jamal-jompa icrs 2012 cairns.pdf

7/27/2019 Jamal-Jompa ICRS 2012 Cairns.pdf

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Scientific and ManagementChallenges in Conserving the Reefs

in the

Coral Triangle Region:Lessons Learnt from Indonesia

Prof. Jamaluddin Jompa

-Director: Research and Development Center for Marine, Coastal, & SmallIslands, Hasanuddin University, Makassar

- Secretary General: Indonesian Coral Reef Society (INCRES)

ICRS 12, Cairns, Australia

Monday 9 July 2012


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WHO AM I?

Scientist (22 years) Lecturer (20 years) Secretary General of

Ind. CR Society Deputy Chair for Ind.Oceanologist Assoc.

Chief Editor: Journal ofIndonesian Coral Reefs

9 Jul 2012 ICRS 12-Jompa Plenary 2

Managing COREMAPProjects (6 Years)

Member of National Fish

Stock Assessment (3Years)

Supporting CTI (Regional& National)

Indonesian Fisheries Association Members/advisors of various foundations

and NGOs/private sectors.


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Outline Themes

1. What is the Coral Triangle and Who Cares?

2. Review of the Science & Management Nexus in the CT

3. Introduction to the CTI and Indonesias National Plan

of Action

4. How Integrated Resources Management Links Science

& Management

5. Indonesias Coral Reef Management Approach:

Lessons Learnt from COREMAP6. Messages to the ICRS Audience



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Where is the

Coral Triangle?

-SW Pacific

-SSE Asia


THEME 1: What is the Coral

Triangle and Who Cares?


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9 Jul 2012

ICRS 12-Jompa Plenary 5

Amazon Coral TriangleCongo Basin

Coral Triangle:Center for marine biodiversity

Why is the Coral Triangle Important?

GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS


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Coral Triangle's Significance to Global

Coral Reef Systems: Diversity & Area

76

37 53

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

% of World's Coral

Species

% of World's Coral Reef

Fish Species

% of World's Coral Reefs



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0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

CaribbeanHawaii

AustraliaCoral

Triangle

82 150400 600

700

1100

1500

3000

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? CORAL TRIANGLE has

MORE Coral and Fish Species Compared to

Other Seas#Coral Species

# Fish Species



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Whysave the Coral Triangle?

Ecosystem Resiliency

Pharmaceuticals Potential?

Livelihoods : 120 million people Habitats: $2.3 Billion /yr

Tourism: $12 Billion / yr

Live Reef Fish: $1 Bill / yr

50% of World Tuna stocks

60% of their protein from the sea

9 Jul 2012 8ICRS 12-Jompa Plenary

Food Securi ty

Economic

Development

Biodiversity

Conservation


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Importance of Coral Triangle: Rich

Greatest Mangrove Forests of theWorld

Worlds Most important

refuge for Marine Life.

6out of 7 Marine Turtle

Species ICRS 12-Jompa Plenary 9

Habitat for Worlds

Largest Tuna Fishery


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The Coral Triangle is Special

9 Jul 2012 ICRS 12-Jompa Plenary 10Unique and charismatic fauna Cultural Diversity and

People in Need


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What are the C Ts Problems?

~85% of CT reefs are under integrated

local threats and ~5%of CT reefs are

under global thermal and climate

change threats (vs. 75% world wide)(WRIReefs at Risk-Revisited)



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LOCAL THREATS: Destructive and

Overfishing: Affects >60% of CT Reefs

From Reefs at Risk



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LOCAL THREATS

CoastalDevelopment

Watershed-based

Pollution Marine-based

Damage & Pollution


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GLOBAL THREATS: Climate Change


Reefs at Risk-

Revisited

Coral Bleaching Sea Level Rise; Storms

Solomon Islands


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GLOBAL THREATS: Ocean ChemistryCT at greater risk than other areas

MAP 3.4. Threat to Coral Reefs from Ocean Acidification in the Present, 2030, and 2050


2005: 380 ppm CO2

2030s: 450 ppm CO2

Red = marginal

calcification,

Blue = Optimal

Chemistry

Reefs at Risk-

Revisited

2050s: 500 ppm CO2

CT Reefs


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Reefs at Risk in the Present,

2030, and 2050 for the Countries

of the Coral Triangle Region

Mostly at high risk in 2050

Source: Burke et al. 2012 / Knight et al. 2012


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Importance of Coral Reefs for Indonesia


& Indonesia 12-15% of the WORLDs area of Coral Reefs

~240 Million People (more than of CT) Livelihood and business of millions of people

in thousands of villages

Center of the Coral Triangle


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Importance of Coral Reefs for Indonesia


Location of the Biodiversity Bulls eye (Highest # of Species)

# of Coral Species

(Veron, 2008)

BULLS EYE


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Over Fishing Destructive Fishing

Coral mining

Bleaching

Sedimentation

Corallivorous Outbreak

Pollution

Euthrofication

Diseases

Storms, earthquake, tsunami

Algal overgrowth,

Current Major Threats

for Indonesian Coral Reefs


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Indonesian Coral Bleaching

Phenomenon in 2010

Severa Locations ofCoral Bleaching

(April July 2010)

Aceh

PadangKarimunjawa ?

Lombok Strait

South Borneo

Pangkep & Makassar

Bone Bay

ButonWakatobi

Raja Ampat

Source: Jompa & Yusuf, 2010;

Setiasih et al. (2010)

Suggett et al. (in prep);Risya et al. (in prep)

June

2010

October

2010


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Past & Present Conditions of

Indonesian Coral Reefs

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Percentageo

freef

s

Years

Excellent

Good

FairPoor


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How does this Sci help Managers?

Focus on LOCALTHREATS: Bigger (85 vs5% of total threat toreefs)

They can be under ourcontrol: can applypractical ICM, MPA,Fisheries Management

Measures

This will build resiliencefor future CC Threats



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THEME2: Review of the Science &

Management Nexus in the CT

SCIENCE brings:

Knowledge to

choose

MANAGEMENT

brings: Authority to act


SCIENCE/KNOWLEDGE

AUTHORITY/MANAGEMENT


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SCIENCE: Scientific Research DEFINED the

need for Management of HUMAN

ACTIVITIES in Coral Reefs


Science here is

COMPLICATED!

BIODIVERSITY HUGE AREA (4

Time Zones)

REMOTE

Large and SmallIslands, Atolls Poverty


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MANAGEMENT: Hundreds of Cultures,

Hundreds of Languages, Agencies

Involved


MANAGEMENT here

is COMPLICATED!

Culture DIVERSITY HUGE AREA (4

Time Zones)

Regional, Nationaland Local Users

REMOTE areas Requires Special

Approaches

Requires Flexibility


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SCIENCE vs. MANAGEMENT Cultures

SCIENCE Culture

Nerds

Narrow Expertise

Motivated by Frontier orDiscovery

Fact-Based

Publish for Peers

High Level of Capacity

Long Time-Line for Work

MANAGEMENT Culture

Community or Govt Workers

Wide Range of Issues

Motivated by Public Opinion/Conflict Reduction

Opinion/Scenario-Based

Publish for Guidances

Limited Capacity in CT

Time and Money Bound



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THEME 3: Introduction to the CTI-CFF

and Indonesias National Plan of Action

RESPONSE to CORAL TRIANGLE Science &

Management Challenges

2007: President Yudhoyono (Indonesia)Invited CT governments and Partners to join

together under a Coral Triangle Initiative for

Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security



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Who are involved in the

Coral Triangle Initiative?CT6 Countries

Indonesia

Malaysia

Philippines

Papua New Guinea

Solomon Islands Timor-Leste

Coral Sea

South

China

Sea

9 Jul 2012 28ICRS 12-Jompa PlenarySeven Initial Partners


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Whatis the CT Initiative?

CORAL TRIANGLE INITIATIVE

ON CORAL REEFS, FISHERIES AND FOOD SECURITY

(CTI-CFF) 2009-2020

9 Jul 201230

ICRS 12-Jompa Plenary

CT6

Leaders

DeclarationCTI Summit

2009

Six

Natl

Plans of

ActionNov 09


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Priority Seascapesdesignated andeffectively managed

SSME Tri-NationalCommittee has Strategic

Action Plan, Turtle

Network Plan and more

CTI Seascape Guide is inReview for Adoption

CTI Goal 1 in the RPoA



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Ecosystem approach tofisheries management fullyapplied

National efforts to developEAFM programs underway

CTI EAFM Policy Framework is inReview for Adoption by Sr. Officials




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Marine protected areas

and networks establishedand effectively managed

National MPA Systems indevelopment linked to ICM Mgt. Effectiveness benchmarks

shared and being tested in CT6 CTI MPA System Frameworkand Action Plan in development

for Adoption in 2012 (more....)




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Progress in CTI Goal 3: MPA

Will complete CTMPAS Framework in 2012Criteria design lead by Science teams

Framework drafted by both Scientists and Managers

Governance, Ecological and Social Principles,Objectives and Criteria drafted

Strategy and Implementation Planning in Progress

Will recruit 1st round of sites in early 2013

Regional Gap Analysis will be done in mid-2013

CTI MPA System to be inaugurated in Q3-2013



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Adaptation andResilience to Climate

Changestrengthened

CTI Regional Early Action Plan for CC Adaptationcomplete and ADOPTED by Sr. Officials.

Tool kit to help managers and communities assessand act is in trial and review

Training of trainers in all six countries completed forCCA approaches and Local Early Action Plans




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Threatened marinespecies protectionimproved

National progress on this Goal Campaigns underway on

reducing demand for turtle

and shark

Focus on by-catch mitigation




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CTI Atlas and other KM Tools

Need central info center and formats orvoiceless / can not make sound choices

Helps to integrate management

World Fish, Reef Base, TNC and CTI partnershipcreating this CT Atlas ctatlas.reefbase.org

ADB supporting the State of the Coral Triangle

Reportand national KM Centers


S H d th CTI W k?


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So How does the CTI Work?

coral triangle initiative

National

alliances and

action plans

(CTIP) CTI

Partnership


Joint Actions for

Transformational Change


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THEME 4: How Integrated Resources

Management Links Science & Mgt


Integrated Coastal Resources Management:

Not New in Theory; Still young in Practice

ICM Planning Process Phases SCI MGT

Issue (and Stakeholder) Identification and

Baseline AssessmentX X

ICM Plan Preparation & Adoption X X

Action Plan and Project Implementation X XMonitoring and Evaluation X X

Information Management, Education and

OutreachX X

Integrated Management of People and


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Integrated Management of People and

Natural Resources



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THEME 5:Indonesias Approach to Coral

Reef Management:

Example from COREMAP


COREMAP l d


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Institutionalization ofeffective coral reef

management at all

government levels

and broader

stakeholders;Implementing and

achieving CTI goals

PHASE -I:

INISIASIATIONEA: LIPI (1999-2003)

DEPDAGRI, DEPTAN,

DEPHUT, LH , TNI-AL

PHASE -II:

ACCELERATION &DECENTRALIZATION

EA: KKP (2004-2011)

LIPI, KEMENHUT

COREMAP is long term program to protect andsustainably use Indonesian coral reefs

To establish strong

foundation &national platform on

coral reef

management

Strengthen and

accelerate coralreef management

actions on

priority sites

through

decentralization

World Bank Asia Development Bank, AusAID (Australia Agency

for International

Development)

World Bank : IDA, IBRD,

GEF dan

Asia Development Bank

(ADB)


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COREMAP Ultimate Goals

Insure biodiversity conservation and sustainablemanagement of coral reefs and relatedecosystems;

Strengthen the capacity of communities and localinstitutions to manage coral reefs and relatedecosystems; and

Lower the incidence of poverty in the Programscoastal communities

COREMAP II Locations


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COREMAP II Locations

ADB Sites World Bank Sites3 PROP, 9 KAB/KOTA

PROP. SUMATERA UTARA;

1. KAB. TAPANULI TENGAH

2. KAB. NIAS SELATAN*

3. KAB. NIAS UTARA*

4. KAB. NIAS BARAT*

PROP. SUMATERA BARAT

1. KAB. MENTAWAI

PROP. KEP. RIAU

1. KOTA BATAM

2. KAB. BINTAN

3. KAB. NATUNA

4. KAB. LINGGA**

5 PROP/RCU, 7 KAB/PMU

PROP. SULAWESI SELATAN

1. KAB. PANGKEP

2. KAB. SELAYARPROP. SULAWESI TENGGARA

3. KAB. BUTON

4. KAB. WAKATOBI*

PROP. NTT

5. KAB. SIKKA

PROP. PAPUA BARAT

6. KAB. RAJA AMPAT

PROP. PAPUA

7. KAB. BIAK NUMFOR

NCU & CRITC Jakarta

COREMAP II: 42 Output Indicators


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Several Major Outputs/Outcome ofCOREMAP Program:

Emerging/remaining scientific questions

and

management challenges

7 Key Performance Indicators


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CORE of COREMAP


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We are still kids..!!! Please help

Small Scale


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Small ScaleLocally ManagedNo Take Area (DPL)


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Spill Over: Increased


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Spill-Over: Increasedpopulation outside NTZ?

No Take

Zone

Output Management Challenges &


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Output, Management Challenges &

Scientific Questions

Outputs: 430 village based -Small Scale- NTZ s and15 District Marine Conservation Areas

Zona Inti

Zona Inti

Zona

Penyangga

Zona

Pemanfaatan

Umum

Main Factors Affecting


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Main Factors Affecting

Effectiveness of NTZ (DPL)

Apatanah

EFEKTIF

Kembang Ragi

Laiyolo Barugaiya

Bungaiya Liya TogoBontolebang

HoruoTongaliTanamalalaLampanairi

ParakWandokaKasuariKURANG EFEKTIFSaugi

WahaBahariPajenekangTIDAK EFEKTIFKulambing WabulaPatikarya

Liya MawiWakinamboro

Kondong Bali

Samatellu Lompo WasuembaBadiSombu

Ballang Lompo Sanane

KarangrangTira

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

1. Enforcement of DPL regulation

2. Community participation on site

selection

3. Community awareness

/knowledge of DPL

4. Monitoring, Controlling &Surveillance

5. Signs of demarcation/board

Nurliah, Nessa, Ali,

Jompa 2012K3K4

P6

P4K6

P3

P1K1

K10P2

K5

P5

K7K8

K2

P7

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

-0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3

Analyses on 32 DPL

(2012)



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Scientific Questions: NTZ/DPL (continued)

Management Challenges:Legal/regulatory supports for NTZ/DPLIncentive for management effortsIncorporating with right based

fisheries

Coordinate actions (scale up)

Scientific Questions:

Minimum/optimum size each DPL?Expected significant: what, when?Self recruit vs connectivity?Adapt. design to be in lined with KKLD

to Seascape (scale down) ?

1

9

5

8

6

37

24

C h i E l ti f MPA St t


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Comprehensive Evaluation of MPA Status

in Indonesia : (in progress)

No. Main Criteria

16 Pengelolaan KKP meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat

17 Pembiayaan berkelanjutan

Effective &Sustainable

(5)

Developed

(4)

MinimumStandards Fulfilled

(3)

Created

(2)

Initiated

1 Usulan Inisiatif

2 Identifikasi & inventarisasi kawasan

3 Pencadangan kawasan

4 Unit organisasi pengelola dengan SDM

5 Rencana pengelolaan dan zonasi

6 Sarana dan prasarana pendukung pengelolaan

7 Dukungan pembiayaan pengelolaan

8 Pengesahan rencana pengelolaan & zonasi

9 Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) Pengelolaan

10 Pelaksanaan Rencana pengelolaan dan zonasi

11 Penetapan Kawasan Konservasi Perairan

12 Penataan batas kawasan

13 Pelembagaan

14 Pengelolaan sumberdaya kawasan15 Pengelolaan sosial ekonomi dan budaya

Green

Trends of Live coral cover at permanent plots at


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p p

COREMAP sites (2006-2011)

Outcome, Management Challenges &


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Outcome, Management Challenges &

Scientific Questions: % Live Coral Cover

Outcome: LCC at 5/7 districts increased; average 18.8% Management Challenges:

- Optimum targets (always increased vs maintained)?

- What if not achieved?

Scientific Questions:

- What are the best & practical

reef health indicator ?- High coral cover vs reef fish

abundances (not simple)!

Oth M j O t t /O t f


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Other Major Outputs/Outcomes of

COREMAP Program

Reduction of destructive fishing practices Significantly improved public awareness Stronger legislation and policies (national,

provincial, district, and villages)

Developed institutional capacities (LKM, SPP,Government agencies)

Improved coastal community livelihood

Certifications of marine ornamentals Provide coral reef baseline information(www.coremap.or.id)



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0 1 1

39

24

9 10 8

305

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Flat Crest Slope Flat Crest Slope Flat Crest Slope

P. Liukang Tuppabiring P. Liukang Tangaya P. Taka Bonerate

Total abundances of Angle Fish Pomacanthus

xanthometopon

individu

Ch ll f d li d d i


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Challenges for decentralized and community

based CR management in Indonesia

The four major tribes in Indonesia, fishing all over Indonesiancoral reefs (migratory fisherman) Going fishing 3-6 months

Source: Suharsono 2009


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Map of Poverty Index for Indonesian

Coastal Communities

Distribution of coastal communities

8,090 Coastal Villages 16.42 M people

3,91 Households

Individual Poverty Index 0.3214

The possible future scenarios of Indonesian


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The possible future scenarios of Indonesian

Coral Reefs??

Several Key Strategies for Optimistic - Possible Scenarios:

Legislation, law enforcement, public participations/stewardship Strong science based and adaptive management Integrated Land-Coastal-Marine Zone Management /EBM Coral reef resilience & effective MPA Networks More effective &/or proactive and Reef Rehabilitation/Restoration Climate Change mitigation and adaptation

MESSAGE 1a: Science: Take a Walk on


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MESSAGE 1a: Science: Take a Walk on

the Applied Side. But WHY?

PURE Science

Unexpected Knowledge

Frontiers of Discovery

New Paradigms

APPLIED Science

Huge and Critical Need

Informed Decision-making

Put Science to Use/ Work

StrongerScience-Based

Culture andCitizens


MESSAGE 1b: Science: Take a Walk on


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MESSAGE 1b: Science: Take a Walk on

the Applied Side. But HOW?

ImprovedICM

Conduct

Outreach toPublic,

Students

Support GradStudent

Thesis Topic

LearnAnotherSector

Serve as Local

TWG Advisor

Strengthen

GovernmentAppliedScience


MESSAGE 2a: Managers: Take a Walk


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MESSAGE 2a: Managers: Take a Walk

on the Wet Side. But WHY?

PURE Management

Political

Rational

Efficient Implementation

WET Management

Appropriate and Effective Approaches

Realistic Expectations

Empowers Implementers

StrongerReality-BasedManagementand Leaders


MESSAGE 2b: Managers: Take a Walk


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MESSAGE 2b: Managers: Take a Walk

on the Wet Side. But HOW?

ImprovedICM

Join a Field

Activity(Monitor,

Patrol, Install)

InviteResearchersto your Team

Learn SomeNew Science

Invite Usersand Experts

to TWG

Strengthen

GovernmentAppliedScience


MESSAGE 3: S&M: We Need Viral


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MESSAGE 3: S&M: We Need Viral

Tools to Create Fast, Effective Changes

Replicate

Modify for

GeneralUse

Pilot

Design


Communities and

Users: The numbers are

daunting, and one-by-

one changes too littleand too slow

Scientists and Managers

(S&M) can work together todesign safe Viral

Interventions

MESSAGE 3 C C S f


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MESSAGE 3: Create Contact Surfaces

MANAGERS/GOVERNMENT

SCIENCE

SECTOR

RESOURCE USERSCIVIL SOCIETY

NGOS


Forums Technical Working

Groups

Advisory Groups Outreach

Campaigns

Partnerships Learning Networks


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CTI Learning Networks

A group working across organizationsand/or boundaries to collectively create,

apply, test, document and sharesolutions to common challenges.

Pilot: CTI MPA Learning Network

Objectives

Connect site managers across the CT6 toimprove their capacity to manage MPAs.

Connect MPA networks and leaders

across CT6 in support of the CT MPA

System (CTMPAS).

Catalyze/accelerate learning and sharing

of information by supporting linkages

between MPA managers, existing

networks, scientists, policy makers, local

communities, and practitioners.

Learning network reaching out to

MPA Managers and Practitioners

in more than 1500 MPAs in the Coral Triangle.


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Contact Surfaces of the CTI

CTI-CFF Exhibit booth: Please go and Visit

CTI DRAFT MPA System Framework: Circulating

CTI DRAFT EAFM Framework: Circulating

CTI Regional Early Action Plan for Climate ChangeAdaptation (Already Adopted) is Available

CTI Integrated Toolkit: Circulating

www.coraltriangleinitiative.org for more info



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Photo by Nat. Geog. 2012

Photo by D. Smith

Acknowledgment:


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Acknowledgment: MaCSI Hasanuddin University

Ministry of Marine Affairs & Fisheries

CTI-CFF Regional Secretariat Dr. S. Tighe/ TNC

Dr, Suharsono & Dr. Dirhamsyah (LIPI)

NCC CTI Indonesia

ARC C0E for Coral Reef Studies

US CTSP (Maurice Knight)

Coral Triangle Center (CTC)

Essex University (D. Smith & D. Sugget)

Naneng Setiasih

ADB-KM team NCC of CT6 Countries

Worl Bank

ADB


Dr. Suseno Sukoyono

Eko Rudianto

Dr. Alan White Dr. Laurence McCook

Prof. Bob Pressey

Dr. Perri Alino

Prof. Ed. Gomez

Syafyuddin Yusuf

Dr. Darmawan


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Thank you.

[email protected]

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