january 1977 - sciencescience.sciencemag.org/content/sci/195/4275/local/ed-board.pdf · 21 january...
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21 January 1977Volume 195, No. 4275
LETTERS Soviet Civil Defense: C. H. Kearny and E. P. Wigner; TVA's Record: J. A. Thomas;Human Rights: J. Edsall andJ. Primack; Burt's IQ Data: L. J. Kamin;B. Rimland and H. Munsinger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
EDITORIAL Science in the Ford Years: Last Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
ARTICLES A Computer-Based Chemical Information System: S. R. Heller, G. W. A. Milne,R. J. Feldmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Evolution of Phosphorus Limitation in Lakes: D. W. Schindler . . . . . . . . . . . 260
The Biosphere Reserve Program in the United States: J. F. Franklin . . . . . . . . . 262
D COMMENT Gene-Splicing: Cambridge Citizens OK Research but Want More Safety ........ 268
Teton Dam Verdict: A Foul-up by the Engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
The Rockefeller University: No Time for Philosophers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Critical TVA Scholarship Hard to Come By ...... . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . 274
ARCH NEWS Astrophysics: Discovery and the Ubiquity of Black Holes .... ............. 276
OK REVIEWS Meaning in Anthropology, reviewed by M. J. Swartz; The Insect Integument,J. Lai-Fook; The Genetics of Algae, R. Sager; Marine Mussels,M. J. Greenberg; General Relativity and Gravitation,D. M. Eardley; Books Received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
NEWS ANI
RESEA
BOo
REPORTS Azaarenes in Recent Marine Sediments: M. Blumer, T. Dorsey, J. Sass . . . . . . . 283
Biological Consequences of the 1975 El Nifio: T. J. Cowles, R. T. Barber, 0. Guillen 285
Energetic Radiation Belt Electron Precipitation: A Natural Depletion Mechanism forStratospheric Ozone: R. M. Thorne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Oncornavirus: Isolation from a Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus) Lung Culture:R. L. Heberling et al .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Sodium-Specific Membrane Channels of Frog Skin Are Pores: Current FluctationsReveal High Turnover: B. Lindemann and W. Van Driessche . . . . . . . . . . 292
Size Limit of Molecules Permeating the Junctional Membrane Channels: I. Simpson,B. Rose, W. R. Loewenstein . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . ...... .. . . 294
Defined Dimensional Changes in Enzyme Cofactors: Fluorescent "Stretched-Out"Analogs of Adenine Nucleotides: D. I. C. Scopes, J. R. Barrio, N. J. Leonard . 296
Primary Structure of Cholera Toxin ,-Chain: A Glycoprotein Hormone Analog?:A. Kurosky et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Leucine 2,3-Aminomutase: A Cobalamin-Dependent Enzyme Present in BeanSeedlings: J. M. Poston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Plasma Membrane: Rapid Isolation and Exposure of the Cytoplasmic Surface by Useof Positively Charged Beads: B. S. Jacobson and D. Branton . . . . . . . . . . 302
Lateral Diffusion in Planar Lipid Bilayers: P. F. Fahey et al .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Lateral Transport of a Lipid Probe and Labeled Proteins on a Cell Membrane:J. Schlessinger et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Developmental Dyslexia: Two Right Hemispheres and None Left: S. F. Witelson. 309
From Piecemeal to Configurational Representation of Faces: S. Carey andR. Diamond ........ . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 312
Huntington's Disease: Delayed Hypersensitivity in vitro to Human Central NervousSystem Antigens: D. S. Barkley, S. Hardiwidjaja, J. H. Menkes . . . . . . . . 314
COVER
Erythrocyte membranes attached topolylysine-coated polyacrylamidebeads (2000: 1). The positivelycharged beads facilitate isolation of cellmembranes whose protoplasmic sur-faces are fully accessible to furtherprobing. See page 302. [B. S. Jacobsonand D. Branton, Harvard University,Cambridge, Massachusetts]
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21 January 1977, Volume 195, Nui
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FORTHE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCEScience serves its readers as a forum for the pre-
sentation and discussion of important issues related tothe advancement of science, including the presentationof minority or conflicting points of view, rather than bypublishing only material on which a consensus has beenreached. Accordingly, all articles published in Science-including editorials, news and comment, and book re-views-are signed and reflect the individual views of theauthors and not official points of view adopted by theAAAS or the institutions with which the authors are affil-iated.
Editorial Board1977
WARD GOODENOUGHCLIFFORD GROBSTEINH. S. GUTOWSKYN. BRUCE HANNAY
RICHARD E. BALZHISERJAMES F. CROWHANS LANDSBERGEDWARD NEY
DONALD KENNEDYNEAL E. MILLERRAYMOND H. THOMPSON
1978FRANK W. PUTNAMMAXINE SINGERPAUL E. WAGGONERF. CARL WILLENBROCK
Editorial StaffEditor
PHILIP H. ABELSON
Publisher Business ManagerWILLIAM D. CAREY HANS NUSSBAUM
Managing Editor: ROBERT V. ORMESAssistant Editors: ELLEN E. MURPHY, JOHN E.
RINGLEAssistant to the Editors: RICHARD SEMIKLOSENews and Comment: JOHN WALSH, Editor; PHILIP M.
BOFFEY, LUTHER J. CARTER, BARBARA J. CULLITON,CONSTANCE HOLDEN, DEBORAH SHAPLEY, NICHOLASWADE. Editorial Assistant, SCHERRAINE MACKResearch News: ALLEN L. HAMMOND, Editor; GINA
BARI KOLATA, JEAN L. MARX, THOMAS H. MAUGH II,WILLIAM D. METZ, ARTHUR L. ROBINSON. EditorialAs-sistant, FANNIE GROOM
Book Reviews: KATHERINE LIVINGSTON, JANETKEGGCover Editor: GRAYCE FINGEREditorial Assistants: JOHN BAKER, ISABELLA BOUL-
DIN, ELEANORE BUTZ, MARY DORFMAN, SYLVIA EBER-HART, JUDITH GIVELBER, CAITILIN GORDON, CORRINEHARRIS, NANCY HARTNAGEL, OLIVER HEATWOLE,CHRISTINE KARLIK, RUTH KULSTAD, MARGARETLLOYD, JEAN ROCKWOOD, LEAH RYAN, LOIS SCHMITT,YA LI SWIGART, ELEANOR WARNERGuide to Scientific Instruments: RICHARD SOMMERMembership Recruitment: GWENDOLYN HUDDLE;
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mber 4275 SCIENCE
Science in the Ford Years: Last ThingsIn the short and troubled Ford presidency, one would have expected the
affairs of science to take a back seat. The main issues in that harassedinterregnum concerned the stumbling national economy, the low estate ofgovernment, and general malaise and drift in the country's sense of pur-
pose. If the Ford Administration was to woo any constituency, the scientificcommunity logically would be about the last on the political list.
But politics and the making of public policy are strange and baffling arts.The departing President, a Midwesterner trained for the law and politics,and lacking any visible reason to care about the advancement of science,has turned out to be its good friend. Mr. Ford leaves a considerable legacyin the form of a statutory expression of national policy toward science andtechnology, the makings of a White House science policy center, and a
research and development budget that provides for sensible growth andvariety. There is a wryness in the fact that his political exit coincides withAmerica's sweep of Nobel honors.
True, not everything is in order. The state of national affairs in energy
decision-making is still dismal, if not disgraceful. The risks of nuclearproliferation seem more real than at any time in the recent past. The defensebudget spirals upward while arms control agreements stumble and falter.There is no progress in negotiating the Law of the Sea. Technologicalinnovation in the industrial sector is far from what it could be. Developingcountries face frightening contingencies in meeting the needs of their peopleand dousing the incendiary potential of their rising dissatisfactions.Even so, it must be said that a battered presidency alone could hardly
surround and settle that formidable agenda. Our failures of resolution are
the common indictment of all of us, and presidential power cannot beexercised in a vacuum. Neither Mr. Ford's defeat nor Governor Carter'svictory was decided on the basis of how these issues entered into thechoice. Indeed, the evidence is that politicians run dreadful risks when theystake their political futures on championing scientific freedom and progress
rather than on conventional politics. A Daddario in 1970 and a Hechler in1976 could not win governorship campaigns despite outstanding work forscience and technology in Congress. What James Symington got for all hisdefense of the National Science Foundation in the "MACOS* fracas" was a
sound thumping in his home state. In none of these cases was there an
observable gathering of the scientific and technical clans on behalf of theirembattled defenders. No one should be shocked if, the next time science isambushed, politicians look the other way.
Americans tend to smirk when the British Honours List appears eachyear and eclipses briefly the torrent of bad news. But it is a symbol of graceunder stress, and it might not do us any great harm to find civilized ways forexpressing thanks for substantial public service. It should not be necessary
to accumulate a thousand years of history to see that there is no shame ingratitude, and that it need not be pretentious.There is a stir in the coatrooms of Washington. A government is retiring
and a government is entering. The continuity of the political seasons unfoldsas it has been ordained, and there is a touch of fever in the anticipation ofthings to be. But as the Gerald Fords, Guy Stevers, Charles Moshers, andJames Symingtons take leave, let them know that their going is notedrespectfully and their efforts remembered. If in years to come, sciencebrings something of value to the relief of the human condition, it will not
only be because of its own drive, but also because there have been publicservants who did not stop to count the votes before putting the advance-ment of knowledge first.-WILLIAM D. CAREY
*"Man: A Course of Study." See J. Walsh, Science 188, 426 (1975).