jan visser
DESCRIPTION
safTRANSCRIPT
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Power Quality and
Renewables
2007 PCEA Conference
S&C Electric Company
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Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview
Overview of Large Inverter Technology How Large Inverters Work Overview of Large Inverter Applications Specific Applications for Large Inverters
Overview of Large Inverter Technology How Large Inverters Work Overview of Large Inverter Applications Specific Applications for Large Inverters
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Powerful Mega-Watt Size InverterPowerful Mega-Watt Size Inverter
IGBT Technology
High Frequency
PWM
Produces and/or alters an AC Sine Wave
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S&C TWO +1 MVAR Inverter BlocksS&C TWO +1 MVAR Inverter BlocksCommon Inverter can be Utilized for various Power Quality Applications:
Real Power Reactive Power (Capacitive or Inductive) Reactive & Real
Power Voltage Sag
Mitigation Power Factor
Correction Convert DC to AC
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Inverter to provide capacitive & reactive VARS:Inverter to provide capacitive & reactive VARS:
Through inverter function (DC to AC), the Through inverter function (DC to AC), the AC Inverter AC Inverter VoltageVoltage can be controlledcan be controlled
If Vinverter If Vinverter > VutilityVutility then then DSTDSTATCOM looks like a ATCOM looks like a capacitor on systemcapacitor on system
Vary Vary VacVac to control reactive power to control reactive power Vary phase angle to control real powerVary phase angle to control real power
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Inverter for Voltage Boost:Inverter for Voltage Boost:
Injects capacitive reactive current to boost voltage at the facility during a utility sag
Voltage is boosted across the source impedance
Injects capacitive reactive current to boost voltage at the facility during a utility sag
Voltage is boosted across the source impedance
Load CurrentLoad CurrentDSTATCOM Capacitive CurrentDSTATCOM Capacitive Current
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Inverter to provide voltage boost:Inverter to provide voltage boost:
Sag conditions Load at unity pf
Sag conditions Load at unity pf
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DSTATCOM TWO +1 MVAR Blocks
Utilized for various MV applications:C&I PQ
- MV UPS- Voltage Sags- Power Factor- Voltage Flicker
Wind- Power Factor- Voltage Mode- LVRT-ZVRT
SolarUtility Peak ShavingUtility Voltage Support
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PureWave Inverter Based SolutionsPureWave Inverter Based Solutions
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Distribution Static Compensator
(DSTATCOM) for Voltage Sags, Power Factor and Flicker Mitigation
DSTATCOM for Distributed Voltage Support Distributed Energy Storage System (DESS)
DSTATCOM + NaS DSTATCOM for Wind Farm Interconnect DSTATCOM for Photo Voltaic Interconnect DSTATCOM with Ultra Caps for Island Wind
Farms
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Distribution Static Compensator
(DSTATCOM) for Voltage Sags, Power Factor and Flicker Mitigation
DSTATCOM for Distributed Voltage Support Distributed Energy Storage System (DESS)
DSTATCOM + NaS DSTATCOM for Wind Farm Interconnect DSTATCOM for Photo Voltaic Interconnect DSTATCOM with Ultra Caps for Island Wind
Farms
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Medium-Voltage PureWave UPS Systems for C&I ApplicationsMedium-Voltage PureWave UPS Systems for C&I Applications
System from at 5 to 34.5 kV
Ratings from 2.0 to 16 MW
System from at 5 to 34.5 kV
Ratings from 2.0 to 16 MW
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Pharmaceutical 5 MVA to 7.5 MVA UPS at 4,160 VPharmaceutical 5 MVA to 7.5 MVA UPS at 4,160 V
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FAB Manufacturer15.0-MVA @12.47 kVFAB Manufacturer15.0-MVA @12.47 kV
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Rating: 2 x 10,000 kVA UPS @12.47 kVWith Source Transfer and Back-up Generation
4 2.1 MW Diesel Generators
Critical Power SystemCritical Power System
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S&C DSTATCOM for Dynamic VAR Support, PF, Flicker & Sag MitigationS&C DSTATCOM for Dynamic VAR Support, PF, Flicker & Sag MitigationWhy Inverter Based Compensator ?
DSTATCOM has fastest speed of response
DSTATCOM transient overload allows it to deliver > nameplate rating even for reduced system voltages
DSTATCOM operates down to 15% retained system voltage
DSTATCOM will operate at 0 voltage with external energy source
An inverters MVAR output decreases linearly with voltage
Why Inverter Based Compensator ?
DSTATCOM has fastest speed of response
DSTATCOM transient overload allows it to deliver > nameplate rating even for reduced system voltages
DSTATCOM operates down to 15% retained system voltage
DSTATCOM will operate at 0 voltage with external energy source
An inverters MVAR output decreases linearly with voltage
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DSTATCOM Dynamic Capability DSTATCOM Dynamic Capability
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00
Seconds
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Ouput Comparison SVC vs DSTATCOM with 330% Short Term Overload
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3
Voltage (p.u.)
M
V
A
R
DSTATCOM
SVC
DSTATCOM Dynamic Voltage Support DSTATCOM Dynamic Voltage Support
DSTATCOM MVAR Output
when needed most via high short termoverload capability
For transient / dynamicevents when needed most, the comparison is remarkable
DSTATCOM MVAR Output
when needed most via high short termoverload capability
For transient / dynamicevents when needed most, the comparison is remarkable
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SVC vs. DSTATCOMSVC vs. DSTATCOM
Range of Operation
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Distributed Energy Storage System (DESS) PUREWAVE DSTATCOM & NaS BatteryDistributed Energy Storage System (DESS)
PUREWAVE DSTATCOM & NaS Battery
Utility energy storage for peak shaving applications Ability to inject MWs of medium voltage energy
into grid during Peak Loading Ability to inject energy for up to 8 hours Recharge system during off peak hours Full cycle efficiencies of over 75% 15 year battery life
Utility energy storage for peak shaving applications Ability to inject MWs of medium voltage energy
into grid during Peak Loading Ability to inject energy for up to 8 hours Recharge system during off peak hours Full cycle efficiencies of over 75% 15 year battery life
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PureWave DESS Installation1.2Mw, 7.2MwH NAS BatteryPureWave DESS Installation1.2Mw, 7.2MwH NAS Battery
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Dynamic VARs from DESSDynamic VARs from DESS
VARs Available All the Time
Maximum Available VARs from a 1.2 MW DESS
-1,400-1,200-1,000
-800-600-400-200
0200400600800
1,0001,2001,400
1
2
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0
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4
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0
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6
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8
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0
0
P
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0
0
P
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Time of Day (example)
P
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kWATTS+/- kVARS
xCharge Period
Available VARS
Discharge Period
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Distributed Energy Storage System - NaSBattery Project 1 MW for 8 HoursDistributed Energy Storage System - NaSBattery Project 1 MW for 8 Hours
TransmissionSubstation
Commercial
Industrial
Wind Generation
DistributionSubstations
11stst Peak ShavingPeak Shaving22ndnd Load SeparationLoad Separation33rdrd Power QualityPower Quality
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DSTATCOM for Wind PlantDSTATCOM for Wind Plant
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DSTATCOM for Wind Farm Dynamic VARs and LVRT DSTATCOM for Wind Farm Dynamic VARs and LVRT
Feeder Feeder collectorscollectors
Sub station collection busSub station collection bus
HighHigh--voltage voltage gridgrid
DSTATCOMDSTATCOM
VISTAVISTA
VISTAVISTA
VISTAVISTAVISTAVISTA
VISTAVISTA
VISTAVISTA
S/CS/C
9 MVAR
S/CS/C
9 MVAR
S/CS/C
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Wind Farm +/-12/39 MVARWind Farm +/-12/39 MVAR+/-12/39 MVAR DSTATCOM-LV
Pad-mount transformers (2 MVA)MV Vista Feeding transformers
+/-6 MVAR Follower Enclosure
+/-6 MVAR Lead Enclosure (with control room)
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DSTATCOM Arrangement in ISO Enclosure
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Operation with Switched Capacitor BanksOperation with Switched Capacitor Banks
+16+16
00
--1616
DSTATCOM Output (MVAR)DSTATCOM Output (MVAR)
Switched Cap BanksSwitched Cap Banks
+60+60
+40+40
+20+20
00 Cap Bank 1Cap Bank 1
Cap Banks (All 20 MVARCap Banks (All 20 MVAR))Cap Bank 3Cap Bank 3
Total Continuous Output Total Continuous Output
DSTATCOM Short DSTATCOM Short Term Overload of Term Overload of 330% can be used 330% can be used instantaneously, instantaneously, anywhere along anywhere along curve to boost or curve to boost or buck VARs for 2 buck VARs for 2 seconds then backs seconds then backs down over the next down over the next 2 seconds to 100% 2 seconds to 100% outputoutput
Note: Cap Bank size Note: Cap Bank size must be less than the must be less than the range of the range of the DSTATCOM DSTATCOM (~75%)(~75%)
Cap Bank 2Cap Bank 2
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ESA Electronic Shock AbsorberESA Electronic Shock Absorber
DSTATCOM with real energy source Smooth out sudden power increases and decreases from the
wind farm to the utility grid Utilizes Ultra-capacitors to absorb or deliver power Ultra-capacitors are at 50% charge level Continuously manages power Injects real energy for up to 15 seconds Performs as a DSTATCOM for power factor and voltage
support providing capacitive or inductive reactive power Typically sized to be 15% to 25% of the wind farm MW
DSTATCOM with real energy source Smooth out sudden power increases and decreases from the
wind farm to the utility grid Utilizes Ultra-capacitors to absorb or deliver power Ultra-capacitors are at 50% charge level Continuously manages power Injects real energy for up to 15 seconds Performs as a DSTATCOM for power factor and voltage
support providing capacitive or inductive reactive power Typically sized to be 15% to 25% of the wind farm MW
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ESA Electronic Shock AbsorberESA Electronic Shock Absorber
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ESA Trailer LayoutESA Trailer Layout Energy StorageUltracapacitors
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DSTATCOM for Photovoltaic ApplicationsDSTATCOM for Photovoltaic Applications Photovoltaic devices use semiconducting materials to
convert sunlight directly into electricity. Solar radiation, which is nearly constant outside the
Earth's atmosphere, varies with changing atmospheric conditions (clouds and dust) and the changing position of the Earth relative to the sun.
Almost all U.S. regions have useful solar resources that can be accessed.
Photovoltaic devices use semiconducting materials to convert sunlight directly into electricity.
Solar radiation, which is nearly constant outside the Earth's atmosphere, varies with changing atmospheric conditions (clouds and dust) and the changing position of the Earth relative to the sun.
Almost all U.S. regions have useful solar resources that can be accessed.
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Photovoltaic ProjectPhotovoltaic Project
One major US developer is projecting 250MW of PV within three years.
The output of these large PV systems will be 600V tp 1000V DC
Small systems will be in the 300KW to 1 MW range Systems exist that are 40MW. Required output will be 480V 3 Phase AC
One major US developer is projecting 250MW of PV within three years.
The output of these large PV systems will be 600V tp 1000V DC
Small systems will be in the 300KW to 1 MW range Systems exist that are 40MW. Required output will be 480V 3 Phase AC
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10 MW Solar Park10 MW Solar Park
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12 MW Solar Park 12 MW Solar Park
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First Automatic Electric WindmillFirst Automatic Electric Windmill
Charles F. Brush built 1887-1888 Cleveland, Ohio 12,000 watt 144 blades - cedar 50Ft diameter charged batteries in
basement of house ran for 20 years Scientific American
Dec. 20, 1890
Charles F. Brush built 1887-1888 Cleveland, Ohio 12,000 watt 144 blades - cedar 50Ft diameter charged batteries in
basement of house ran for 20 years Scientific American
Dec. 20, 1890