january 2005merlot reusable learning design guidelines overview for merlot copyright 2005 reusable...
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January 2005 MERLOT
Reusable Learning Design Guidelines
OVERVIEW FOR MERLOT
Copyright 2005 Reusable LearningThis work is licensed under a Attribution-NoDerivs-NonCommercial 1.0
Creative Commons License (see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd-nc/1.0/).
January 2005 MERLOT 2
The Reusable Learning Project
Goal: Increase the value and impact of the NSDL by increasing the reusability of its content
Deliverables– Workshops– Web site (www.reusablelearning.org)– Reusable Design Guidelines (
www.reusablelearning.org/guidelines)– Suggested policies for collections– Impact through implementation
Added Deliverables:– Examples and best practices– Learning content and opportunities
January 2005 MERLOT 3
Who Wants to be a Reuser?
Authors / Creators– Reuse content created by others (and themselves)– Repurpose and integrate content into their own work
Instructors / Teachers– Reuse content that supports their pedagogy and
learning objectives– Assemble content from multiple sources
Students / Learners– Access content for learning– Want content that fits their situation and learning style
January 2005 MERLOT 4
Reusability Factors – Author Perspective
Can I find appropriate
content?
May I use or modify the content?
Is the content any good? Is it right for
my audience?Do the structure,
look and feel work?Can I change them?
Can I access it?Can I download it?
Can I edit it?
January 2005 MERLOT 5
Reusability Factors – Instructor Perspective
Can I find appropriate
content?
May I use or modify the content?
Does it fit mymethods & goals?
Can my students learnfrom it?
Are the structure,look and feel
suitable?
Will it work onmy computer? On my learners’
computers?
January 2005 MERLOT 6
Reusability Factors – Learner Perspective
Can I find appropriate
content?
May I use the content?
Can I use just the parts I need? Can I go through it
the way I want?
Can I access it? Will it run on
my computer?
Does it providewhat I need?
Can I learn from it?
January 2005 MERLOT 7
May I use the content?RIGHTS
Can I access it? Will it run on
my computer?
INTEROPER-ABILITY
Can I use just the parts I need? Can I go through it
the way I want?
DESIGN: STRUCTURE &PRESENTATION
Does it providewhat I need?
Can I learn from it?
DESIGN:CONTEXT &PEDAGOGY
Can I find appropriate
content?METADATA
Reusable Design Guidelines
January 2005 MERLOT 8
Reusability – Collection Perspective
Can my users find what they
need?
May my content be
used?
Is my content good?Is it right for
my audience?
Is my contentdesigned for optimal
use?
Can mycontent be
used?RIGHTS INTEROPER-
ABILITY
CONTENT POLICIES
QUALITY
METADATA
January 2005 MERLOT 9
Who are the guidelines for? Authors (developers, etc.)
Maximize reusability by– Informing authoring & design processes– Defining requirements for tools
Collections, digital libraries and librarians
Support reuse and encourage reusable design by– Informing metadata, rights & content policies and practices– Suggesting requirements for interfaces– Providing information for contributors
January 2005 MERLOT 10
Preliminary Evaluation of MERLOT
Metadata– Merlot supports a rich metadata model
Rights– Rights information should be more complete
Interoperability– Some information is provided– We’d like to investigate this area in more detail
Design for Reuse– How can we raise awareness of how to design for
reusability among MERLOT contributors?
January 2005 MERLOT 11
For Example - RIGHTS
All resources should provide:– Links to terms of use– Links to a source for obtaining additional permissions
Collections should make a small set of licenses available to contributors
– The Creative Commons is the most frequently referenced source of such licenses.
– Need a license selection and assignment service
MERLOT currently supports a “Copyright and / or other restrictions” yes/no flag (see http://www.merlot.org/artifact/AddArtifact.po )
January 2005 MERLOT 12
Current MERLOT Rights Information
When submitting resources
When searching for resources
January 2005 MERLOT 13
RIGHTS INFO IN SEARCH and SUBMISSION
Rights information
January 2005 MERLOT 14
RIGHTS INFO IN SEARCH RESULTS
Rights information Link to detailed
rights information
January 2005 MERLOT 15
Creative
Commons
License
Readable by humans
Link to a version for the
lawyers
January 2005 MERLOT 16
For Example – DESIGN ISSUES
General Terminology and Graphics Navigation Access to usage instructions, modification
instructions, source code– Note that there are considerable additional
requirements here if ADAPTATION of resources is supported (as opposed to ADOPTION of resources as-is)
January 2005 MERLOT 17
BEFORE – Graphics and text specific to an educational level
January 2005 MERLOT 18
AFTER – More general terminology and graphics
January 2005 MERLOT 19
BEFORE – Learning Objects Not Self Contained
Learning objects split
over multiple, non-
contiguous pages-----
Two learning objects start
on same page
Reference to an
external text
Explanations and solutions not linked to problems.
January 2005 MERLOT 20
AFTER – Self contained learning object
Problems grouped
with solutions
and separated
into problem-solution blocks
Direct link to reference information
Solutions and explanations linked
to problems
January 2005 MERLOT 21
(Solution on Next Page)
January 2005 MERLOT 22
BEFORE – Forced, embedded navigation
Quiz not available
until the end
January 2005 MERLOT 23
BEFORE – Forced, embedded navigation
Page forward and
back navigation
only
January 2005 MERLOT 24
AFTER – User selects navigation path
January 2005 MERLOT 25
AFTER – User selects navigation path
January 2005 MERLOT 26
BEFORE – No Usage Instructions or Source Code
January 2005 MERLOT 27
AFTER – Easy to find links to code and modification instructions
January 2005 MERLOT 28
AFTER – Modification instructions and source files
January 2005 MERLOT 29
AFTER – Source files available
January 2005 MERLOT 30
Possible Actions
A. Implement more complete rights options
B. Evaluate current interoperability metadata
C. Evaluate the need to more fully support Adaptation of resources– If there is a need, consider developing “sub-
collections” with reusability characteristics supporting adaptation
D. Disseminate Reusable Design Guidelines specifically for MERLOT contributors– What is the most effective way to do this?
January 2005 MERLOT 31
What Next?
New Reusable Learning web site– Current site supported research and workshop activities– New site designed to act as an information and learning
resource on reusability and on how to apply the guidelines– Targeted for completion in Q1 of 2005
Provide 2 hour online seminar to MERLOT editors– More fully explain the Reusable Design Guidelines– Schedule for April?
After the seminar, evaluate the possible actions