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GeographyAdvanced SubsidiaryUnit 1: Global Challenges

RESOURCE BOOKLET

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Paper ReferenceMonday 14 January 2013 – Afternoon

6GE01/01

Do not return the Resource Booklet with the questionpaper.

P41354A©2013 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/1/1/1/1

*P41354A*

Edexcel GCE

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SECTION A

The following resources relate to Questions 1–6.

Figure 1 The top ten insurance ‘catastrophe losses’ 1990 to 2010

Insurancecost

($ billion)Year Insurance loss due to: Regions affected

8 1991 Typhoon Mireille Japan

9 2004 Hurricane Charley USA & Caribbean

9 2005 Hurricane Rita USA & Caribbean

11 2005 Hurricane Wilma USA & Caribbean

14 2004 Hurricane Ivan (including damage to oil rigs) USA & Caribbean

15 2008 Hurricane Ike USA & Caribbean

20 1994 Northridge earthquake USA

23 2001 Terrorist attack on World Trade Center USA

25 1992 Hurricane Andrew USA & Caribbean

72 2005 Hurricane Katrina USA & Caribbean

© Swiss Re

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Figure 2 Global temperature variations, 1850 – 2010

Year

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

–0.5

–1.0

–1.51850 1900 20001950

Diff erence

fromlong-termaverage (°C)

Data uncertainty

Recorded diff erences compared to the long-term average

Average

temperature1961–1990

Warmerthanaverage

Colderthanaverage

© Crown Copyright

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Figure 3 The results of a survey showing the views held by UK citizens aboutgovernment strategies to tackle climate change

Government strategy

Percentage of people who believe that the UKgovernment is doing:

too much too little about right

Developing renewable energy sources 7 23 70

Afforestation schemes 14 12 74

Increasing taxes on fossil fuels 15 4 81

Carbon trading schemes 5 5 90

Participating in international agreements 13 9 78

Water conservation schemes 6 9 85

Encouraging farmers to grow new crop types 7 8 85

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Figure 4 A representation of Facebook connectivity in Europe, Africa and theMiddle East in 2011

© Paul Butler, Facebook’s data infrastructure engineering team

internet connectivitybetween Facebookusers in differentparts of the world.

are places wherelarge clusters ofFacebook usersare living.

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Figure 5 Elsie Stevens (date of birth 4th January 1910) fills in her 2011 UKnational census return

© Crown Copyright

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Figure 6 Air pollution in selected megacities in relation to World HealthOrganization (WHO) recommended maximum levels

total suspended particles (TSP)

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

 TSP: 90

SO2: 50

WHO

recommended

maximum

levels

   m    i   c   r   o   g   r   a   m   s   p   e   r   c   u    b    i   c   m   e   t   r   e

  Tokyo Mexico City Sao Paulo Rio de Janeiro

49

18

279

74

86

43

139129

sulphur dioxide (SO2) levels

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Figure 7 Changes in the atmospheric and oceanic circulations in the Pacificregion during an El Niño year

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Figure 8 Feedback changes associated with atmospheric heating

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Figure 9 Some benefits and costs of the USA’s membership of the NAFTA trade bloc

 The North American Free Trade Agreement, or NAFTA, is atrade bloc with three member states: Canada, Mexico andthe USA. Since this global grouping was created in 1994:

  tariffs have been eliminated on most tradeexchanges between members

  relocated their operations toMexico, where labour costs are cheaper

 

© Keith Tucker, Cartoon Stock 

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Figure 10 Foreign citizens as a percentage of the total resident population forsome EU and European states

© The Financial Times

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Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders to obtain their permission for the use ofcopyright material. Edexcel, a product of Pearson Education Ltd. will, if notified, be happy to rectify

any errors or omissions and include any such rectifications in future editions.

Edexcel a product of Pearson Education Ltd. gratefully acknowledges the following sources:

The Most Costly World Insurance Losses, Swiss Re, 2007

Quantifying uncertainties in global and regional temperature change, Colin Morice – John Kennedy –

Nick Rayner – Phil Jones, Met Office, 2012

Visualizing Friendships, Paul Butler, Facebook’s data infrastructure engineering team, 2010

Press photographs, UK Statistics Authority, 2011

State of the World’s Cities 2008/2009 - Harmonious Cities

Climate feedbacks

We Want Our Jobs Back , Keith Tucker, Cartoon Stock 

 The Financial Times LTD, 2011