jacobs apples part 1 - unece
TRANSCRIPT
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Apples
Malus Domestica
Fred Jacobs
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Countries of production
� Europe
� China
� Westcoast US
� RSA
� New Zealand
� Argentina
� Chile
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Production of apples in the Netherlands. 2010
� 340.000 ton
= 4 % of the EU (27) production
= 0.8 % of the world production
Elstar 170.000 ton
Jonagold/Jonagored 135.000 ton
Golden Delicious / Cox. O.P. / Boskoop 30.000 ton
Others 65.000 ton
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Production of apples in the EU (27) in 2010: 9697 x 1000 ton
Golden Del. : 2401
Gala : 986
Jonagold / Jonagored : 700
Red Delicious : 662
Idared : 569
Elstar : 361
Granny Smith : 339
Braeburn : 289
Shampion : 257
Fuji : 250
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Production in the EU per country
� Italy 2197 x 1000 ton
� Poland 1850
� France 1597
� Germany 835
� Hongary 488
� Spain 486
� Greece 454
� Netherlands 340
� Belgium 288
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Blossom time
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Blossom time
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Orchard
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Good coloration after cold nights
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Hail protection
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Pluk-o-trak
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Transportation in big boxes
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Transportation inside the packstation
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Pre sorting
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Sorting and grading with camera’s
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Graded and sorted
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Storage for a short time
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Transportation to the packing line
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Packing and last check
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Mixed packages
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Quality Standard
Apples
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Major defects
� Calcium spot
� Fruit flesh browning
� Heavy pressuremarks
� Hollow fruit
� Decay
� Open damage (stalk damage)
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Minor defects
� Misshapen
� Skin defects other than scalding like:
- hail damage
- slight scab
- branch damage
- frost damage
� Discoloration
� Slight bruises
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Minimum requirements
� Intact
� Clean
� Sound
� Free from pests and damage caused by pests affecting the flesh
� Free from serious water core, with the exception of Fuji and mutants
� Free of abnormal external moisture and free of any foreign smell and or taste
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Maturity requirements
� The apples must be sufficiently developed and display satisfactory ripeness
� The development and state of maturity must be such as to enable them to continue their ripening process and to reach the degree of ripeness required in relation to the varietal characteristic.
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BASIC FOR CLASSIFICATION APPLES IN
CLASS EXTRA, CLASS I AND II
� Marking on the packages?
� Colour requirements?
� Rough or smooth skin variety?
The first question an inspector should ask himself:
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Colour requirement for apples
� cat. A: 75 % of total surface for Class Extra
50 % for Class I
� cat. B: 50% of the total surface for Class Extra
33% for Class I
� cat. C : 33% of the total surface for Class Extra
10 % characteristic striping for Class I.
For Class II no requirement, excepted variety
Jonagold (10% characteristic striping)
� cat. D: No colour requirement
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Smooth and rough skin varieties
� smooth skin varieties:
Class Extra : > slight isolated traces of russeting
> brown patches that may not go outside the stem cavity
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Smooth and rough skin varieties
smooth skin varieties:
Class I : > thin net-like russeting not exceeding 20%of the total fruit surface;
> dense russeting not exceeding 5% of the
total fruit surface
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Smooth and rough skin varieties
� smooth skin varieties:
Class II : > thin net-like russeting not exceeding 1/2 of the total fruit surface;
> dense russeting not exceeding 1/3 of the
total fruit surface
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Smooth and rough skin varieties
� Rough skin varieties:
In all classes russeting is allowed
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Requirements for Class Extra
Allowed is/are :
� very slight skin defects
� very slight russeting
� flesh must be perfectly sound
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Requirements for Class I
Allowed is/are :
� slight defects in shape
� slight defects in colouring
� slight bruising not exceeding 1 cm²
� 2 cm in length for defects of elongated shape
� other skin defects of maximum 1 cm²
� spots of scab of maximum 1/4 cm² in total
� without stalks provide the flesh is not damaged
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Interpretations Class I
• Water core may not be larger then an apple seed.
- Fuji may have water core.
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Requirements Class II
� defects of shape, colour and development in case characteristics aren’t undermined
� slight bruising not exceeding 1,5 cm²
� oblong skin damages not exceeding 4 cm length
� other skin defects not exceeding 2,5 cm²
� scab not exceeding 1 cm²
� missing stalks are acceptable if the flesh is not damaged
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Interpretations Class II
� healed cracks should be assessed as skin defects
� Superficial traces of fruit flesh browning, core brown, bitterpit, water core not exceeding 10% of the fruits
� Traces of scald within the 10% of tolerances and not exceeding 2,5 cm²; otherwise it is a “ 2% defect”
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Sizing
� Minimum size is 60 mm or 90 gram
A mimimum size of 50 mm or 70 gram is allowed provided the brix value is at least 10,5 o
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Uniformity
�Fruit of Class Extra, I and II packed on layers must be graded on 5 mm range
�Or by weight:
Range (g) Difference in weight (g)• 70 - 90 15 g• 91 - 135 20 g• 136 - 200 30 g• 201 - 300 40 g• > 300 50 g
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Uniformity
�Loose packed apples or apples packed in sales packages of Class I must be graded till maximum 10 mm range
�Or by weight:
Range (g) Difference in weight (g)
• 70 - 135 35• 136 - 300 70• > 300 100
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Labelling
� Name address of the packer or dispatcher
� Class
� Product name if the content is not visible from the outside
� Name of the variety
� Country of origin
� Size or number of fruits
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chlorosis Class I allowed
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Colouring 10 % of the surface
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Thin net-like russeting Class I in case of smooth skin varieties
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Thin net-like and dense russeting Class I in case of smooth skin varieties
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Hail damage Class I
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Hail damage Class I
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Hail damage Class I
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Haildamage Class I
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Scab Class I
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Bruising Class II
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Pressuremark Class II
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hail damage Class II
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Scab Class II
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Dense russeting Class II, in case of smooth skin varieties
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Watercore: range Class I / Class II
Fuji & mutants may have watercore
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frost damage Class II
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Frostdamage Class II
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fleshy stalks Class II
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apple sawfly Class II
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Healed cracks Class II
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Haildamage - out of grade
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frost damage - out of grade
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bitterpit - out of grade
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bitterpit - out of grade
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phoma spot - out of grade
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lenticel spot - out of grade
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lenticel spot - out of grade
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core brown - out of grade
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scalding - out of grade
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sunburn - out of grade
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primary scab - out of grade
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secondary scab - out of grade
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Fruit flesh browning - out of grade
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Fruit fly worm eaten
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Damaged caused by insectsout of grade
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Leaf roller - out of grade
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Shrivelled - out of grade
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� Alkmene
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� Cox’s OP
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� Cox’s OP
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� Elstar
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� Elstar red
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� Nicogreen
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� Red Jonaprince
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� gloster
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� Jonagold
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� Boskoop
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� Delcorf
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� Nicoter
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Civni
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� Autento
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� Milwa
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� Wellant
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� Idared
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� Golden Delicous
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� Royal Gala
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� Royal Gala
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Granny Smith
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� Pinova
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� Braeburn
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Fuji
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Fuji – red mutant
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Cripps Pink (Pink Lady)