jan emigrationpolicyreview

7/29/2019 Jan EmigrationPolicyReview

1/38

{\rtf1{\fonttbl{\f2 Arial Bold;}{\f3 Times New Roman;}{\f4 Arial;}{\f5 Times New Roman Bold;}{\f6 Arial;}{\f7 Arial;}{\f8 Times New Roman;}{\f9 Times New Roman;}{\f10 Times New Roman;}{\f11 Times New Roman;}{\f12 Arial Bold;}{\f13 Arial Bold;}{\f14 Arial Italic;}{\f15 Times New Roman Bold;}{\f16 Times New Roman Italic;}{\f17 Arial Bold;}{\f18 Arial;}{\f19 Times New Roman;}{\f20 Arial Bold;}{\f21 Times New Roman Bold;}{\f22 Arial;}{\f23 Arial Bold;}{\f24 Arial Bold;}

{\f25 Times New Roman;}{\f26 Arial;}{\f27 Times New Roman Bold Italic;}{\f28 Times New Roman Italic;}{\f29 Arial Bold Italic;}{\f30 Times New Roman Italic;}{\f1000000 Times New Roman;}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;

\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;

\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;


2/38

\red0\green0\blue0;}\viewkind1\viewscale100\margl0\margr0\margt0\margb0\deftab80\dntblnsbdb\expshrtn\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg1}{\bkmkend Pg1}\par\pard\ql \li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb0\sl-322\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5071\sb204\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs28 Pakistan\u8217?s National Emigration Policy\par\pard\ql \li6905\sb28\sl-310\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 A Review\ul0\super\cf2\f3\fs27 \u8727? \par\pard\ql \li6535\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li6535\sb165\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 Maqsood Ahmad Jan \par\pard\ql \li6369\ri2947\sb242\sl-260\slmult0\tx6836 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Policy Paper Series # 35 \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 December 2010 \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\

sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-207\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb87\sl-207\slmult0\tx1872 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf8\f9\fs19\ul0\super\cf8\f9\fs18 \u8727? \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs18 I am thankful to Dr. Tasneem Siddiqui of Refugee and Migratory Movements Research Unit(RMMRU), \par\pard\qj \li1871\ri1270\sb0\sl-210\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charsca

lex100 Bangladesh; Piyasiri Wickremasekera, International Migration Program, ILO, Switzerland; and Jean-Pierre \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Cassarino, EuropeanUniversity Institute, Italy for their valuable time for discussions on policy issues that \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 helped me in understanding the various dynamics of global migration. This review could not have been \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 possible without the financial assistance of the National Center ofCompetence in Research (NCCR) North\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 South, Transversal Package Project \u8216?From vulnerability to resilience.\u8217?

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1440\shptop13732\shpright4320\shpbottom13752\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz85\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}

{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg2}{\bkmkend Pg2}\par\pard\qj \li1440\sb0\sl-250\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\sb0\sl-250\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\sb0\sl-250\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\sb0\sl-250\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\sb0\sl-250\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\ri1255\


3/38

sb244\sl-250\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs22All rights reserved. No part of this Policy Paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or information storage and \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb2\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 A publication of the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI). \par\pard\qj\li1440\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\ri1257\sb242\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The opinions expressed in the paper are solely those of the author, and publishing them does notin \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 any way constitute an endorsement of the opinion by the SDPI. \par\pard\qj \li1440\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\ri2209\sb220\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Sustainable Development Policy Institute is an independent, non-profit research institute on \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 sustainable development.\par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb21\sl-253\slmult0 \up0\expndtw-4\charscalex100 2010 by the Sustainable Development Policy Institute \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb1\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Edited by: Sarah S. Aneel \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb1\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100

First Edition: December 2010 \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb239\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Mailing Address: PO Box 2342, Islamabad, Pakistan. \par\pard\qj \li1440\ri5088\sb2\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Telephone + (92-51) 278134, 278136, 277146, 270674-76 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Fax + (92-51) 278135, URL: www.sdpi.org \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\s

l-240{\bkmkstart Pg3}{\bkmkend Pg3}\par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb112\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs24 Table of Content \par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb11\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tldot\tx9792 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 Abstract ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ...1\par\pard\li1440\sb253\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tldot\tx9792 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 Section 1 ...\tab \up0\expndtw-3\charscalex100 ...2\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-252\slmult0\fi0\tx2159\tldot\tx9856 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 1.1\tab \up0\expndtw-3\charscalex100 Historical and Current Relevance ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ..2\par\pard\li1440\sb1\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx2159\tldot\tx9920 \

up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1.2\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Context ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .2\par\pard\li1440\sb1\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx2159\tldot\tx9796 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1.3\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Rationale ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ...5\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx2159\tldot\tx9796 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1.4\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Analytical Framework ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ...5\par\pard\li1440\sb253\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tldot\tx9792 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 Section 2 ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ...6\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-252\slmult0\fi0\tx2159\tldot\tx9857 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 2.1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\char


4/38

scalex100 Overview of the Policy...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ..6\par\pard\li1440\sb1\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx2159\tldot\tx9795 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2.2\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Policy Background ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ...6\par\pard\li1440\sb1\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx2159\tldot\tx9917 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2.3\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Current Challenges and Future Prospects ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .7\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-252\slmult0\fi0\tx2159\tldot\tx9795 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex1002.4\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Future Strategies ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ...8\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb2\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tldot\tx9792 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs22 Section 3 ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .14\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-252\slmult0\fi0\tx2160\tldot\tx9797 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 3.1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Critical Assessment of thePolicy ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .14\par\pard\li1440\sb1\sl-253\slmult0\fi720\tldot\tx9673 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 3.1.1 Protection ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ...\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 14\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-252\slmult0\fi720\tldot\tx9670 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 3.1.2 Emigration Management System and Supportive Mechanisms ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ...\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 16\par\pard\li1440\sb2\sl-253\slmult0\fi720\tldot\tx9793 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 3.1.3 Extension of Migration Development to Micro Level ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 17\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\par\pard\li1440\sb1\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tldot\tx9792 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\

cf12\f13\fs22 Section 4 ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .18\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-252\slmult0\fi0\tldot\tx9672 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs22 Conclusion and the Way Forward ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ...18\par\pard\li1440\sb1\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx2160\tldot\tx9736 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 4.1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Scope of the Issue ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ..18\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-252\slmult0\fi0\tx2159\tldot\tx9796 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 4.2\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Policy Coherence ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .18\par\pard\li1440\sb2\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx2159\tldot\tx9796 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 4.3\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Re-Assessment of Strategies...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 .19\par\pard\li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tx2160\tldot\tx9734\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 4.4\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Strengthening the Implementation Process ...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ..19\par\pa

rd\li1440\sb253\sl-253\slmult0\fi0\tldot\tx9730 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 References...\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 ..21\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg4}{\bkmkend Pg4}\par\pard\qj \li1440\sb0\sl-273\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\sb0\sl-273\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\sb0\sl-273\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\sb0\sl-273\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\sb0\sl-273\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1440\ri1239\sb130\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs24 The Sustainable Development Policy Institute is an independent, non-profit, non-government \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 policy research institute, meant to provide expert advice to the government (at all levels), \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 public interest and political organizations, and the mass media. It is administered by an \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 independent BoG: \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb31\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf14\f15

\fs22 Board of Governors: \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1440\sb14\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs22 Dr. Saeed Shafqat \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f16\fs22 Chairman of the Board \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri4255\sb38\sl-506\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs22 Mr. Shafqat Kakakhel \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Syed Naveed Qamar \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Mr. Etrat H. Rizvi \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Dr. Qasim Jan \par\pard\ql \li1440\ri3778\sb135\sl-360\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Ms Roshan Khursheed Bharucha \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Dr. Abid Q. Suleri \par\pard\ql \li1440\sb1\sl-238\slmult0 \up


5/38

0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f16\fs22 Executive Director, SDPI \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg5}{\bkmkend Pg5}\par\pard\ql \li1886\sb0\sl-402\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1886\sb0\sl-402\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1886\sb0\sl-402\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1886\sb0\sl-402\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1886\sb0\sl-402\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1886\sb158\sl-402\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex97 \ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs35 Pakistan\u8217?s National Emigration Policy - A Review \par\pard\ql \li4847\sb0\sl-264\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4847\sb8\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf17\f18\fs23 Maqsood Ahmad Jan \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb9\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs23 Abstract \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb5\sl-268\slmult0\fi0\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 Globally, policiesregulating cross border movements have changed extensively. During last few \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 decades, the global labor market maneuvering dueto internal and external economic shocks, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 political resentments in hosting countries and changing skill demands drasticallyinfluenced the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 labor immigration policies ofreceiving countries. Once encouraging expatriates by opening their \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 borders, now the labor hosting countries consider their immigration levels very high and are \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 attempting to lower the numbers of \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8216?un-wanted\u8217? expatriate workers by making working \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1214\sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 environments un-attractive for immig

rant workers already employed. This situation has led to \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 negative implications for the living as well as working conditions of immigrant workers, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 especially those with limited education and low level skills. These conditions are particularly \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 affecting a large segment of Pakistani emigrant workers,mainly in Gulf countries. \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1212\sb265\sl-270\slmult0 \up0\expndtw0\charscalex102 However, despite all these difficulties, remittances sent by Pakistani emigrant workers are a \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 majorsource of this country\u8217?s economic life line. Yet, evidence also shows negligible progress in \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 the lives of emigrants\u8217? families who are left behind and lack of government development \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 initiatives to acknowledge their hardships. There need to be substantial changes in national \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex1

00 policies and management systems for better protection of the vulnerable in the migration process. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1214\sb8\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 In this context, this paper aims to evaluate Government of Pakistan\u8217?s proposed National \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Emigration Policy (GoP 2009) to assess the extent of the policy compliance with the rights and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 concerns of emigrants and their family members. The structure of this paper consists of four \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 main sections. \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs23 Section \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 provides briefly the global and specifically Pakistani emigration \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1212\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 scenario. Furthermore, in this section information on vulnerabilities of emigrants and their \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 families also gives an in

sight about the current situation. The contents of this part are important \line\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 as they set the scene for the construction of theanalysis for the review of Pakistan\u8217?s Emigration \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Policy draft. \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs23 Section 2 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 of this review provides overview of forthcoming policy. The three sub-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 sections categorically outline the genesis/rationale for the Emigration Policy formulation and \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 specifics about the current and future emigration prospects and strategies for intending Pakistani \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 emigrants with protection and welfare measures for emigrants and their family members. \ul0\n


6/38


7/38

ment. During the past century, transnational migration witnessed several waves \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of migrant flows resulting mainly from economic development and conflicts. At present, almost \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 half of the worldwide migrants are economically active in the global economy(Thieme et al. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2009). In this two way process, sending countries benefit from remittances and return of skilled \line \up0\expndtw-3\charscalex100 migrants, while receiving countries benefit from the services of immigrant workers. Currently in \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the international migration discourse, the role of economic development has gainedgreater \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb88\sl-195\slmult0\tx1820 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf25\f26\fs18\ul0\super\cf25\f26\fs17 1 \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 The Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment (BEOE) is part of the Ministry of Labor and Manpower \par\pard\qj \li1820\ri1261\sb1\sl-200\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 and is responsible for promoting and regulating labor migrationfrom Pakistan. Labor migrants departing to \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100international destinations are recorded by the Bureau and their collected data is available. According to BEOE, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 since 1971till \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2008, around 4 million male workers preceded abroad. The other forms of migrants, like \par\pard\qj \li1820\ri1250\sb1\sl-200\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 permanent and temporary visitors and students etc., are recorded by the officials of Ministry of Interior atthe \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 point of departure and the Pakistani missions

working abroad. The data collected through these mediums is \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 generally not available to the public (Gazdar 2008). \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb115\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 2

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}

{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1400\shptop12915\shpright4201\shpbottom12935\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz264\shplid1{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2801}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2801,20);(2801,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg7}{\bkmkend Pg7}\par\pard\ql \li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb94\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Policy Paper Series # 35 \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1214\sb252\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs


8/38

23 importance. The persistent income and demographic disparities between rich and poor countries \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 is the main reason behind the international mobility of economically motivated migrants. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-269\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb4\sl-269\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Despite its economic pros, the migration process also possesses various cons for its stakeholders. \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 In host countries, immigration is often viewed as the potential reason behind unemployment and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 reduced wages for the local labor force (Borjas 2009). Political resentment of host populations \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 and changing labor demands over the last few decades have largely influenced the immigration \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 policies and migrationmanagement systems of major labor hosting regions. The European Union \line \up0\expndtw-1\charscalex100 legislative efforts are aiming at facilitating and accelerating only the admission of highly \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 qualified workers for the purpose of employment on short-term basis. Besides strict border \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 control, to curb irregularimmigration, EU is imposing sanctions against employers to reduce the \line \up0\expndtw0\charscalex100 employment available to illegally staying persons (OECD2000). This is also happening in the \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 UnitedStates and United Kingdom where immigration policies are being redesigned to integrate \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 economic, security and social concerns that have arisen during the last few decades (Powers \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 2004; Hampshire and Saggar \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 2006). This situation is even more prevalent in the Gulf \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri12

12\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Cooperation Council (GCC) states, the third largest region of immigration after North America \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 and Europe and host to the largest short-term contract labor immigrants (AMC 2005). The \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 motivation behind GCC states restrictive policies is that expatriates are now outnumbering the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 local population and workforce. The aim of their policies is toreduce the demand and supply of \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 foreign workers (Shah 2005). \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1211\sb263\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 The after effects of these policies are adverse on the vulnerable groups, like migrants with less \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 education and skills (ILO 2006). Also, the consequences of current policy changes are resulting\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 in clandestine immigration of non-qualifiedmigrants towards developed regions surpassing \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscal

ex100 immigration through legal channels. In addition, the reservation of rightto work only for highly \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 qualified workersis also increasing the volume of un-authorized migrants who eventually\line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 become illegal after entering legally in these countries (OECD 2007). The post 9/11 situation and \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 War against Terror increased the insecurity of migrants within host countries. These migrants are \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 being identified as security threats in most of the developed countries. US immigration \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 authorities detain asylum seekers, torture survivors, and victims of human trafficking, long time \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 lawful permanent residents and parents of US citizen children. Detainees often suffer from \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 human rights violations, like non-access to attorneys, relatives and other forms of assistance \line

\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 during detention, that are serious violations of international human rights law (AI 2009). During \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the year 2006, US immigration officials apprehended over 1.2 million immigrants, detained over \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 250,000 and removedover 1.3 million individuals from United States in violation of US \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 immigration laws (Terrazas 2008). The implications of restrictive policies are more adverse in \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Gulf Cooperation States where low wages, high costs of work visa and withdrawal of social \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 protection for migrant workers become precedents for discouraging expatriate workers (Shah \line \up0 \expndtw-5\


9/38

charscalex100 2005). \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb8\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Currently, an estimated7 million Pakistani are livings on permanent, temporary or illegal basis \line\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 in different parts of the world (Hamdani 2006). Both the diaspora in developed countries and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 labor migrants working, on short-term, non-permanent basis in developing regions are \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 experiencing troubled times. Thenature of their problems vary from region to region and are \par\pard\ql \li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb148\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 3

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg8}{\bkmkend Pg8}\par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0

\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb94\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Pakistan\u8217?s National Emigration Policy-A Review \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb237\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 subject to their status. In developed countries,securitization of migration resulted in substantial \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 restrictions on Pakistani diaspora from accessing their basic rights. While the decline in low \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 skilled labor demandand expatriate workers discouragement strategies in Gulf countries \line\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 confronts millions of Pakistani workers (at present half of our migrant work force in Gulf \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Co

operation Council states are uneducated and unskilled) forcing them to come under indefinite \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 contracts or to become illegalin their host country. During 2003-04, more than 60,000 Pakistani \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 migrants were deported back from different countries due totheir illegal status (Arif 2008; \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 PILDAT 2008). \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb4\sl-268\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 On the other hand, the conditionsin the home country are also unfavorable for intending \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 migrants. Before departure the irregularities mainly due to complex migration management \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 system delays, over exploitationby recruiters, involvement of organized human trafficking \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 networks are very common (LHRLA 2007). Poor human development conditions in the major \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 migrant sending areas with limited

coverage of migrant and their families welfare initiatives are \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 another phenomenon of distress for the migrants and their families (GoNWFP 2002). There is \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 also evidence of adverse social implications of male emigration on families who are left behind. \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 A research study by SDPI reveals that the major labor migrantsending areas in northern Pakistan \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 are drasticallylacking basic infrastructure, such as roads, schools, and health facilities. At\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 household level, while labor migration enables sending households in covering basic livelihood \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 needs,however, the absence of males often leads to increase in vulnerabilities of the


10/38

female \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 family members in the form of mobility restrictions, no control over remittances and lack of \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100knowledge and access to government facilities (SDPI 2010). \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb8\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 In response to the current and future challenges, globally safe and beneficial migration has been \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 receiving more attention at the policy level than ever before. Many intra and inter regional\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 dialogue and support initiatives are in progress among sending and receiving countries, UN \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 agencies and civil society organizations (ILO 2006). One good example is theAfrican Union\u8217?s \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Draft Strategic Framework for a Migration Policy for Africa. The framework is designed for \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 developing a coordinated emigration policy based on common priorities of African nations by \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 coveringissues ranging from rights protection to migration and development (AU 2005). \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb5\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Many labor-sending countries have also alteredtheir emigration strategies to grasp fully the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 economic benefits acknowledging the importance of protection of the emigrant\u8217?s rights in policy \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 agendas. Philippines is pioneer in protection of its emigrant workers where government \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 authorities often suspend or cease the deployment of workers tocertain countries in cases of \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 repeated abuse. Furthermore, emigrants were provided access to international saving accounts, \up0 \

expndtw0\charscalex102 low cost remittance transfers and incentives for investments (Agunias 2008). Pakistan also \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 developed a proactive emigration institutional infrastructure to deal with the labor emigration\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 with the aim of providing better services to overseas Pakistanis and their dependants with multi\up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 pronged strategies. Many welfare programs have been formulated according to the needs of the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 emigrants and their families, including health and education facilities for the emigrant \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 dependants and pensions programs. To support the emigrants\u8217? interests abroad, Community \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Welfare Attachs (CWAs) are deputed to maintain close links with emigrants to help resolve \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 their problems and grievances (OPF 2009). \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-19

5\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb148\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100\ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 4

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}

}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg9}{\bkmkend Pg9}\par\pard\ql \li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb94\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Policy Paper Series # 35 \par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb257\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx2101 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs231.3\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Rationale\par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1212\sb261\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 Despi


11/38

te the existence of institutional infrastructure for protection and welfare, most of the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Pakistani emigrants and their families are faced with exploitation that expose gaps in the existing \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 legal and institutional frameworks and demands special attention. The purpose of this review is \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 to analyze the Governmentof Pakistan\u8217?s forthcoming National Emigration Policy for compliance \up0\expndtw0\charscalex103 with the rights of migrants and their families, at the policy and practical level, related to the \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 design,implementation, benefits and expected challenges ahead. \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1213\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Furthermore analysis at this stage is important and timely as the National Emigration Policy has \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 been tabled for a final review and formal approval before thelegislative houses, National \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Assembly and Senate. Issues raised in this review will help in generating debate among\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 stakeholders, particularly policy makers and members of both legislative house members to \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 assess anddiscuss the challenges of producing a highly skilled human resource and protecting its \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 emigrant workers and their families from any form of exploitation during the emigration cycle in \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 this policy draft before its final approval. \par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb9\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx2101 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs23 1.4\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 AnalyticalFramework\par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1212\sb245\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 The analysis framework for this review is d

eveloped after thorough assessment of the situation \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104faced by Pakistani emigrants and their families. That signifies attention to the core issues of \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 protection, revision of regulating policies and infrastructures development needed to meet \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 current and new challenges of international emigration and theexpansion of emigration benefits \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 at the micro levels. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb4\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Based on this, the analysis will focus onthe three thematic areas, \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs23 (a)\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 how the \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 protection \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 emigrants and their families will be insured in this policy? \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs23 (b)\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 What strategies have been \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 propo

sed for the improvement of emigrant management system \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 efficacy\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 and \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 preparedness\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 for \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100dealing with current and future emigration challenges? \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs23 (c)\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 What strategies have been proposed \line\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 for the extension of emigration \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 development\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 at the micro level? These indicators are broad in \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 nature and would tryto encompass the major steps involving the cyclical process of emigration, \line\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 while reviewing the viability of both structural and functional approaches suggested in the \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 proposed policy. \par\pard\ql \li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0

\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb53\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 5


12/38

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg10}{\bkmkend Pg10}\par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb94\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Pakistan\u8217?s National Emigration Policy-A Review \par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-310\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb210\sl-310\slmult0\fi3775\tx6576 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf23\f24\fs27 Section\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 2\par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb14\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx2101 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs23 2.1\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Overview of the Policy\par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1212\sb251\sl-268\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0

\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 The Emigration Policy can be divided into three majorparts on the basis of its contents. \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 Part \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 one, \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs23 Policy Background\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 consists of three chapters that provide backgroundinformation about \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Pakistan\u8217?s economicscenario with a focus on its population and labor force, followed by a \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 detailed summary of different aspects of overseas emigration from Pakistan. \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 Part two, \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs23 Current \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Challenges and Future Prospects,\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 comprises of fourth and fifth chapters, which provide a \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 situation analysis of currentinternal and external challenges, impeding safe emigration process. \line \up0\expndtw-1\charscalex100 Further, this section also explores briefly the prospec

ts for increasing emigrants in existing and \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100other future markets. \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 Part three, \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs23 Future Strategies,\ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 explains in detail the strategies and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 implementing mechanisms proposed for promoting emigration, protecting emigrants, female \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 emigration, remittance management and restructuring and development of regulation and welfare \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 setups. \par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb32\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx2101 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs23 2.2\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Policy Background\par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1213\sb252\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 This part of the Policy gives a background on the importance of emigration in global economic \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 developmen

t. It further elaborates that sending countries benefit not only from foreign exchange \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 inflow, but also the knowledge and skills brought back as human capital by the returning \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 emigrants. Based on this notion, the Policy stresses on the need of cooperation and multilateral \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 approaches between governments of sending and receiving countries for open and flexible \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 policies and adequate and transparent mechanisms that helps the free movement of labor. Also, it \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 stresses on the importance ofcivil society, trade unions and the private sector in the dialogues/ \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 interactions amongst the various stakeholders for info


13/38


14/38

up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 with overseas demand and language proficiency, diplomatic efficiency for progressive labor \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 marketing,remittances transfers and productive utilization, protection of the rights of emigrants, \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 irregular emigration, the nativization policy, health and HIV/AIDS. \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb255\sl-264\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The Policy considers lack of information as a challenge in terms of in-sufficient information \par\pard\li1400\sb24\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx2712\tx3987\tx5382\tx6435\tx8149\tx8761\tx10157 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 regarding\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 returning\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100emigrants,\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 gender\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 desegregation\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 emigrants,\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 job\par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1261\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 opportunities/options/descriptions for intending emigrants and about emigrants\u8217? health. It also \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 points to the gaps in collecting, collating and analyzing information required for strengthening \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 orientation/briefing to the prospective emigrants, timely response to emergencies, development \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 programs, projects and immigration policies. Further, it also identifies the missing role of other \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 stakeholders, especially associations of emigrant workers in guiding prospective emigrants and \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 advocating for their rights. \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1260\sb258\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 The high cost of emigration and the absence of a formal system of emigration financing is \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 another major concern of the Policy. It

identifies an increasingly competitive environment for \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Overseas Employment Promoters in seeking work opportunities; involvement of sub\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 agents/middlemen; and the absence offormal financial support as being the main reasons behind \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the exorbitant increase in emigration costs, forcing potential emigrantsto borrow from informal \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 sources or sell assets tofinance the cost of emigration. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb1\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Technical and language skills that commensurate with labor market demands of the receiving \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 countries are the main thrust of the proposed Policy. It highlights the need of institutions that \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 exclusively impart country and sub-region specific technical and vocational education training to \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the foreign work aspirants who often

do not match the required skills and hence face difficulties \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 in obtaining and retaining their jobs. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-267\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1259\sb6\sl-267\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 To deal with the country\u8217?s unemployment and under employment problems, the Policy considers \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 current actions and policies below the desired level and calls for the development of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 employment and HRD led macro and sectoral policies for tapping the employment potential \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 overseas. The Policy also suggests coordinated and integrated responses to strengthen and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 streamline institutional mechanisms with the support of pro-active diplomatic channels for \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 promoting the emigration of Pakistani women and men. For this purpose,the mediums identified \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 are: enhanced role of

Pakistani foreign missions in showcasing Pakistani workforce, particularly \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 of the community welfare\ul0\nosupersub\cf27\f28\fs23 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 attachs for the promotion of emigration andprotection of Pakistani \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 emigrants. The Policy also considers streamlining the process of labor agreements or \par\pard\ql \li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb148\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 7

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\sh


15/38

pbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg12}{\bkmkend Pg12}\par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb94\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Pakistan\u8217?s National Emigration Policy-A Review \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1259\sb234\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 memorandum of understanding (MOUs) important indeveloping and strengthening avenues of \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 safe emigration and also agreeing upon a framework for protecting the rights of working women \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and men. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1260\sb4\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Remittance management in terms of inflow channels and its uses at the micro-levelis also \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 another focus of this Policy. It consider

s non-availability/non-responsiveness of formal banking \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 institutions in the important destination countries a reason for the reliance of the Pakistani \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 emigrants in utilizing the informal mode of money transaction system due to its approachable, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 cheaper and faster service. Lack of proper guidance of productive utilization of remittances at \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 micro-level is anotherarea of concern. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1260\sb19\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The Policy also exposesthe hostilities faced by the Pakistani emigrant workers in their \up0

\expndtw0\charscalex100 destination countries. Instances of non- implementationor breach of contractual agreement by \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 employers,non-provision of legal and social protection are the common practices. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb6\sl-268\slmult0 \up

0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Various forms of irregular migration, like trafficking, smuggling, use of social visit visa for the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 purpose of employment, non-renewal of passport or even employment visa and over stayin the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 host country and deportation of Pakistani emigrant workers from their host countries are \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 increasing the vulnerability of victims and also defaming the country globally. Although there \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 exist legal and institutional frameworks for controlling the irregularities in the emigration \up0\expndtw-3\charscalex100 system, the situation is still challenging for management authorities. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1214\sb8\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The situation in Gulf regionafter the introduction of nativization policy is also a major concern \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 in the new policy reform process. The GoP has demanded atte

ntion at two levels, first a thorough \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 assessment ofdemographic profile and HRD policies of the Gulf countries; and second, it \up0\expndtw-2\charscalex100 recommends evolving a strategy for making inroads in countries of other region. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb1\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Lack of proper access to health and HIV/AIDS preventive services and information before \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 departure or after arriving at their destination country makesexpatriate workers vulnerable. In \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 case of seriousillness and HIV/AIDS infection they often face deportation carrying the risk of\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 subsequent infection to their partners after


16/38

their repatriation. Further, the imposition of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106mandatory HIV testing for emigrants is causing serious rights violations and sothe Policy \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 demands a cooperative mechanism amongst the labor sending and receiving countries for \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 reducing the vulnerabilities of infected emigrants and their families.\par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb8\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Based on a thorough assessment of future labor demands in the international labor markets and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 with the hope of liberalization of Mode IV (movement of natural persons) under theGeneral \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Policy \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 callsfor international market oriented policies and institutions to seize

the potential \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 opportunities. Being aware of the fact that demands for highly-qualified labor might be able to \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 create deficiency in the local employment sector, this Policy draft recommends that first priority \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 be accorded to thoseoccupations where we have excess supply. \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0\par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb103\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 8

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0

{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg13}{\bkmkend Pg13}\par\pard\ql \li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb94\sl

-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 PolicyPaper Series # 35 \par\pard\li1400\sb0\sl-264\slmult0\par\pard\li1400\sb257\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx2101 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs23 2.4\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Future Strategies\par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1212\sb261\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 The third and final part of the Emigration Policy includes a number of steps under consideration \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 for promoting emigration andalso for safeguarding the interests of emigrant workers. These \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 initiatives are based on the current and future challenges that arebriefly mentioned in the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 previous section. These steps can be grouped under: promoting emigration; protecting the rights \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 of emigrants; movement under WTO Mode IV; and plans for female emigration (which was \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 totally undermined in the

past). \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1211\sb4\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 For \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 promoting emigration\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 in a safe and secure environment, the Policy suggests a number of \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 measures including aggressive marketing in traditional and non-traditional labor markets through \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 state delegates and foreign missions, job fairs by showcasing Pakistan\u8217?s educational and \line \up0\expndtw-2\charscalex100 Technical Education and Vocational Training (TVET) institutions, enhanced role of community \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 welfareattachs and bilateral accords for securing quotas. For reducing costs,


17/38

the Policy \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 recommends an upward revisionof the legal fee charged by an overseas employment promoter \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 for the services provided by carefully reviewing his/her operational cost in seeking employment \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 visas overseas, and developing a mechanism for financing emigration - may be through banks at \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 low mark-ups with the support of the Ministry of Finance (MoF) and State Bank of Pakistan \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (SBP). Considering importance of overseas employment promoters in promoting emigration, the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Policy also suggests performance awards, authorization of appointing sub agents and support in \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 acquiring travel documents. Simplification of emigration procedures is another area of concern \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 for easing the emigration process. For this, the Policy proposes establishment of one-stop-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 centers/overseas Pakistanis complex as a facilitation center initially in five major cities for \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 intending emigrants seeking services like job information, identification and travel documents, \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 medical test, purchase of air ticket, briefing/orientation about the destination country, language\line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 training, verification of certificates/documents, skill training, trade testing and registering as an \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 intending emigrant. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb1\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 A consortium comprising of National Vocational and Technical Education Commission\line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (NAVTEC), provincial Technical Education an

d Vocational Training Authorities (TEVTAs) and \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 National Training Bureau \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 (NTB) and Bureauof Emigration and Overseas Employment \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1214\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 (BE&OE) with the support of Overseas Employment Corporation and Overseas Employment \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Promoters will take initiative to establish technical training centers for imparting short and long \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 duration programs- largely under public-private partnership \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 - in different cities, some \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1211\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 exclusively for women, to impart skills development ontrades in demand overseas in \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 collaboration with countries of destination to establish their minimum requirements, in particular \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 for skilled occupations. Further, mechanism and

strategies will be developed for the accreditation \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100of these technical centers from internationally recognized agencies dealing with skill assessment, \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 trade testing and certification. Special emphasis will be also given to basic language knowledge \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 required in host countries for emigrant workers at minimal costs. \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1212\sb254\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 The \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 emigrant\u8217?s protection\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 will be secured through various channels covering the whole \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 emigration cycle. \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 In country\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 for awareness raising of intending emigrants about safe emigration, \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 campaigns through media, counseling centers will be launched. Foreign employment exchanges \par\pard\ql \li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\

slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10406\sb147\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 9

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}


18/38

{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg14}{\bkmkend Pg14}\par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb94\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Pakistan\u8217?s National Emigration Policy-A Review \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb237\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 with intending emigrants\u8217? database will also be established for linking recruiting agencies and \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 employers in an accountable and transparent way. Recruitmentprocess through overseas \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 employment promoters will be vigilantly checked for controlling fraudulent and overcharging \line\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 practices. Before departure, emigrants will be educated about basic health, prevention and access \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 to health services especially in countries of their destinations. The existing emigrants\u8217? life \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 insurance programswill be supplemented with health coverage to protect emigrants from serious \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 ailments. In the \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 countries of destination,\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 emigrants will be duly registered at their local foreign \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 missions. Pa

kistani embassies/missions, the concerned officials, particularly community welfare \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 attachs will be available around the clockfor addressing the emigrants\u8217? problems. Besides in \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 country briefings, emigrants will be again de-briefed on their rights in the host country, informed \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 of the local conditions and the laws of and legal support available in the host country. Alegal \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 support mechanism will also be developed for providing legal support to the workers in distress \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 in the country of work. At the policy level, a process of state-to-state bilateral accords or \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Memorandum of Understandings (exclusively framed on emigrant workers rights) will be \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 initiated for providing protection cover to emigrant workers in their host countries. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-267\slmult0

\par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1210\sb6\sl-267\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 ThePolicy also proposes speedy processing of emigrant complaint cases and recommends \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 streamlining the existing judicial infrastructure and procedures. The deportation of Pakistani \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 emigrants is a complex issue, as some of them are victims of trafficking, frauds and while many \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 are legal, they are forced to leave their destination countries. It recommends less punitiveactions \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 for deportees involved in violationof laws; and evolving facilitating mechanisms for providing \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 immediate relief and supporting forced deportees in perusal of their dues. Crisis Management \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 and Preparednessduring emergencies in host countries is also on the agenda of the Emigration \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Policy and it recommends formation of joint min

isterial task force for development of crises \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 management programs. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb8\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 The National Emigration Policy is also keenly focusing on preparations for \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 Mode IV of the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 WTO\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 . For exploring this avenue, the Policy stresses on aggressive trade diplomacy in WTO \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 developed member states for securing work opportunities for Pakistani emigrant workers. It also \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 recommends collective efforts among WTO developing state members for projecting and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 defending t


19/38

heir interests under this mode. To support all these initiatives, a Mode IV research \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 unit will be established in the Ministry of Labor and Manpower. This unit will operate in close \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 cooperation with the Ministry of Commerce (MoC) and Pakistan WTO mission in Geneva. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb5\sl-268\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 The most important feature of this part are the government plans for enhancing \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 female \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 emigration\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 , which was totally undermined in the past. The Policy stresses adopting multi-\line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 pronged strategies and mechanisms to mainstream women in the overall emigration process. In \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 this regard, a task force with the support of a Market Research, Facilitation and Information \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Center\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 (MRFIC) will be appointed to identify the bottlenecks and prospects of female \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 emigration. The Center will be also responsible for designing special programsfor skills \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 development and awareness about overseas employment. The Policy also proposes establishment \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of a Female Migration Resource Center (FMRC). Intending female emigrant will be trained and \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 briefed at the regional offices of the Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment (BE&OE). \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Specific rules will also be promulgated with special attention given to the protection of female \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\s

lmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb148\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 10

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}

}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg15}{\bkmkend Pg15}\par\pard\ql \li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li8593\sb94\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 PolicyPaper Series # 35 \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb241\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 emigrants. Awareness campaigns on safe female emigration, appointment of female community \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 welfare officers, vigilant monitoring of working and living conditions of female workers through \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Pakistani missions and communities and establishment of safe houses in the Pakistani missions \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 abroad are also suggested

by the Policy. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1213\sb5\sl-268\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 Re-Integration of return migrants\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 and \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 effective use of Pakistani diaspora resources\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 is an \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 important componentof this Emigration Policy. Keeping in view the Pakistani emigrant workers \line\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 temporary and short-term contractual status in their host countries, the Policy is looking to \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100develop diverse programs/strategies for the social and economic reintegration of returning \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 emigrants. These emig


20/38

rants will be provided with information about different investment, \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 employment and skill enhancement opportunities upon their arrival at all major airports. Another \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 focus would be on development of area-specific socio-economic re-integrationstrategies for \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 economic development, growthand employment generation by the establishment of Growth \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Triangles (GTs)\ul0\super\cf24\f25\fs23 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 and \u8216?Aik Hunar Aik Nagar Authority\u8217? (AHANA)\ul0\super\cf24\f25\fs23 3\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 in the high rate twenty labor-\line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 sending districts. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb4\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Special financing programs in consultation with the Ministry of Finance and State Bank of \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Pakistan \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 (SBP) have also been proposed to support returning emigrants and their family \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 members for undertaking business or self-employment activities. The Policy also encourages \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 emigrants to establish associations to advance the cause of Emigrant workers and their families \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 through lobbying for the protection oftheir rights and importantly, for developing mechanisms \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 for their re-integration. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb4\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf26\f27\fs23 Restructuring\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 and enhancing therole of Overseas Pakistanis Foundation (OPF) and Bureau of \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Emigration and Overseas Employment (BE&OE) is also under consider

ation in the Policy. The \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Policy is optimistabout the future continuation of the OPF welfare operations, and also about its\line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 expansion by providing various services related to the re-integration of returning emigrants. In \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 same way, the BE&OE will also be developing database and research capacities on returning \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 emigrants. \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb43\sl-195\slmult0\tx1820 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf25\f26\fs18\ul0\super\cf25\f26\fs17 2 \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Pakistan\u8217?s National Employment Policy (NEP) 2008 has stressed that development of rural areas and building \par\pard\qj \li1820\ri1260\sb0\sl-202\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 their linkages with urban centers to increase market access for rural products has prime importance

for \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 economic development, growth and employment generation in rural areas and surrounding small towns. To \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 achieve the goal of integrated rural development, it has proposed establishment of \u8220?Growth Triangles\u8221? (GTs). \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The basic idea behind the GTs is to integrate rural areas by coordinating activitiesranging from production to \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 marketing, repair and services through Integrated Rural Development Centers (IRDCs). The Employment Policy \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 has suggested establishment of: i) a Village Support Center (VSC) as the first tier of the GT in a cluster of 10-15 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 villages - ideally, in each Union Council, ii) a Multipurpose Industrial and Rural Development Support Center \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100(MIRDSC) in a cluster of 5-10 VSCs as the second tier, and iii) a Small/Mini Industrial Estate (S/MIE) in a cluster \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of 4-5 MIRDSCs

as the third tier. \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb4\sl-195\slmult0\tx1820 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf25\f26\fs17 3 \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 The NEP 2008 has also stressed tapping employment and income potential of over a hundred handicrafts. In \par\pard\qj \li1820\ri1245\sb1\sl-200\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 this regard, it has suggested creation of a dedicated institution namely the \u8216?Aik Hunar Aik Nagar Authority\u8217? \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 (AHANA). The AHANA will look intoissues related to each (handicraft) product and develop appropriate \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 strategies. The AHANA is also tasked in this Policy for the establishment of location- and product-specific state \up0 \expndtw0\chars


21/38

calex102 of the art Product Promotion and Support Centers (PPSCs) duly integrating provision of a range of services, \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 such as: product development, quality control, standardization, market linkages, related training including \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 entrepreneurship, and marketing both within the country and overseas. Women businesses, the Policy stresses, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 should be given special consideration in theseprocesses. The PPSCs should offer programs to educate men \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and women about marketing, entrepreneurship, cooperatives, etc. \par\pard\ql \li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li10309\sb115\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf22\f23\fs17 11

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1400\shptop10500\shpright4201\shpbottom10520\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz237\shplid1{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2801}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2801,20);(2801,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw11900\paperh16840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg16}{\bkmkend Pg16}\par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0

\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb94\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 Pakistan\u8217?s National Emigration Policy-A Review \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1214\sb234\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 The Policy intends to seek assistance from Pakistani missions in mobilizing the Pakistani \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 diaspora for building linkages with local academia and businesses for increasing employment \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 opportunities for emigrant workers and attracting foreign investment in Pakistan. This initiative \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 will be further strengthened by the establishment of a Cell and TaskForce based in the Ministry \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of Foreign Affairs with the support of Ministry of Labor and Manpower. \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1213\sb2

49\sl-272\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 To harness the economic benefitsof emigration, it suggests improvements in remittance transfer \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 channels by providing cost-effective and easily accessible remittance to emigrant workers. For \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 swift transfers andexpanded area coverage, it considers public-private partnerships and \up0\expndtw0\charscalex100 collaboration among stakeholders (employers, telephonecompanies and banking and financial \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 institutions) of vital importance for swift remittance transfers at minimum rates and expanded\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 geographic outreach. \par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1213\sb250\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 The Pakistani emigrant associat


22/38

ions will also be engaged for information dissemination and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 mobilization with regard to remittance channels, different investment options, and employment \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and income generation opportunities programs for emigrants and their families. The OPF in close \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 collaboration with the Board of Investment (BOI) will offer incentive packages like facilitating \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 investments, trade, business and enterprise creation to returning emigrant workers. Also, the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Policy has recommended recognizing the citizenship rights of overseas Pakistani diaspora to \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 keep theircontact intact with their homelands. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-268\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb4\sl-268\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 The National Emigration Policy considers strengthening of information, research and facilitation \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 systems pre-requisite for implementing the policy under-review. In the first step the existing \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Market Research Unit operating in BE&OE would be enabled to access information about \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 international labor markets. This unit willbe linked with the Labor Market Information System \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 (LMIS) proposed by the National Employment Policy\ul0\super\cf24\f25\fs23 4\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs23 and the Foreign Employment Exchanges \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 proposed by this Policy. Establishment of a Market Research, Facilitation and Information \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Center (MRFIC) will also support policy makers to collect and analyze the information on \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 different aspects of emigration - emigrants, return emigration andPakistani diaspora required for \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 viable strategies f

or increasing the share of Pakistani workers in international labor markets, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 programs for the re-integration of returning emigrants, information and awareness for better \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 employmentand safe emigration and capacity building. \par\pard\qj \li1400\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1400\ri1212\sb1\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 The National Emigration Policy\u8217?s coherence with the National Employment Policy for creating a \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 conducive environment for re-integration of returning emigrants demands for the implementation \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 of the wide range of measures suggested in the Employment Policy.\par\pard\qj \li1400\ri1213\sb251\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 The National Emigration Policy believes in regular interaction with countries andstakeholders \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 vital for building a collective stance for promoting safe emigration. It encourages participation in \line \up

0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 regional and international forums like InternationalLabor Organization (ILO) tripartite forum \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb122\sl-195\slmult0\tx1820 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf25\f26\fs18\ul0\super\cf25\f26\fs17 4 \tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs17 GoP 2008, \u8216?A Growth Oriented National Employment Policy,\u8217? Decent Work forAll \par\pard\qj \li1820\ri1253\sb1\sl-200\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \u8220?Bawaqar Rozgar Sub Kay Leeay\u8221? Growth, Labor and Manpower Division, Policy Planning Cell, Government of \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Pakistan,Islamabad, viewed in September 2009, \par\pard\ql \li1820\sb5\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 < http://www.lmis.gov.pk/publications/NEP.pdf> \par\pard\ql \li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb0\sl-195\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1400\sb116\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub

\cf22\f23\fs17 12

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1371\shptop1916\shpright10532\shpbottom1936\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz12\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 9161}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(9161,20);(9161,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\s


23/38

p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1

jan emigrationpolicyreview

Documents