japan-guam-australia (jga) cable

Japan-Guam-Australia (JGA) CableJGAUS

EPBC Referral Supporting Information Document

IW133900-0000-NP-RPT-014| 0

07 October 2016

EPBC Referral S upp ortin g Infor matio n Doc ume ntNextge n Gr oup H oldin gs Pty Lt d


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Japan-Guam-Australia (JGA) Cable

Project No: IW133900Document Title: EPBC Referral Supporting Information DocumentDocument No.: IW133900-0000-NP-RPT-014Revision: 0Date: 07 October 2016Proponent Name: JGAUSProject Manager: Arne de VosAuthor: Sarah Kelly, Arne de VosFile Name: C:\users\adevos\appdata\local\projectwise\jacobs_anz_ie\d0101416\IW133900-0000-NP-

RPT-0014.docx

Jacobs Australia Pty Limited

11th Floor, Durack Centre263 Adelaide TerracePO Box H615Perth WA 6001 AustraliaT +61 8 9469 4400F +61 8 9469 4488www.jacobs.com

© Copyright 2016 Jacobs Australia Pty Limited. The concepts and information contained in this document are the property of Jacobs. Use orcopying of this document in whole or in part without the written permission of Jacobs constitutes an infringement of copyright.

Limitation: This report has been prepared on behalf of, and for the exclusive use of Jacobs’ and is subject to, and issued in accordance with, the provisions of

the contract between Jacobs and the Client. Jacobs accepts no liability or responsibility whatsoever for, or in respect of, any use of, or reliance upon, this

report by any third party.

Document history and status

Revision Date Description By Review Approved

A 30.08.2016 75% Draft for Proponent Review and Input S Kelly

A de Vos

J Barrow A de Vos

B 29.09.2016 Draft for JGA review A de Vos L Boulden A de Vos

0 07.10.2016 Final A de Vos L Boulden A de Vos


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ContentsExecutive Summary ..................................................................................................................................................... 1Important note about this report ................................................................................................................................ 31. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 41.1 Proposal Overview ............................................................................................................................................. 41.2 Proponent ........................................................................................................................................................... 41.3 Scope and Purpose of this Document .............................................................................................................. 41.4 Associated Regulatory Consents...................................................................................................................... 21.5 Legislation and Regulation ................................................................................................................................ 22. Description of Proposal .................................................................................................................................. 42.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................................................. 42.2 Development Corridor ....................................................................................................................................... 42.3 Infrastructure Details.......................................................................................................................................... 6

2.3.1 Submarine Cable ............................................................................................................................................... 62.3.2 Beach Manhole .................................................................................................................................................. 8

2.3.3 Landing Station/Equipment Shelter .................................................................................................................. 82.4 Construction Method.......................................................................................................................................... 9

2.4.1 Stage 1 – Marine Route Survey ........................................................................................................................ 9

2.4.2 Stage 2 – Cable Installation ............................................................................................................................10

2.4.3 Schedule ...........................................................................................................................................................122.5 Connection to Customers ................................................................................................................................132.6 Operations ........................................................................................................................................................132.7 Maintenance .....................................................................................................................................................132.8 Decommissioning.............................................................................................................................................133. Impact Assessment Approach ....................................................................................................................143.1 Lessons Learnt from Previous Similar Projects .............................................................................................143.2 Risk Assessment .............................................................................................................................................143.3 Matters of National Environmental Significance ............................................................................................143.4 Significant Impacts ...........................................................................................................................................154. Project Justification and Route Selection .................................................................................................164.1 Project Justification ..........................................................................................................................................164.2 Route Selection Process .................................................................................................................................165. Stakeholder Consultation.............................................................................................................................176. Existing Environment....................................................................................................................................206.1 Listened Threatened Species and Ecological Communities ........................................................................206.2 Listed Migratory Species .................................................................................................................................206.3 Commonwealth Marine Areas.........................................................................................................................21

6.3.1 Marine Regions ................................................................................................................................................21


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6.3.2 Marine Reserves ..............................................................................................................................................21

6.3.3 Key Ecological Features ..................................................................................................................................216.4 NSW Aquatic Reserve .....................................................................................................................................227. Impact Assessment .......................................................................................................................................238. References ......................................................................................................................................................32

Appendix A. Vessel Technical SpecificationsAppendix B. Survey EquipmentAppendix C. Summary of Potential Presence of EPBC Listed Threatened and / or Migratory SpeciesAppendix D. Protected Matters ReportAppendix E. Radiated Power vs Source Level for Underwater Noise

Figure 1-1: Proposed cable route showing Australian Exclusive Economic Zone, protected areas and keyecological features .......................................................................................................................................................... 1Figure 2-1 Proposed cable route landing point Aboriginal and historical heritage sites............................................ 5Figure 2-2: Examples of cables that may be used ....................................................................................................... 7Figure 2-3: Indicative cable landing station design ...................................................................................................... 8Figure 2-4: Proposed onshore landing site ................................................................................................................... 8Figure 2-5: Example of plough system ....................................................................................................................... 12


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Executive SummaryOverviewRTI CONNECTIVITY PTY. LTD (the ‘Proponent’) is proposing to construct and operate an offshore submarinefibre optic cable network between Australia and Japan, via Guam (henceforth referred to as the ‘Proposal’ or‘JGA Project’). The proposed route within the Australian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is shown in Figure 1-1.The proposed cable system will fulfil current and emerging telecommunication demands.

This document provides supporting information to assist the Commonwealth Minister for the Environment indetermining whether the Proposal requires approval under the Environment Protection and BiodiversityConservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) (Commonwealth).

This document, has been prepared as part of the referral of the Proposal under the EPBC Act. Its purpose is topresent an environmental impact assessment of the Proposal and other information as relevant under the EPBCAct. This document should be read in conjunction with the EPBC Referral Form prepared for the Proposal.

It should be noted that certain components of the Proposal are regulated under the CommonwealthTelecommunication Act 1997 (Cth). This Act allows licensed carriers to undertake certain low impact activitieswithout the need for further approvals. Notwithstanding this, all aspects of the Proposal that may have anenvironmental impact within Commonwealth territory and / or on Matters of National Environmental Significancehave been considered within the environmental impact assessment presented within this document.

The Proposal

The proposal involves the installation of approximately 9400 km of fibre optic cable from Narrabeen Beach,Sydney, New South Wales to Guam and Guam to Japan. Approximately 1,351 km of the cable lies within theAustralian EEZ.

The project will be executed in two stages:

· Stage 1 – Marine route survey to obtain a detailed account of the seabed

· Stage 2 – Installation of the cable.

Activities related to the Proposal that may impact on MNES include:

· Geophysical survey (Stage 1)

· Construction of onshore landing station (Stage 2)

· Cable beach crossings via Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) at Narrabeen Beach (Stage 2)

· Cable lay and burial (Stage 2).

To facilitate the identification of an optimum alignment post geophysical survey, the Proponent is seekingapproval for a development corridor within which the final route will be located. The proposed developmentcorridor is approximately 10 km in width, and becomes narrower as it enters shallower water and approachesthe cable landing point at Narrabeen Beach. The development corridor approach allows for flexibility in the finalroute selection and in turn, selection of the most appropriate route from an engineering, construction andenvironmental perspective.


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Assessment of Impacts to the environment and Matters of National EnvironmentalSignificance

A search of the EPBC Act Protected Matters database was conducted for the proposed cable route on the02/08/16, including a conservative 10 km buffer along the cable route. An assessment of the predicted impactson Matters of National Environmental Significance (MNES) was then undertaken. Based on this impactassessment it is considered unlikely that the Proposal will result in any significant impacts to the environmentincluding MNES.

The following table details the assessment of the relevance of each MNES with respect to the Proposed Action.Where the MNES has been identified as relevant, the result of the assessment of the potential impacts againstthe significance criteria (based on Significant Impact Guidelines 1.1 – Matters of National EnvironmentalSignificance, DoE 2013) is also provided.

Matters of National Environmental Significance Assessment against significance criteria

World Heritage Properties Not relevant

World Heritage Places Not relevant

Wetlands of International Importance Not relevant

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Not relevant

Commonwealth Marine Area Based on the predicted impacts and the relevant significance criteria,it is considered highly unlikely that the proposal will have a significantimpact on the Commonwealth Marine Area.

Listed Threatened Species and Ecological Communities Based on the predicted impacts and the relevant significance criteria,it is considered highly unlikely that the proposal will have a significantimpact on Listed Threatened Species.

No Impact is expected to occur to Listed Ecological Communities.

Listed Migratory Species Based on the predicted impacts and the relevant significance criteria,it is considered highly unlikely that the proposal will have a significantimpact on any migratory species.

Nuclear actions (including uranium mines) Not Relevant

Protection of water resources from coal seam gas development orlarge coal mining development.

Not Relevant


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Important note about this reportThe sole purpose of this report and the associated services performed by Jacobs is to undertake and documentan environmental impact assessment in accordance with the scope of services instructions to Jacobs from theProponent. That scope of services, as described in this report, was developed with the Proponent.

In preparing this report, Jacobs has relied upon, and presumed accurate, any information (or confirmation of theabsence thereof) provided by the Proponent and/or from other sources. Except as otherwise stated in the report,Jacobs has not attempted to verify the accuracy or completeness of any such information. If the information issubsequently determined to be false, inaccurate or incomplete then it is possible that our observations andconclusions as expressed in this report may change.

Jacobs derived the data in this report from information sourced from the Proponent (if any) and/or available inthe public domain at the time or times outlined in this report. The passage of time, manifestation of latentconditions or impacts of future events may require further examination of the project and subsequent dataanalysis, and re-evaluation of the data, findings, observations and conclusions expressed in this report.

Jacobs has prepared this report in accordance with the usual care and thoroughness of the consultingprofession, for the sole purpose described above and by reference to applicable standards, guidelines,procedures and practices at the date of issue of this report. For the reasons outlined above, however, no otherwarranty or guarantee, whether expressed or implied, is made as to the data, observations and findingsexpressed in this report, to the extent permitted by law.

This report should be read in full and no excerpts are to be taken as representative of the findings. Noresponsibility is accepted by Jacobs for use of any part of this report in any other context.

This report has been prepared on behalf of, and for the exclusive use of, Jacobs’ Proponent, and is subject to,and issued in accordance with, instructions to Jacobs from the Proponent.

Jacobs accepts no liability or responsibility whatsoever for, or in respect of, any use of, or reliance upon, thisreport by any third party.


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1. Introduction1.1 Proposal OverviewJGAUS (the ‘Proponent’) is proposing to construct and operate an offshore submarine fibre optic cable networkbetween Australia and Japan, via Guam (henceforth referred to as the ‘Proposal’ or ‘JGA Project’). Theproposed route within the Australian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is shown in Figure 1-1. The proposedcable system will fulfil current and emerging telecommunication demands.

This document provides supporting information to assist the Commonwealth Minister for the Environment indetermining whether the Proposal requires approval under the Environment Protection and BiodiversityConservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) (Commonwealth).

1.2 Proponent

The Proponent’s infrastructure will be subject to the regulatory regime of the Telecommunications Act 1997(Commonwealth), as well it is intended that the Proponent will have a relationship with a licensed carrier underthis Act. The contact person for the proposal is below:

Proponent JGAUS

Contact Agent acting on behalf of the Proponent, Greg Neylan, Nextgen Networks, Regulatory,Compliance and Access Manager

Address Level 8, 333 Collins Street, Melbourne VIC 3000

Phone +61 3 8620 6481

Email [email protected]

1.3 Scope and Purpose of this Document

This document, has been prepared as part of the referral of the Proposal under the EPBC Act. Its purpose is topresent an environmental impact assessment of the Proposal and other information as relevant under the EPBCAct. This document should be read in conjunction with the EPBC Referral Form prepared for the Proposal.

The scope of the referred Proposal is limited to construction and operation of the JGA Project including theundertaking of the geophysical survey. Where construction activities within State or Territory waters maypotentially affect Matters of National Environmental Significance (MNES), these activities have been consideredwithin this document.

The scope of this referral is limited to activities within the NSW State Waters and Commonwealth Waters withinthe Australian EEZ and does not include any potential future spurs or customer connections. Regulatoryrequirements with respect to spurs or potential future customer connection will be managed separately either bythe Proponent or the Customers themselves.

It should be noted that certain components of the Proposal are regulated under the CommonwealthTelecommunication Act 1997 (Cth). This Act allows licensed carriers to undertake certain low impact activitieswithout the need for further approvals. Notwithstanding this, all aspects of the Proposal that may have anenvironmental impact within Commonwealth territory and / or on MNES have been considered within theenvironmental impact assessment presented within this document.


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Figure 1-1: Proposed cable route showing Australian Exclusive Economic Zone, protected areas and key ecological features


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1.4 Associated Regulatory Consents

The Proposal requires consent from additional regulatory agencies in accordance with State, Commonwealthand international legislation and regulations. These are summarised in Table 1-1. The proponent is proceedingwith obtaining these consents in parallel with the design process and the EPBC referral process.

Table 1-1: Required consents and approvals

Consent Details

Australian Communications andMedia Authority (ACMA)

Permits to install a cable offshore in the ACMA’s (1) Northern Protection Zone, and (2) the Non-Protection Zone.

Northern Beach Council Local government planning and construction approvals for a terrestrial cable landing station, aswell as long term lease of crown land vested in local government for this purpose

International JGA has relationships with landing parties in Guam and Japan and permitting processes are inhand. In international waters, JGA requires cable deployment practices to comply with all relevantinternational legislation and conventions. From a technical perspective, the deploymentrequirements ensure that all works must comply with latest ITU-T specifications. All Australianworks adhere to AS/ANZ standards, for example AS3000 for electrical wiring. All dealings withother cable companies, regardless of being in territorial or international waters, will be consistentwith International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC) guidelines.

1.5 Legislation and Regulation

Relevant Commonwealth legislation applicable to the Proposal is listed in Table 1-2. It should be noted thatcertain aspects of the proposal are regulated under the Telecommunication Act 1997 (Commonwealth).

Table 1-2: Legislation Relevant to the Proposal

Legislation Description

Commonwealth

Aboriginal and Torres Strait IslanderHeritage Protection Act 1984

This Act preserves areas and objects under threat that are significant to or in accordance with,Aboriginal tradition.

Australian Heritage Council Act This Act establishes and grants powers to the Australian Heritage Council to promote AustralianHeritage.

Biosecurity Act 2015 The Biosecurity Act sets up new requirements and regulatory powers that will affect how thedepartment manages the biosecurity risks associated with goods, people and conveyancesentering Australia. Some changes will be more noticeable, while others will happen behind thescenes.

Environment Protection andBiodiversity Conservation Act 1999

This Act facilitates national environmental assessment and approvals, protects Australianbiodiversity and integrates the management of important natural and cultural places. Actions thatare likely to have a significant impact on a matter of national environmental significance (MNES)may undergo a detailed assessment and approvals process.

Environmental Protection (SeaDumping Act) 1981

This Act protects the environment by regulating dumping into the sea, incineration at sea andartificial reef placements.

Native Title Act 1993 This Act recognises and gives protection to native title.

Navigation Act 1972 This Act regulates the transport of material by waterways that do not come under the jurisdiction ofthe states and territories.


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Telecommunications Act 1997 This Act regulates telecommunications networks, customer equipment and customer cabling.

Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976 This Act protects historic wrecks and associated relics in Commonwealth waters.

NSW

Protection of the EnvironmentOperations Act 1997

This Act establishes the NSW environmental regulatory framework and includes a licensingrequirement for certain activities. It includes strict provisions relating to pollution of waters in NSW.

Environmental Planning andAssessment Act 1979

This Act institutes a system of environmental planning and assessment for the State. The StateEnvironmental Planning Policy (Infrastructure) 2007 provides a consistent planning regime underthis Act.

Fisheries Management Act 1994 This Act relates to the management of fishery resources.

Marine Estates Management Act2014

This Act provides for the protection and management of the marine estate include marine parksand aquatic reserves.

Heritage Act 1977 This Act makes provisions to conserve the State’s environmental heritage. It provides for theidentification and registration of items of State heritage significance, provides for the interimprotection of items of State heritage significance, constitutes the Heritage Council of New SouthWales and confers on it functions relating to the State's heritage.


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2. Description of Proposal2.1 Overview

The proposal involves the installation of approximately 9400 km of fibre optic cable from Narrabeen Beach,Sydney, New South Wales to Guam and Guam to Japan. Approximately 1,351 km of the cable lies within theAustralian EEZ.

The project will be executed in two stages:

· Stage 1 – Marine route survey to obtain a detailed account of the seabed

· Stage 2 – Installation of the cable.

Activities related to the Proposal that may impact on MNES include:

· Geophysical survey (Stage 1)

· Construction of onshore landing station (Stage 2)

· Cable beach crossings via Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) at Narrabeen Beach (Stage 2)

· Cable lay and burial (Stage 2).

The development corridor (refer to Section 2.2) for the proposed cable route within Australian waters is shown inFigure 1-1.The proposed route has been designed to avoid all known sensitive receptors, where practicable.Please refer to Section 4 for a description of the route selection process.

2.2 Development Corridor

To facilitate the identification of an optimum alignment post geophysical survey, the Proponent is seekingapproval for a development corridor within which the final cable route will be located. The proposeddevelopment corridor is approximately 10 km in width, and becomes narrower as it enters shallower water andapproaches the cable landing point at Narrabeen Beach. The development corridor approach allows for flexibilityin the final route selection and in turn, selection of the most appropriate route from an engineering, constructionand environmental perspective. The proposed development corridor within Australian waters is shown in Figure1-1. The development corridor for the cable section close to the landing point is shown in Figure 2-1.


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Figure 2-1 Proposed cable route landing point Aboriginal and historical heritage sites


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2.3 Infrastructure Details

2.3.1 Submarine Cable

The proposed cable types will vary along the route, with diameters ranging from 17 mm to 35 mm. The cablewidth is determined by the level of armouring that is applied, which in turn is determined by the depth of water,risks to cable and seabed type where the cable section is being laid. The cable will carry an electrical charge ofup to 12000 volts (Direct Current (DC)), at each cable landing, which is a requirement for the operation of thecable and associated equipment along its length. The cable includes insulation to protect the fibre optic strands,as well as external areas, from electromagnetic emissions from the power transmission. Table 2-1 shows whichcable type, subject to seabed features are likely to be used at the various depth ranges along the cable routeand Table 2-2 shows the likely installation method. In water depths up to 1000 m below sea level, the cable willbe buried to provide extra protection and stabilisation. Beyond these depths the cable will be laid directly on theseabed. Figure 2-2 shows an example of the various cable types.

Table 2-1: Range of cable types, applications, features and methods of installation

Cable Type Application Features

Lightweight · Benign, sandy bottom

· Depths to 8000 m

· Core cable

· Light protection

· Outside diameter approximately 17 mm

Lightweight Protected · Partially rocky bottom

· Risk of moderate abrasion and/ordamage by marine life

· Depths up to 7000 m

· Metallic tape and polyethylene outer jacketapplied over core

· Additional abrasion protection

· Hydrogen sulphide protection

· Outside diameter approximately 19.6 mm

Single Armoured Light · Rocky terrain

· Moderate risk of trawler damage

· Depth to 2000 m

· Normally used for burial

· Light armour wire layer applied to core cable


Single Armoured · Very rocky terrain

· High risk of trawler damage

· Depth to 1200 m

· Heavy armour wire layer applied to core cable


Double Armoured · Rocky terrainhigh risk of trawler damage

· Moderate abrasion risk

· Depth to 500 m

· Two armour wire layers applied to core cable


Table 2-2: Proposed cable types and methods of installation

Application Cable Type Features

Mean Low Water Mark to 15-20 Single Armour Installed in Horizontal Directional Drilled Conduit

15-20 to 35 Double or Single Armour Plough or Jet Burial

35 to 1000 Double or Single Armour Plough Burial

1000 to 2000 Single Armour Surface Lay

2000 to 3500 Light Weight Protected Surface Lay


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3500 to 5000 Light Weight Protected Surface Lay

The cross section to the right shows a lightweightprotected cable that will be utilised in water depthsgreater than 1000 m for surface lay activities. Thelightweight cable includes a metallic screen andpolyethylene outer jacket applied over the core cablefor basic protection from moderate abrasion and/orattack by marine life (Alcatel Lucent, 2013a). Thismethod of protection is applied when there are noknown risks to the cable from human factors. Theinsulating sheath consists of Ethylene-PropyleneRubber (EPR) dielectric and protects the cable fromelectromagnetic emissions (ICPC, 2011).

The cross section to the right shows a single armourcable that will be utilised in the HDD drilling processand in water depths between 500 m to 1000 m. Thesingle armour cable includes a light to heavy armourwire layer (galvanised steel) applied to the core cable,with additional abrasion protection consisting of ahydrogen sulphide protection (PIP yarns) (AlcatelLucent, 2013a). This level of protection also includes a‘flooding compound’ that consists of a bituminousbased material blended with synthetic polymers forbonding and corrosion protection between thearmouring wires and plastic sheath (ICPC, 2011 andH&R ChemPharm Ltd, 2006). This type of protection isapplied in areas with a moderate to high risk of trawlerdamage.

The cross section to the right shows a double armourcable that will be utilised during shallow water layoperations (less than 1000 m deep). It consists of thesame protective measures applied to the cable core asthe previous cable cross section however; it alsoincludes a second armour wire layer. This type ofprotection is required in areas with a high risk fromtrawler damage as it substantially reduces thepotential for a cable being snagged (Alcatel Lucent,2013a). It also protects the cable in areas exposed toharsh wave conditions as with the coastline.

Figure 2-2: Examples of cables that may be used


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2.3.2 Beach Manhole

The proposed cable will traverse the beach and dune areas underground, emerging via a beach manhole,approximately 2 m x 2 m x 2 m in size (underground). The beach manhole is required to facilitate the initialshore end landing, cable haul and cable maintenance.

2.3.3 Landing Station/Equipment Shelter

A permanent cable landing station / equipment shelter will be required onshore at Narrabeen. The shelter willlikely consist of a transportable building with cosmetic treatment and will be approximately 3.2 m high. Theshelter will be constructed on a minimum lot size and will be fully fenced. The shelter will contain the requiredelectronic equipment to maintain the operation of the cable and will also contain a power generator. The shelterwill be unmanned during operation. Figure 2-3 shows an indicative landing station design. Figure 2-4 shows thelocation of the proposed beach manhole.

Figure 2-3: Indicative cable landing station design

Figure 2-4: Proposed onshore landing site


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2.4 Construction Method

2.4.1 Stage 1 – Marine Route Survey

A marine route survey, otherwise known as a geophysical survey, will be undertaken along the proposed cableroute (including at a minimum the width of the development corridor) and will incorporate technical methods andprocedures similar to other geophysical surveys conducted in Australian waters. No unique or unusualequipment or operations are proposed.

The aim of the survey is to acquire detailed bathymetry together with details of seabed type and sediment layerthickness, to inform the final route selection and installation methods. In waters greater than 1000 m in depth,sediment layer thickness is not required as the cable will be laid directly on to the seabed.

The exact vessel that will be used for the survey has not yet been confirmed. Examples of the types of vesselthat could potentially be used for the survey are provided in Appendix A. Vessels will likely come frominternational waters; however, this is yet to be confirmed. All State and Commonwealth biosecurity requirementswill be complied with to prevent the introduction or spread of Invasive Marine Species (IMS).

In deep waters, information will be acquired via a single pass. In shallower waters, multiple passes may berequired to achieve the required coverage. The vessel will operate at between 4 – 7 knots depending on waterdepth.

In very shallow waters (typically <20 m), it may not be safe to operate the main survey vessel. In this case, asmall local vessel may be mobilized with portable survey equipment to complete the survey.

The acoustic equipment that will be used to obtain the required data will include a Multi-beam Echo sounder(MBES), a Side Scan Sonar (SSS) and a Sub-bottom Profiler (SBP). A summary of the survey equipmentproposed for the marine route survey has been included in 0 and is also described below.

Multi-beam Echo Sounder (MBES)

The MBES will be used to measure the depth of the water. It will operate at 12 kHz in deep water and 300 kHzin shallow water (Alcatel Lucent, 2013b). The MBES works by measuring the time interval between emissionsand return of a broad acoustic fan shaped pulse emitted from a specially designed transducer across the fullswath across track (Fugro, 2001).

Side Scan Sonar (SSS)

The SSS will be used to determine the composition of the seafloor in water depths from 0-1000 m. SSS worksby ensonifying a strip of seabed and measuring the intensity of the returning sound waves (Fugro, 2001).

Sub-bottom Profile (SBP)

The SBP will be used for determining the structure of the upper few metres of seabed. It operates in the 1-10kHz range (Alcatel Lucent, 2013b).

Other Survey Equipment

A range of other equipment (non-acoustic) will be used for ground truthing the measurements of the acousticequipment including, grab samplers and gravity corers, magnetometers; and possibly Cone PenetrometerTesting (CPT) (Alcatel Lucent, 2013b).

Narrabeen Landing Site


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A limited low energy geophysical survey and drilling of borehole(s) are expected to be undertaken onshore toconfirm the geotechnical conditions around the HDD landing site.

2.4.2 Stage 2 – Cable Installation

Cable installation will consist of onshore HDD and various cable lay methods in the nearshore and offshoreareas. Examples of the types of vessel that could potentially be used for the cable lay are provided in AppendixA. The various techniques for cable installation are described in detail below (Alcatel Lucent, 2013b).

Cable Beach Crossing via Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD)

The beach crossings will be drilled via HDD with an internal diameter of approximately 100 mm. The processinvolves drilling a horizontal hole (pilot hole) at the onshore entry point. The drill bit will then be steered over apredetermined pathway underneath the shoreline to the exit point offshore, where divers will recover the drillingassembly once all equipment has been removed from the seabed. Typically, fluids are released to the seabedonce the drill bit is removed. Analysis was undertaken to quantify the volume of drilling fluids that may potentiallybe released to the surrounding environment and are estimated to be between: 20 – 30 m3. To combat this, thepositioning of the drill head will be monitored constantly and additional water will be added if fluids areanticipated to be lost. The addition of water will alleviate the loss of bentonite and polymers to the water column(Jacobs SKM, 2014 and Read, 2004).

Drilling muds will be used to stabilize the hole and remove cuttings out of the borehole back to the surface(Jacobs SKM, 2014). Prior to drilling operations commencing, mud mixing will take place. After consultation andviewing the geotechnical investigation, a drilling fluid will be prepared specific to the local conditions to beencountered. Using a fresh water supply, a rapid yielding high solids Bentonite will be prepared in the makeuptank of the Solids Control Unit. The fluid will be prepared with the assistance of a qualified Mud Technician.Additives may be necessary depending on the water quality and the varying cross section of materialsencountered during the drilling process. The final fluid selection will depend on various factors such as the abilityto form filter cake within the more porous material, most likely on the subsea exit approach. In addition to theseimportant factors, the drilling fluid also helps to suspend solids and carry them to the surface with the assistanceof constant fluid velocity. The drilling fluid also helps lubricate the drill pipe and maintain hole stability. Allmaterials to be used on site will have approvals and copies of their Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) readily available(Coe Drilling Pty Ltd, 2013). Please refer to Section 7 for an assessment of the impacts associated with thisrelease.

Pre-cable Lay Activities

Before the cable is laid, a clearance process will be undertaken to specifically remove debris along the route. APre-Lay Grapnel Run (PLGR), which involves towing a grapnel device along the seafloor, will also beundertaken immediately prior to cable installation to remove common marine debris from within the area. APLGR will not be used in any planned surface lay areas and will only be conducted within areas planned forburial (Alcatel Lucent, 2013b). This method involves towing a grapnel array through the area and is therefore,not designed for deep penetration into the seabed. If deeper penetration is required, a spear point type grapnelcan be included in the array, or a de-trenching grapnel can be used (Alcatel Lucent, 2013b).

The method will be to launch the grapnel and pay out a towing line scope appropriate to the depth of water. Thetowing line is passed over a sensitive dynamometer which is monitored continuously. Changes in recordedtension may indicate that debris has been encountered. The grapnel is recovered and any debris cleared andretained on board. The grapnel array is then redeployed. Even if no tension increases are noted, the grapnel isrecovered to the surface at regular intervals, to allow visual checking of the condition of the grapnel. Each timethe grapnel is re-deployed, the launch position is adjusted so there is an overlap between each grapnel drive.The lengths of the individual drives will be nominally around 30 km each, although it may be shortened


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if excessive debris is being recovered, and may be extended if very little or no debris is beingrecovered over the earlier drives. Towing speeds will be approximately 1.5 km/hr (Alcatel Lucent, 2013b).

Cable Lay and Burial

When landing the cable to shore, the maximum length that can be handled is about 3 km. The main cable layvessel is typically limited to water depths of 15 m or more. As the 15 m contour is close to shore, the main cablelay vessel will deploy the landing cable. Cable payout from the main cable ship will be by a Linear Cable Engine(LCE). During shallow water lay operations (usually in Double Armour, typically in water depths less than 100 mdepth), the cable payout will be in bottom tension mode, where the LCE speed is automatically varied tomaintain outboard cable tension at a set value (usually between 2 – 5 knots).

In water depths <1000 m, the cable will be buried. Burial will primarily be achieved via a combination of thefollowing, depending on seabed conditions:

· Plough burial

· Trenching

· Post lay burial via jetting.

Plough burial can be undertaken simultaneously to the laying of the cable and will be used where sufficientsuitable sediment exists in waters up to 1000 m water depth. As the plough is lowered to the seafloor and pulledalong by the cable ship, the cable is simultaneously threaded through the plough. The plough creates a narrowtrench approximately 200 mm wide into which it places the cable before burying it. The machine proposed to beused for ploughing will be a Soil Machine Dynamics Ltd long-beam type plough (or similar) with a maximumpenetration into the seafloor in ideal conditions of 2.4 m. An example of the plough system is shown in Figure2-5. Target cable depth for deployment by plough for this project is 1 m.

Where sufficient suitable sediment does not exist, alternate means of burial will be required. One such methodinvolves trenching through soft rocky areas to create a narrow trench to a target depth of 0.5 m below theseabed. The cable is then laid in the trench and covered by natural sedimentation. Divers may be used tocomplete the backfill, if required. No material is proposed to be bought to the site for use as backfill.

In other areas where ploughing is not suitable a Remotely Operated Submersible Vehicle (ROV) using jettingtechniques may be used as an alternative method to bury the cable. At crossing points in waters less than 30 mdeep, jetting may be undertaken by diver hand-held apparatus.

Surface lay of the cable will be used where it is not feasible to bury the cable, or where there is no threat to thecable if it is laid on the surface.

In areas where cable protection is necessary, but burial via the above methods is not feasible, a number ofalternate methods exist for cable laying in situations where the seafloor material is too hard for cable burial byjetting and ploughing techniques, e.g. existence of rock or stiff clay. The methods include:

· Placement of a rock berm over the cable

· Draping of a prefabricated flexible concrete mattress over the cable

· Use of articulated pipe and stapling, involving the fitting of a split cast iron piping around the cable which isthen stapled or clamped to the seafloor – this technique is limited to less than 30 m due to the diver bottomline.


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Figure 2-5: Example of plough system

Crossing Existing Cables

The proposed cable will cross a number of existing cables including:

· Australia - Papua New Guinea 2

· PacRimWest

· Southern Cross Cable Network

· Gondwana

· PPC_1

· Tasman Global

· Australia Japan Cable.

In locations where crossing existing cables is necessary, arrangements are negotiated between the parties.Ploughing is typically not used within 500 m either side of a cable crossing. Cable crossings are usuallycompleted by laying the new cable over the existing cable, with protective materials attached to the new cable toprevent impact on the existing cable. Where seabed conditions are suitable, a remote operation vehicle withjetting tool may be used to achieve coverage of the crossing cable.

Commissioning

Once installed, the cable will be tested and commissioned. This process is expected to take approximately 2months.

2.4.3 Schedule

The Proposal will be undertaken in following distinct phases as shown in Table 2-3:


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Table 2-3: Proposed Schedule

Activity Expected Commencement Duration

Marine route survey Q2 2017 Approximately 1 month in Australian waters

Horizontal direction drilling Q2 2018 Approximately 4-5 weeks consisting of:

· Mobilisation and drilling set up (1 week)

· Drilling (conduits) (3 weeks)

· Clean-up and demobilization (1 week)

Cable installation Q2/Q3 2018 Approximately 1-2 months

Landing station Q1 2018 Approximately 3 – 4 months

Commissioning Q3/4 2018 Approximately 1-2 months

2.5 Connection to Customers

The scope of this referral does not include customer connections. Regulatory requirement with respect to futurecustomer connection will be managed separately either by the Proponent or the Customers themselves.

2.6 Operations

Operation of the cable will be managed remotely via the Proponent’s operations centre in Sydney. Maintenanceand corrective actions will be undertaken at the equipment shelter on an as needs basis.

It is not envisaged that maintenance activities will be undertaken on the cable unless unforeseen correctiveaction is required.

2.7 Maintenance

Once installed, it is not expected that the cable network will require any routine maintenance activity. In theunlikely event of damage or failure of the cable, relevant authorities and stakeholders will be consulted. In thiscase, it is likely that repairs will involve hauling the cable to the surface for repair. Sufficient slack will beincluded in the cable to allow for this eventuality.

2.8 Decommissioning

The life of the cable is a minimum of 25 years and removal of the decommissioned cable is not consideredfeasible for the following reasons:

· The potential environmental impacts of the retrieval and disposal of buried cable are likely to significantlyoutweigh the impacts of leaving an inert cable in place. The commercial costs of retrieval and disposal ofburied cable are likely to significantly affect the commercial viability of the Proposal

· Developing technology may extend the life of the cable, or may lead to recommissioning of the cable forviable future use.


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3. Impact Assessment Approach3.1 Lessons Learnt from Previous Similar Projects

The Proponent’s agent in Australia, Nextgen Networks Pty Ltd, has undertaken a review of previous similarprojects, such as the Australia Singapore Cable (ASC) and the Darwin to Port Hedland Cable (SKIRON). Thelessons learnt from the reviewed projects have been applied to this Proposal.

The key lesson that is being applied to this Proposal is the application of a development corridor in which thefinal cable route will lie. The development corridor is being applied to provide flexibility in the final route selectionand to allow for the selection of the most appropriate route from an engineering and environmental perspective,without the requirement to re-refer the Proposal or apply for changes to the relevant approvals. This approachwill allow for the final route to be designed to avoid:

· Seabed features

· Identified potential heritage sites

· Identified potential key habitat areas such as rocky reefs, canyons and seamounts.

This approach was discussed with the Department of Environment and Energy (DoEE) during a consultationmeeting on 27 July 2016.

3.2 Risk Assessment

An environmental risk assessment was undertaken early in the assessment process to identify the key andrelevant factors in relation to this Proposal. The approach used was to identify all potential environmental risksand then assess the significance of the risk and potential impacts with standard management measures applied.Risk areas which were identified as significant or where uncertainty with respect to the significance was presentwere identified for further investigation with respect to the potential impacts and suitable management andmitigation measures. The risk assessment was presented to the DoEE during the pre-referral meeting and wasalso used during project workshops between the project engineers and environmental specialists to finalise thecable route (Jacobs 2016).

3.3 Matters of National Environmental Significance

MNES, including nationally and internally important flora, fauna, ecological communities and heritage places areafforded protection under the EPBC Act. It is a requirement of the EPBC Act that any action that has, will haveor is likely to have a significant impact on MNES, must not be undertaken without being referred to the DoEE forassessment as to whether the Proposal constitutes a ‘controlled action’. If the Proposal is deemed a ‘controlledaction’ implementation will consequently be subject to an approval from the Federal Minister for theEnvironment. A search of the EPBC Act Protected Matters database was conducted for the proposed cableroute on the 02/08/16, including a conservative 10 km buffer along the cable route (DoEE. 2016f). The relevantMNES are provided in Table 3-1.


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Table 3-1: Matters of National Environmental Significance relevant to this Proposal

Matters of National Environmental Significance Relevant to this Proposal

World Heritage Properties Not relevant

World Heritage Places Not relevant

Wetlands of International Importance Not relevant

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Not relevant

Commonwealth Marine Area Relevant – Potential impacts that can be managed with standardmeasures

Listed Threatened Species and Ecological Communities Relevant- Potential impacts requiring active management asdescribed Section 7

Listed Migratory Species Relevant- Potential impacts requiring active management asdescribed Section 7

Nuclear actions (including uranium mines) Not Relevant

Protection of water resources from coal seam gas development orlarge coal mining development.

Not Relevant

MNES relevant to the Proposal are discussed further in the following sections. As the development is notsituated near any World Heritage Properties, National Heritage Places, Wetlands of International Importance, ornear the Great Barrier Reef, and is not a nuclear action or associated with coal seam gas activities, thesecriteria are not discussed further.

3.4 Significant Impacts

The DoEE provides the following guidance for testing the significance of impacts on MNES; Significant ImpactGuidelines 1.1 – Matters of National Environmental Significance. The guidelines define a significant impact as‘an impact which is important, notable, or of consequence, having regard to its context or intensity’, and providecriteria for assessing the significance of the impacts (DoE 2013).

Section 7 presents an assessment of the predicted impacts on MNES. Based on this impact assessment it isconsidered unlikely that the Proposal will result in any significant impacts to MNES.


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4. Project Justification and Route Selection4.1 Project Justification

The proposed JGA Project will provide an alternative route for communication traffic between Australia, Guamand Japan, significantly improving the international connectivity of these countries and encouraging competitionwhile enhancing the diversity in essential routes in the south/east Pacific. Using Guam as an emergingalternative hub, JGA will provide paths to Asia and the United States of America, through access to other cablesystems landed in Guam.

4.2 Route Selection Process

The route selection process was based on the following requirements:

· Engineering feasibility – requirement to avoid seabed features such as steep slopes, in particular thecontinental slope. Also requirements around crossing existing cable systems, in particular active ones

· Environmental impact minimisation – avoids key ecological features where practicable and avoids areas ofhigh ecological value (for example canyons, seamounts and rocky reefs)

· Route length – the shortest distance possible is favourable in order to reduce installation costs andmaintain project commercial viability.

Examples of how the route selection within Australian waters has been applied to achieve a betterenvironmental outcome include (Figure 1-1):

· Several seamounts exist approximately 200 km off the coast of Brisbane. The JGA Project is routed east ofthese seamounts

· The cable has been routed through the Defence Practice Area off Sydney so as to avoid the Canyons onthe Eastern Continental Slope Key Ecological Feature

· The route stays perpendicular to the continental slope off Sydney and enters into the cable protection areaat a route distance off approximately 92 km from the shore and in about 2,000 m water depth.

· It is noted that there are a number of charted shipwrecks located about 5 km offshore Sydney. The cablehas been routed to avoid these obstructions

· Horizontal directions drilling (HDD) works at the beach landing have been designed specifically to ensurethat there are no significant impacts to the beach or adjacent areas such as the Narrabeen Head AquaticReserve.

Note: the marine route survey identifies the geotechnical properties of the seabed and shallow subsurfacematerials to help design the optimum cable route.


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5. Stakeholder ConsultationA wide range of stakeholders have been identified and consulted with for the Proposal. Consultation undertakento date is detailed in Table 5-1.

Table 5-1: Summary of Stakeholder Consultation

Stakeholder Topics/Issues Raised Proponent Responses

Department ofEnvironment andEnergy

Who : Lauren Ooi

Date: 27/07/2016

Format: Pre-referralmeeting with follow upemail received on29/07/2016.

The DoEE raised the following points that shouldbe considered when submitting the referral:

Project Details”

· The length, depth and width of the proposedcable route corridor and how the finalinstallation route will be determined (includingsuitable maps/figures).

· Details of the actual HDD and ploughdisturbance areas, proximity to existing cablesand potential locations of transmission boxes.

· Terrestrial landing and/or branching options,should both the northern and southern ACMAcable protection zones be investigated.

· Description of all stages of the project,including procedures should maintenance /operational recovery be required, and whydecommissioning will/will not be undertaken.

· A summary of any other permits (and theirtimings) required by other regulatory bodies.

Description of survey methodology procedures

· Indicative project dates

· Estimated duration of each component andlikely hours of operation

· How this may impact on MNES

Results of Ecological Surveys and/or Detailed riskanalysis and potential quantum of impacts of theaction to MNES including:

· Marine and migratory species

· Breeding or biologically important migratoryhabitats

· Commonwealth marine reserves

Providing sufficient avoidance and mitigationmeasures

· Particular manners need to be specified in thereferral

Examples include: incorporating marine faunaobservers, specifying minimum cable laying

The requested information has been included within thereferral documentation as indicated below.

Refer to Section 2

Refer to Section 2.4.2

The southern ACMA protection zone is not currentlybeing considered as an option for this proposal.

Refer to Section 2

Refer to Section 1.4

Refer to Section 2.4.1 and 2.4.3

Refer to Section 7

As sufficient information is available via desktop reviewof existing data, no ecological surveys have beenundertaken for this proposal. Refer to Section 7 for anoverview of the predicted impacts and managementmeasures.

Refer to Section 7 for an overview of the predictedimpacts and management measures.


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distances from rocky shores, seagrass meadowsor other known habitat features; timing outside ofwhale migration and standard managementprocedures and commitment to compliance andsighting reports as per EPBC Act Policy Statement2.1.

NSW Department ofPrimary Industries(Fisheries)

Who : Sarah Conacher(Fisheries Manager)

Date: 09/09/2016

Format: Email

Noted that approvals for this project will proceedunder the Telecommunications Act. As such, nopermits are required under Part 7 of the FisheriesManagement Act.

Requested proponent to consult with thecommercial fishing operators in the Sydney area todiscuss any potential impacts to their business, inparticular trawling activities off Narrabeen.Including Sydney Fish Market and Darren Hale(Senior Fisheries Manager, DPI).

Marine Planning Unit requests the cable andconstruction activities remain outside theNarrabeen Head Aquatic Reserve. This is amarine protected area and they want to minimiseimpacts to this zone. The proponent is requestedto verify that the cable and the horizontal drillingactivities will remain outside the aquatic reserve.

Noted

The proponent will consult with these stakeholders priorto cable lay activities taking place.

Response provided by proponent on 27/09/2016:

Based on the current design the cable will go under thecoast line and beach (via horizontal directional drilling(HDD)) just north of the marine reserve. The results ofthe route survey will be used to determine the final cablealignment. Preference will be given to crossing under thecoast to the north or south of the reserve. If this is notpossible due to engineering reasons, the cable mayneed to go under the reserve, however it should benoted that this will be within the bedrock at a depth of atleast 20m. Given the depth and size of the cableborehole (approximately 125 mm diameter), it isconsidered that there is a very low likelihood of anyimpacts occurring to the marine reserve.

NSW Department ofPlanning andEnvironment

The Department informed that under the StateEnvironmental Planning Policy (Infrastructure)2007 - Reg 114A, development of submarinecables are permitted without consent.

As such the Department does not need any furtherconsultation in regards to the project and nofurther consents from the Department are required.

Noted

NSW EPA, NSW Officeof Environment andHeritage

Who : Mark Hanemann

Date: 17/08/2016,30/08/2016

Based on the information provided to the EPA, theproposal does not constitute a scheduled activityunder the NSW Protection of the EnvironmentOperations Act 1997, and is therefore, not requiredto be licenced by the EPA.

The EPA understands that the proposal is not

Noted

See below – Northern Beach’s Council has been


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Format: Phone, Email. being undertaken on behalf of a NSW PublicAuthority. Northern Beaches Council is theappropriate regulatory authority for that part of theproposal being undertaken above the mean highwater mark, to the boundary of the localgovernment area.

The EPA is the appropriate regulatory authority forenvironmental impacts from that part of theproposal occurring below the mean high watermark to the limit of NSW state waters, subject toany relevant provisions of federal legislation,including the Telecommunications Act 1997.

The EPA has no comment on the proposal aspresented, but recommends that the Proponentliaises with other relevant authorities includingNorthern Beaches Council, Transport for NSW,Roads and Maritime Services (RMS) and the PortAuthority of NSW in relation to the proposal.

The Protection of the Environment Operations Act1997 includes strict provisions relating to pollutionof waters in NSW. Although no specific licences orapprovals for the proposal are required by theEPA, the onus at all times is on the personundertaking the proposal to comply with relevantNSW legislation, and to ensure that water pollutiondoes not occur.

consulted with regards to this Proposal

Noted

The Proponent will arrange briefings for RMS prior tomarine operations and terrestrial build planned for RMSroads.

The Proponent will arrange a briefing for Port Authorityof NSW prior to marine operations occurring.

Refer to Section 7 for management and mitigationmeasures.

Northern BeachesCouncil

Detailed briefings have occurred and continue withCouncil. Planning, environment, land managementand parks staff at Council have been consulted.

Council and the Proponent have agreed:

· Location of beach manhole and relevantmitigation measures particular to constructionactivities including HDD

· Location of cable landing station, designdiscussions continue

· Initial land cable route and preferredconstruction methods.

Roads and MaritimeServices (RMS)

The Proponent will arrange briefing for RMS priorto marine operations and terrestrial build plannedfor RMS roads.

The Proponent will deploy the proposed terrestrialelements of the network in association with an Australiancarrier licenced under the Telecommunications Act1997. These works will benefit from carrier immunityfrom State laws, however works protocol arrangementswill be finalised after consultation with RMS.

For marine deployment operations, RMS recommendedworks protocols will be adopted by the Proponent’scontractors.


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6. Existing Environment6.1 Listened Threatened Species and Ecological Communities

Under the EPBC Act, activities in Commonwealth areas that may result in killing, injuring, taking, trading,keeping or moving a member of a listed threatened species or ecological community, a member of a listedmigratory species or a member of a listed marine species are illegal without a permit.

Appendix C provides a summary of the EPBC listed threatened and / or Migratory species identified by theProtected Matters database search, including their listed status. A total of 67 threatened fauna species and 34threatened flora species have been identified. It is important to note that this database search included a bufferof 10 km and as such, will have identified terrestrial species where there is a negligible chance of impactoccurring as the proposal does not include significant terrestrial works beyond the beach landing. Terrestrialspecies returned from the search are therefore not considered in detail in this referral (DoEE. 2016f).

Biologically important areas (BIAs) are spatially defined areas where aggregations of individuals of a species areknown to display biologically important behaviour such as breeding, foraging, resting or migration(DoEE,2016d). The cable route intersects BIAs for (DoEE 2016d):

· A number of shorebirds including various Albatrosses, Petrels and Shearwaters.

· Humpback Whales

· Indo Pacific / Spotted Bottlenose Dolphins

· Grey Nurse Shark

· White Shark.

Eleven Threatened Ecological Communities (TECs) were identified in the protected matters search. All of theseare terrestrial communities and located well away from the cable landing point. As such they are very unlikely tobe impacted by the Proposal.

6.2 Listed Migratory Species

Listed migratory species are those animals that migrate to Australia and its external territories, or pass throughor over Australian waters during their annual migrations. Migratory species include those listed in the followingconventions / agreements:

· Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention)

· China-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (CAMBA)

· Japan-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (JAMBA)

· Republic of Korea-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (ROKAMBA).

Appendix C provides a summary of the EPBC listed threatened and / or migratory species identified by theProtected Matters database search, including their listing status. A total of 79 migratory species have beenidentified (DoEE. 2016f).


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6.3 Commonwealth Marine Areas

6.3.1 Marine Regions

The Proposal is located in Australia Commonwealth waters and therefore, forms part of the CommonwealthMarine Area. The commonwealth marine area stretches from three to 200 nautical miles from the coast.Australia’s marine area is divided into six marine regions; South-west, North-west, North, Coral Sea, TemperateEast and South-east, all of which contain a number of marine reserves. Table 6-1 details the marine regionsrelevant to the proposal.

Table 6-1 Commonwealth Marine Areas relevant to the Proposal

Marine Area Description Relevance to Proposal

Temperate East The Temperate East Region contains several significant seamountridges supporting hundreds of species (DoEE, 2016a). Seamountsrise from depths of approximately 4800 m to 130 m from the surfaceand are home to deep water shark species (DoEE, 2016a).

The Temperate East Region includes eight separate CommonwealthMarine Reserves (DoEE, 2016a).

Cable lies within the TemperateEast Region

6.3.2 Marine Reserves

Marine reserves are created to protect and manage the unique biodiversity, while also allowing for thesustainable use of natural resources in certain areas. Each marine reserve represents a different marineecosystem.

The Proposal passes through the Central Eastern Commonwealth Marine Reserve, located in the TemperateEast Region. Table 6-2 details the Commonwealth Marine Reserves relevant to the Proposal. Figure 1-1 showsthe marine reserves in relation to the cable route. See Table 7-1 for assessment of the Proposals impact onCommonwealth Marine Reserves.

Table 6-2 Commonwealth Marine Reserves relevant to the Proposal

Marine Reserve Description Relevance to Proposal

Central EasternCommonwealth MarineReserve

Located off the coast of Northern New South Wales and covers anarea of approximately 70 054 km2.

The Central Eastern Commonwealth Marine Reserve is biologicallyimportant for the humpback whale, white shark and migratoryseabirds.

The area also contains two key ecological features, canyons on theeastern continental slope and Tasmantid seamount chain ((knownbreeding and feeding areas for a number of open ocean speciessuch as billfish and marine mammals) (DoEE, 2016a).

78 km of the cable route lieswithin the Multiple Use Zone(IUCN Category VI) of thismarine reserve

139 km of the cable route lieswithin the Habitat ProtectionZone (IUCN Category IV) of thismarine reserve

6.3.3 Key Ecological Features

The DoEE’s National Conservation Values Atlas identifies four Key Ecological Features (KEFs) which theproposed fibre optic cable route intersects. KEFs are considered to be of regional importance for either themarine region’s biodiversity or ecosystem function and integrity. The KEFs that intersect, or are within closeproximity to the JGA Project, are outlined in Table 6-3. Figure 1-1 shows the key ecological features in relationto the JGA Project (DoE. 2016e).


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Table 6-3 Key ecological features within close proximity to the development

Key Ecological Feature Description Relevance to Proposal

Tasman Front and eddy field High productivity; aggregations of marine life; biodiversity andendemism

The Tasman Front is a region of intermediate productivity thatseparates the warm, nutrient-poor waters of the Coral Sea from thecold, nutrient-rich waters of the Tasman Sea (DoEE 2016g)

906 km of the cable route lieswithin this KEF.

Tasmantid seamount chain High productivity; aggregations of marine life, biodiversity andendemism

The Tasmantid seamount chain is a prominent chain of underwatervolcanic mountains, which run north to south. The Tasmantidseamount chain contains a range of habitats, from deep sea filterfeeding communities to tropical reef systems. These are biologicalhotspots with high species diversity. This region is a known feedingground for a number of open ocean species including billfish, turtles,and marine mammals (DSEWPaC 2012).

The cable route has beendesigned to avoid this KEF. Theroute passes to the north of theDerwent Hunter Guyot and tothe east of the StradbrokeSeamount and the BritanniaGuyot.

Canyons on the EasternContinental Slope

Unique sea-floor feature with ecological properties of regionalsignificance

The Eastern Continental Slope Canyons have marked influence onthe diversity and abundance of marine species, driven by thecombined effects of steep topography, ocean currents and nutrientavailability. Benthic habitats consist of deep water filter feeders(sponges, soft corals). These canyons create localised changes inproductivity, providing feeding opportunities for a range of species(DSEWPaC 2012).

The cable route has beendesigned to avoid this KEF.

6.4 NSW Aquatic Reserve

The shore landing location of the cable will be in close proximity to the Narrabeen Head Aquatic Reserve. Thereserve covers an area of approximately six hectares of rocky shore between the southern end of TurimettaBeach and the rock baths at Narrabeen Head. The reserve extends 100 m offshore. The primary objectives ofthe aquatic reserves are to conserve the biodiversity of fish and marine vegetation, protect fish habitat, andfacilitate educational activities and scientific research (NSW DPI, 2016).


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7. Impact AssessmentThe following section provides an assessment of the predicted environmental impacts of the project on therelevant MNES identified, along with proposed management measures that will be applied (Table 7-1). A briefsummary of the existing environment is also included in each table. MNES protected by the EPBC Act butconsidered not to be relevant to the Proposal are not discussed further (Appendix C).

The MNES identified for the Proposal are (DoEE. 2016f):

· Nationally threatened species

· Migratory species

· Commonwealth Marine Areas.

While not a MNES, Commonwealth Marine Reserves and Key Ecological Features (KEFs) are also consideredin the assessment under Commonwealth Marine Areas.

Activities associated with the Proposal have been assessed to identify potential impacts on the relevant MNES,and the level of risk associated with that potential impact.

Based on the impact assessment presented in Table 7-1, it is considered unlikely that the Proposal will result inany significant impacts to the environmental including MNES.


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Table 7-1 Impact Assessment – Matters of National Environmental Significance

Matter of NationalEnvironmentalSignificance

Significance Criteria (DoE, 2013) Existing Environment Impact Assessment Avoidance, Mitigation and Management Measure Significance of Impacts

Listed ThreatenedSpecies andEcologicalCommunities

An action is likely to have a significant impact ona species listed in any of the following categoriesif there is a real chance or possibility that it will:

Extinct in the wild

· Adversely affect a captive or propagatedpopulation or one recently introduced /reintroduced to the wild, or

· Interfere with the recovery of the species orits reintroduction into the wild.

Critically Endangered and Endangered

· lead to a long-term decrease in the size of apopulation,

· reduce the area of occupancy of the species,

· fragment an existing population into two ormore populations,

· adversely affect habitat critical to the survivalof a species,

· disrupt the breeding cycle of a population,

· modify, destroy, remove, isolate or decreasethe availability or quality of habitat to theextent that the species is likely to decline,

· result in invasive species that are harmful toa critically endangered or endangeredspecies becoming established in theendangered or critically endangered species’habitat,

· introduce disease that may cause thespecies to decline, or

· interfere with the recovery of the species.

Vulnerable

· lead to a long-term decrease in the size ofan important population of a species,

· reduce the area of occupancy of animportant population,

· fragment an existing important populationinto two or more populations,

· adversely affect habitat critical to the survivalof a species,

· disrupt the breeding cycle of an importantpopulation,

· modify, destroy, remove or isolate ordecrease the availability or quality of habitatto the extent that the species is likely todecline,

· result in invasive species that are harmful toa vulnerable species becoming establishedin the vulnerable species’ habitat,

· introduce disease that may cause the

Threatened Ecological Communities

11 Threatened Ecological Communities (TECs) wereidentified in the protected matters search all of whichare terrestrial communities unlikely to be impacted bythe Proposal (DoEE. 2016f).

Threatened Species

67 threatened fauna species have been identified aspotentially being present in the proposal area.

Appendix C provides a summary of the EPBC listedthreatened species identified by the protected mattersdatabase search, including their listed status.

A review of the National Conservation Value Atlasindicates that the cable route intersects BiologicalImportant Areas (BIAs) for the following (DoEE2016e):

· A number of shorebirds including variousAlbatrosses, Petrels and Shearwaters.

· Humpback Whales

· Indo Pacific / Spotted Bottle Nose Dolphins

· Grey Nurse Shark

· White Shark.

Avifauna

Shorebirds/seabirds

A number of listed threatened shorebirds and seabirdsare known to be present in the area and the cableroute intersects BIAs including foraging and breedingareas for various Albatross, Petrel and Shearwaterspecies (DoEE 2016e).

Terrestrial Birds

The protected matters search identified a number ofthreatened terrestrial bases bird species within theproposal area however as impact to these species ishighly unlikely to occur, they are not considered furtherhere (DoEE. 2016f).

Fish

Three species of threatened fish were identified aspotentially occurring in the project area including BlackRock Cod, Australian Grayling and Macquarie Perch.No BIAs for fish are intersected by the cable route.

· Black Rock Cod is recognised as a conservationvalue in the temperate east bio-region). Habitat forthis species includes rocky reefs such as those

Potential impacts

Potential impacts from the Proposal on ListedThreatened Species include:

· Physiological and / or behavioural impacts to faunafrom the emission’s relating to the proposal (e.g.light, noise and vibrations)

· Fauna injury or mortality from direct interaction withconstruction vessels and/or the cable duringinstallation.

· Indirect impacts resulting from changes to theenvironment as a result of the proposal (e.g.changes in water quality, habitat disturbance,introduced marine species)

Impact Assessment - Physiological and / orbehavioural impacts to Marine Fauna

Noise Impacts

The geophysical survey will produce underwater noisethat could potentially lead to behavioural changes ofmarine fauna transiting the survey area. i.e. masksounds vital for cetacean navigation, identification ofprey and predator locations etc.

It should be noted that the type of survey being utilisedfor the proposal is a low powered geophysical surveythat does not include airguns and is expected togenerate noise levels between 110-130 dB, decreasingrapidly with distance from the source

Geophysical surveys have much less of an impact onmarine fauna than seismic surveys, as the radiatedpower generated from a seismic survey if significantlyhigher than that generated from a geophysical survey.The intensity of the source level is also significantlygreater in a seismic survey, which uses airguns, thanwith a geophysical survey which uses echo sounders,side scan sonar and sub-bottom profilers .

For details on radiated power vs source level forgeophysical and seismic surveys, see Appendix E

Species potentially impacted by noise from thegeophysical survey include whales, sharks, turtles andfish.

It is considered very unlikely that the geophysical surveywill significantly impact marine fauna as:

· The low output power of the survey equipment

· The short duration of the survey activities

· The linear nature of the survey activities (ie. Thesurvey will be undertaken over a very long distancemeaning impacts to specific areas will be short andtemporary.

The following management measures will be applied to thisProposal to protect Threatened Species from potential impacts:

Route Selection

· The route selection process (within the proposal corridor) willconsider environmental impacts in equal weighting with costand engineering constraints.

· Route selection processes has included a 10 km (max width)development corridor. The final route should be within thiscorridor and take into account habitat identified by thegeophysical survey. The geophysical survey will be ofsufficient details to identify features such as rocky reefs,canyons, seamounts and other features which are likely toform habitat. Should the final route be outside thedevelopment corridor, re-assessment including re-referralwill be considered.

Light Emissions

· Lighting will be maintained at levels that allow safe operationof equipment i.e. no excess lighting.

Invasive Marine Species

· The Proponent will comply with State and Commonwealthbiosecurity requirements to prevent IMS.

· If required, a vessel risk assessment (IMS) will beundertaken prior to mobilisation and submitted to theappropriate authorities.

Water Quality

· Vessels have appropriate waste management proceduresand emergency fuel/ oil spill plans (Shipboard Oil PollutionEmergency Plans in place).

· The use of Bentonite (or equivalent) as the drilling fluidwhich has a low toxicity, is biodegradable and it highlydispersive.

· Addition of water to the drill head as the drill head reachesthe exit points to reduce the concentration of drilling fluid lostto the water column.

Habitat degradation

· No cable lay activities will occur within close proximity suchas to cause disturbance of the rocky reefs offshore ofNarrabeen Beach to protect important habitat for JuvenileBlack Cod and the Grey Nurse Shark (including BIAs forGrey Nurse Shark). The geophysical survey data will beused to finalise the route and construction method anddistance between cable lay activities and the rocky reefs willbe kept as large as possible.

Based on the predicted impacts andthe relevant significance criteria, it isconsidered highly unlikely that theproposal will have a significantimpact on Listed ThreatenedSpecies.

No Impact is expected to occur toListed Ecological Communities.


IW133900-0000-NP-RPT-014 25

species to decline, or

· interfere substantially with the recovery ofthe species.

An action is likely to have a significant impact ona critically endangered or endangered ecologicalcommunity if there is a real chance or possibilitythat it will:

· reduce the extent of an ecologicalcommunity,

· fragment or increase fragmentation of anecological community, for example byclearing vegetation for roads or transmissionlines,

· adversely affect habitat critical to the survivalof an ecological community,

· modify or destroy abiotic (non-living) factors(such as water, nutrients, or soil) necessaryfor an ecological community’s survival,including reduction of groundwater levels, orsubstantial alteration of surface waterdrainage patterns,

· cause a substantial change in the speciescomposition of an occurrence of anecological community, including causing adecline or loss of functionally importantspecies, for example through regular burningor flora, or fauna harvesting,

· cause a substantial reduction in the qualityor integrity of an occurrence of an ecologicalcommunity, including, but not limited to:

· assisting invasive species, that are harmfulto the listed ecological community, tobecome established,

· causing regular mobilisation of fertilisers,herbicides or other chemicals or pollutantsinto the ecological community which kill orinhibit the growth of species in the ecologicalcommunity, or

· interfere with the recovery of an ecologicalcommunity.

found nearshore at Narrabeen Beach (DOEE,2016h). Adult Rock Cod are found under largestructures and rocky reefs (DPI 2007)

· Macquarie Perch solely or primarily inhabitfreshwater rivers and as such will not be impactedupon by this project and is not considered further(DOEE, 2016h, DPI 2005a).

· Australian Grayling primarily inhabits freshwaterrivers but Juveniles or larvae may occur in thecoastal waters near the cable route (DOEE,2016h).

Mammals

Whales

A number of threatened whale species may be foundwithin the project area. In addition, the cable routecrosses BIAs for Humpback Whales which migratealong the east coast of Australia between Antarcticaand the calving grounds in warmer waters.

· Sei Whales inhabit deep oceanic waters beyondthe continental shelf and are very rarely sighted inthe temperate waters off New South Wales (DoEE,2016h, Smith 2001).

· Blue Whales are rarely sighted in the waters offNSW. The waters off the southern coast of NewSouth Wales are known aggregation areas;however the cable route does not pass in closeproximity to these areas (DOEE, 2016h, Smith2001).

· Fin Whales are primarily found in offshore watersand are a rare occurrence within the project area(DoEE, 2016h, Smith 2001). .

· Southern Right Whales have been recorded inNSW waters in every month from May toNovember. However the nearest calving area islocated off the south coast of New South Waleswhich is a significant distance from the cable route(>100km) (DoEE, 2016h, Smith 2001). .

· Humpback Whales migrate along the east coast ofAustralia and may calve during the migrationHumpback whales occur in the proposal areapassing through during their northern migration inwinter and southern migration in spring. The cableroute intersects a BIA for Humpback Whales whichprimary relates to the migration route. There arealso known feeding grounds off the southern NewSouth Wales coast (DoEE, 2016h, Smith 2001).

Terrestrial Mammals

While a number of threatened terrestrial mammalswhere identified in the protected matters search, asterrestrial fauna they will not be impacted upon by theProposal they are not considered further

This risk will be further reduced by the application ofproposed mitigation measures.

Noise and Vibrations from HDD Drilling and Cable Lay

Noise and vibration emissions can:

· modify fauna behaviour through attraction to and/oravoidance to sound

· potentially causing temporary or permanent injury(DSEWPaC, 2012b) including hearing loss

Noise and vibration emissions (airborne and in water)from the HDD activities and the cable lay activities areexpected to be minimal and temporary. The majority ofthe HDD will occur in the bed rock and will be over 20 mbelow ground level. It should also be noted thatNarrabeen Beach is not a turtle nesting beach. As such,impacts to fauna are expected to be negligible.

Light impacts

Light spill will occur from the HDD rig however this isexpected to be minimal and consistent with the existinglight spill associated with the urban area it will be locatedin.

Light emissions will also occur as a result of the surveyand cable lay vessels. These emissions which will besimilar to that of standard marine construction vesselsare unavoidable due to safety and navigationalrequirements.

Marine fauna including turtles and shorebirds, transitingthrough the area, may temporarily alter their normalbehaviour while attracted to the light emissions from thevessel. The impact of this attraction to artificial lightsources can increase their vulnerability to predation(DSEWPaC, 2012b) and on seabirds in particular, cancause interruption of their migration path potentiallyleading to incomplete migration. However, the shortduration of the HDD, geophysical survey and cable layactivities; and the limited extent of light spill, make ithighly unlikely than any significant impacts will becaused to marine fauna as a result of light spill.

Impact Assessment - Vessel Strike / Entanglementwith Infrastructure

Injury may occur to large marine fauna as a result ofinteraction with either the vessel (vessel strike) orentanglement with the cable during cable lay.

Given the short duration of the survey and cable layactivities; and the low speed at which the vessels will betravelling (6-7 knots), it is considered highly unlikely thatany significant impacts will occur to marine fauna as aresult of vessel strike.

This risk will be further reduced by the application ofproposed mitigation measures.

· Seamounts and canyons along the cable route will beavoided for engineering reasons and to avoid impact onpotential fauna habitat.

Fauna – Vessel Interactions

The proponent will:

1. Implement Part A of the Standard ManagementProcedures of the EPBC Act Policy Statement 2.1 –Interaction between offshore seismic exploration andwhales (September 2008), to minimise impacts toHumpback Whales including:

· A 300 shutdown and low power zone, during allPinger and Boomer Profiler Operations

2. Implement the following additional managementmeasures Interaction between offshore seismicexploration and whales (September 2008), to minimiseimpacts to Humpback Whales from 1 May to 30November:

· One dedicated Marine Fauna Observer must beon board the inshore survey vessel

· The inshore survey vessel will only be surveyingduring daylight hours

· 2 dedicated marine fauna observers must be onboard the offshore survey vessel.

3. Survey vessels will not travel at greater than 6 knotswithin 300 m of a cetacean (caution zone) andminimise noise

4. Survey vessels will not approach closer than 50 m fora dolphin and/or 100 m for a whale (with the exceptionanimals bow riding).

Exception: Points 3 and 4 above requirement do not apply tosurvey vessels operating under limited/constrainedmanoeuvrability including but not limited to vessels towingequipment and actively acquiring data, or in the event of anemergency.


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Reptiles

Marine Turtles

Four of the world’s seven marine turtles are known toinhabit the Temperate East Marine Region(DSEWPaC 2012a). The protected matters searchindicates that threatened Loggerhead, Green,Leatherback, Hawksbill, Flatback and Olive RidleyTurtle) may be found in the area. No BIAs for marineturtles are located in close proximity to the cable routeand no nesting grounds are located near the Proposal(DoEE. 2016f).

Frogs

While a number of threatened frogs where identified inthe protected matters search, as terrestrial fauna theywill not be impacted upon by the Proposal and are notconsidered further.

Sharks

Three threatened shark species may occur in theproposal area:

· Grey Nurse Shark is critically endangered and thecable route crosses BIAs for this species.Individuals and smaller aggregations of thisspecies may occur near rocky reefs such as thosefound nearshore off Narrabeen beach. Theseaggregations may play a key role in mating orpupping activities (2016h)

· Whale Shark generally occur in deeper offshorewaters. While sightings have occurred closer tothe New South Wales coast, these are rare(2016h).

· Great White Sharks are widely but sparselydistributed. They can be found close inshorearound rocky reefs as well in open water. It islikely that this species is present within theproposal area. The cable route intersect BIAs forthis species (2016h, DPI 2005b)).

Threatened Species – Plants

Threatened Plans identified in the protected matterssearch will not be impacted by the proposal as theyare all terrestrial species and are not consideredfurther here.

Impact Assessment – In- direct Impacts to MarineFauna

Habitat Disturbance

HDD will be used at the shore crossings at NarrabeenBeach and as such, there is not expected to be anyhabitat disturbance of the shoreline and no associatedimpacts to listed threatened species.

The burial of the cable in near shore waters (in waterdepths of up to 1000 m) will temporally disturb the sub-tidal habitat. This disruption is expected to be minimal inextent (in the order of a few meters width) and temporaryin nature. Existing information and the results of thegeophysical survey will be used to avoid ecologicalfeatures including canyons, rocky reefs and seamountsas far as practically possible.

In addition, the route has been designed to avoid anycanyons within the Canyons on the Eastern ContinentalSlope KEF and the seamounts associated withTasmantid seamount chain KEF.

Juvenile Black Cod and the Grey Nurse Shark may bothuse rocky reefs such as those found offshore fromNarrabeen Beach. Cable lay activities have the potentialto indirectly impact these threatened species if theactivities results in damage to the rocky reefs. Mitigationmeasures proposed for this Proposal (includingmaximising the distance cable lay activities will occurfrom of the rocky reefs) will significantly reduce thelikelihood of such impacts occurring.

Impacts to threatened marine fauna due to habitatdisturbance as a result of cable lay activities areexpected to be minor and temporary in nature.

Introduced Marine Species (IMS)

IMS could potentially be introduced via vesselmovements, ballast water discharge and bio foulingactivities and have the potential to prey on and/orcompete with native marine species. The managementmeasures in place are expected to be sufficient toprevent the introduction of IMS and impacts to marinefauna are considered highly unlikely.

Water Quality Impacts - Discharges from HDD Drilling

Drilling Mud

A small volume (estimated at approximately 20-30 m3) ofdrilling fluids are expected to be released near-shore, atthe HDD exit point. The concentration of drilling fluidreleased will be minimised by the addition of water asthe drill head approaches the exit point (thus diluting thedrill fluid).

The main component of this drilling fluid is Bentonitewhich has a low toxicity, is biodegradable and it highly


IW133900-0000-NP-RPT-014 27

dispersive.

Given the relatively low volume of drill fluid to bereleased and its low toxicity and dispersive nature, thereis not expected to be any resultant impact to listedthreatened species.

Drill Cuttings

The volume of drill cuttings that will be generated ateach HDD site will be between 5-10 m3. These drillcuttings will be taken onshore and disposed of inaccordance with relevant regulations. As such noimpact to listed threatened species is expected.

Water Quality Impacts – Turbidity

The cable lay activities are expected to cause minor,short term and localised elevated turbidity levelsparticularly during ploughing and jetting. These shortterm events (in the order of hours) are not expected toimpact on benthic habitat or listed threatened species.

Water Quality Impacts - Accidental Waste, Hydrocarbonor Chemical Discharge

Waste, hydrocarbon and / or other chemicalsaccidentally discharged have the potential to be toxic tomarine fauna that may be present in the area. Thelikelihood of an accidental waste, hydrocarbon orchemical discharge from the cable lay vessel is expectedto be low, due to the management procedures that willbe implemented and the short duration of the cable layactivities. As such, it is considered unlikely that anysignificant impacts will occur.

Impact Assessment – Terrestrial Fauna and Flora

All terrestrial based activities (including drilling and thedevelopment of the landing station and beach manhole)will be undertaken on existing cleared sites that arehighly unlikely to contain any nationally threatenedspecies. As such, no impact to terrestrial listedthreatened species is expected to occur.

Listed MigratorySpecies

An action is likely to have a significant impact ona migratory species if there is a real chance orpossibility that it will:

· substantially modify (including byfragmenting, altering fire regimes, alteringnutrient cycles or altering hydrologicalcycles), destroy or isolate an area ofimportant habitat for a migratory species

· result in an invasive species that is harmfulto the migratory species becomingestablished in an area of important habitatfor the migratory species, or

· seriously disrupt the lifecycle (breeding,feeding, migration or resting behaviour) of anecologically significant proportion of the

Refer to Appendix C for full list of migratory speciesthat are likely to be found in proposal area.

Migratory Marine Birds

There are a number of migratory marine birds that maybe found in the proposal area. As mentioned abovethe cable route intersects BIAs including foraging andbreeding areas for various Albatross, Petrel andShearwater species which includes migratory species(DoEE 2016e)..

Migratory Marine Mammals

Whales

In addition to the threatened Whales detailed above,

There are no additional impacts to Listed MigratorySpecies than those already identified for threatenedspecies above.

Please refer to management and mitigation described for ListedThreatened Species section in this table.

Based on the predicted impacts andthe relevant significance criteria, it isconsidered highly unlikely that theproposal will have a significantimpact on any migratory species.


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population of a migratory species. the following migratory (non-threatened) whales maybe found in the proposal area (DoEE 2016h):

· Bryde's Whale

· Antarctic Minke Whale

· Pygmy Right Whale

· Killer Whale,

· Sperm Whale

Each of these species may transit the proposal areaduring migrations. No BIAs for these species arelocated in along the cable route.

Dolphins

The following migratory dolphins may be found in theproject area:

· Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin

· Dusky Dolphin

The cable route intersects a BIA for the Indo-PacificDolphin. The Dusky Dolphin has rarely been sighted inAustralian Waters and while it may transit the area, isunlikely to be encounter in the Proposal area ((DoEE2016e, DoEE, 2016h).

Dugongs

Dugongs may transit the area, but are very rarelyobserved in New South Wales waters. The cableroute does not intersect any large seagrass beds andas such, Dugongs are unlikely to be encountered(DoEE 2016h).

Migratory Marine Reptiles

Marine Turtles

All migratory turtles that may be found in the proposalarea are also considered threatened and have beenaddressed above.

Migratory Sharks and Rays

Sharks

· Mako Shark

· Longfin Mako

· Mackerel Shark

Each of these species is likely to occur in the proposalarea as a transient visitor (DoEE 2016h).

Rays

· Giant Manta Ray,

· Reef Manta Ray

Each of these species is likely to occur in the proposalarea as a transient visitor (DoEE 2016h).


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Migratory Terrestrial Species

Migratory terrestrial species were identified in theprotected matters search. However they are extremelyunlikely to be impacted by the proposal and are notaddressed further here.

Migratory Wetland Species

Migratory wetland species may occur within oradjacent to the Proposal area. These species typicallyinhabit grassy wetlands, which is not a habitatexpected to be encountered and as such, no impactsare anticipated.

The CommonwealthMarine Areas

An action is likely to have a significant impact onthe environment in a Commonwealth marinearea if there is a real chance or possibility thatthe action will:

· result in a known or potential pest speciesbecoming established in the Commonwealthmarine area

· modify, destroy, fragment, isolate or disturban important or substantial area of habitatsuch that an adverse impact on marineecosystem functioning or integrity in aCommonwealth marine area results

· have a substantial adverse effect on apopulation of a marine species or cetaceanincluding its life cycle (for example, breeding,feeding, migration behaviour, lifeexpectancy) and spatial distribution

· result in a substantial change in air quality orwater quality (including temperature) whichmay adversely impact on biodiversity,ecological integrity; social amenity or humanhealth

· result in persistent organic chemicals, heavymetals, or other potentially harmfulchemicals accumulating in the marineenvironment such that biodiversity,ecological integrity, social amenity or humanhealth may be adversely affected, or

· have a substantial adverse impact onheritage values of the Commonwealthmarine area, including damage ordestruction of an historic shipwreck,

Commonwealth Marine Areas

See Table 6-1 for discussion on CommonwealthMarine Regions. The proposed cable within theAustralian EEZ lies entirely in the Temperate EastMarine Area .

Commonwealth Marine Reserves

The following Commonwealth Marine Reserves will beintersected.

· Central Eastern Commonwealth Marine Reserve

78 km of the cable route lies within the Multiple UseZone (IUCN Category VI) of this marine reserve

139 km of the cable route lies within the HabitatProtection Zone (IUCN Category IV) of this marinereserve

Table 6-2 for a description of the CommonwealthMarine Reserves relevant to the proposal.

Key Ecological Features (KEFs)

Key ecological features (KEFs) are not matters ofnational environmental significance and have no legalstatus in their own right. However, they may beconsidered as components of the Commonwealthmarine area (DoEE 2016g).

See Table 6-3 for a description of the on KEFs that willbe intersected by the Proposal. The only KEF that isintersected is the Tasman Front and eddy field KEF.906 km of the cable lies within this KEF.

The Tasman Front and eddy field is an area of highproductivity and biodiversity, endemism, andaggregations of marine life. The complex and dynamicoceanographic processes supporting transient patchesof enhanced productivity that, in turn, attractaggregations of various species (DoEE 2016g).

Potential Impacts

Potential impacts from the Proposal on CommonwealthMarine Areas include:

· Disturbance to marine species, particularlythreatened and migratory species as a result of theProposal (addressed above).

· Changes to benthic habitat structure from theintroduction of IMS (addressed above)

· Physical disturbance of KEFs and the seabed withinthe Commonwealth Marine Reserves includingdamage and localised losses of benthicassemblages.

Impact Assessment – Commonwealth Marine AreasDisturbance of Benthic Habitat

Within Commonwealth Waters, the vast majority of thecable will be directly laid on the surface. Final routeselection will be undertaken to avoid key seabedfeatures (for both engineering and environmentalreasons). Once laid, the cable will be stable and will notimpact on any benthic habitat.

In water depths less than 1000 m the cable will be buriedwhich will result direct disturbance to benthic habitat.However the area of direct disturbance is minimal (1-6 mwide) and the final route will be selected to avoid anyidentified significant habitat.

Given the low size of the disturbance area, the sparsenature of the habitat, the high representation of similarhabitat in the area and the high likelihood of rapidrecovery post disturbance, the impact to benthic habitatin the area as a result of the proposal is considered to benegligible.

Impact Assessment – Commonwealth MarineReservesGeophysical Survey

As described above, there is not expected to be anysignificant impact as a result of the geophysical survey(due to the low power used). Potential disturbance willbe managed by a set of management procedures as

The following management measures will be applied to thisProposal to protect Commonwealth Marine Areas from potentialimpacts:

· The final route selection process (within the developmentcorridor) will consider environmental impacts in equalweighting with cost and engineering constraints.

For management procedures of drilling fluids and IMS seeNationally Threatened Species section of this table.

Based on the predicted impacts andthe relevant significance criteria, it isconsidered highly unlikely that theproposal will have a significantimpact on the CommonwealthMarine Areas.


IW133900-0000-NP-RPT-014 30

detailed above. It is considered that it is very unlikelythat marine fauna within the Commonwealth MarineReserves will be significantly impacted by noiseemissions from the geophysical survey.

Cable Lay

The proposed cable will be laid directly on the seabedwithin the Commonwealth Marine Reserves. Once laid,the cable will be stable and is not expected to impact onthe benthic habitat.

Final route selection within the development corridor willbe undertaken to avoid key seabed features includingrocky reefs, canyon and seamounts. As such, there isnot expected to be any significant impact to the seabedwithin the Commonwealth Marine Reserves.

Impact Assessment – Key Ecological Features

The proposed cable will cross the Tasman Front andeddy field KEF. However, there are not expected to beany significant impacts to the KEFs due to the:

· Minimal disturbance area (cable is a matter of incheswide) meaning the impact area is negligible whencompared to the size of the KEFs

· The stable nature of the cable once laid

· The use of geophysical survey data to determine thefinal route (enabling avoidance of key seabedfeatures)

· The avoidance of key seabed features such as rockyreefs, canyons and seamounts.

It is considered very unlikely that the proposal cable willaffect the ecological function of the KEFs.

National HeritagePlaces

An action is likely to have a significant impact onthe National Heritage values of a NationalHeritage place if there is a real chance orpossibility that it will cause:

· one or more of the National Heritage valuesto be lost

· one or more of the National Heritage valuesto be degraded or damaged, or

· one or more of the National Heritage valuesto be notably altered, modified, obscured ordiminished.

National Heritage Places

The protected matter search undertaken on02/08/2016 identified two national heritage places.These places are terrestrial and are not within closeproximity to the proposal (where identified due to theconservative buffer used) (DoEE 2016f).

Heritage and Maritime Archaeology

Two Aboriginal archaeological sites are registeredwithin 500 m of the onshore cable route. These sitesinclude an open site consisting of artefacts and shellmidden located on the southern side of NarrabeenHead (AHIMS # 45-6-0738, QP 5 Narrabeen Head),and a rock shelter site with shell midden depositlocated at the northern end of Turimetta Beach at thefoot of the headland (AHIMS # 45-6-0112, TurimettaHead). Both of these sites are at least 250 m from theonshore cable route site.

A number of known ship wrecks are located in

Potential Impacts

It is highly unlikely that the Proposal will cause asignificant impact to a National Heritage Place as thereare none located in close proximity.

Survey data will be used to finalise the proposed installationroute to avoid debris or shipwrecks. Any survey data that isgathered during the geophysical survey or the cable lay thatindicates new debris or shipwrecks will be forwarded to therelevant authority.

It is considered highly unlikely thatthere will be any impact to thisMNES.


IW133900-0000-NP-RPT-014 31

proximity to the cable route including the NSW StateHeritage listed M24 Japanese Midget Submarinewreck site. The cable route has been designed toavoid all of these sites.

Ramsar Wetlands ofInternationalImportance

The proposed action is not in the vicinity of any Ramsar wetlands and as such this MNES is not considered further in this report.

World HeritageProperties

The proposed action is not in the vicinity of any World Heritage Properties and as such this MNES is not considered further in this report.

Great Barrier ReefMarine Park

The proposed action is not in the vicinity of the Great Barrier Reef Marine park and as such this MNES is not considered further in this report.

Nuclear Actions The proposed action is not a Nuclear Action and as such this MNES is not considered further in this report.

A water resource, inrelation to coal seamgas developmentand large coalmining development

The proposed action is not a coal seam gas development or large coal mining development and as such this MNES is not considered further in this report.


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8. ReferencesAlcatel Lucent Submarine Networks. 2013a.Technical & Operational Aspects of SMD HD3 Cable Plough asOperated by Alda Marine. Unpublished Report produced for Nextgen Group Holdings Pty Ltd.

Alcatel Lucent Submarine Networks Marine Operations Department. 2013b. Nextgen Project Fitzroy CableSystem Installation Methodology Overview.

Coe Drilling Pty Ltd. 2013. HDD Works for ASC1-Cable Landings at Port Hedland & Darwin.

Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (DSEWPaC) 2012. Marinebioregional plan for the Temperate East Marine Region. Prepared under the Environment Protection andBiodiversity Conservation Act 1999. DSEWPaC, Canberra.

DoE 2013 Matters of National Environmental Significance Significant impact guidelines 1.1 EnvironmentProtection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.

DoEE, 2016a http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/marine/marine-reserves/temperate-east Temperate EastCommonwealth Marine Reserves Network 10 August 2016

DoEE, 2016b http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/marine/marine-reserves/coral-sea Coral SeaCommonwealth Marine Reserve

DoEE, 2016c http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/marine/marine-reserves/temperate-east/solitary-islandsNew Solitary Islands Commonwealth Marine Reserve

DoEE 2016d https://www.environment.gov.au/marine/marine-species/bias#BIA_Species_tables BiologicalImportant Areas

DoEE 2016e . National Conservation Values Atlas. http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/marine/marine-bioregional-plans/conservation-values-atlas

DoEE. 2016f. EPBC Protected Matters Search. Report created on 23/08/2016athttp://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/pmst/index.html. DoE, Canberra.

DoEE 2016g https://www.environment.gov.au/sprat-public/action/kef/view/43;jsessionid=01AD87551D0DE1B0248C8722BE137004

DoEE 2016h http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl - Species Profile and Threats Database(SPRAT)

Department of Primary Industries (DPI). 2005a. Primefact 9: Threatened species in NSW, Macquarie perch,Macquaria australasica.http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/5102/Primefact_Macquarie_perch.pdf

Department of Primary Industries (DPI). 2005b. Primefact 6: Threatened species in NSW: Great White shark,Carcharodon carcharias.http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/5105/Primefact_Great_white_shark.pdf

Department of Primary Industries (DPI). 2007. Primefact 189: Threatened species in NSW: Black cod,Epinephelus daemelii. http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/144154/black-cod.pdf


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Fugro N. 2001. Geophysical & Geotechnical Techniques for the Investigation of Near-Seabed Soils & Rocks. Ahandbook for non-specialists. Accessed at http://www.fugro.com/downloads/corporate/other/GP-GT-TECHNIQUES-handbook.pdf

H&R ChemPharm Ltd. 2006. Dussek Campbell Technology Inside Cables. Waterblocking Compounds for theCommunication Cable Industry. United Kingdom.http://hur.com/fileadmin/redakteur_hurcom/produkte/kabelfuellmassen/dussek_product_range_telecom_e.pdf

International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC) Ltd. 2011. About Submarine Power Cables.http://www.iscpc.org/publications/About_SubPower_Cables_2011.pdf

Read, G. 2004. Sewers: Replacement and New Construction, Chapter 15 Horizontal Directional Drilling. ElsevierButterworth-Heinemann. pp: 297-321. Burlington MA

Smith, P. 2001. Review of the Conservation Status of Marine Mammal Species in New South Wales. Report tothe NSW Scientific Committee, pp.1-199

NSW DPI 2016 Marine protected areas http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/fishing/marine-protected-areas/aquatic-reserves/narrabeen-head-aquatic-reserve


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Appendix A. Vessel Technical Specifications

Technical specifications of the proposed survey vessel


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Technical Specifications of the Plough


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Appendix B. Survey EquipmentDominant frequency, the source level and the energy level of a typical hydrographic and geophysical surveyinstruments.

Equipmentnot used in

survey


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Appendix C. Summary of Potential Presence of EPBC ListedThreatened and / or Migratory Species

SpeciesStatus under Commonwealth

EPBC ActListed Migratory Species

Regent Honeyeater (Anthochaera phrygia) Critically Endangered

Australasian Bittern (Botaurus poiciloptilus) Endangered

Red Knot, Knot (Calidris canutus) Endangered Migratory

Curlew Sandpiper (Calidris ferrunginea) Critically Endangered Migratory

Great Knot (Calidris tenuirostris) Critically Endangered Migratory

Greater Sand Plover, Large Sand Plover (Charadrius leschenaultia) Vulnerable Migratory

Lesser Sand Plover, Mongolian Plover (Charadius mongolus) Endangered Migratory

Eastern Bristlebird (Dasyornis brachypterus) Endangered

Antipodean Albatross (Diomedea antipodensis) Vulnerable Migratory

Gibson’s Albatross (Diomedea antipodensis gibsoni) Vulnerable Migratory

Southern Royal Albatross (Diomedea epomophora (sensu stricto)) Vulnerable Migratory

Wandering Albatross (Diomedea exulans (sensu lato)) Vulnerable Migratory

Northern Royal Albatross (Diomedea sanfordi) Endangered Migratory

White-bellied Storm-Petrel (Tasman Sea), White-bellied Storm-Petrel (Australasian)

Vulnerable

Painted Honeyeater (Grantiella picta) Vulnerable

Swift Parrot (Lathamus discolor) Critically Endangered

Bar-tailed Godwit (bauera), Western Alaskan Bar-tailed Godwit(Limosa lapponica bauera)

Vulnerable

Northern Siberian Bar-tailed God wit, Bar-tailed Godwit (menzbieri)(Limosa lapponica menzbieri)

Critically Endangered

Southern Giant-Petrel, Southern Giant Petrel (Macronectesgiganteus)

Endangered Migratory

Northern Giant Petrel (macronectes halli) Vulnerable Migratory

Eastern Curlew (Numenius madagascariensis) Critically Endangered Migratory

Fairy Prion (southern) (Pachyptila turtur subantarctica) Vulnerable

Sooty Albatross (Phoebetria fusca) Vulnerable Migratory

Herald Petrel (Pterdroma heraldica) Critically Endangered

Gould’s Petrel, Australia Gould’s Petrel (Pterodroma leucopteraleucoptera)

Endangered

Kermadec Petrel (Pterodroma neglecta neglecta) Vulnerable

Australian Pained Snipe (Rostratula australis) Endangered

Australian Fairy Tern (Sternula nereis nereis) Vulnerable

Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross (Thalassarche cautacauta)

Vulnerable Migratory


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White-capped Albatross (Thalassarche cauta steadi) Vulnerable Migratory

Chatham Albatross (Thalassarche eremita) Endangered Migratory

Campbell Albatross, Campbell Black-browed Albatross(Thalassarche impavida)

Vulnerable Migratory

Black-browed Albatross (Thalassarche melanophris) Vulnerable Migratory

Salvin’s Albatross (Thalassarche salvini) Vulnerable Migratory

Black Rockcod, Black Cod, Saddled Rockcod (Epinephelusdaemelii)

Vulnerable

Macquarie Perch (Macquaria australasica) Endangered

Australian Grayling (Prototroctes maraena) Vulnerable

Giant Burrowing Frog (Helioporus australiacus) Vulnerable

Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea) Vulnerable

Littlejohn’s Tree Frog, Heath Frog (Litoria littlejohni) Vulnerable

Stuttering Frog (Mixophyes balbus) Vulnerable

Sei Whale (Balaenoptera borealis) Vulnerable Migratory

Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus) Endangered Migratory

Fin Whale (Calaenoptera physalus) Vulnerable Migratory

Large-eared Pied Bat, Large Pied Bat (Chalinolobus dwyeri) Vulnerable

Spot-tailed Quoll, Spotted-tail Quoll, Tiger Quoll (Dasyurusmaculatus maculatus)

Endangered

Southern Right Whale (Eubalaena australis) Endangered Migratory

Southern Brown Bandicoot (Easten) (Isoodon obesulus obesulus) Endangered

Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) Vulnerable Migratory

Greater Glider (Petauroides volans) Vulnerable

Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata) Vulnerable

Koala (Phacolarctos cinereus) Vulnerable

Long-nosed Potoroo (Potorous tridactylus tridactylus) Vulnerable

New Holland Mouse, Pookila (Pseudomys novaehollandiae) Vulnerable

Grey-headed Flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) Vulnerable

Dural Land Snail (Pommerhelix duralensis) Endangered

Bynoe’s Wattle, Tiny Wattle (Acacia bynoeana) Vulnerable

Sunshine Wattle Acacia (terminalis subsp. Terminalis) Endangered

Allocasuarina glareicola Endangered

Nielsen Park She-oak (Allocasuarina portuensis) Endangered

Asterolasia elegans Endangered

Thick-leaf Star-hair (Astrotricha crassifolia) Vulnerable

Thick-lipped Spider-orchid, Daddy Long-legs (Caladenia tessellate) Vulnerable


IW133900-0000-NP-RPT-014



Leafless Tongue-orchid (Cryptostylis hunteriana) Vulnerable

Darwinia biflora Vulnerable

Deyeuxia appressa Endangered

Camfield's Stringybark (Eucalyptus camfieldii) Vulnerable

Yellow Gnat-orchid (Genoplesium bauera) Endangered

Caley's Grevillea (Grevillea caleyi) Endangered

Grevillea shiressii Vulnerable

Wingless Raspwort, Square Raspwort (Haloragis exalata subsp.Exalata)

Vulnerable

Hal (Haloragodendron lucasii) Endangered

Kunzea rupestris Vulnerable

Lasiopetalum joyceae Vulnerable

Deane's Tea-tree (Leptospermum deanei) Vulnerable

Biconvex Paperbark (Melaleuca biconvexa) Vulnerable

Deane's Melaleuca (Melaleuca deanei) Vulnerable

Micromyrtus blakelyi Vulnerable

Angus's Onion Orchid (Microtis angusii) Endangered

Omeo Stork's-bill (Pelargonium sp. Striatellum (G.W.Carr 10345)) Endangered

Hairy Persoonia (Persoonia hirsute) Endangered

Persoonia mollis subsp. Maxima Endangered

Pimelea curviflora var. curviflora Vulnerable

Spiked Rice-flower (Pimelea spicata) Endangered

Tranquillity Mintbush, Tranquility Mintbush (Prostanthera askania) Endangered

Somersby Mintbush (Prostanthera junonis) Endangered

Seaforth Mintbush (Prostanthera marifolia) Critically Endangered

Magenta Lilly Pilly, Magenta Cherry, Pocket-less Brush

Cherry, Scrub Cherry, Creek Lilly Pilly, Brush Cherry (Syzygiumpaniculatum)

Vulnerable

Austral Toadflax, Toadflax (Thesium austral) Vulnerable

Triplarina imbricate Endangered

Loggerhead Turtle (Caretta caretta) Endangered Migratory

Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Vulnerable Migratory

Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth (Dermochelys coriacea) Endangered Migratory

Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricate) Vulnerable Migratory

Broad-headed Snake (Hoplocephalus bungaroides) Vulnerable

Olive Ridley Turtle, Pacific Ridley Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) Endangered Migratory

Flatback Turtle (Natator depressus) Vulnerable Migratory


IW133900-0000-NP-RPT-014



Grey Nurse Shark (east coast population) (Carcharias taurus (eastcoast population))

Critically Endangered

Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias) Vulnerable Migratory

Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus) Vulnerable Migratory

Fork-tailed Swift (Apus pacificus) Migratory

Streaked Shearwater (Calonectris leucomelas) Migratory

Flesh-footed Shearwater, Fleshy-footed Shearwater (Puffinuscarneipes)

Migratory

Sooty Shearwater (Puffinus griseus) Migratory

Wedge-tailed Shearwater (Puffinus pacificus) Migratory

Short-tailed Shearwater (Puffinus tenuirostris) Migratory

Little Tern (Sterna albifrons) Migratory

Buller's Albatross, Pacific Albatross (Thalassarche bulleri) Vulnerable Migratory

Antarctic Minke Whale, Dark-shoulder Minke Whale (Balaenopterabonaerensis)

Migratory

Bryde's Whale (Balaenoptera edeni) Migratory

Pygmy Right Whale (Caperea marginate) Migratory

Dugong (Dugong dugon) Migratory

Shortfin Mako, Mako Shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) Migratory

Longfin Mako (Isurus paucus) Migratory

Dusky Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) Migratory

Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark (Lamna nasus) Migratory

Reef Manta Ray, Coastal Manta Ray, Inshore Manta

Ray, Prince Alfred's Ray, Resident Manta Ray (Manta alfredi)

Migratory

Killer Whale, Orca (Orcinus orca) Migratory

Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus) Migratory

Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin (Sousa chinensis) Migratory

Oriental Cuckoo, Horsfield's Cuckoo (Cuculus optatus) Migratory

White-throated Needletail (Hirundapus caudacutus) Migratory

Black-faced Monarch (Monarcha melanopsis) Migratory

Spectacled Monarch (Monarcha trivirgatus) Migratory

Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla flava) Migratory

Satin Flycatcher (Myiagra cyanoleuca) Migratory

Rufous Fantail (Rhipidura rufifrons) Migratory

Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres) Migratory

Sharp-tailed Sandpiper (Calidris acuminate) Migratory

Pectoral Sandpiper (Calidris melanotos) Migratory


IW133900-0000-NP-RPT-014



Red-necked Stint (Calidris ruficollis) Migratory

Double-banded Plover (Charadrius bicinctus) Migratory

Latham’s Snipe, Japanese Snipe (Gallinago hardwickii) Migratory

Swinhoe’s Snipe (Gallinago megala) Migratory

Pin-tailed Snipe (Gallinago stenura) Migratory

Grey-tailed Tattler (Heteroscelus brevipes) Migratory

Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa lapponica) Migratory

Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa) Migratory

Little Curlew, Little Whimbrel (Numenius minutus) Migratory

Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) Migratory

Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) Migratory

Ruff (Reeve) (Philomachus pugnax) Migratory

Pacific Golden Plover (Pluvialis fulva) Migratory

Common Greenshank, Greenshank (Tringa nebularia) Migratory

Marsh Sandpiper, Little Greenshank (Tringa stagnatilis) Migratory


IW133900-0000-NP-RPT-014

Appendix D. Protected Matters Report

EPBC Act Protected Matters Report

This report provides general guidance on matters of national environmental significance and other mattersprotected by the EPBC Act in the area you have selected.

Information on the coverage of this report and qualifications on data supporting this report are contained in thecaveat at the end of the report.

Information is available about Environment Assessments and the EPBC Act including significance guidelines,forms and application process details.

Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act

Acknowledgements

Buffer: 20.0Km

Matters of NES

Report created: 02/08/16 10:50:25

Coordinates

This map may contain data which are©Commonwealth of Australia(Geoscience Australia), ©PSMA 2010

CaveatExtra Information

DetailsSummary

http://www.environment.gov.au/protection/environment-assessments

Summary

This part of the report summarises the matters of national environmental significance that may occur in, or mayrelate to, the area you nominated. Further information is available in the detail part of the report, which can beaccessed by scrolling or following the links below. If you are proposing to undertake an activity that may have asignificant impact on one or more matters of national environmental significance then you should consider theAdministrative Guidelines on Significance.

Matters of National Environmental Significance

Listed Threatened Ecological Communities:

Listed Migratory Species:

11

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park:

Wetlands of International Importance:

Listed Threatened Species:

None

101

4

2

National Heritage Places:

Commonwealth Marine Area:

World Heritage Properties:

None

1

79

The EPBC Act protects the environment on Commonwealth land, the environment from the actions taken onCommonwealth land, and the environment from actions taken by Commonwealth agencies. As heritage values of aplace are part of the 'environment', these aspects of the EPBC Act protect the Commonwealth Heritage values of aCommonwealth Heritage place. Information on the new heritage laws can be found athttp://www.environment.gov.au/heritage

This part of the report summarises other matters protected under the Act that may relate to the area you nominated.Approval may be required for a proposed activity that significantly affects the environment on Commonwealth land,when the action is outside the Commonwealth land, or the environment anywhere when the action is taken onCommonwealth land. Approval may also be required for the Commonwealth or Commonwealth agencies proposing totake an action that is likely to have a significant impact on the environment anywhere.

A permit may be required for activities in or on a Commonwealth area that may affect a member of a listed threatenedspecies or ecological community, a member of a listed migratory species, whales and other cetaceans, or a member ofa listed marine species.


None

None

39

Listed Marine Species:

Whales and Other Cetaceans:

100

Commonwealth Heritage Places:

31

39

Critical Habitats:

Commonwealth Land:

Commonwealth Reserves Terrestrial:

4Commonwealth Reserves Marine:

Extra Information

This part of the report provides information that may also be relevant to the area you have nominated.

1

12State and Territory Reserves:

Nationally Important Wetlands:

1Regional Forest Agreements:

Invasive Species: 53

3Key Ecological Features (Marine)

http://www.environment.gov.au/protection/environment-assessments

http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/permits-and-application-forms

Details

World Heritage Properties [ Resource Information ]Name StatusStateSydney Opera House - Buffer Zone Buffer zoneNSWSydney Opera House Declared propertyNSW

Commonwealth Marine Area [ Resource Information ]

Name

Approval is required for a proposed activity that is located within the Commonwealth Marine Area which has, will have, or islikely to have a significant impact on the environment. Approval may be required for a proposed action taken outside theCommonwealth Marine Area but which has, may have or is likely to have a significant impact on the environment in theCommonwealth Marine Area. Generally the Commonwealth Marine Area stretches from three nautical miles to two hundrednautical miles from the coast.

EEZ and Territorial Sea

National Heritage Properties [ Resource Information ]Name StatusStateNaturalKu-ring-gai Chase National Park, Lion, Long and Spectacle IslandNature Reserves

Listed placeNSW

HistoricNorth Head - Sydney Listed placeNSWSydney Harbour Bridge Listed placeNSWSydney Opera House Listed placeNSW

For threatened ecological communities where the distribution is well known, maps are derived from recoveryplans, State vegetation maps, remote sensing imagery and other sources. Where threatened ecologicalcommunity distributions are less well known, existing vegetation maps and point location data are used toproduce indicative distribution maps.

Listed Threatened Ecological Communities [ Resource Information ]

Name Status Type of PresenceBlue Gum High Forest of the Sydney Basin Bioregion Critically Endangered Community likely to occur

within areaCastlereagh Scribbly Gum and Agnes BanksWoodlands of the Sydney Basin Bioregion

Endangered Community may occurwithin area

Coastal Upland Swamps in the Sydney BasinBioregion

Endangered Community likely to occurwithin area

Cooks River/Castlereagh Ironbark Forest of theSydney Basin Bioregion

Critically Endangered Community may occurwithin area

Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub of the Sydney Region Endangered Community known to occurwithin area

Littoral Rainforest and Coastal Vine Thickets ofEastern Australia

Critically Endangered Community likely to occurwithin area

Posidonia australis seagrass meadows of theManning-Hawkesbury ecoregion

Endangered Community likely to occurwithin area

Shale Sandstone Transition Forest of the SydneyBasin Bioregion

Critically Endangered Community may occurwithin area

Subtropical and Temperate Coastal Saltmarsh Vulnerable Community likely to occurwithin area

Turpentine-Ironbark Forest in the Sydney BasinBioregion

Critically Endangered Community likely to occurwithin area

Western Sydney Dry Rainforest and Moist Critically Endangered Community likely to

Matters of National Environmental Significance

If you are planning to undertake action in an area in or close to the Commonwealth Marine Area, and a marinebioregional plan has been prepared for the Commonwealth Marine Area in that area, the marine bioregionalplan may inform your decision as to whether to refer your proposed action under the EPBC Act.

Marine Regions [ Resource Information ]

NameCoral SeaTemperate East

Listed Threatened Species [ Resource Information ]Name Status Type of PresenceBirds

Regent Honeyeater [82338] Critically Endangered Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Anthochaera phrygia

Australasian Bittern [1001] Endangered Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Botaurus poiciloptilus

Red Knot, Knot [855] Endangered Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Calidris canutus

Curlew Sandpiper [856] Critically Endangered Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Calidris ferruginea

Great Knot [862] Critically Endangered Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Calidris tenuirostris

Greater Sand Plover, Large Sand Plover [877] Vulnerable Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Charadrius leschenaultii

Lesser Sand Plover, Mongolian Plover [879] Endangered Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Charadrius mongolus

Eastern Bristlebird [533] Endangered Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Dasyornis brachypterus

Antipodean Albatross [64458] Vulnerable Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour likely to occurwithin area

Diomedea antipodensis

Gibson's Albatross [82270] Vulnerable Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour likely to occurwithin area

Diomedea antipodensis gibsoni

Southern Royal Albatross [1072] Vulnerable Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour likely to occurwithin area

Diomedea epomophora (sensu stricto)

Wandering Albatross [1073] Vulnerable Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour likely to occurwithin area

Diomedea exulans (sensu lato)

Northern Royal Albatross [64456] Endangered Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour likely to occurwithin area

Diomedea sanfordi

White-bellied Storm-Petrel (Tasman Sea), White-bellied Storm-Petrel (Australasian) [64438]

Vulnerable Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Fregetta grallaria grallaria

Painted Honeyeater [470] Vulnerable Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Grantiella picta

Swift Parrot [744] Critically Endangered Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Lathamus discolor

Bar-tailed Godwit (baueri), Western Alaskan Bar-tailedGodwit [86380]

Vulnerable Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Limosa lapponica baueri

Name Status Type of PresenceWoodland on Shale occur within area

Name Status Type of Presence

Northern Siberian Bar-tailed Godwit, Bar-tailed Godwit(menzbieri) [86432]

Critically Endangered Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Limosa lapponica menzbieri

Southern Giant-Petrel, Southern Giant Petrel [1060] Endangered Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Macronectes giganteus

Northern Giant Petrel [1061] Vulnerable Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Macronectes halli

Eastern Curlew [847] Critically Endangered Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour known to occurwithin area

Numenius madagascariensis

Fairy Prion (southern) [64445] Vulnerable Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Pachyptila turtur subantarctica

Sooty Albatross [1075] Vulnerable Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Phoebetria fusca

Herald Petrel [66973] Critically Endangered Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Pterodroma heraldica

Gould's Petrel, Australian Gould's Petrel [26033] Endangered Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Pterodroma leucoptera leucoptera

Kermadec Petrel (western) [64450] Vulnerable Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour may occur withinarea

Pterodroma neglecta neglecta

Australian Painted Snipe [77037] Endangered Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Rostratula australis

Australian Fairy Tern [82950] Vulnerable Breeding likely to occurwithin area

Sternula nereis nereis

Buller's Albatross, Pacific Albatross [64460] Vulnerable Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Thalassarche bulleri

Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross [82345] Vulnerable Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour likely to occurwithin area

Thalassarche cauta cauta

White-capped Albatross [82344] Vulnerable Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour likely to occurwithin area

Thalassarche cauta steadi

Chatham Albatross [64457] Endangered Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour likely to occurwithin area

Thalassarche eremita

Campbell Albatross, Campbell Black-browed Albatross[64459]

Vulnerable Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Thalassarche impavida

Black-browed Albatross [66472] Vulnerable Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Thalassarche melanophris

Salvin's Albatross [64463] Vulnerable Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour likely to occurwithin area

Thalassarche salvini

Fish


Black Rockcod, Black Cod, Saddled Rockcod [68449] Vulnerable Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Epinephelus daemelii

Macquarie Perch [66632] Endangered Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Macquaria australasica

Australian Grayling [26179] Vulnerable Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Prototroctes maraena

Frogs

Giant Burrowing Frog [1973] Vulnerable Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Heleioporus australiacus

Green and Golden Bell Frog [1870] Vulnerable Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Litoria aurea

Littlejohn's Tree Frog, Heath Frog [64733] Vulnerable Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Litoria littlejohni

Stuttering Frog, Southern Barred Frog (in Victoria)[1942]


Mixophyes balbus

Mammals

Sei Whale [34] Vulnerable Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Balaenoptera borealis

Blue Whale [36] Endangered Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Balaenoptera musculus

Fin Whale [37] Vulnerable Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Balaenoptera physalus

Large-eared Pied Bat, Large Pied Bat [183] Vulnerable Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Chalinolobus dwyeri

Spot-tailed Quoll, Spotted-tail Quoll, Tiger Quoll(southeastern mainland population) [75184]

Endangered Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Dasyurus maculatus maculatus (SE mainland population)

Southern Right Whale [40] Endangered Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Eubalaena australis

Southern Brown Bandicoot (Eastern) [68050] Endangered Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Isoodon obesulus obesulus

Humpback Whale [38] Vulnerable Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Megaptera novaeangliae

Greater Glider [254] Vulnerable Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Petauroides volans

Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby [225] Vulnerable Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Petrogale penicillata

Koala (combined populations of Queensland, NewSouth Wales and the Australian Capital Territory)

Vulnerable Species or species habitatknown to occur

Phascolarctos cinereus (combined populations of Qld, NSW and the ACT)

Name Status Type of Presence[85104] within area

Long-nosed Potoroo (SE mainland) [66645] Vulnerable Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Potorous tridactylus tridactylus

New Holland Mouse, Pookila [96] Vulnerable Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Pseudomys novaehollandiae

Grey-headed Flying-fox [186] Vulnerable Roosting known to occurwithin area

Pteropus poliocephalus

Other

Dural Land Snail [85268] Endangered Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Pommerhelix duralensis

Plants

Bynoe's Wattle, Tiny Wattle [8575] Vulnerable Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Acacia bynoeana

Sunshine Wattle [64829] Endangered Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Acacia terminalis subsp. terminalis

[21932] Endangered Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Allocasuarina glareicola

Nielsen Park She-oak [21937] Endangered Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Allocasuarina portuensis

[56780] Endangered Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Asterolasia elegans

Thick-leaf Star-hair [10352] Vulnerable Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Astrotricha crassifolia

Thick-lipped Spider-orchid, Daddy Long-legs [2119] Vulnerable Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Caladenia tessellata

Leafless Tongue-orchid [19533] Vulnerable Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Cryptostylis hunteriana

[14619] Vulnerable Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Darwinia biflora

[7438] Endangered Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Deyeuxia appressa

Camfield's Stringybark [15460] Vulnerable Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Eucalyptus camfieldii

Yellow Gnat-orchid [7528] Endangered Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Genoplesium baueri

Caley's Grevillea [9683] Endangered Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Grevillea caleyi

[19186] Vulnerable Species or species habitatlikely to occur

Grevillea shiressii

Name Status Type of Presencewithin area

Wingless Raspwort, Square Raspwort [24636] Vulnerable Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Haloragis exalata subsp. exalata

Hal [6480] Endangered Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Haloragodendron lucasii


Kunzea rupestris


Lasiopetalum joyceae

Deane's Tea-tree [21777] Vulnerable Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Leptospermum deanei

Biconvex Paperbark [5583] Vulnerable Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Melaleuca biconvexa

Deane's Melaleuca [5818] Vulnerable Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Melaleuca deanei


Micromyrtus blakelyi

Angus's Onion Orchid [64530] Endangered Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Microtis angusii

Omeo Stork's-bill [84065] Endangered Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Pelargonium sp. Striatellum (G.W.Carr 10345)

Hairy Persoonia [19006] Endangered Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Persoonia hirsuta

[56075] Endangered Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Persoonia mollis subsp. maxima

[4182] Vulnerable Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Pimelea curviflora var. curviflora

Spiked Rice-flower [20834] Endangered Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Pimelea spicata

Tranquillity Mintbush, Tranquility Mintbush [64958] Endangered Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Prostanthera askania

Somersby Mintbush [64960] Endangered Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Prostanthera junonis

Seaforth Mintbush [7555] Critically Endangered Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Prostanthera marifolia

Magenta Lilly Pilly, Magenta Cherry, Pocket-less BrushCherry, Scrub Cherry, Creek Lilly Pilly, Brush Cherry[20307]


Syzygium paniculatum


Austral Toadflax, Toadflax [15202] Vulnerable Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Thesium australe

[64543] Endangered Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Triplarina imbricata

Reptiles

Loggerhead Turtle [1763] Endangered Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour known to occurwithin area

Caretta caretta

Green Turtle [1765] Vulnerable Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour known to occurwithin area

Chelonia mydas

Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth [1768] Endangered Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour known to occurwithin area

Dermochelys coriacea

Hawksbill Turtle [1766] Vulnerable Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Eretmochelys imbricata

Broad-headed Snake [1182] Vulnerable Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Hoplocephalus bungaroides

Olive Ridley Turtle, Pacific Ridley Turtle [1767] Endangered Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Lepidochelys olivacea

Flatback Turtle [59257] Vulnerable Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour known to occurwithin area

Natator depressus

Sharks

Grey Nurse Shark (east coast population) [68751] Critically Endangered Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Carcharias taurus (east coast population)

Great White Shark [64470] Vulnerable Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Carcharodon carcharias

Whale Shark [66680] Vulnerable Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Rhincodon typus

Listed Migratory Species [ Resource Information ]* Species is listed under a different scientific name on the EPBC Act - Threatened Species list.Name Threatened Type of PresenceMigratory Marine Birds

Fork-tailed Swift [678] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Apus pacificus

Streaked Shearwater [1077] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Calonectris leucomelas





Name Threatened Type of Presence



Gibson's Albatross [64466] Vulnerable* Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour likely to occurwithin area

Diomedea gibsoni


Diomedea sanfordi




Macronectes halli


Phoebetria fusca

Flesh-footed Shearwater, Fleshy-footed Shearwater[1043]

Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour likely to occurwithin area

Puffinus carneipes

Sooty Shearwater [1024] Breeding known to occurwithin area

Puffinus griseus

Wedge-tailed Shearwater [1027] Breeding known to occurwithin area

Puffinus pacificus

Short-tailed Shearwater [1029] Breeding known to occurwithin area

Puffinus tenuirostris

Little Tern [813] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Sterna albifrons



Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross [64697] Vulnerable* Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour likely to occurwithin area

Thalassarche cauta (sensu stricto)










White-capped Albatross [64462] Vulnerable* Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour likely to occurwithin area

Thalassarche steadi

Migratory Marine Species

Antarctic Minke Whale, Dark-shoulder Minke Whale[67812]

Species or species habitatmay occur within

Balaenoptera bonaerensis

Name Threatened Type of Presencearea



Bryde's Whale [35] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Balaenoptera edeni





Pygmy Right Whale [39] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Caperea marginata

Great White Shark [64470] Vulnerable Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Carcharodon carcharias


Caretta caretta


Chelonia mydas



Dugong [28] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Dugong dugon




Eubalaena australis

Shortfin Mako, Mako Shark [79073] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Isurus oxyrinchus

Longfin Mako [82947] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Isurus paucus

Dusky Dolphin [43] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Lagenorhynchus obscurus

Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark [83288] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Lamna nasus



Reef Manta Ray, Coastal Manta Ray, Inshore MantaRay, Prince Alfred's Ray, Resident Manta Ray [84994]

Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Manta alfredi


Giant Manta Ray, Chevron Manta Ray, Pacific MantaRay, Pelagic Manta Ray, Oceanic Manta Ray [84995]

Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Manta birostris



Flatback Turtle [59257] Vulnerable Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour known to occurwithin area

Natator depressus

Killer Whale, Orca [46] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Orcinus orca

Sperm Whale [59] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Physeter macrocephalus

Whale Shark [66680] Vulnerable Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Rhincodon typus

Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin [50] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Sousa chinensis

Migratory Terrestrial Species

Oriental Cuckoo, Horsfield's Cuckoo [86651] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Cuculus optatus

White-throated Needletail [682] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Hirundapus caudacutus

Black-faced Monarch [609] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Monarcha melanopsis

Spectacled Monarch [610] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Monarcha trivirgatus

Yellow Wagtail [644] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Motacilla flava

Satin Flycatcher [612] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Myiagra cyanoleuca

Rufous Fantail [592] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Rhipidura rufifrons

Migratory Wetlands Species

Ruddy Turnstone [872] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Arenaria interpres

Sharp-tailed Sandpiper [874] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Calidris acuminata


Calidris canutus

Curlew Sandpiper [856] Critically Endangered Species or species habitatknown to occur

Calidris ferruginea

Name Threatened Type of Presencewithin area

Pectoral Sandpiper [858] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Calidris melanotos

Red-necked Stint [860] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Calidris ruficollis



Double-banded Plover [895] Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour known to occurwithin area

Charadrius bicinctus




Charadrius mongolus

Latham's Snipe, Japanese Snipe [863] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Gallinago hardwickii

Swinhoe's Snipe [864] Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour likely to occurwithin area

Gallinago megala

Pin-tailed Snipe [841] Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour likely to occurwithin area

Gallinago stenura

Grey-tailed Tattler [59311] Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour known to occurwithin area

Heteroscelus brevipes

Bar-tailed Godwit [844] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Limosa lapponica

Black-tailed Godwit [845] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Limosa limosa



Little Curlew, Little Whimbrel [848] Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour likely to occurwithin area

Numenius minutus

Whimbrel [849] Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour known to occurwithin area

Numenius phaeopus

Osprey [952] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Pandion haliaetus

Ruff (Reeve) [850] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Philomachus pugnax

Pacific Golden Plover [25545] Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour known to occurwithin area

Pluvialis fulva


Common Greenshank, Greenshank [832] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Tringa nebularia

Marsh Sandpiper, Little Greenshank [833] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Tringa stagnatilis

Commonwealth Land [ Resource Information ]The Commonwealth area listed below may indicate the presence of Commonwealth land in this vicinity. Due tothe unreliability of the data source, all proposals should be checked as to whether it impacts on aCommonwealth area, before making a definitive decision. Contact the State or Territory government landdepartment for further information.

NameCommonwealth Land -Commonwealth Land - Australian & Overseas Telecommunications CorporationCommonwealth Land - Australian Broadcasting CommissionCommonwealth Land - Australian Broadcasting CorporationCommonwealth Land - Australian Postal CommissionCommonwealth Land - Australian Postal CorporationCommonwealth Land - Australian Telecommunications CommissionCommonwealth Land - Australian Telecommunications CorporationCommonwealth Land - Commonwealth Bank of AustraliaCommonwealth Land - Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research OrganisationCommonwealth Land - Commonwealth Trading Bank of AustraliaCommonwealth Land - Defence Housing AuthorityCommonwealth Land - Defence Service Homes CorporationCommonwealth Land - Director of Defence Service HomesCommonwealth Land - Director of War Service HomesCommonwealth Land - Reserve Bank of AustraliaCommonwealth Land - Telstra Corporation LimitedDefence - DEE WHY DEPOTDefence - DEGAUSSING RANGEDefence - GARDEN ISLANDDefence - HMAS PENGUINDefence - HMAS PLATYPUS - SPDU FOR DISPOSALDefence - HMAS WATERHENDefence - HMAS WATSONDefence - NFI CHOWDER BAY (fuel depot)Defence - NORTH SYDNEY - HYDRO OFFICEDefence - PITTWATER DIVING ANNEX (forms part of "RAN Torpedo Range")Defence - PYMBLE MULTI-USER DEPOTDefence - TRAINING SHIP CONDAMINEDefence - VAUCLUSE TRAINING DEPOTDefence - WILLOUGHBY TRG DEP

Commonwealth Heritage Places [ Resource Information ]Name StatusStateHistoric

Listed placeAdmiralty House Garden and Fortifications NSWListed placeAdmiralty House and Lodge NSWListed placeArmy Cottage with return verandah NSWListed placeBarracks Group HMAS Watson NSW


Listed Marine Species [ Resource Information ]* Species is listed under a different scientific name on the EPBC Act - Threatened Species list.Name Threatened Type of PresenceBirds

Fork-tailed Swift [678] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Apus pacificus

Great Egret, White Egret [59541] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Ardea alba

Cattle Egret [59542] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Ardea ibis

Ruddy Turnstone [872] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Arenaria interpres

Sharp-tailed Sandpiper [874] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Calidris acuminata


Calidris canutus

Curlew Sandpiper [856] Critically Endangered Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Calidris ferruginea

Name StatusStateListed placeBatteries A83 and C9A NSWListed placeBattery B42 NSWListed placeBattery for Five Guns NSWListed placeBuildings 31 and 32 NSWListed placeChain and Anchor Store (former) NSWListed placeChowder Bay Barracks Group NSWListed placeCliff House NSWListed placeCommonwealth Avenue Defence Housing NSWListed placeCottage at Macquarie Lighthouse NSWListed placeCustoms Marine Centre NSWListed placeDefence site - Georges Heights and Middle Head NSWListed placeFactory NSWListed placeGarden Island Precinct NSWListed placeGolf Clubhouse (former) NSWListed placeHMAS Penguin NSWListed placeHeadquarters 8th Brigade Precinct NSWListed placeHeadquarters Training Command Precinct NSWListed placeKirribilli House NSWListed placeKirribilli House Garden & Grounds NSWListed placeMacquarie Lighthouse NSWListed placeMacquarie Lighthouse Group NSWListed placeMacquarie Lighthouse Surrounding Wall NSWListed placeMarine Biological Station (former) NSWListed placeMilitary Road Framework - Defence Land NSWListed placeNaval Store NSWListed placeNavy Refuelling Depot and Caretakers House NSWListed placeNorth Head Artillery Barracks NSWListed placeNorth Sydney Post Office NSWListed placeOffice Building NSWListed placeOfficers Mess, HQ Training Command NSWListed placeResidences Group NSWListed placeRigging Shed and Chapel NSWListed placeShark Point Battery NSWListed placeTen Terminal Regiment Headquarters and AusAid Training Centre NSW

Listed placeThirty Terminal Squadron Precinct NSW


Pectoral Sandpiper [858] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Calidris melanotos

Red-necked Stint [860] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Calidris ruficollis



Streaked Shearwater [1077] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Calonectris leucomelas

Great Skua [59472] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Catharacta skua

Double-banded Plover [895] Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour known to occurwithin area

Charadrius bicinctus




Charadrius mongolus

Red-capped Plover [881] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Charadrius ruficapillus

Oriental Cuckoo, Himalayan Cuckoo [710] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Cuculus saturatus







Gibson's Albatross [64466] Vulnerable* Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour likely to occurwithin area

Diomedea gibsoni


Diomedea sanfordi

Little Penguin [1085] Breeding known to occurwithin area

Eudyptula minor

Latham's Snipe, Japanese Snipe [863] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Gallinago hardwickii

Swinhoe's Snipe [864] Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour likely to occurwithin area

Gallinago megala

Pin-tailed Snipe [841] Foraging, feeding orGallinago stenura

Name Threatened Type of Presencerelated behaviour likely tooccur within area

White-bellied Sea-Eagle [943] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Haliaeetus leucogaster

Grey-tailed Tattler [59311] Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour known to occurwithin area

Heteroscelus brevipes

Black-winged Stilt [870] Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour known to occurwithin area

Himantopus himantopus

White-throated Needletail [682] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Hirundapus caudacutus

Swift Parrot [744] Critically Endangered Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Lathamus discolor

Bar-tailed Godwit [844] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Limosa lapponica

Black-tailed Godwit [845] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Limosa limosa




Macronectes halli

Rainbow Bee-eater [670] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Merops ornatus

Black-faced Monarch [609] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Monarcha melanopsis

Spectacled Monarch [610] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Monarcha trivirgatus

Yellow Wagtail [644] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Motacilla flava

Satin Flycatcher [612] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Myiagra cyanoleuca



Little Curlew, Little Whimbrel [848] Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour likely to occurwithin area

Numenius minutus

Whimbrel [849] Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour known to occurwithin area

Numenius phaeopus

Fairy Prion [1066] Species or species habitatknown to occur

Pachyptila turtur

Name Threatened Type of Presencewithin area

Osprey [952] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Pandion haliaetus

Ruff (Reeve) [850] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Philomachus pugnax


Phoebetria fusca

Pacific Golden Plover [25545] Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour known to occurwithin area

Pluvialis fulva

Flesh-footed Shearwater, Fleshy-footed Shearwater[1043]

Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour likely to occurwithin area

Puffinus carneipes

Sooty Shearwater [1024] Breeding known to occurwithin area

Puffinus griseus

Wedge-tailed Shearwater [1027] Breeding known to occurwithin area

Puffinus pacificus

Short-tailed Shearwater [1029] Breeding known to occurwithin area

Puffinus tenuirostris

Red-necked Avocet [871] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Recurvirostra novaehollandiae

Rufous Fantail [592] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Rhipidura rufifrons

Painted Snipe [889] Endangered* Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Rostratula benghalensis (sensu lato)

Little Tern [813] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Sterna albifrons



Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross [64697] Vulnerable* Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour likely to occurwithin area

Thalassarche cauta (sensu stricto)










White-capped Albatross [64462] Vulnerable* Foraging, feeding or relatedbehaviour likely

Thalassarche steadi

Name Threatened Type of Presenceto occur within area

Common Greenshank, Greenshank [832] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Tringa nebularia

Marsh Sandpiper, Little Greenshank [833] Species or species habitatknown to occur within area

Tringa stagnatilis

Fish

Shortpouch Pygmy Pipehorse [66187] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Acentronura tentaculata

Girdled Pipefish [66214] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Festucalex cinctus

Tiger Pipefish [66217] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Filicampus tigris

Upside-down Pipefish, Eastern Upside-down Pipefish,Eastern Upside-down Pipefish [66227]

Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Heraldia nocturna

Beady Pipefish, Steep-nosed Pipefish [66231] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Hippichthys penicillus

Big-belly Seahorse, Eastern Potbelly Seahorse, NewZealand Potbelly Seahorse [66233]


Hippocampus abdominalis

White's Seahorse, Crowned Seahorse, SydneySeahorse [66240]


Hippocampus whitei

Crested Pipefish, Briggs' Crested Pipefish, Briggs'Pipefish [66242]


Histiogamphelus briggsii

Javelin Pipefish [66251] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Lissocampus runa

Sawtooth Pipefish [66252] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Maroubra perserrata

Red Pipefish [66265] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Notiocampus ruber

Common Seadragon, Weedy Seadragon [66268] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Phyllopteryx taeniolatus

Duncker's Pipehorse [66271] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Solegnathus dunckeri

Spiny Pipehorse, Australian Spiny Pipehorse [66275] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Solegnathus spinosissimus

Robust Ghostpipefish, Blue-finned Ghost Pipefish,[66183]


Solenostomus cyanopterus

Rough-snout Ghost Pipefish [68425] Species or species habitatmay occur within

Solenostomus paegnius

Name Threatened Type of Presencearea

Ornate Ghostpipefish, Harlequin Ghost Pipefish,Ornate Ghost Pipefish [66184]


Solenostomus paradoxus

Spotted Pipefish, Gulf Pipefish [66276] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Stigmatopora argus

Widebody Pipefish, Wide-bodied Pipefish, BlackPipefish [66277]


Stigmatopora nigra

a pipefish [74966] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Stigmatopora olivacea

Double-end Pipehorse, Double-ended Pipehorse,Alligator Pipefish [66279]


Syngnathoides biaculeatus

Bentstick Pipefish, Bend Stick Pipefish, Short-tailedPipefish [66280]


Trachyrhamphus bicoarctatus

Hairy Pipefish [66282] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Urocampus carinirostris

Mother-of-pearl Pipefish [66283] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Vanacampus margaritifer

Mammals

Long-nosed Fur-seal, New Zealand Fur-seal [20] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Arctocephalus forsteri

Australian Fur-seal, Australo-African Fur-seal [21] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Arctocephalus pusillus

Dugong [28] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Dugong dugon

Reptiles


Caretta caretta


Chelonia mydas





Elegant Seasnake [1104] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Hydrophis elegans



Flatback Turtle [59257] Vulnerable Foraging, feeding orNatator depressus

Name Threatened Type of Presencerelated behaviour known tooccur within area

Yellow-bellied Seasnake [1091] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Pelamis platurus

Whales and other Cetaceans [ Resource Information ]Name Status Type of PresenceMammals

Minke Whale [33] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Balaenoptera acutorostrata

Antarctic Minke Whale, Dark-shoulder Minke Whale[67812]


Balaenoptera bonaerensis



Bryde's Whale [35] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Balaenoptera edeni





Pygmy Right Whale [39] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Caperea marginata

Common Dophin, Short-beaked Common Dolphin [60] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Delphinus delphis


Eubalaena australis

Pygmy Killer Whale [61] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Feresa attenuata

Short-finned Pilot Whale [62] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Globicephala macrorhynchus

Long-finned Pilot Whale [59282] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Globicephala melas

Risso's Dolphin, Grampus [64] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Grampus griseus

Southern Bottlenose Whale [71] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Hyperoodon planifrons

Pygmy Sperm Whale [57] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Kogia breviceps

Dwarf Sperm Whale [58] Species or species habitatmay occur within

Kogia simus

Name Status Type of Presencearea

Fraser's Dolphin, Sarawak Dolphin [41] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Lagenodelphis hosei

Dusky Dolphin [43] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Lagenorhynchus obscurus

Southern Right Whale Dolphin [44] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Lissodelphis peronii



Andrew's Beaked Whale [73] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Mesoplodon bowdoini

Blainville's Beaked Whale, Dense-beaked Whale [74] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Mesoplodon densirostris

Gingko-toothed Beaked Whale, Gingko-toothedWhale, Gingko Beaked Whale [59564]


Mesoplodon ginkgodens

Gray's Beaked Whale, Scamperdown Whale [75] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Mesoplodon grayi

Strap-toothed Beaked Whale, Strap-toothed Whale,Layard's Beaked Whale [25556]


Mesoplodon layardii

True's Beaked Whale [54] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Mesoplodon mirus

Killer Whale, Orca [46] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Orcinus orca

Melon-headed Whale [47] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Peponocephala electra

Sperm Whale [59] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Physeter macrocephalus

False Killer Whale [48] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Pseudorca crassidens

Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin [50] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Sousa chinensis

Spotted Dolphin, Pantropical Spotted Dolphin [51] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Stenella attenuata

Striped Dolphin, Euphrosyne Dolphin [52] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Stenella coeruleoalba

Long-snouted Spinner Dolphin [29] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Stenella longirostris


Rough-toothed Dolphin [30] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Steno bredanensis

Shepherd's Beaked Whale, Tasman Beaked Whale[55]


Tasmacetus shepherdi

Indian Ocean Bottlenose Dolphin, Spotted BottlenoseDolphin [68418]


Tursiops aduncus

Bottlenose Dolphin [68417] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Tursiops truncatus s. str.

Cuvier's Beaked Whale, Goose-beaked Whale [56] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Ziphius cavirostris

[ Resource Information ]Commonwealth Reserves MarineName LabelCentral Eastern Habitat Protection Zone (IUCN IV)Central Eastern Multiple Use Zone (IUCN VI)Coral Sea Multiple Use Zone (IUCN VI)Hunter Multiple Use Zone (IUCN VI)

State and Territory Reserves [ Resource Information ]Name StateBerowra Valley NSWBlue Gum High Forest NSWBouddi NSWBrisbane Water NSWDalrymple-Hay NSWGarigal NSWKu-ring-gai Chase NSWLane Cove NSWLion Island NSWLong Island NSWMuogamarra NSWSydney Harbour NSW

Regional Forest Agreements [ Resource Information ]

Note that all areas with completed RFAs have been included.

Name StateNorth East NSW RFA New South Wales

Extra Information

Invasive Species [ Resource Information ]Weeds reported here are the 20 species of national significance (WoNS), along with other introduced plantsthat are considered by the States and Territories to pose a particularly significant threat to biodiversity. Thefollowing feral animals are reported: Goat, Red Fox, Cat, Rabbit, Pig, Water Buffalo and Cane Toad. Maps fromLandscape Health Project, National Land and Water Resouces Audit, 2001.

Name Status Type of PresenceBirds

Common Myna, Indian Myna [387] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Acridotheres tristis

Skylark [656] Species or species habitatlikely to occur

Alauda arvensis

Name Status Type of Presencewithin area

Mallard [974] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Anas platyrhynchos

European Goldfinch [403] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Carduelis carduelis

European Greenfinch [404] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Carduelis chloris

Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon [803] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Columba livia

Nutmeg Mannikin [399] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Lonchura punctulata

House Sparrow [405] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Passer domesticus

Eurasian Tree Sparrow [406] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Passer montanus

Red-whiskered Bulbul [631] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Pycnonotus jocosus

Spotted Turtle-Dove [780] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Streptopelia chinensis

Common Starling [389] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Sturnus vulgaris

Common Blackbird, Eurasian Blackbird [596] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Turdus merula

Frogs

Cane Toad [83218] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Rhinella marina

Mammals

Domestic Cattle [16] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Bos taurus

Domestic Dog [82654] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Canis lupus familiaris

Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat [19] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Felis catus

Feral deer species in Australia [85733] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Feral deer

Brown Hare [127] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Lepus capensis

House Mouse [120] Species or speciesMus musculus

Name Status Type of Presencehabitat likely to occur withinarea

Rabbit, European Rabbit [128] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Oryctolagus cuniculus

Brown Rat, Norway Rat [83] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Rattus norvegicus

Black Rat, Ship Rat [84] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Rattus rattus

Red Fox, Fox [18] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Vulpes vulpes

Plants

Alligator Weed [11620] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Alternanthera philoxeroides

Madeira Vine, Jalap, Lamb's-tail, Mignonette Vine,Anredera, Gulf Madeiravine, Heartleaf Madeiravine,Potato Vine [2643]


Anredera cordifolia

Asparagus Fern, Ground Asparagus, Basket Fern,Sprengi's Fern, Bushy Asparagus, Emerald Asparagus[62425]


Asparagus aethiopicus

Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper, Smilax, Florist'sSmilax, Smilax Asparagus [22473]


Asparagus asparagoides

Climbing Asparagus-fern [48993] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Asparagus plumosus

Asparagus Fern, Climbing Asparagus Fern [23255] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Asparagus scandens

Cabomba, Fanwort, Carolina Watershield, Fish Grass,Washington Grass, Watershield, Carolina Fanwort,Common Cabomba [5171]


Cabomba caroliniana

Bitou Bush, Boneseed [18983] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Chrysanthemoides monilifera

Boneseed [16905] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera

Bitou Bush [16332] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata

Broom, English Broom, Scotch Broom, CommonBroom, Scottish Broom, Spanish Broom [5934]


Cytisus scoparius

Cat's Claw Vine, Yellow Trumpet Vine, Cat's ClawCreeper, Funnel Creeper [85119]


Dolichandra unguis-cati

Water Hyacinth, Water Orchid, Nile Lily [13466] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Eichhornia crassipes

Flax-leaved Broom, Mediterranean Broom, Flax Species or speciesGenista linifolia

Nationally Important Wetlands [ Resource Information ]Name StateBrisbane Water Estuary NSW

Name Status Type of PresenceBroom [2800] habitat likely to occur within

area

Montpellier Broom, Cape Broom, Canary Broom,Common Broom, French Broom, Soft Broom [20126]


Genista monspessulana

Broom [67538] Species or species habitatmay occur within area

Genista sp. X Genista monspessulana

Lantana, Common Lantana, Kamara Lantana, Large-leaf Lantana, Pink Flowered Lantana, Red FloweredLantana, Red-Flowered Sage, White Sage, Wild Sage[10892]


Lantana camara

African Boxthorn, Boxthorn [19235] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Lycium ferocissimum

Chilean Needle grass [67699] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Nassella neesiana

Prickly Pears [82753] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Opuntia spp.

Radiata Pine Monterey Pine, Insignis Pine, WildingPine [20780]


Pinus radiata

Asparagus Fern, Plume Asparagus [5015] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Protasparagus densiflorus

Climbing Asparagus-fern, Ferny Asparagus [11747] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Protasparagus plumosus

Blackberry, European Blackberry [68406] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Rubus fruticosus aggregate

Delta Arrowhead, Arrowhead, Slender Arrowhead[68483]


Sagittaria platyphylla

Willows except Weeping Willow, Pussy Willow andSterile Pussy Willow [68497]


Salix spp. except S.babylonica, S.x calodendron & S.x reichardtii

Salvinia, Giant Salvinia, Aquarium Watermoss, KaribaWeed [13665]


Salvinia molesta

Fireweed, Madagascar Ragwort, MadagascarGroundsel [2624]


Senecio madagascariensis

Gorse, Furze [7693] Species or species habitatlikely to occur within area

Ulex europaeus

Key Ecological Features are the parts of the marine ecosystem that are considered to be important for thebiodiversity or ecosystem functioning and integrity of the Commonwealth Marine Area.

Key Ecological Features (Marine) [ Resource Information ]

Name RegionCanyons on the eastern continental slope Temperate eastTasman Front and eddy field Temperate eastTasmantid seamount chain Temperate east

- non-threatened seabirds which have only been mapped for recorded breeding sites

- migratory species that are very widespread, vagrant, or only occur in small numbers

- some species and ecological communities that have only recently been listed

Not all species listed under the EPBC Act have been mapped (see below) and therefore a report is a general guide only.Where available data supports mapping, the type of presence that can be determined from the data is indicated in generalterms. People using this information in making a referral may need to consider the qualifications below and may need to seekand consider other information sources.

For threatened ecological communities where the distribution is well known, maps are derived from recovery plans, Statevegetation maps, remote sensing imagery and other sources. Where threatened ecological community distributions are lesswell known, existing vegetation maps and point location data are used to produce indicative distribution maps.

- seals which have only been mapped for breeding sites near the Australian continent

Such breeding sites may be important for the protection of the Commonwealth Marine environment.

For species where the distributions are well known, maps are digitised from sources such as recovery plans and detailedhabitat studies. Where appropriate, core breeding, foraging and roosting areas are indicated under 'type of presence'. Forspecies whose distributions are less well known, point locations are collated from government wildlife authorities, museums,and non-government organisations; bioclimatic distribution models are generated and these validated by experts. In somecases, the distribution maps are based solely on expert knowledge.

The information presented in this report has been provided by a range of data sources as acknowledged at the end of thereport.

Caveat

- migratory and

The following species and ecological communities have not been mapped and do not appear in reports produced from thisdatabase:

- marine

This report is designed to assist in identifying the locations of places which may be relevant in determining obligations underthe Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. It holds mapped locations of World and National Heritageproperties, Wetlands of International and National Importance, Commonwealth and State/Territory reserves, listed threatened,migratory and marine species and listed threatened ecological communities. Mapping of Commonwealth land is not completeat this stage. Maps have been collated from a range of sources at various resolutions.

- threatened species listed as extinct or considered as vagrants

- some terrestrial species that overfly the Commonwealth marine area

The following groups have been mapped, but may not cover the complete distribution of the species:

Only selected species covered by the following provisions of the EPBC Act have been mapped:

-23.77501 158.02577,-27.81064 156.13962,-32.14601 154.08606,-33.76904 152.75496,-33.76673 151.80032,-33.73426 151.52449,-33.70833151.3958,-33.69731 151.3458,-33.69925 151.30684

Coordinates

-Environment and Planning Directorate, ACT-Birdlife Australia-Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme

-Department of Parks and Wildlife, Western Australia

Acknowledgements

-Office of Environment and Heritage, New South Wales

-Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Tasmania

-Parks and Wildlife Commission NT, Northern Territory Government-Department of Environmental and Heritage Protection, Queensland

-Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Victoria

-Australian National Wildlife Collection

-Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, South Australia

This database has been compiled from a range of data sources. The department acknowledges the followingcustodians who have contributed valuable data and advice:

-Australian Museum

-National Herbarium of NSW

Forestry Corporation, NSW-Australian Government, Department of Defence

-State Herbarium of South Australia

The Department is extremely grateful to the many organisations and individuals who provided expert adviceand information on numerous draft distributions.

-Natural history museums of Australia

-Queensland Museum

-Australian National Herbarium, Atherton and Canberra

-Royal Botanic Gardens and National Herbarium of Victoria

-Geoscience Australia

-Ocean Biogeographic Information System

-Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums-Queensland Herbarium

-Western Australian Herbarium

-Tasmanian Herbarium

-Northern Territory Herbarium

-South Australian Museum

-Museum Victoria

-University of New England

-CSIRO-Other groups and individuals

© Commonwealth of Australia

+61 2 6274 1111

Canberra ACT 2601 Australia

GPO Box 787

Department of the Environment

Please feel free to provide feedback via the Contact Us page.

http://www.environment.act.gov.au/

http://birdlife.org.au/

http://www.environment.gov.au/science/bird-and-bat-banding

http://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/

http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/

http://dpipwe.tas.gov.au/

http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/

http://www.depi.vic.gov.au/home

http://www.csiro.au/en/Research/Collections/ANWC

http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/Home

http://australianmuseum.net.au/

http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/science/Herbarium_and_resources/nsw_herbarium

http://www.forestrycorporation.com.au/

http://www.defence.gov.au/

http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/Science/Science_research/State_Herbarium

http://www.qm.qld.gov.au/

http://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/herbarium/

http://www.rbg.vic.gov.au/science/herbarium-and-resources/national-herbarium-of-victoria

http://www.ga.gov.au/

http://www.iobis.org/

http://ozcam.org.au/

http://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/plants/herbarium/

http://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/plants-and-animals/wa-herbarium

http://www.tmag.tas.gov.au/collections_and_research/tasmanian_herbarium

http://www.lrm.nt.gov.au/plants-and-animals/herbarium

http://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/

http://museumvictoria.com.au/

http://www.une.edu.au

http://www.csiro.au/

http://www.environment.gov.au/copyright-statement

http://www.environment.gov.au/about-us/contact-us


IW133900-0000-NP-RPT-014

Appendix E. Radiated Power vs Source Level for UnderwaterNoise

japan-guam-australia (jga) cable

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