jan. 7, 2004 prof. paul lin 1 cpet 355 data communications and networking paul i-hai lin, professor...

Jan. 7, 2004Jan. 7, 2004 Prof. Paul LinProf. Paul Lin 11

CPET 355 CPET 355

Data Communications and Data Communications and NetworkingNetworking

Paul I-Hai Lin, Professor Paul I-Hai Lin, Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering TechnologyElectrical and Computer Engineering Technology

Purdue University, Fort Wayne CampusPurdue University, Fort Wayne Campus


Data CommunicationData Communication

Data: Data: • Refers to: Information, Facts, Concepts, Refers to: Information, Facts, Concepts,

InstructionsInstructions• Represented by: binary information Represented by: binary information

units (bits: 0, 1)units (bits: 0, 1)• Consists of: text, numbers, pictures, Consists of: text, numbers, pictures,

sound, or videosound, or video


Data Communication Data Communication (continue)(continue)

Data CommunicationData Communication• Exchange of data between devices via Exchange of data between devices via

some form of transmission mediumsome form of transmission medium


Data Communication Data Communication (continue)(continue)

Three Fundamental Three Fundamental CharacteristicsCharacteristics• How to Delivery: source, destination, How to Delivery: source, destination,

transmission signal, encoding, media, transmission signal, encoding, media, interfacing, multiplexinginterfacing, multiplexing

• Accuracy of Delivery: reliable and error Accuracy of Delivery: reliable and error freefree

• Timeliness: efficient, real-timeTimeliness: efficient, real-time


A Communication ModelA Communication Model

Message, Sender, Medium, Message, Sender, Medium, Receiver, and ProtocolReceiver, and Protocol

MessageMessage• Text, numbers, pictures, sound, video, Text, numbers, pictures, sound, video,

or a combination of these messagesor a combination of these messages SenderSender

• Computer, workstation, server, Computer, workstation, server, telephone handset, video camera, etctelephone handset, video camera, etc


A Communications Model A Communications Model (continue)(continue)

MediumMedium• Twisted pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber-Twisted pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber-

optic cable, laser, radio waves, optic cable, laser, radio waves, microwavesmicrowaves

ReceiverReceiver• Computer, workstation, server, etcComputer, workstation, server, etc

ProtocolProtocol• A set of rules that govern data A set of rules that govern data

communications (HTTP, TCP/IP, PPP, communications (HTTP, TCP/IP, PPP, etc )etc )


Communications TasksCommunications Tasks

Message FormattingMessage Formatting Encryption, or Encoding Encryption, or Encoding

(Security)(Security) AddressingAddressing RoutingRouting SynchronizationSynchronization Flow ControlFlow Control


Communications Tasks Communications Tasks (continue)(continue)

Exchange ManagementExchange Management Error Detection and CorrectionError Detection and Correction RecoveryRecovery Network ManagementNetwork Management


Overview of Computer Overview of Computer NetworksNetworks

IntroductionIntroduction Uses of Computer NetworksUses of Computer Networks Network HardwareNetwork Hardware Network SoftwareNetwork Software Reference Models and StandardsReference Models and Standards Example NetworksExample Networks


IntroductionIntroduction

Computer Network Computer Network • A collection of autonomous A collection of autonomous

computers interconnected by a computers interconnected by a single technologysingle technology

InternetInternet• A network of networksA network of networks

World Wide WebWorld Wide Web• A distributed system that runs on A distributed system that runs on

the top of the Internetthe top of the Internet


IntroductionIntroduction

Distributed SystemDistributed System• A collection of independent A collection of independent

computers appears to its user as a computers appears to its user as a single coherent systemsingle coherent system

• A software system built on the top A software system built on the top of a networkof a network

MiddlewareMiddleware• A software sit on the top of the OS A software sit on the top of the OS

for implementing distribution for implementing distribution systemssystems


Definition of a NetworkDefinition of a Network

A set of nodes (hosts) connected A set of nodes (hosts) connected by media links for resource by media links for resource sharing, communications, etcsharing, communications, etc

A Node: computer, server, A Node: computer, server, printer, etcprinter, etc

A Link: communication channelA Link: communication channel Resources: printer, files, Resources: printer, files,

programs, database, etcprograms, database, etc


NetworkingNetworking

Distributed Processing Distributed Processing • use network connected computersuse network connected computers

Loosely connected computer Loosely connected computer networks networks • LANs, WANs, WWWLANs, WANs, WWW


Uses of Computer NetworksUses of Computer Networks

Business/Enterprise ApplicationsBusiness/Enterprise Applications• E-Commerce, E-BusinessE-Commerce, E-Business• Manufacturing ApplicationsManufacturing Applications

Home ApplicationsHome Applications Mobile UsersMobile Users Educational ApplicationsEducational Applications


Business/Enterprise Business/Enterprise ApplicationsApplications

Resource SharingResource Sharing• Physical resources: printers, scanners, CD Physical resources: printers, scanners, CD

burners, etcburners, etc• Information sharing (client-server model): Information sharing (client-server model):

customer records, inventories, account customer records, inventories, account info, etcinfo, etc

Communication and Information Communication and Information ServicesServices• email, videoconferencing, etcemail, videoconferencing, etc

E-CommerceE-Commerce E-BusinessE-Business


Business/Enterprise Business/Enterprise Applications Applications (continue)(continue)

Enterprise Resource PlanningEnterprise Resource Planning Marketing, Sales, and Customer Marketing, Sales, and Customer

ServicesServices Supply Chain ManagementSupply Chain Management Manufacturing (CAD/CAM), Manufacturing (CAD/CAM),

robotics, industrial control, robotics, industrial control, measurement, monitoringmeasurement, monitoring


Home ApplicationsHome Applications

Access to remote informationAccess to remote information Peer-to-peer communicationPeer-to-peer communication

• Chat room, Instant messaging,Chat room, Instant messaging, Home appliances and securityHome appliances and security Interactive entertainmentInteractive entertainment

• Video games, video on demands, Video games, video on demands, Internet radioInternet radio

E-commerceE-commerce


Mobile UsersMobile Users

Personal Digital Assistance (PDAs)Personal Digital Assistance (PDAs) Global Positioning System (GPS)Global Positioning System (GPS) Notebook Computers, Pocket PC, Notebook Computers, Pocket PC,

Tablet PCTablet PC Cell phoneCell phone Mobile Wireless Networks – trucks, Mobile Wireless Networks – trucks,

taxis, delivery vehicles, etctaxis, delivery vehicles, etc Utility meter readingUtility meter reading Military usersMilitary users


Network HardwareNetwork Hardware

Connection TechnologyConnection Technology• Broadcast linksBroadcast links• Point-to-point linksPoint-to-point links

ScaleScale• Personal area networksPersonal area networks• Local area networks (wired, wireless)Local area networks (wired, wireless)• Metropolitan area networks (wired, Metropolitan area networks (wired,

wireless)wireless)• Wide area networksWide area networks• The InternetThe Internet


Network CriteriaNetwork Criteria

PerformancePerformance• No of usersNo of users• Types of transmission mediumTypes of transmission medium• HardwareHardware• SoftwareSoftware

ReliabilityReliability ScalabilityScalability SecuritySecurity


Local Area NetworksLocal Area Networks

ScaleScale• Room – 10mRoom – 10m• Building – 100mBuilding – 100m• Campus – 1kmCampus – 1km

Connection TechnologyConnection Technology• Ethernet bus (wired, wireless)Ethernet bus (wired, wireless)• IBM Token ringIBM Token ring

Data rate: Data rate: • 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, Giga bps10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, Giga bps


Metropolitan Area NetworksMetropolitan Area Networks

ScaleScale• CityCity

Connection TechnologyConnection Technology• TV networkTV network• Microwave, RF, antennaMicrowave, RF, antenna• High-speed wireless IEEE 802.16High-speed wireless IEEE 802.16


Wide Area NetworksWide Area Networks

ScaleScale• A country or continentA country or continent

Connection TechnologyConnection Technology• SubnetsSubnets• RoutersRouters

TransmissionTransmission• Store-and-forward or packet-switchedStore-and-forward or packet-switched• Satellite systemsSatellite systems• Routing algorithm (shortest path, etc)Routing algorithm (shortest path, etc)


Wireless NetworksWireless Networks

System interconnection System interconnection • Bluetooth – connecting digital Bluetooth – connecting digital

cameras, headsets, scanners, etccameras, headsets, scanners, etc Wireless LANs (access point + Wireless LANs (access point +

antenna)antenna)• IEEE 802.11aIEEE 802.11a• IEEE 802.11bIEEE 802.11b• IEEE 802.11gIEEE 802.11g

Wireless WANsWireless WANs


Home NetworksHome Networks

ComputersComputers Entertainment equipments Entertainment equipments

• TV/DVD, camcorder, camera, stereo, MP3TV/DVD, camcorder, camera, stereo, MP3 Telecommunications Telecommunications

• telephone, mobile phone, intercom, faxtelephone, mobile phone, intercom, fax Home appliances Home appliances

• microwave, refrigerator, clock, furnace, microwave, refrigerator, clock, furnace, lights, heating and air conditioninglights, heating and air conditioning

Telemetry and Remote MonitoringTelemetry and Remote Monitoring


IntrernetworksIntrernetworks

GatewayGateway• A computer with appropriate A computer with appropriate

software for connecting software for connecting incompatible networksincompatible networks

InternetworksInternetworks• A network of distinct networksA network of distinct networks


Network SoftwareNetwork Software

ProtocolsProtocols Stacks of layersStacks of layers Five-layer protocol Five-layer protocol

• TCP/IP protocol suite (FTP, TELNET, TCP/IP protocol suite (FTP, TELNET, http, etc)http, etc)

Seven-layer protocol: OSI (Open Seven-layer protocol: OSI (Open Systems Interconnect) reference Systems Interconnect) reference modelmodel


Network Software Network Software (continue)(continue)

TCP/IP Five-Layer Protocol TCP/IP Five-Layer Protocol • Application Layer - FTP, TELNET, Application Layer - FTP, TELNET,

SMTP, DNS, HTTP, etc)SMTP, DNS, HTTP, etc)• Transport Layer – TCP, UDPTransport Layer – TCP, UDP• Internet Layer – IPInternet Layer – IP• Data Link LayerData Link Layer• Physical LayerPhysical Layer


Network Software Network Software (continue)(continue)

OSI Seven-Layer ProtocolOSI Seven-Layer Protocol• ApplicationApplication• PresentationPresentation• SessionSession• TransportTransport• NetworkNetwork• Data LinkData Link• PhysicalPhysical


Example NetworksExample Networks

ARPANETARPANET• ARPANET ARPANET • Advanced Research Project Agency NETAdvanced Research Project Agency NET• A Small network started in the mid-A Small network started in the mid-

1960s for connecting mainframe 1960s for connecting mainframe computerscomputers

• In 1969, four nodes are connected by In 1969, four nodes are connected by media links and IMP (interface message media links and IMP (interface message processor); UCLA, UCSB, Stanford processor); UCLA, UCSB, Stanford Research Institute, and University of Research Institute, and University of UtahUtah


Example Networks Example Networks (continue)(continue)

TCP/IP-based NetworkTCP/IP-based Network• 1973-19831973-1983• Become official protocol for the Become official protocol for the

ARPANET ARPANET MILNET: military usersMILNET: military users ARPANET: non-military usersARPANET: non-military users



CSNET: networks for universities CSNET: networks for universities and companies that connected and companies that connected through TCP/IP, and Telnet; through TCP/IP, and Telnet; sponsored by the National sponsored by the National Science Foundation, 1981-1986Science Foundation, 1981-1986

NSFNET: a backbone that NSFNET: a backbone that connected 5 supercomputer connected 5 supercomputer centers by a T1 (1.544 Mbps) centers by a T1 (1.544 Mbps) line; 1990 - 1995line; 1990 - 1995



Internet (Wide Area Networks)Internet (Wide Area Networks)• E-mailE-mail• World wide webWorld wide web• NewsNews• Remote loginRemote login• File transferFile transfer• EntertainmentEntertainment



Architecture of the InternetArchitecture of the Internet• POP (point-of-presence)POP (point-of-presence)• Regional ISPRegional ISP• BackboneBackbone• NAP (network access point)NAP (network access point)• RoutersRouters• Corporate LANCorporate LAN• Server farmServer farm



Connection-Oriented Networks (WAN)Connection-Oriented Networks (WAN)• X.25X.25

Public data network, deployed in Public data network, deployed in 1970s1970s

• Frame RelayFrame Relay Deployed in 1980s, replaced X.25 Deployed in 1980s, replaced X.25 networksnetworks

• ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) Designed in the early 1990sDesigned in the early 1990s For solving telecomm and For solving telecomm and networking problemsnetworking problems



Ethernet (LAN)Ethernet (LAN)• Designed and implemented at Designed and implemented at

Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, 19761976

• Bob Metcalfe and David BoggsBob Metcalfe and David Boggs• Xerox Ethernet failed to Xerox Ethernet failed to

commercializedcommercialized• Metcalfe formed 3Com to sell Metcalfe formed 3Com to sell

Ethernet adaptersEthernet adapters



LAN StandardsLAN Standards• IEEE 802.3IEEE 802.3

DIX standard by DEC, Intel, and Xerox, DIX standard by DEC, Intel, and Xerox, 1978, 10 Mbps Ethernet1978, 10 Mbps Ethernet

DIX standard become IEEE 802.3 in DIX standard become IEEE 802.3 in 19831983

• IEEE 802.4IEEE 802.4 Token bus (GM)Token bus (GM)

• IEEE 802.5IEEE 802.5 Token ring (IBM)Token ring (IBM)



Wireless LAN StandardsWireless LAN Standards• Design considerationsDesign considerations

Privacy, Security, Battery Life, Human Privacy, Security, Battery Life, Human SafetySafety

With a base station (access point)With a base station (access point) Ad Hoc Networking (wireless peer Ad Hoc Networking (wireless peer

communicate with each other directly)communicate with each other directly)

• IEEE 802.11IEEE 802.11



Wireless LAN Standards (1999-)Wireless LAN Standards (1999-)• IEEE 802.11aIEEE 802.11a

Up to 54 MbpsUp to 54 Mbps

• IEEE 802.11bIEEE 802.11b Up to 11 MbpsUp to 11 Mbps

• IEEE 802.11gIEEE 802.11g Up to 54 MbpsUp to 54 Mbps



Wireless LAN Standards (1999-)Wireless LAN Standards (1999-)• IEEE 802.15IEEE 802.15

BluetoothBluetooth 10-meter distance10-meter distance

• IEEE 802.16IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless WAN Broadband Wireless WAN

jan. 7, 2004 prof. paul lin 1 cpet 355 data communications and networking paul i-hai lin, professor...

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