janine geography sba

8/17/2019 Janine Geography Sba

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Geography

School

Based

Assessment

TITLE

What are some of the problems experienced by fishermen in the fishing industry in OldHarbour Bay, St !atherine and "hat strategies can be implemented to alle#iate these

problems$

FULL NAME: Janine Ayisha Bowen

SUBJECT: Geography

PROFICIENC: Genera!

SC"OOL: Con#en$ o% Mer&y A&a'e(y )ALP"A*

SUBMITTE+ TO: Mrs, Barha(

CENTRE-: .///00

REGISTRATION-:

TERRITOR: Ja(ai&a


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Table of Contents

Contents

Pages

Aim 1

Location of study area2 - 3

Methodology 4

Presentation of Data 5 - 15

Conclusion 16

i!liogra"hy 1#

A""endices$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$%$$$$$$$$$$1& - 2&


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AIMS


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%I&S

The aim of the study is to assess'

What are some of the problems faced by the fishing industry in Old Harbour Bay,

St !atherine$

What are some of the steps that can be ta(en to impro#e the fishing industry in Old

Harbour Bay, St !atherine$


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&ETHO)OLO*+

'n (o)em!er 3*+ 2*13+ a grou" of students from Al"ha Academy ,ent on field study in

'ld ar!our ay+ .t% Catherine%

/he data ,as collected using different methods% /hese included o!ser)ations+ 0uestionnaires and

an inter)ie, ,ith a re"resentati)e from the isheries Di)ision%

/hree 0uestionnaires ,ere drafted in order to collect the information% 'ne 0uestionnaire for the

fishermen+ another for )endors and the third for customers% /his ,as done to maimise on the

different information that each grou" of "ersons are a!le to gi)e%

e also made se)eral o!ser)ations and recorded ho, !usiness ,as conducted as ,ell as

taing se)eral "hotogra"hs% /he duration of this field study !egan ,hen ,e arri)ed in the fishing

)illage at a""roimately 5&am and ,e concluded our research at 5**"m%

7nformation ,as also garnered from tet!oos+ ne,s"a"er articles and the internet% hile

interacting ,ith the fishermen+ they ga)e us information "ertaining to their career and the issues

they face daily% /he 0uestionnaires ,ere issued out and e)eryone ,as )ery coo"erati)e in

ans,ering the rele)ant 0uestions and also+ the inter)ie, conducted ,ith the head of the fisheries

de"artment ga)e detailed information that guided me in the com"letion of this school !ased

assessment%


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FIS"ERME

N

1EN+ORS

CUSTOME

RS

-ESE.T%TIO. O/ )%T%

/he field study ,as carried out in the fishing )illage of 'ld ar!our ay to analy8e the

"ro!lems faced !y fishermen and the strategies that can !e im"lemented to alle)iate these

"ro!lems%

'ld ar!our ay is the largest fishing )illage in 9amaica and the most im"ortant "ersons

in)ol)ed in the distri!ution of fish are the fishermen to the )endors and then the customers%

ased on the sam"le collected+ the le)el of education for fishermen is at the secondary

le)el% o,e)er+ they are 0uite literate !ut rely hea)ily on their sill% Due to their le)el of

education+ some fishermen are )ulnera!le to !eing cheated thus they de"end on family or close

friends to hel" them in their !usiness%

ishing is a )ery e"ensi)e !usiness% 7ncreasing o"eration cost of mechani8ed !oats

maes fishermen una!le to finance their e"editions sometimes+ this includes fuel+ the "rice of

fuel is a significant factor !ecause it can decide the num!er of fishing e"editions%

As fishermen+ their !oats :see "late 1; are the most im"ortant item in the !usiness as

,ithout !oats they cannot fish% Ma


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these !oats are mechani8ed meaning that they ,or ,ith engines% /his is so !ecause of the long

distance they ha)e to tra)el to fish%

late 0' 1essels used by fishermen

/he ty"es of fishing methods used sho,ed that fishing !y "ot ,as the most "o"ular

follo,ed !y the use of net% /he line method+ as "ointed out !y the fishermen+ ,as mostly used

for recreational "ur"oses% Also+ the use of dynamite "oses a threat to the en)ironment es"ecially

that of coral reefs% 7t is recommended that dynamite should not used+ the "ot and net methods

only+ as this ,ill cause the immature fish to !e illed and damage to the reef is at a minimal%

Fishing Po$2 345

Line Me$ho'2 05

Ne$2 .65

+yna(i$e2 75

Dierent Fishing Methods


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late 2' The Line /ishing &ethod late 3' The .ets 4sed To &a(e /ishing ots

late 5' The different fishing methods used by fishermen

/he etent of fishing in the area is that the res"ondents !elie)e that the area in 'ld

ar!our ay is o)erfished% /hey ga)e se)eral reasons ,hy this is so% /he t,o most im"ortant

reasons are there are certain "laces at sea that gi)es you a good catch+ ho,e)er+ due to num!er of

fishermen fishing in this area+ the fishes does not get enough time to reach maturity% Also+

fishermen from other countries are fishing in our ,aters as ,ell% /his further more causes the

area to !e increasingly o)erfished% A suggestion to alle)iate this "ro!lem is that fishermen should


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use their no,ledge of the area and not to fish in one "lace too often !ut to see ne, areas

,ithin our !orders% Marine =eser)es can !e one "otential solution to the o)erfishing "ro!lem%

/he amount of time s"ent at sea+ ma


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igure 1 is a "ie chart that sho,s the ty"es of fish that is most fa)oured !y customers%

085

.85685

.85

Customers sh of choice

Parro$

+o&$or

Snapper

Gr9n$

/igure 0' Types of fish that is fa#oured by customers

/he demand for fish is another factor influencing the "rices% /he fall season is the "ea

season for catching fish% /he demand for fish in this season is )ery lo, so the "rices are as ,ell%

/he demand for fish in >aster is high !ut the su""ly is lo, so the "rices ,ill !e high%

/he 0uantity of fish is another factor ,hich influences the "rice of fish% 7f the fish is

"urchased in a larger 0uantity+ the "rices are negotia!le hence it ,ill !e sold at discounted "rices%

7f the fish is "urchases in a normal 0uantity+ it ,ill !e sold at the regular "rice%

/he customer grou"s "lay a )ital role in the industry% /hey "ro)ide a sure income for

)endors e)en ,hen there is scarcity of the "roduct% 'ld ar!our ay+ is a great influence on

customers ,ho tra)el there to "urchase fish on the !each !ecause of the 0uality of the fish%

:igure 2 sho,s the different reasons ,hy customers go to 'ld ar!our ay to "urchase fish;%


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:9a!i$y Fish2 845

Lower Pri&es2 ./5

C!ose Pro;i(i$y2 085

Fisher(an


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igure 3 indicates the most fre0uent "ro!lems and en)ironmental a!use faced !y fishermen%

>?5

045

.>5

0/5

Fre&uent problems ' en%ironmental abuse face by shermen

+9(ping in $he sea

Loss o% @sh po$s

Lea=age o% oi! in $he sea

+e&rease in @sh siAe

/ig 3' &ost fre7uent problems faced by fishermen

late 8' *arbage on the beach

Pollution is one of the ma


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ha!itat and "ose a threat to the gro,th of coral reefs% Pollution also results in the decrease of fish

si8e%

/here are also t,o "o,er "lants near to the 'ld ar!our ay ishing ?illage% /oic

chemicals from industrial acti)ities from these !arges+ if s"illed+ ,ould !e toic to marine life%

/o minimi8e this "ro!lem+ fishermen and com"anies must !e res"onsi!le and act accordingly to

dis"ose of their ,aste%

(atural disasters affect as ,ell as disru"ts the fishing !usiness as ma


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Assistance from the go)ernment is essential in hel"ing !oth fishermen and )endors%

Assistance recei)ed+ as stated !y fishermen+ ,as su!sidi8ed cost of fuel :see "late 6; to minimi8e

this "ro!lem% /hey also recei)ed igloos in ,hich their catch ,as stored ,hile others stated that

they recei)ed mesh ,ires to mae fishing "ots to aid in their !usiness%

)

late :' Sho"ing ho" fuel is stored

All res"ondents ,ere totalling a,are of fishing regulations set !y the isheries Di)ision%

.ome "ersons stated that they ne, of a !oundary ,hich ,as off limits as this ,as a fish

sanctuary ,here they !reed% Also+ they ,ere a,are that catching fish of a certain si8e ,as

"rohi!ited as ,ell as there is a "eriod that the season is closed for certain ty"e of fish+ such as

conch and lo!ster%

'f the )endors 0uestioned+ they stated that different grou"s of "ersons "ro)ide a maret

for their "roduct% /his is indicated in igure 4%


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Lo&a!s

"o$e!iers

Res$a9ran$s

/ ./ 0/ >/ 6/ 8/ 7/ 3/

(endor)s mar*et

/ig 5' the different types of customers

rom the !ar chart it can !e gathered that locals are the most customers ,ho "urchase the

fish from fishermen% .ome of customers "urchase fish for resale+ usage at their homes and

"re"aration at their food !usiness%

ish )ending is "rofita!le if there are enough consumers% /o gain or maintain a "rofit+ the

)endors "ractice strategies to ensure a good relationshi" ,ith the customers% 7f the customer is a

regular they ,ill sell to them at a discount "rice+ es"ecially if they are !uying in a large 0uantity%

?endors are no, !ecoming o,ners of fishing )essels so that they eliminate the fisherman

altogether%

/he "rice of fish also affects customers as it is tied in ,ith the "rice of fuel% uel "rices

ha)e !een fluctuating for the "ast fi)e years and as such the "rice of fish fluctuates ,ith it%

Although some of the times the fuel "rice goes do,n a little !ut it does not tricle do,n !ecause

of the e"enses associated ,ith the !usiness%


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their !usiness% /hey also informed of !reeding sanctuaries that ,ere set u" to hel" minimi8e the

"ro!lem of o)erfish and ha!itat destruction%


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BIBLIO*-%H+


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ailey+ % and Pem!erton+ P%% eogra"hy for CBC+ London /homas (elson and .ons+ 1&3

London+ (orrel+ A% and .enior+ M% Princi"les of eogra"hy for CBC+ London Longman

Cari!!ean+ 1*

ilson+ M% /he Cari!!ean >n)ironment+ (e, or 'ford ni)ersity Press+ 1#


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I.ST-4&E.TS 4SE) TO !OLLE!T )%T%

!o#er letter


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/isherman;s


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#% o, many times do you go to seaE

d%

a% 'nce "er ,ee

!% 2 F 3 times "er ,ee

c% 3 F 4 times "er ,ee

d% 4 F 5 times "er ,ee

e%

&% o, long do you stay at seaE

f%

a% 2 F 3 hours

!% 3 F 4 hours

c% 4 F 5 hours

d% ')er 5 hours

g%

% o, far from land do you fishEh%

i% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG


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13% hat changes ha)e you occurred o)er the "ast 1* years in fishing methodsE

t%

u% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

)%

,% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

%

y% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

8%

aa%

14% As a fisherman+ ,hat is your greatest concern regarding the fishing industryE

a!%

ac% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGG

ad%

ae% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

af%

ag% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

ah%

15% hat ste"s can !e taen to im"ro)e fishing in your areaE

ai%a


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as% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

at%

au% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

a)%

1#% hich of the follo,ing grou" "ro)ide the largest maret for your fishE

a,%

a% =esidents

!% otels and =estaurants

c% ?endors

d% 'thers :s"ecify;GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

1&% Do you ha)e sur"lusE 7f yes+ ho, is it storedE

a%

ay% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGG

a8%

1% /he "rice of gasoline is high+ ho, has this affected the "rice of fishE

!a%

!!% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

!c%

2*% hich of the follo,ing is the most fre0uent "ro!lem and en)ironmental a!use facedE

!d%

a% Dum"ing of gar!age in the sea !% Loss of fish "ots

c% Leaage of oil !y !oats in the sea

d% Decrease in the si8e of fish

!e%

21% 'ther than fishing+ ho, has this coastal area !een !eneficial to youE

!f%

a% De)elo"ment

!% >m"loyment

c% /ourism

d% =ecreation

!g%

22% a)e you recei)ed any assistance from the o)ernmentE 7f yes+ ,hat ind of assistance

and ho, it has hel"ed your !usinessE

!h%

!i% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG


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!


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cn%

co%

c"%

c0%

cr%

cs%

ct%

cu%

c)%

c,%

c%

cy%

c8%

da%

d!%dc%

dd%

de%

df%

dg%

dh% 1endors


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d"%

a% Locals

!% =estaurants

c% otels

d0%

5% hat do you use to determine the "rice of fishE

dr%

a% .easonal demand

!% .i8e of catch

c% Profit margin

ds%

6% hich ty"e of fish is "referred !y your customers and ,hyE

dt%

du% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG d)%

d,% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

d%

dy% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

d8%

#% hen do you sell the most fish and ,hyE

ea%

e!% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGG

ec%

ed% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

ee%

ef% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

eg%

&% hat ty"e of customers do you ha)eE

eh%

a% .easonal

!% =egular

ei%

% hat are some of the "ro!lems you e"erience as a )endorE

e


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e% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

el%

em% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

en%

eo% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

e"%

1*% here do you sell your fishE

e0%

a% 'n the !each in 'ld ar!our ay

!% 7n the maret at 'ld ar!our ay

c% >lse,here :s"ecify;GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

er%11% 7s there a grou" res"onsi!le to ee" the !each and maret cleanE Do you assistE

es%

a% es

!% (o

et%

12% 7f yes+ ho, often are the !each and maret cleanedE

eu%

a% >)eryday

!% 'nce "er ,ee

c% 2 times "er ,ee d% 3 times "er ,ee

e)%

13% Do you no, of any maret regulations set !y the isheries Di)isionE 7f yes+ ,hat are

theyE

e,%

e% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

ey%

e8% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

fa%

f!% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

fc%

14% a)e you recei)ed any assistance from the go)ernmentE 7f yes+ state the ty"e of

assistanceE


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fd%

fe% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

ff%

fg% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

fh%

fi% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

f


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g!%

a% Huality fish

!% Lo,er "rices

c% Close "roimity

d% ishermanI?endor is no,n to me

gc%

2% Do you "urchase fish in this area regularlyE

gd%

a% es

!% (o

ge%

3% 7f yes+ ho, often do you !uy fish hereE

gf%

a% 'nce "er ,ee

!% 2 F 3 times "er ,ee c% 3 F 4 times "er ,ee

d% 'nce "er ,ee

gg%

4% hat is your reason for !uying fishE

gh%

a% ousehold use

!% =estaurant use

c% Pre"are for hotel guests

gi%

5% a)e the si8e of fish changed in the "ast 5 to 1* yearsEg


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gs%

gt% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

gu%

g)% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

g,%

g% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

gy%

&% 7s the o)ernment acti)ely in)ol)ed in the de)elo"ment of the fish maretE 7f yes+ gi)e

reasons for your ans,er%

g8%

ha% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG h!%

hc% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

hd%

he% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

hf%

% 7f the ans,er to 0uestion & is no+ ,hat do you thin the o)ernment needs to do to hel"

in the de)elo"ment of the fishing industryE

hg%hh% GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

GGGG

hi%

h


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h0%

hr%

hs%h$,

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