JANMABHOOMI PROGRAMME IN ANDHRA

PRADESH

'JANMABHOOMI' PROGRAhrl[ME IN ANDHRA PRADESH

India is predominantly rural; about seventy two percent (2001 censue

of India) of the population lives in villages. Yet the rural development has

been one major area which was neglecbd for centuries by the planners as

well as rulere. Only after Independence, the development of rural areas was

given greater attention, and many programmes were designed and

implemented for the betterment of the living conditions of the rural masses.

But the over all impact of those programmes on the well being of the rural

masses is not upto the mark. It has been increasingly felt that socio.

economic progress can not be achieved unless the rural masses are fully

involved in the formulation and execution of programmes of the rural

development, With a view to involve the rural people in the development

process the then Government of Andhra Pradesh under the leadership of

N. Chandrababu Naidu has launched a unique programme called

'Janmabhoomi' on 1st January, 1997.

NEED FOR JANMGBHOOMI

Andhra Pradesh had been lagging behind several states, especially

those in the south in the socio-economic front. The state of Andhra Pradesh

is under developed in several areas a e literacy, health and employment

generation. The State is plagued with several maladies such as lopsided

agricultural growth, uneven hstribution of benefits; underdeveloped

technologies,'despair, dishonesty, corruption, inequality lethargy and moral

turpitude. Even. though the state of Andhra Pradesh has rich natural

resources, it has not been able to utilise them in proper and planned way.

The Government realised that only micro level planning, which can

set the realistic agenda, would be able to correct the distortions that have

crept into the rural development programmes. Large scale participation in

developmental activitiw ie suppoeed to promote the much needed awareness

among the people about the socio-economic development in the rural areas.

This process was initiated by the Government, of Andhra Pradesh by

launching a highly innovative programme namely 'Janmabhoomi'. In the

words of N. Chandrababu Naidu, "Janmabhoomi Programme is not a

'programme' but i t is a 'movement"'.

INSPIRATION FOR JANUGBHOOMI

Janmabhoomi programme is based on the Korean programme of

rural development, namely, 'Saemaul Undong' (New Community

Movement). The essential features of this programme are collective

leadership and people's participation. General Park Chung Hee, who

became the President of South Korea overthrowing the democratic regime,

conceived 'Saemaul Undo& in 1970 to check the alarming rate of

migration of the people from the rural areas to the cities. The three

concepts of diligence, eelf-help and self-reliance far promoting work.ethics,

independence and individuality among the rural Koreans were adopted as

the means for ushering in human and social development. Better living

conditions were achieved through a clean environment and improving the

incomes of farm households through modernisation of agricultural and non-

farm operations, setting up units by giving concessions to Saemaul factories

in the country side.1

The philosophy and principles of Janmabhoomi Programme were

akin to Jayaprakash Narayan's idea of 'Total Revolution' which centred

around the Gandhian concept of Sarvodaya, Community Development

Programme and National Extension Scheme started in 1952, 1953

respectively and the programme of 'Telugu Grameena Kranthi Patham'

started in 1986 in Andhra Pradesh. The objective of Janmabhoomi

Programme is to motivate the people to participate in developmental

activities in all aspects of rural life. The administrative machinery of the

State Government, especially' the Revenue and Rural Development

Departments have been sincerely putting efforts in this direction.

BACKGROUND OF JANMABHOOMI 'Janmabhoomi' is a people centred development programme aimed at

establishing an ideal society. . It embodies and cherishes the principles of

people's participation, equity, transparency and accountability leading to

sustained economic development and excellence in all walks of life. The goal

is an enhanced quality of life for every man, woman and child in the State.

Thia process has evolved out of the experiences gained in the

implementation of IPrsjala Vaddaku Palana '(Taking administration to the

doorsteps of the people), 5!&irmadan' (Contribution of free labour for

development) and Micro-level planning from November 1995 to December

1996 in the State.2 These concepts rire explained in detail in the following

paragraphs:

Micro-Level Planning (MLP)

I t is an exercise through which individuals or groups of people can be

linked to the local programmes. Micro-plan is a unit of a small area,

consisting of a cluster of villages. Planning for each indwidual family is the

final objective, which is obviously not possible. A district or a sub &vision

or a block is too big for preparation of MLP relating to local programmes.

The idea behind MLP is to prepare a plan document for a village or villages

indicating the activities to be executed iq the respective areas based on a

realistic agsessment of relevant resources base. This can be acheved on the

basis of the type of household, community needs, agro-climatic conditions,

individual and the living patterns of community.3 MLP emphasises

involvement of local people in the preparation of their own plans to solve

their own prob1em.s. The objective of the MLP is the preparation of plans by

the people based on the felt needs which are identified on priority basis and

all the available local resources.

The Government ofAndhra Pradesh has succeeded to some extent in

achieving the objectives of MLP by involving the students of the various

universities and colleges. Lakhs of students went to villages and have given

trainiqg to villagers relating to MLP. Under the supervision of Nodal

Officers, MLPe for village habitations and municipal ward groups were

prepared. Village Secretaries, Agricultural Officers, Angan wadi Workers,

Paid Secretaries of Primary Agricultural Committees, Health Sub-centres'

ANMs. School teachers, Municipalities, Municipal Corporations staff have

also participated in MLP. This programme was completed in 3 phases of

Janmabhoomi Programme.4

Prajala Vaddaku Palana (PVP)

The PVP was launched on November lst , 1995 which aims a t

'bringing administration to the doorstep of the people', and in removing the

anomaly in our planning process. It paves the way for rural masses to

involve in the planning process. Later, PVP was taken up in December

1996 and February 1996 and it has become- an integral part of

Janmabhoomi Programme.6

Aime and Objectives of PVP

The aims and objectives of PVP as identified by the Government of

Andhra Pradesh are given below:

(1) To identify the community needs and to provide such facilities as

per the people's priority, (2) to identify the individual family needs and to

provide the needs in a phased manner as per the eligibility, (3) to identify

the problems in implementation of schemes and the symptoms of

maladministration and to take remedial measures, (4) to identify the issues

of public importance which are having a bearing on law and order and ( 5 ) to

identify the defects in functioning of social service sector.6

The PVP programme was carried out in three phases and it covered

various needs of the people a s shown below:

(1) Individual Needs: Those needs which cover the issues regarding the

distribution of ration cards, pattadar passbooks, house sites, domestic

Lighting etc.

(2) F i n a d Neeb: Ihstitutional and infraatructural needs like

problem of low voltage, extension of milk routes etc.

(3) Non-finandel Neede: ' Complaints against the Government

authorities concerned, communal hsputes, etc. 7

~hrarnadan

Most of the people came forward to contribute money but not

labour for the works identified in the PVP programme. The result was

that getting the daily labourer has become a big problem and more over it

is against the concept of people participation in development

programmes. Keeping this in view, on January 1, 1996, 'Shramadan'

programme was started. This programme was designed to make people

participate in the development of the state. Works under this

programme were divided into two types (a) works with 100 per cent

shramadan and (b) works with small amount or 50 per cent of

government assistance or more than 50 per cent from the people.

Massive participation of people was recorded in this programme during

January and July 1996 in two phases of this programme.

Priority to Shramadan was also given in Community Development

Programme which was launched in 1952 at the national level, but due to

many reasons, there was no satisfactory response from the public even in

Andhra Pradesh. But after the introduction of 'Shramadan' in Andhra

Pradesh in 1996 there was overwhelming response from all sections of

people to participate voluntarily in 'Shramadan' for the overall

development. A wide publicity of the concept was made through

electronic and other media. Thus, 'Shramadan' was initially adopted as a

valuable programme in evoking public response to accelerate the process

of development.

From the inspiration and experience gained fiom implementing 'PVP'

and 'Shramadan' N. Chandra Babu Naidu, the then Chief Minister of

Andhra Pradesh launched a n innovative programme on 18' January, 1997

by merging PVP and Shramadan and called i t 'Janmabhoomi'. This

programme created much enthusiasm among the people of Andhra Pradesh,

irreepective of their political affiliation. This programme has also attracted

the attention of national and international leaders, policy makers, social

reformists, etc.

SIQNIFICAETCE OF JANMABHOOMI

In the present days, it is observed that, we are missing some of the

important concepts and values in our social ethos, such as hard work,

consistent effort, honesty, team spirit, self-respect, cooperation, self-help,

dedication, spirit of sacrifice, simplicity, austerity, sense of fulfilment, peace.

communal harmony, community participation, dignity of labour, equity and

equality, vision, creativity, planning, accountability, transparency, scientific

temper, excellence etc., Therefore, these concepts and values need to be revived.

Janmabhoomi is a procees and not only a mere programme of Government to

revive and reinforce these values. In addition to the Janmabhoomi Programme,

many innovative approaches have been adopted in the state for ensuring

people's participation in development through Water Users Associations,

Vanasamrakshana Samities, DWCRA Groups, CMEY Groups, School

Education Committees etc.

People's participation as the core of the innovative approach adopted by

'Janmabhoomi' is to bring about social transformation, development of the

down.trodden and the deprived sections of the society. People are expected

to organise themselves, identify their needs through GramSabha and other

grass roots organisations by sharing their ideas for the design and

implementation of policies and programmes. This approach has opened up the

voice of the people, enabling them to express and solve their problems,

'Janmabhoomi' provides the proper environment for participation of people in

decision-making. This, in turn, enhances the level of confidence of the people.9

AIMS AM) OBJECTIVES OF JANMABHOOMI

Janmabhoomi Programme is aimed a t the all round development of

the rural people. This new concept is the outcome of several efforts and

reforma made over the years. The aims and objectives of 'Janmabhoomi' as

enunciated in the literature distributed by the District administration as

well as the Government of Andhra Pradesh are as follows:

(1) ' To motivate people to take active participation in developmental

programmes,

(2) To undertake a proceos of comprehensive rural development not only

in plan but in process,

(3) To make democracy a real phenomenon,

(4) To achieve sustainable economic and social development,

(5) To enhance the quality of life for every man, woman, and child in the

state,

(6) To minimise the gap between people, officials and non-officials,

(7) To achieve transparency in decision making a t all levels,

(8) To bring developmental programmes to the door steps of the people,

(9) To promote work culture among the people,

(10) To execute the community works by the people through the Self-Help

Groups.

(11) To audit and review their expenditure (social audit) incurred during

this period by the people,

(12) To encourage people to inaugurate an ideal and progressive society

and,

(13) To train the people in accordance with the changing environment of

the society..

PFUNCIPLES AND VALUES OF JANMABHOOMI

Janmabhoomi is a people's movement for reconstruction and

revitalization of the society. I t is aimed a t helping each one of us

internalise the time- tested values of sacrifice, hard work, diligence,

discipline, honesty, self-help, selfrespect, sense of fulfilment and the quest

for excellqnce. Through this movement, every institution in t e rna lhe the

guiding principles of participation, equity and equality, transparency and

accountability, innovation of organisational excellency and sustainability.

These principles will guide the policies, programmes and the day to day

activities of all institutions.10 Janmabhoomi Programme also focuses on

environment building, promotion of grassroot people's institutions,

strengthening local bodies through training, orientation and administrative

reforms.

CORE AREAS OF JAMMABHOOMI

The following are the core areas identified for operationalising the

values and principles of Janmabhoomi. 1) Community work, 2) Primary

Education, 3) Primary Health and Family Welfare, 4) Environmental

Conservation and 5 ) Responsive Governance.11 Here an attempt is made to

explain briefly the values and principles of Janmabhoomi Programmk.

1) Community Works

Provision of basic minimum services to the people, strengthening of

infrastructure for social and human development, growth related

infrastructure to provide sustained employment to the unemployed and

under -employed are main objectives of community works.12 All

community works will be divided into the following three categories to

achieve their objectives. They are 1) Priority Community Works, 2)

Permissible Community Works, 3) Restricted Community Works.13 The

details of categorisation of community works are shown in the Annexure- 1.

2) Primary Education

Janmabhoomi helps .in development and implementation of

replicable, sustainable and cost-effective activities aimed a t achieving the

following goals in the core area of primary education:

i) To reduce differences in enrglment, dropout and learning achievement

among gender and social groups to less than five per cent.

ii) To reduce overall primary dropout rates for all the students to lese

than 10 per cent.

iii) To raise average achievement levels by a t least 25 per cent over

measured baseline levelsand ensuring achievement of basic literacy

and numeric competencies and a minimum of 40 per cent

achievement levels in other competencies by all primary school

children.

iv) To provide, according to national norms, access for all children, to

primary education classes (1.V) i.e. primary schooling wherever

possible, or its equivalent non-formal education.14

3) Primary Health and Family Welfare

In the core area of Primary Health and Family Welfare, the focus will

be on the following.

i) Provision of effective, accessible and affordable basic health care

and family welfare services for all.

ii) Implementation of rights of the child to ensure child survival,

development and protection and

iii) Empowerment of women to ensure equal status and

opportunities.15

4) Coneenlation of Environment

The following community level activities will be taken up in the core

area of environmental conservation.

i) Clean and Green for Village and Town Campaign.

ii) Weekly sanitation maintenance drive.

iii) Construction of individual sanitary latrine of a suitable type /

design suited to the local conditions.

iv) Plantation of trees in the institutions, households, waste lands.

V) Popularisation of non-conventional energy sources like bio-gas,

smokeless chulhas, solar energy, wind mills etc.16

6) Reepomive Governance Janmabhoomi Programme aims a t the redreseal of felt neede,

simplification of rules and procedures in all Government departments, Citizen

Charter indicating the time frame, the quality and type of service6 to be

provided to the citizen. There will be transparency in the functioning of all

Government departments and institutions and every citizen will have right to

information on the functioning of Government departments. These were the

main activities taken up for responsive governance.17

6) People's Contribution

People's contribution,'in case of priority category, will be a minimum of

30 per cent, excluding SC/ST localities, MADA pockets and urban slums where

the people's contributions could be limited to 15 per cent, instead of 30 per cent.

Earth work could be paid for in the ratio of 50:50 for formation of new assets

such as roads, canals, drains etc. Earth work includes transportation and

compacting. Earth work will not be paid for in the case of maintenance works,

except in the case of maintenance of irrigation systems, where the work is to be

executed through the Water Users Aseociation or Ayacutdars Committee. The

pattern of people's contribution for execution of community works are shown in

Annexure-11.

In case of permissible category, the Government's share provided could be

limited to 50 per cent; however, no payment will be made for earth work in

respect of maintenance of works. The people's contributions in SC/ST

localities, MADA pockets and urban slums will be limited to 25 per cent

instead of 60 per cent for all community works including the permissible

category.

In the restricted category of works there could be no counterpart funding

from the Government and the.people were expected to execdte those works

voluntarily in the form of shramadan. All community works in the tribal sub-

plan areas will be executed without insisting on people's contributions

irrespective of the acheme under which the work is sanctioned and the

category to which the community work pertains.ls

INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

I) Habitation level JVT in Rural Areae

In every habitation, Janmgbhoomi Volunteers Team (JVT) was formed,

headed by social animators to inobilize the people for participation in the

core area activities. All the members of the JVT will meet once in every

week and review the progress made in bhe habitation. The members of the

team also assist the social animators whenever household survey is to be

undertaken. Habitation / Ward level officer who is incharge of the

habitation I ward acts as the cpnvenor of the KLC in the rural areas 1 WLC

in the urban areas.

Functions of Social Animators

(1) Motivation and mobilization of people for participation in the core

area activities of Janmabhoomi.

(2) Act as a catalyst in the process of social mobilization.

(3) Sensitize the people in the habitation I urban slums allotted to them

relating to the values and principles of Janmabhoomi.

(4) Create awareness among the people about the various development

programmes and schemes of the government, particularly those

meant for the poor and the disadvantaged.

(5) Sensitize the members of the habitation level committee I

neighbourhood committee (NHC) regarding the preparation of

community development plan for habitation / slum covering the core

areas of Janmabhoomi.

(6) The progress achieved in each of the core areas will be tabulated and

consolidated and submitted to the Nodal Officer of the Mandal in the

fortnightly meeting.

(7) Propagate the concept of 'Sramadhan' among the people in the

community and assist the HLCtNHC in mobilizing the required

people's contributions.

(8) Act as a link between the people and the adminietration and will

attend the fortnightly meetings to be convened by the Nodal Officer

a t the Mandal Parishad 1 Municipal level.

(9) Highlight the areas of concern in any of the habitations 1 slums and

indicate the interventions required, if any, from the Nodal Officer or

any of the MPDOs.

(10) The Nodal Officers and MPDOs will give the feed back on the

functioning of the village level government institutions so that the

concerned department functionary a t the Mandal level can initiate

necessary correctivg action.

(1 1) Hold discussions with the members of the HLCINHC I JVT and assist

the community in taking necessary action.19

I A) Habitation Level Committee - HCL in Rural Areae

I t is formed a t the habitation level in the rural areas and constituted

with Sarpanch of GP a s Chairman. Member of the Mandal Parishad

Territorial Constituency (MPTC), Group Leader ofDWCRA 1 Women SHGs,

Leader of CMEY Group, Presidents of Watershed Association (WA), Water

User Association (WUA), Vana Samrakshana Samithi (VSS), VTDA in

Tribal Sub-Plan Group leader of SHG of wage seekers under EAStJRY,

Member of the Gram Panchayat for the concerned habitation,

representative of the NGO's working in the habitation if any are the

members of this Committee. Habitation Level Officer acts as a member

convenor to this Committee.

11) Janmabhoomi Gram Sabha a t the Village Level

Gram Sabha, a s defined under section 6 (2) of the Andhra Pradesh

Panchayat Raj Act, 1994 consists of all persons whose names are included in

the electoral rolls for the GP and such persons will be deemed to be the

members of the GS. The meetings of the GS will be held once in every

quarter and presided over by the Sarpanch or in his absence, by the Upa-

sarpanch of the Gram Panchyat. Adequate publicity will be given in

advance about the venue,.date and time of GS to ensure the participation of

all the members in the meetings. The Action Taken Report UTRS will be

presented in every GS meeting informing the members about the action

taken on the grievances of the people received in the earlier meeting and the

reasons for their non-redreseal, if any. The Nodal Officer a t the Mandal

Pariehad level will coordinate and ehsure that the Gram Sabhas are

conducted as per the programme fixed in advance. The other functions /

activities of the Janmabhoomi Gram Sabha are indicated below: * Janmabhoomi is a people centred development process aimed a t

establishing sustained economic development and excellence in all

walks of life. * The people centred development process will be consolidated with the

participation of every citizen of the village. * Section 6 (2) of the Andhra Pradesh Panchayati Raj Act, 1994 enables

all persons whose names are included in the electoral rolls for the

Gram Panchayat to be the members of the Gram Sabha. * The Panchayat Secretary will give adequate publicity in advance about

the venue, date and time of the Gram Sabha to ensure the participation

of all the members in the meeting. * Action Taken Report will be preeented in every Gram Sabha informing

the members about t h e action taken on the grievances of the people

received in the earlier meeting. * The Nodal Officer a t the Mandal Parishad level will coordinate and

ensure that the Gram Sabhas are conducted as per the programme

Gxed. -

* The Sarpanch of the Gram Panchayat concerned will preside over the Gram

Sabha. In his absence the Upa-sarpanch of the Gram Panchayat will

preside over the Gram Sabha. * The Gram Panchayat ehaU make necessary arrangements like eahmiyana

(Shelter), public address system and drinking water facility for convening of

gram sabha.

* The Gram Panchayats have been permitted to inaur expenditure from

general funds for making necessary arrangements.20

The Ajenda for the Janmabhoomi Gram Sabha

The Agenda for the Gram Sabha during the Janmabhoomi will be a s

follows: * CM's message (Audio cassette will be used). * Presentation of agenda for Swema Andhra Pradesh. * Presentation of Action Taken Report (ATR). * Review of functioning of all the village / ward level Government

Institutions. * Presentation of receipt and expenditure of the funds received by the

Gram Panchayat during the year. * Identification of beneficiaries under Government Programmes and

Schemes. * Distribution of assets and assistance under Government Programmes

and Schemes including distribution of pensions. * Inspection of ongoing community works under Janmabhoomi in the

Habitation I Ward. * Receiving fresh grievance petitions from the people. * Review of Self Help Groups.21

111) Mandal Pariehad Level Committee (Mandal Level)

It is formed a t the mandal level consisting of Mandal President,

Member of the ZPTC, MRO, MPDO and the Nodal Officer. The President of

the Mandal Parishad is the chairman and the Nodal Office is the member

convenor. The members of the State Legislative Assembly act as ex-officio

members falling within their jurisdictions. I t will meet once in a month to

supervise and monitor the implementation of all the core area activities

under Janmabhoomi. The Nodal Officer furnishes his quarterly self

appraisal report to the District Collector.

Dietrict Development -Review Committee at the District Level

At the district level, DDRC will review and monitor the

implementation of the core hrea activities under Janmabhoomi. The

representatives of NGOs, research institutions, universities and private

sector will also be invited to participate in the deliberations of the DDRC.

The District Collector shall coordinate all the departments a t the district

level and the officers concerned a t the district level will also act under the

administrative control of the District Collector.

IV A) Neighbourhood Committee (NHC) (Slum Level Committee (Urban

Slume))

I t is formed a t the urban slums level. The NHC comprises of

president of the neighbourhood groups as its chairman, resident community

volunteers, representative of NGO's working in the slums. The

representatives of the government departments working in the slum act as

members of this Committee. Community organizer acts as a member

convenor to this committee.

IV B) Ward Level Committee (Urban Areas)

Ward councillor acts as a chairman to this committee and it is formed

a t ward level in municipalities. Ward level officer is the member convenor

and it consists of all the presidents of the NHCs in the ward which will

meet once in a month to review and monitor the core area activities under

Janmabhoomi.

XV C) Municipal Level Committee

It is constituted a t Municipalities .level and coneists of Municipal

Chairperson I Mayor, the Municipal Vice-Chairperson I Deputy Mayor I

Nodal Officer and the Municipal Commiesioner. The Municipal Chairperson

1 Mayor will head this committee and the Nodal Officer acts as member

convenor. The members of the State Legislative Assembly falling within

their reqpective jurisdictions will be ex-officio members in all the MLCS. It

will meet once in a month to supervise and monitor the implementation of

core area activities under Janmabhoomi in the urban areas.

V) State Level

At the State level, a monitoring cell is setup in the Department of

Planning. The most important function of the SLMC is to assist the Council

of Ministers in reviewing and monitoring the implementation of core area

ac tivities under Janmabhoomi.

MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF JANMABHOOMI

The Janmabhoomi Information System (JIS) developed by the

Planning Department will be used a t all levels for monitoring the

implementation of the core area activities under Janmabhoomi.

At the habitation / slum level, the convenors of the HLC, NHC, Nodal

Officer, maintains registers. MPPO, EORD, will assist the Nodal Officer in

the maintenance of registers. The Registers will be handed over to the CPO

at the district level for updating of the Janmabhoomi database every week.

The District Collector will be responsible a t the district level. He is

incharge of the JIS, a t district level and CPO will assist him.

At the State level, the supervisory officer's incharge of the district

appointed by the General Administration Department will take up 'the

review of the progress of all the activities in the core area of Janmabhoomi

every month and provide necessary feed back to the Planning Department

for taking corrective action. The inspection team is specially appointed by

the General Administration Department for the inspection of the sample

works entrusted to them in different districts from time to time on rotation

basis and it provides necessary feed back to the Planning Department for

taking necessary corrective action a t the State level.

The State level mo,nitoring cell in the Planning Department will be

responsible for the operatiorialisation of JIS a t all the levels (habitation /

slum, mandal 1 municipality, district and State levels). Every Secretariat

Department through their ~ i a d s of Departments concerned will evolve

suitable systems of collection of information from their field staff and

monitor closely the progress of community works, redressal of felt needs

and other activities relating to their departments. It also sends senior

officers to the field to inspect the works and to guide the field staff in the

execution of community works and redressal of felt needs. All the Chief

Engineers and Superintending Engineers of the Engineering

Departments will inspect a t least 10.20 works respectively every

fortnight and send their inspection reports to the Principal Secretary /

Secretary concerned to take further action.

PROCESS EVALUATION

It will be taken up by independent agencies and NGOs as selected

by the State Govt. from time to time to evaluate the process of

Janmabhoomi, particularly the social mobilization and community

participation.

IMPACT EVALUATION

It is undertaken by the State Government involving the NGOs and

reputed research institutions. The Directorate of Economics and

Statistics has also taken up evaluation studies in a phased manner.

CONCURRENT EVALUATION

It was undertaken by the State level monitoring cell to initiate mid

course corrections during the implementation of the Janmabhoomi

activities. The results of the evaluation will be made available to the

District Collector for initiating action at the district level.

SOCIAL AUDIT OF WORKS All community works executed could be subjected to social audit. For

this purpose, works upto a value of Rs.2.00 lakhs could be audited a t

the Gram Panchayat level, between Rs.2 lakhs and Rs.5 lakhs a t the

Mandal level, between Rs.5 lakha and Rs.50 lakhs a t the District level

and the rest a t the State level.22

QUALITY CONTROL CELL

At the district level all the District Collectors will have Quality

Control Cells attached them comprising of two Deputy Executive

Engineers / Asst. Executive Engineers &om among the Departments of

Panchayat Raj, Irrigation, Roads & Buildings, Social welfare or any other

Engineering Department. In addition, there will be one non-technical

person either h m the Department of Cooperatian or Revenue or Local

Funds Audit. The Quality Control Cells will inspect community works a t

random to ascertain whether the estimates prepared are tallying with the

ground situation, whether people's contributions are duly accounted for, the

quality of execution of the work and timely payments. The Quality Control

Cell will also assist the District Collector for enquiring into complaints I

allegations received on execution of community works.23

TRAINING OF FUNCTIONARIES

Training programmes were organised for the Government

functionaries, elected representatives, social animators, non-governmental

organisations, habitation / ward level volunteers and all those involved in

the implementation of Janmabhoomi at various levels. Sustainable training

modules were prepared accordingly. District Resource Persons (DRPs) a t

the rate of 5 per district would be trained a t the State headquarters who in

turn will train the Nodal Officers and the District Level Officers a t the

district headquarters. They in turn, train the Social Animators a t the MP

level. This cycle of continuous training was linked to each Round of

Janmabhoomi,

TRAINING INSTITUTIONS The training infrastructure available with the Aadhra Pradesh

include Academy of Rural Development, the Extension Training Centres

at Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Srikalahasti, Bapatla and Samarlakot

and the Regional Centre for Urban and Environmental Studiee

(RCUES), Hyderabad which were utitised for imparting training. The

facil!ties available in other training institutions under the control of

different administrative departments were also utilised whenever

required. The Mahila Pragathi Pranganams and other Training

institutions located at the district 1 erstwhile block headquarters were

also utilised for providing training. Training programmes were also

organised at the village / town level in schools and colleges during

vacations for the Janmabhoomi volunteers.24

FOCUS OF JANMABHOOMI PROGRAMME

The focus of JBP was a different socio-economic aspect as

presented in the table-3.1,

An analysis of table 3.1 shows that within six years of duration

nineteen rounds of ~anmabhoomi Programme were held for a total period

of 152 days. Every round was held for not less than seven days and not

more than eleven days. During the years 1997 and 1998 four rounds

were held each year. During 1999.2003 two rounds were held every year

except in the year 2000. But in the year 2000 three rounds were held.

Here an attempt is made to explain the aims and objectives the

programmes undertaken and involvement of people in each round of

Janmab hoomi Programme.

Table 8.1 : Janrnabhoomi Focus Amae

Table-3.1 continued in next page.

No. of

Daye

8

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

Theme

JanmabhoomiConcept and Micro

Level Planning

Conetitution of HLCs I WLCs,

Community Infrastructure

Development Works

JanmabhoomiJalachaitanyam-

(awareness on water

usage)Immunisation & Health

Camps

Clean Village / Town Concept. Free

Veterinary camps, Campaign on

Save Energy and Small Savings

Participation of Students and

Lecturers along with the Habitation 1

Ward Level Committees and the

people in activities promoting Clean

Village I Ward concept and creation

of Community assets

Free Health Camps with focus on

TB and Blindness control. Works

Programmes through Self Help

Groups

" Cheyutha" for Disabled. Pollution

control in Urban areas

Special Janmabhoomi for Physically

Handicapped

Free Health Camps with focus on

AIDS, TB, Eye and Dental care and

Reproductive health care

Period

1-8 January,

1997

1-7 May, 1997

1-7August,

1997

1-7 October,

1997

1-7 January,

1998

1-7 May, 1998

1-7 August,

1998

3-9 October,

1998

S.

No.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Round

l o t

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

6th

7th

8 t h

. . . . . . . . . 9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

Source:

Advertisements issued by the Informatian and Public Relations Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad.

. . .Cont. 9th

loth

1 l t h

lZ th

13'h

14th

151h

16th

171h

18th

lgth

The 2002,

I

tablc3.1 2.8 January,

1999

,

1-7 May, 1999

3- 11 January,

2000

1-7 May, 2000

1.7 August,

2000

2-8 January,

200 1

1- 10 June,

2001

1- 11 January,

2002

1- 10 June,

2002

2- 11 January,

2003

1 10 July, 2003

Hindu January l e t J u n e 2002,

MLP, Free Health Campa with focus

on curative and preventive aspecta

of AIDS, TB, Eye and Dental care

and Reproductive health care

Mahila Janmabhoomi

(wornin Janrnabhoomi)

MLP Evaluation of Gram

Panchayats / Wards and Nodal

Officers

Neeru-Meeru ha te r and you)Focus

on Health, Drought and Water

Conservation

Mahila Janmabhoomi

(Women Janmabhoomi)

Rythu, (Farmer) Janmabhoomi

Mahila sishu (Women and Child)

Janmabhoomi

Eradication of untouchability

Special Janmabhoomi for Weaker

Sections

Focus on Farmers & women and

' Velugu' 2""hase started

Welfare of Weaker Sections, Pending

problem solving Pulse polio & Mid-

day meals programme was started to

school going children

RMu, Mahila (Farmer, Women) Janmabhoomi

-- -

Total

2nd 2001, p. 5. 1" June 2002, 1st

7

7

9

7

7

7

10

11

10

10

4

10

162

January 2nd January 2003, July l s t , 2003.

First Round

The First Round of Janmabhoomi Programme was launched on IBt

January 1997 and it ended on 8th January 1997. The main features of

this programme were: (i) Prajda Vaddaku Paalana, dealing with

identification and redressal of community as well as individual family

neede; (ii) Shramadan; and (iii) Micro-Level Planning.

During thie phase of Janmabhoomi Programme the villagers and

the students actively participated in the Shramadan Programme. The

students had a four-fold activity, namely (i) Participation in the

Shramadan Programme, (ii) Data Collection, (iii) Sensitizing the people

and (iv) Drawing up of Plans in the designated sectors.

The main emphasis of the micro-level plan was a creating

awareness among the people about the importance of drinking water,

health, family welfare, clean and green, nutritious food, and adult

education.25

Second Round

The second round was started on 1st May 1997 and i t went on for

seven days. The activities taken up in this phase were as follows:

(i) Conducting Gram Sabha meetings, (ii) The works to be undertaken

were classified as priority works, agreeable works and non-priority

works.26

Third Round

Third round of Janmabhoomi Programme was started on 1.t

August 1997 and it was closed on 7 t h day of the same month. The main

activities undertaken in this round were: Improvement of Sanitation

condition, Tree Plantation, Literacy and Family Welfare campaign.27

Fourth Round

The fourth round of Janmabhoomi Programme was started on l n t

October 1997 and it was closed on 7th October 1997. The important

activities undertaken during df this round were : 1) continuation of spill

over programmes, 2) construction of individual sanitary latrines, 3)

organisation of veterinary camps, 4) drrangement of smokeless (biogas)

stoves,5) providing biogae plants, 6) encouraging small savings, 7)

motivating people towards family welfare, 8) organizing free medical

camps, 9) enrolment of school going age children, 10) tree plantation,

11) constitution of education committees and 12) clean and green

programme

Fifth Round

The fifth round of Janmabhoomi Programme was held from l b t to

7th January, 1998. The main activities of this round were : 1) Allotment

of works to Water Users Associations 2) participation of public in

dserent activities, 3) conducting of elections to Water Users

Associations, 4) free health, eye and Veterinary camps.20

Sixth Round

The sixth phase of Janmabhoomi Programme was held during May

1-7, 1988. The main activities undertaken in this phaae were: 1)

conducting health, Eye, Tuberculosis Medical camps and Veterinary

camps, 2) carrying out undertake community works, 3) cleaning of

surroundings, 4) allotment of works for water users associations,

education committees and other self help groups.''5) conducting Gram

Sabha meetings, 6) campaign for sanitation and family planning, 7)

implementation of the back-to-school programme, 8) cleaning and

Chlorination of all drinking water sources, 9) Pre-planting operations,

10) campaign for elimination of child labour and child marriages and

11) sanction of old and widow pensions.30

Seventh ,Round

The Seventh round was started on August l e t , 1998 and closed on 7th

August 1998 i.e. for one week. The purpose of this round was 1) enrolment

of school going children, 2) tree plantation, 3) 'Clean and Green' and

eradication of malaria, 4) construction of individual sanitary latrines,

5) AIDS prevention and awareness camps, 6) helping disabled persons

under 'Cheyuta' Programme and 7) pollution control in cities and towns in

the State.31

Eighth Round

It started on 3rd October, 1998 and continued for seven days till 9 t h

October. The main activities of this round of Janmabhoomi Programme

were:

1) Enrolment of school going children and steps were taken to make

them attend schools regularly, 2) tree plantation programme and

Construction of individual sanitary latrines, 3) cleanliness and prevention

of malaria, and the welfare of the disabled, 4) organisation of free veterinary

and medical camps with main concentration on dental care and women

problems and 5) prevention of epidemics caused due to floods, cyclones,

construction of individual sanitary latrines and, the supply of tool kits to

rural artisans.32

Ninth Round

The ninth round of Janmabhoomi Programme was started on

January 2nd 1999 and went on seven days up to 8 t h January. The following

were the main activities taken up in this phase : 1) Reading of Action

Taken Reports (ATR) by Nodal Officers in Janmabhoomi Gram Sabha

Meetings, 2) citing reasons for delay in the redressal of felt needs of the

habitation. 3) other activities which were taken up routinely in every

phase of Janmabhoomi Programme.93

Tenth Round The tenth round of Janmabhoomi Programme was scheduled from Int

May 1999 and it was dedared as 'Mahila Janmabhoomi'. This

Janmabhoomi round had the following activities:

1) Creating awareness among women and motivating women towards social

and economic activities. 2) Sensitising thewomen against social evils, outdated

traditions, atrocities and discrimination towards girls, child marriages, dowry,

girl child labour and so on. 3) Sanctioning of pensions for poor women and

widows and implementation of Girl Child Protection Programme. 4) Special

residential schools were opened for drop-out children who were attending to

work in the unorganised sector, agriculture etc. 5) Provision for the constitution

of 48,000 thrift and credit groups with 3 lakhs women. 6) Formation of Mahi'

Banks and organisation of games and sports competitions to girls. 7) Conducting

child health competitions and special health camps to women and appointment

of health workers in rural areas and slums in towns for providing better health

conditions to women. 8) Establishment of Anganwadi Centres and Mother

Committees with the assistance of World Bank and sanctioning of house sites to

women. 9) Financial assistance to women under Apadbandu, National Family

Benefit Scheme, and National Pregnant women benefit programme and 10)

Provision of legal aid to women and creation of legal aid centres in the

State.34

Eleventh Round

The Eleventh Round of Janmabhoomi Programme commenced from

3rd January and closed on 1 l t h January 2000. In this round Government of

Andhra Pradesh had decided to prepare micro-plans for every habitation by

involving the research scholars and students of all Universities, Poet-

Graduate Centres, Medical and Engineering Colleges, Polytechnics, Degree

and Junior Colleges under the supervision of faculty members concerned.

Habitation 1 ward level micro-plan contained the Human Development Survey of

2000. Provision was also made in providing basic amenities for and preparation

of action plans for Habitations 1 wards and for self-help gr0ups.3~

Tbelfth ,Round I t was held from I& May to 7th May 2000. This round was named as

'Neeru-Meeru' (Water and You). The main activities covered under this

round were : Proper utilisation of water and adaptable methods to store

rainwater. Back to School programme, Eradication of Bonded Labour,

Drought Relief Programmes and Distribution of Input Subsidies, Clean and

Green Programme and Annapurna Programme.36

Thirteenth Round

The thirteenth round was named as 'Mahih Janmabhoomi'. It was

held from 1" to 7thAuguat 2000. The important works taken up during this

round included : Welfare of women and children, preservation of rain water

to increase ground water level, enrolment of drop-outs under back to

school programme, drought relief measures, distribution of old-age pensions

and patta-pass books to women, combined forest development, employment

through water users associations, £ree veterinary camps, welfare

of the disabled (Cheyutha Programme), review of functioning of village I

ward level government institutions with a focus on fair-price shops and

schools, distribution of assets and assistance to women and to create legal

awareness among women.37

Fourteenth Round

The fourteenth round of Janmabhoomi Programme was held from 2nd

to 8th January, 2001. It was named as 'Rythu (Farmers) Janmabhoomi' and

it aimed a t solving the problems of farmers, development of agriculture and

welfare of farmers, minimum support prices for agricultural production,

and food grains, collection and storage, the implementation of Rythu

Bandhu Schemes, organization of Rythu Bazaars (Farmers markets) - and

other farmer-related works.38

Fifteenth Round The fifteenth round of Janmabhoomi Programme was launched on 1"

June, 2001 and closed on 10th J,une 2001. I t was also named as 'Mahila Sisu

Janmabhoomi' which focussed bn women and children. The main focus of

this round was : 1) Organisation of exhibitions on women and child

welfare, Literacy, Population control, Agriculture and Neeru-Meeru,

2) konduct of bee health and veterinary camps, 3) taking up new

community works and 4) settling all the issues relating to the fifteenth

round of Janmabhoomi Programme.39

Sixteenth Round

The sixteenth round of Janmabhoomi Programme relating to weaker

sections was conducted from 11' to 1 l t h January 2002. The main objectives

of this round were : 1) Discussion and implement measures for eradication

of untouchability, 2) review of Neeru-Meeru Programme, Food for Work,

Mid-day Meal Scheme, and AIDS Awareness Programme,

3) presentation of status report on self-help groups, 4) discussion on

housing for the poor and 5 ) initiating of necessary steps for effective

distribution of rice, sugar etc., through fair price shops.40

Seventeenth Round

The> Seventeenth round was held in the state from 11' to 10th June

2002. I t has given top priority to farmers and women. The main activities

undertaken in this phase were 1) Reviewing of Neeru - Meeru and Food for

Works programmes, 2) reviewing the performance of Government

institutions like primary schools, health centres, anganw adis e tc., 3)

exhibitions were organized in the Gram ~ a b h a s in order to create

awareness among villagers towards the achievements made by the village

panchayats, 4) to organise health and veterinary camps, 5 ) redressal of

pending felt needs, 6) distribution of revolving fund for DWCRA groups,

distribution of benefits under the scheme of girl child protection and the gas

connection for poor women under Deepam Scheme, 7) Distribution of

pensions, aids, and appliances to disabled under 'Cheyuths' scheme, 8)

launching of ICDS projects, and Andhra Pradesh Rural Poverty Reduction

Project (APRPRP)."

Eighteenth Round

The Eighteenth Round of Janmabhoomi Programme was launched

during 2nd to 11th January, 2003 and it was named as "Weaker Sections

Janmabhoomi Programme". The activities undertaken in the lgth round are

indicated below: 1) steps to be taken for effective implementation of "Mid-

day Meals Programme", Poverty eradication alleviation through Veluguand

control of AIDS. 2) Organising free Health and Veterinary Medical Camps

3) Encouraging Self-Help Groups for effective participation in Janmabhoomi

programmes, and implementation of programmes for weaker sections.

4) Distribution of pensions and implements to weaker sections and helping

aids to the disabled. 5) Removal of untouchability, atrocities on wdmen,

relating to weaker sections of the society and 6) Eradication of child labour

and redressal of communities' grievances in Gram Sabhas.42

Nineteenth Round

The activities relating related to 19th round of Janmabhoorni started

on July 1st 2003 and ended on 10th July, 2003 , lasting for 10 days. This

round was termed as "Rythu Mahila Janmabhoomi" ensuring support to the

women farmers, and assuring women's empowerment. The main activities

undertaken in this phase were : 1) Conducting of camps on Akshara

Sankranti (Literacy Festival) and Micro Irrigation-Modern Farming

Methods. 2) Establishment of 2 lakhs 'Rythu Mithra' Self Help Groups,

Khariff Prospects - (promoting increased yields) and Jalachaitanyam - (Watershed Development). 3) Drought Relief - Total Implementation of

'Grameena Rozgaar Yojana' and organisation of Medical and Health Camps

and Veterinary Camps. 4) Distribution of Gas Connections to poor women

and pensions to the aged and digtribution of 2 lakhs bicycles for girls. 5 )

onducting AIDS Awareness camps. Family Welfare Programmes and

Provision of necessary items, tools of trade and assistance to physically

disabled persons and conduoting of Gram Sabhas to redrees community

grievances.43

Thus, Janmabhoomi programme was a roadmap for 'Swarna Andhra

Pradesh! Swarna Andhra Pradesh, Vision 2020 was the instrument for

Janmabhoomi spirit and people's participation.44

ACHIEVEMENTS OF J ~ H O O M I PROGRAMME UPTO NINETEENTH ROUND

Problems are not static just as society is not. As we are in a state of

flux, new problems are bound to crop up. What is necessary is a quick

response, a positive reaction to old problems and a preparedness to face

new ones. True happiness of people leads to good governance, a happy

society makes for a strong society. Janmabhoomi is a sincere endeavour

in this direction.46 The achievements upto 19th Round shows (table-3.2)

the strong commitment of Government for the overall development of

state, and involvement of people in the developmental activities. This

programme was successful because of massive participation of people.

F rop the table 3.2 it is evident that 70,898 habitations and wards

are covered during all the phases of Janmabhoomi Programme. In the

light of 73* and 74th amendments to Indian Constitution Gram Sabha

functions more efficiently and effectively. Thus conducting of

Janmabhoomi Gram Sabhas in all the rounds during the Janmabhoomi

programme was a routine exercise. Nearly 25,789 Gram Sabha meetings

on the average were held in each round throughout the state.

Table-3.2 continued in next page ... .....

in

Resulte

70,898

2,256

53,65

6.31 lakhs

7.90 lakhs

5.71 lakhs

9.44 lakhs

4.19 lakhs 293.1 11akhs 3.87 lakhs 3.82 lakhs

11,8761akhs . 3.64 lakhs 7.12 lakhs

8.1 1 lakhs 1.86 lakhs 9.63 lakhs 11701ij41 1,00,491 70,060

4,44,542 69,136 83201

Table- 3.2: Performance of Janmabhoomi Programme8

error8 No, of Glaucoma cases identified

No. of Glaucoma cases operated

S.

No.

1

2

1

2

1644 77

\ Andhra Pradesh

Priority Areae

a) HABITATIONS AND WARDS COVERED (in each JANMABHOOMI round) (~verage)

b) No, of teams constructed in each JANMABHOOMI round (~verage) NO.OF GRAMSABHAS HELD IN EACH ROUND (Average) PRIMARY EDUCATION

Additional enrolment in Primary Schools (1997-1998)

No. of children identified for enrolment (1998- 1999)

Additional enrolment in Primary schools (1998-1999) PRIMARY HEmTH AND FAMILY WELFARE (1 to 19th Phase)

No. of eligible couples motivated for Family Planning operation

No. of Free Health Camps Organised No. of Patient8 treated No. of Malaria positive cases treated

* No. of AID$ awareness camps conducted * No. of Dental Camps Organised

No. of School Children Treated in Dental Camps No. of Women examined under Reproductive

Health Care No. of Children Immunised No. of TB patients identified for treatment No. of pereons identified with eye problems No. of operations succesefully conducted

Conventional: IOL

No. of P ersons with cataract * No. of Persons with refractive errors

No. of free spectacles distributed for refractive

ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION (11' to 19th

Round)

No. of Trees planted.

No, of Individual Sanitary Latrines grounded

No. of Individual Sanitary Latrines completed

Repairs to Soak pits and Platforms of drinking

Water Sources,.

* Cleaning and Chlorination of drinking water

Sources (No, per round)

1087.06

lakhs

17.42 lakhs

14.60 lakhs

I I

I Adoption of bio-gas plants. 1 0.18 lakhs

1 Institutions (no. per round)

Adoption of smokeless chulans (Ovens)

Special sanitation drive undertaken in public

Pollution check-up (No. of vehicles) and PUC

1.76 lakhs

40,948

I certificates- needed vehicles upto 2002 December

I I PUC Certificates issued vehicles (upto December

REDRESSAL OF FELT NEEDS (let ~ 1 8 ~ ~ Rounds) I

I I. INDIVIDUAL FAMILY NEEDS (Nos.)

Received

Solved I

I Balance

1I.NON-FLNANCIAL COMMUNITY NEEDS (Nos.)

Received

Solved

Balance L I

Table-3.2 continued in next 1

29.60 lakhs

10.26 lakhs

62.85 lakhs

- ---

3.69 lakhs

---- -

1.52 lakhs I

age. . . . . . . . . . . .

Community Works (1 to 11th rounda)

Table-3.2 continued in next page ............

Value in Rs. (Crores) - 1725.71

1704.23

1617.30

1174.92

1040.79

1040.48

Received in Gram Sabhas

Grounded

Completed

Government share required for

works grounded

Funds released

Expenditure

NOS

1,19,673

1,18,626

1'15,213

14 and 16th rounds

Sanctioned works

People's share deposited

Government Share

Credit - Food grains

Total

Food grains released

Funds released

Works grounded

Completed

Paid funds

Credit

Food grains

People's contribution

Total paid

Food grains distributed

7213

7848

7311

122.23

41.22

29.93

51.08

81.01

0.9 lakh metric tons

29.93

141.23

35.94

49.67

39.77

125.38

0.97 lakh metric tons

. . . . . ... Cont, table-3.2 16th round 1

Received 1 69934 1 1 135.39 1 I I

People contribution works ' ' 1 I I

Government share required 1 482.7 1 I

Received

People's contribution

34530

Works sanctioned

581.37

95.29

I I

17094

People's share I I

t ~ o o d grains I I

1 157184.47 metric 1

253.26

51.74

Government's share

Govt.'s share(Food grains)

104.39

97.12

I I

Works grounded 16194 234.96 1

1

Funds sanctioned (increase Rs. 35 lakhs for each constituency) Funds released

I Completed

tons 102.90

102.90

Funds given

Government's share

J

- 72.31 1akhs

I

People's share

Food grains

42.21 lakhs

71.27 lakhs I I

I I

Food grains total 1 53367.12 metric tons

Total paid

Food grains distributed

1 1 1

Table-3.2 continued in next page .... . .,.,,..

185.78 lakhe

1 16472.06 metric tone

18th round 160.10

25.76

85.97

48,40

Works sanctioned

People's share

Government's share

Govt.'s share (food grains)

1075

. . . ... Cont. table-3.2

.Table-3.2 continued in next page ...... ... ...

Funds allotted Re. 35 lakh to

each constituency

Funds released

Works grounded

Completed

Funds paid

Government's ehare

People's share

Govt.'s share (food grains) '

Total

Food grains distributed

Distribution of Pensions

Distribution of implements

(Helping aids)

Financial help

Issue of Certificates

3.63

1,03,123

1,73,035

8.53

5680

2018

Free Veterinary Campe (1 to 19th round)

102.90

58.28

82.21

11.19

7.69

8.64

27.51

10808.50 metric tons

No. organized

Animals Treated

Sheeps Dewormed (8, 11, 13, 14,

16, 17, 18, 19 rounds)

Cattle Vaccinated against Foot

and Mouth diseases

Calves dewormed

Farmers benefited (1 1, 12, 13, 14,

15, 16, 17, 18, 19 rounds)

1

5.22 lakhs

1597.95 lakhs

1010.72 lakhs

19.72 lakhs

22.99 lakhs

160.67 lakhs

Dieabled Welfare (7 to 19th round)

L I

Source: "Andhra Pradesh" Telugu Magazine, Special Supplement, July J

2003, p. 8-9. "Andhra Pradesh" Telugu Magazine, January, 2004, Vol. IV, issue 8, p.6-7.

. . . . .... Cont. table-3.2 19th PGE JULY 1 to lOa, 2003

Primary education is one of the priority area8 in Janmabhoomi

Programme. Nearly 6.31 lakhs children were enrolled additionally in

primary schools in the year 1997- 1998 and 5.71 lakhs during the year 1998-

1999. From l u C phase to 19th phase of Janmabhoomi Program~ne primary

health and family welfare was also given prominence. About 9.44 lakhe

eligible couples were motivated for family planning operation and 4.19 Iakhs

free health camps were organized. In these health camps 293.11 lakh

patients were treated; 3.82 lakhs AIDS awareness camps and 11,876 lakh8

dental camps were organized; 3.64 lakhs school children were treated in

dental camps, 7.12 lakhe women examined under reproductive health care

and 8.11 lakhs children were immunized; 9.63 lakhs people were identified

with eye problems. Of them, 1.70.541 people have undergone conventional

and IOL operations.

Gram Sabhas held

IFN applications received

NFN applications received

FSN applications received

Conservation of environment ie also one of the main objectives of

Janmabhoomi Programme. Clean and Green Programme was taken up in a

big way during Janmabhoomi Programme once in a month i.e.. Third

Saturday of every month. Planting trees, grounding and completing

individual sanitary latrines, repairs to soak pits and platforms of drinking

water m u m s , cleaning and chlorination of drinking water sources, adoption

25789 '-r

1,17,19,247

33,883

66,676

of bio-gas plants, adoption of smokeless ovens, pollution check up to vehicles

etc., are the activities undertaken in Janmabhoomi Programme for

conservation of environment, A total of 1087.06 lakhs trees were planted

both by the households and the institutions during Janmabhoomi

Programme. Further, about 17.42 lakhs individual sanitary latrines were

constructed, 0.8 lakh bio.gas plants were adopted, 1.76 lakhs smokeless

chulhas were adopted in Janmabhoomi Programme in all the 19 rounds.

Upto 18 round of Janmabhoomi Programme, 75.34 lakhs petitions were

received about individual family needs. Of these 62.85 lakhs were solved

and 6.32 are still in balance. In the 19th round 1, 17, 19, 247 applications

were received but no action was initiated because of change in Government;

3.09 lakh non-financial community needs were received upto 18th rounds,

but, only 2.79 lakhs needs were solved and 1.52 lakh needs were still in

balance. In 19th round 33,883 applications wer'e received for N FN.

Upto the 11th round 1,19,673 number of representations for

community works were received in Gram Sabhas of which 1,15,213 number

of works with an expenditure of Rs.1040.48 crores were completed. In 14th

and 15th rounds 7213 number of works were sanctioned, of which 7311

works were completed with an amount of Rs.125.38 crores. In all 19 rounds

of Janmabhoomi Programme, a total number of 5.22 lakhs free veterinary

camps were organized and 1597.95 lakhs number of animals were treated

in these camps; 1010.72 lakhs sheep are dewormed in 8th, 1 l t h , 13th, 14th,

16th, 17th, 18th and 19th rounds. 19.72 lakhs cattle were vaccinated against

foot and mouth diseases; 22.99 lakhs calves were dewormed and the number

of farmers benefited during 1 1 t h to 19th rounds constituting 160.67 lakhs.

During Janmabhoomi Programme held from 7th to 19th rounds, various

programmes were undertaken for the benefit of the disabled people also.

About 3.63 lakhs pensions to the old people were distributed and also

1,03,123 lakhs number of people were given financial assistance.

The lmt and l9a phase of Janmabhoomi Programme which was

started on let July and ended on 10th July 2003, conducted a total 26.789

Gram Sabhas, of which a total of 1,17,19,247 IFN applications, 33,883 NFN

applications and 66,676 FSN applications were received, but all these

applications were kept pending because of elections to the State Assembly.

After elections, the Congress party came into power and decided to scrap

Janmabhoomi Programme and hence no action was taken on the

representations received during the 19th phase of Janmabhoomi Programme.

PARTICIPATION OF LECTURERS AND STUDENTS IN JANMABHOOMI

Studenta of all the Intermediate and Degree Colleges, ITls, Polytechnics

and the Universities in the state were involved in the implementation of the

programmes under Janmabhoomi, the students stayed in the habitations I

wards allotted to them. Sufficient data at the village level about the nearby

natural resources and human resources, infrastructure and skills was collected

by the students during 'Micro-level- Planning' preparation. Lecturers of Junior

Colleges, Degree Colleges and the Universities have also participated. In

addition to collection of information, the students have

taken steps in enlightening the villagers about the key issues of adult and child

literacy, health, family welfare, sanitation, drinking water, nutrition and other

social issues. To inculcate values and principles of Janmabhoomi to the

students the Government has also taken a decision to introduce this programme

in the school syllabus.

From the table-3.3 it is evident that, a total of 1,47,826 students

participated in Janmabhoomi throughout the state for the preparation of

MLP. A total of 34,3 18 lecturers participated in the preparation of MLP in

the state as Resource Persons. The student of Srikakulam district stand8

first (13118) followed by the Nellore district students (12356) as far as the

participation is concerned for the preparation of the MLP a t the village /

habitation levels. The students of Chittoor district are in the third place

and they constitute 1 1682.

Table - 3.3: Participation of Lecturers and Students in Janmabhoomi

I 1 I I

1. 1 Srikakulam I 4 1 I 1196 I 13118

1

Programme upto Decernbr- 1999

I I I I

2. 1 Vizianagaram I 38 I 1044 I 7150 I I I I

3. ( Vitaakhapatnam I 46 I 1114 1 9 168

Sl, No.

Total No. of

MRPe Name of the District

I I I I

6. 1 West Godavari I 54 I 1122 I 4966

1 I I I

Total No. of

GRPs /

WRPe

4. 1 East Godavari

Total No. of

Studente

66 1272 1 . 8174 I

6.

7.

I I I I

10. 1 Chittoor I 71 I - 1542 I 11682

8.

9.

I I I I

11. I Cuddapah (Kadapa) I 52 I 988 I 8646

Krishna

Guntur

Prakasam

Nellore

55

67

I I I I

61

49

12. 1 Ananthapur I TO

13.

14.

17. 1 Medak I 50 I 1173 I 4800

1259

1218

1149 1 6824

15.

16.

6066

5211

1220

1058

Kurnool

Mahbubnagar

I I I I

19. 1 Adilabad I 59 I 3325 I 5262

4395

12356

Ranga Reddy

Hyderabad

I I I I

58

68

18. 1 Nizamabad

44

13

20.

2 1.

22.

23.

1062

1442

39

4102

3795

836

488

813 I 3036

lource: The Hindu, January 3, 2000, p: 8, Chennai.

Karimnagar

Warangal

Khammam

Nalgonda

Total

6000

5490

61

52

50

63

1,227

2240

2950

326 1

1319

33,091

3498

5031

4400

4668

1,47,826

SCWEMES AND PROGRAMMES IMPLEMENTED DURING JANMABHOOMI PROGRAMME IN ANDHRA PRmESH

The schemes and programmes which were undertaken and implemented

by the then TDP Government in Andhra Pradesh are given below:

1) People's participatory programmes: Janmabhwmi Self-help Groups

- a) DWCRA, b) CMEY, c) Water User,s Committees, d) Vane ' Samrakshna Samithies, e) Watershed Management Committees,

f) School Education Committees, g) Clean and Green Programmes.

2) Welfare schemes: Rural housing, social welfare, tribal welfare,

backward classes welfare, minorities welfare, women welfare,

welfare of physically handicapped, youth welfare and sports and

social security programmes, family welfare programmes.

3) Natural resource and human resources development schemes: Rural

development, urban development, agriculture and farmers' welfare,

horticulture, sericulture, veterinary, coopera tion, forests, tourism,

rural industries and textile and weaving.

Women empowerment policy, strengthening the local bodies, price

control of essential commodities, disaster m a n a g e ~ e n t , use of electronic

media, administrative reforms, medical and health, education, civil

supplies, irrigation, electricity, roads and buildings, transport and

communication, rehabilitation law and order are some of the prograrnme~.~e

'CLEAN AND GREEN' PROGRAMME

The essential component of JB Programme was the Clean and Green

Programme, and this was carried out on a regular basis on every third

Saturday of the month. The Clean and Green programme focussed on the

following aspects. * Identification and preparation of vacant areas for plantations. * Cleaning of corridors, rooms, tables, almirahs. * Files already closed to be stitched and sent to the Record Rooms. * All unwanted papers to be collected and destroyed.

Cleqing of the premises and toilets.

Removing the old unserviceable furniture and sending them to store

rooms.

Special cleaning of major drains with problems of water logging.

Lifting of garbage, litter and debris, if accumulated without being

lifted in the normal course.

Repairs to pot-holes on roads.

Maintenance of parks, burial grounds.

Special sanitation drive in markets.

Construction of platforms , and soak pits for the borewells.

Supply of dustbins to Gram Panchayats / Municipalities on cost

sharing basis.

Some of the "Clean and Green" programme achievements in Andhra

Pradesh from September 1998 to February 2001 are indicated in table 3.4.

It shows that about 34231042 students and teachers participated in

household plantation and institutional plantation as part of Clean and

Green Programme. About 40921447 people participated in health

awareness rallies, 3906835 people participated in sanitation work and

1438850 persons engaged to remove garbage.

The table 3.4 also shows that, 38166 km distance of drains were

desilted, 1 1 18547 drinking water sources cleaned and chlorinated. 110093

vehicles were engaged to remove garbage, 433566 tones of garbage was

removed, 93299 water bodies cleaned, 47779 low lying areas treated and

1382305 institutions took part in cleaning.

Table 3.4: 'Clean and Green' under Jamabhoomi in Andhra Pradeeh (Pmm September 1998 to February 2001)

1. I Participation of Stuaents & Teachers -

I

I I

2. 1 Health Awareness rallies organized I

3 No. of Students & Teachers participated

ii) No. of Green Brigadee fbrmed in schools

34231042

159550

I I

I ii) No. of people participated I 40921447

i

1 i) No. of rallies organized ' 505680

I I Desilting of Drains '

3.

I i) No. of Persons engaged I 3906835

I

Sanitation I

I I

ii) Distance cleaned (in km) I 38166

4.

5.

No. of Drinking water sources cleaned and 1118547

chlorinated

No. of vehicles engaged to remove garbage L

11 0093

S n ~ i r o ~ : An Economic Survev. Government of Andhra Pradesh Department of planning, Hyderabad, 2000-2001.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10

11

12

13

14

15

No. of persons engaged to remove garbage

Quantity of garbage removed (tonnes)

No. of market places cleaned

No. of slaughter house cleaned

No. of Municipal parks cleaned

No, of burial grounds cleaned

No. of Memory parks started

No. of water bodies cleaned

No. of low lying areas treated

No. of institutions where cleaning is taken up

I

1438850

33566

45802

18030

7419

33434

2397

93299

47779

1382305

One 9f the thrust areas under "Clean and Green" Andhra Pradesh

campaign was the construction of individual sanitary latrines in both rural

and urban areas. Special Programmes of desilting of major drains,

disposal of garbage / debris were taken up without insisting on people's

contribution after fully utilising the funds and resources (man-power I

vehicles / equipments) available with the local bodies.47

CRITICISM ON JANMABHOOMI PROGRAMME

There is a strong criticism fkom opposition parties and some sections

of the people on this programme. The then Andhra Pradesh Congress \

Committee President and Opposition Leader in the Assembly and present

Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh Dr. Y.S. Rajasekhar Reddy urged the then

President K.R. Narayanan to use his power under Article 143 of the

Constitution and ask the Supreme Court to examine the constitutional vaIidity

of Chandrababu Naidu Government's much-hyped Janmabhoomi Prograinme.

He stated that the guidelines issued groda violation of constitutional principles,

particularly the 73rd and 7 4 t h amendments to the Constitution. The Central

Government funds meant for specific development programmes involving the

poor were being diverted for Janmabhoomi works. Under the guise of the

programme, in which more than Rs. 1,000 crores had been spent so far, people in

power resorted to large scale misuse of authority and swindling of funds. The

Gout, had so far failed to reveal the facts and figures as well as the procedure

involved in the selection of beneficiaries for Janmabhoomi. The State

Government was implementing the policy in such a way that all the powers,

duties and functions of local bodies were vindicated. The elected panchayats

had been made defunct. There was conflict a t the grassroots level as the

Government had created parallel bodies for the purpose of Janmabhoomi

scheme, leading to the .defeat of people's will as xeflected in elected

Panchayats. Government had spent over Rs. 300 crores so far for the

publicity of the scheme alone. "In fact, the entire programme is planned in

such a way that, the programme will give publicity to the Chief Minister N.

Chandrababu Naidu", Y.S. Rajasekar Reddy said.48

There are many parallel bodies in various states that were created in

the Pre 784 constitutio&l amendment period and those created in the post

7ad constitutional amendment period. The first category (Pre.

Constitutional Amendment period) include those bodies that were functional

even before the 7 3 ~ ~ Constitutional Amendment Act came into being, like

the Joint Forest Management, Water,User groups etc. The second category

(post-amendment period) includes those bodies that were constituted after

the 73d Constitutional Amendment Act came into being, eg., the Expert

Committees in Kerala, Janmabhoomi in Andhra Pradesh, Vigilance

Committee in Himachal Pradesh and the Gram Vikas Samiti in Haryana.

These bodies are the creation of the respective State Governments. Many

areas were overlapped by the parallel bodies and the relationship of the

parallel bodies with PRIs in the respective states deteriorated. Thus, the

laws which have become null and void are being kept alive to thwart, if not

sabotage, the working of the Constitutional Amendments.

SHIFT IN POLICY

The new Government whch assumed power in 2004 in AP brought

significant changes in evolving a new system to redress the public

grievances. The Congress Government under the stewardship of Y.S.

Rajasekhar Reddy has designed new programmes replacing the erstwhile

Janmabhoomi Programmes to take administration to the people, and to

resolve their problems immediately, through the programmes like 'Rajeev

Palle Bata', ' Prajapa them' and 'Rytu Chaitanya Yatra'. Though the

programmes are similar in objectives, they differ in approach and content

from the erstwhile Janmabhoomi programmes. The Janmabhoomi

programmes were organized simultaneously in all ;he areas of the State.

But the new programmes are taken up in frequent intervals in selected

Rajeev P d e Bata

The main objective of the programme is to interact with the people

and to elicit first hand information and to solve the problems on the spot.

This programme was launched on 13-06-2004 and has been conducted twice

in a week. The Chief Minister directly interacts with the rural people

including farmers, self-help groups, weaker sections, etc. The Chief

Minister also makes an assessment as to how the Government programmes

are implemented and to find out whether the benefits are trickled down to

the targeted groups and to direct the concerned authorities to take

necessary remedial steps.-

Prajapatham

'Prajapatham' was launched on 11-04-2005 with an objective to

encourage people's participation in development programmes and to

evaluate the performance of the Government and to ensure officials to take

active part through social audit. Besides the Chief Minister, the programme

is undertaken simultaneously in other parts by his Cabinet Ministers, local

MLAs and the officials to receive complaints of discrepancies in the selection

of beneficiaries on programmes like housing, land distribution and

complaints of delayed payment of wagers under the National Food for Work

Programme, etc. Officials were instructed to redress the grievances "then

and there" if possible. Under the programme, the administration goes to the

people to meet and discuss with them the developmental plans in the

presence of people's representatives. This programme is organized in three

phases. In the first phase, representatives and officials meet the people,

identify their problems and solve their grievances. Then, public grievances 1

complaints are analysed by officials and representatives, and the

programme ended on 14-05-2005 to commemorate the first anniversary of

the Congress rule in the state.^ For effective redressal of public grievances,

the Government framed certain guidelines. MIAs reviewed the development

activities undertaken in their constituencies a t panchayat level. Priority has

to be given to provide drinking water, housing, income generation, etc.

Officials have to resolve all the pending issues before the end of their tour.

Instead of delivering speeches, priority should be given to listen what people

say. Reviewing works at various levels, and if any hardships, should be

resolved. Giving new assurtbces is not the aim of this programme.

Rythu Chaitanya Yatra ' This programme was initiated on 25-04-2005 and concluded on

15-05-2005 with an objective to protect framers from fake brand seeds,

fertilizers and pesticides, and to educate the farmers on scientific farming

methods, imparting training to farmers at village level and preparation of

plans and formation of management committees at village level. Officials of

agriculture, veterinary, marketing, fisheries departments participate

actively in this programme.

REFEmVCES 1. A.V. S harma, " Janmabhoomi - An M o of Gan&an Pfio~ophj ' ,

The Hindu, January 28, Hyderabad Edition, Vol. 120, No.23, 1997, p:

25.

2, K. Madhava Rao, "Janmabhoomi Oparational Guidelines': Govt. of

Andhra Pradesh, 15-12-1997, Hyderabad.

3. Pitabas Sahoo, "Micro-Level Planning: a new strategy for Rural

Development", K m k ~ h e t r a , Vol. XLV, No.9, June, 1997, p: 48.

4. " Jana Geew'thallo Jaya Ka thanam Janma bhoomi' Andhra Prades h

Supplementary, Hyderabad, Vol. IV, Issue 2, July 2003, p: 4.

5. Bid., p: 2.

6. Govt.ofAndhraPradesh,"AProgrammefor~sitingViUa~s":996.

7. Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, "Prcy'al~ Vaddhpalana ': Booklet,

Information and Public Relation Department.

8. N. Chandrababu Naidu, "Janmabhoomi Mahodyamam", 'An'&a

Pradesh', Telugu Magazine, ~anua ry , 1997, p: 5.

9. N. Chandrababu Naidu, "People'sAgenda Jaamabhmmi', Published

by Special Commission, Information and Public Relations

Department, September, 1997, pp: 5-7.

10. Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, " Janmabhoomi Operational Guideline$',

pp: 4-12.

11. Ibid.,p:17.

12. Ibid., p: 18.

13. ibid., p: 13.

14. Did., pp: 28-29.

15. Ibid., pp: 29-30.

16. Bid., p: 31.

17. Bid., pp: 32-33.

18. Bid., p: 19.

19. Bid., p: 35-36.

20. "Chittor Di~ t r i c t Pragatbi":PO Office, Chittoor.

Interface Advertieement Issued by the Inbrmation and Public

Relations Department, The Hhdu, December, 26, 1999.

Govt. of Andhra Pradesh " Janmabboami O O ~ M & ' Q I I ~ Guiddirrs&, p:

24.

Bid.., pp: 27-28.

aid., p: 47.

Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, "Pragati Pathemulo Andhra Pradeeh",

Booklet Published by Dept. of Public Relations, Hyderabad, p: 6,

Bid., p: 6.

Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, " M t a Agragami Andbra h d e h " ,

Booklet Published by Dept. of Public Relations, Hyderabad. p: 5.

"Pragab'PadamloAnd6Ea Pradeah" (0p.Cit).

Govt. of Andhra Pradesh. " &ion 2000",ookle t.

G.O. Rt. No. 216, Finance and Planning (PLGIV), dated. 20-09-

1998,CPO Office, Chittoor.

Letter of Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu

addressed to the People of Andhra Pradesh dated 3 1-07- 1998.

Letter of Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister, N. Chandrababu Naidu

addressed to the People on 8th round of Janmabhoomi Programme

dated 30-04-1999, Hyderabad.

G.O. Rt. No. 178, Finance and Planning (PLG-rV), dept, dated 24.12-

1998, CPO Office, Chittoor.

Letter of Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu, on

10th round of Janmabhoomi Programme addressed to the People of

Andhra Pradesh dated 30-04-1999, Hyderabad,

me Hindu: January 3". 2000. Advertise issued by Dept. of

Information and Public Relation, ~overnment of Andhra Pradesh,

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Government of Andhra Pradesh G.O.Rt. No. 489, Finance and

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Govt. of Andhra Pradesh Guidelines for Mahila Sisu Janmabhoomi,

issued by Secretary, Planning Dept. dated 30-05-2000, CPO Office

Chittoor,

Govt. of Andhra Pradesh 16th round of Janmabhoomi draft

guidelines, Dept. of Finance and Planning, Hyderabad, dated 30-10-

2002.

Govt. of Andhra Pradeeh 17th round of Janmabhoomi, Rythu and Mahila

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05-2002, CPO Office, Chittoor and ' V a h a ' , Telugu Daily,

Advertisement issued by Information and Public Relation Department,

Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, June, lSt, 2002.

'Eenadu', Telugu daily, 2- 11-2003, Vol. 29, Issue 144 Tirupati,

Advertisement issued by Information and Public Relation,

Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh.

'!CbeHindu: July 1,2003. Advertisement issued by Dept. of Information

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The Hindu: 30.6-2003. Advertisement issued by Information and Public

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N.Chandra Babu Naidu, The Hiadu: Vol. 122, No. 1, January, 3, 1999,

p:2.

gllie Hhdu: Nov. 7,1999, p: 5 andlPagatipadamlo Andhra Pradesh'

booklet released by the Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, 2002.

' m e Hindu: January, 20, 1999, p: 22.

me Hindustan times: February, 10, 1999,

www.hindustantimes.com.

' Vaartha' Telygu daily, June, 13th 2004, p: 1.

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