japan’s experiences in

Environmentally Sound Management of E-waste

1

Shunichi Honda, PhD.

Office of Waste Disposal Management

Ministry of the Environment, [email protected]

- Home Appliances Recycling Law -

Japan’s Experiences in

E-waste Workshop at IETC8 July2010

Ministry of the EnvironmentGovernment of Japan

Contents

1 Home Appliances Recycling Law

2 Statistical Data

3 Review of the Law: Accomplishments & Problems

4 PCs and other UEEE/WEEE

IETC E-waste workshop, Jul 2010, Honda

Legislative Framework

Waste Management and Public Cleansing Law

Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources

Container and Packaging Recycling

Law

Home Appliances Recycling Law

Construction Materials

Recycling Law

Food Wastes Recycling Law

End-of-life Vehicles

Recycling Law

Law on Promoting Green Purchasing

Basic Environment Law

Fundamental Law for Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society

(Regulations according to the Characteristics of Respective Items)

Effective since Aug 1994

Jan 2001

Apr 2000 May 2001May 2002Apr 2001 Jan 2005

<Appropriate treatment of waste> <Promotion of recycling>


Home Appliance Recycling Law

ObjectiveLegally promotion of ESM of E-waste and efficient use of recyclable resources

Mechanism

Introduction of responsibilities to all stakeholders:

• End users: payment of recycling fee

• Retailers: collection of used home appliances

• Manufacturers: recycling of collected appliances

Targets

Air conditioners

Televisions (CRTs, LCD/PDP TVs)

Refrigerators and freezers

Washing machines and clothes dryers


1. Payment of the fees for transportation and recyclingEx. for recycling fee: Air conditioner: JPY 3,150; TV sets: JPY 1,785-2,835; Refrigerator/freezer: JPY 3,780-4,830; Washing machine: 2,520.

2. Proper transfer to retailers or othersDis

char

ge

1. Target equipment that the retailer sold in the past2. Target equipment which is requested for collection when new

products are purchased.

Retailers

Co

llect

ion

an

d

tran

spo

rtat

ion

Designated corporations

Re

cycl

ing,

etc

.

1. When there are no entities that are obliged to collect

2. Entrusted by small and medium-sized companies

Monitoring of implementation

Ensuring reliable

transport by manifesto

system

Designated collection sitesIssue and reference

379 Designatedcollection sites

49 Recycling plants

Mu

nic

ipal

itie

sM

un

icip

alit

ies

Target equipment that the manufacturer made or the importer imported in the past

Manufacturers and importers

Mechanism of the Recycling Law

Collection and transfer

Recycling

End users Payment of fees



Material Flow of Waste Home Appliances

E-waste

Air conditioners,

TV sets, Refrigerators,

Washing machines, etc.

Separate parts

Metals

Printed circuit boards

Compressors

Refrigerants

CRTs

Plastics

Residues

Processes

Metal refinements

CFCs destructions

Cullet recoveries

Glass refinements

Cement refinements

Metal refinements

Steel companies (blast furnaces)

Resin refinements

Industrial waste treatment

Recycling

Metal resources

High temperature destruction

(Plasma destruction, etc.)

Raw materials

Cement fuel

Agents for burning, addictives

Reducing agents for blast furnaces

(Alternative coke)

Raw resin

Incineration, landfill, etc

Motors


Washing machines/Cloth dryers

Air conditioners

Refrigerators/Freezers

LCD/PDP TVsCRT TVs

0

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Statistical DataA

pp

lian

ces

recy

cle

d (

un

its)

Recycling

rate (%)

86

74

75

88

85

FY


Illegal Dumping Cases- CRT TV Sets, Washing Machines, Air Conditioners, Refrigerators -

Ille

gal D

um

pin

g (U

nit

s)

Enforcement

FY

[Surveyed data]

[Surveyed data / Covering ratio of surveyed data in population]



Home Appliance Recycling Law

Other Flow outsideLegal Framework

Dis

char

ge

Retailers

Co

llect

ion

an

d

tran

spo

rtR

ecy

clin

g, e

tc.

Designated collection site

Flow of Waste Home Appliances

End users

Municipalities Local recyclers (for 2nd hand markets, etc)

• 2nd hand collectors

• Metal scrap dealers

etc

Municipalities Manufacturers, importers, Designated

corporations

23 million units

0.3 million units

11 million units

11 million units

0.07 million units 12 million

units

Units in FY 2005


Review of the Law- Evaluation after 5 years-enforcement -

Enforcement results

Accomplishment Problems

Actual recycling rate (74%) > Target recycling rate (50-60%)

• Flow outside the Law

• Higher/uniform recycling fee

Residual time of landfill sites: 12.8 years →14.8 years • Illegal dumping

Issue of payment - whether to change deferred payment to pre-payment? -

Concerns of recycling fee before 2001

→

Opinions in 2006

• Uncertainty recycling cost • Achievement to high recycling rate

• Expectation of recycling cost down by economic-driven activities

• Need provisions for each problem

↓↓

Deferred payment Keep the payment; but need improvementIETC E-waste workshop, Jul 2010, Honda

Provisions for Each Problem

1

Transparency/user friendly mechanism

• Transparent recycling fee• Recycling cost down by economic-driven activities

2Appropriate transportation to recycling facilities

• Strengthening appropriate transportation

3

Prevention of illegal dumping

• Strengthening regular monitoring, collaboration among stakeholders

4

Promotion of a sound-material-cycle society: 3R

• Promotion to collect 2nd hand products • Strict enforcement of the Basel Convention


UEEE/WEEE Guidelines

TV sets

Air conditioners

Refrigerators & freezers

Washing machines

New 10 15 20

ReuseDepending on

Market DemandRecycling

7Life Years

Recommendation


PCs and other UEEE/WEEE

Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of

Resources

To promote businesses to utilize recourses

To collect PCs, small devices, secondary batteries, etc for recycling

PCs

Pre-payment by first users/Deferred payment by end users

Users → Postal Offices → Facilities

Mobile phones, etc

Voluntarily (EPR)

Users → Collection boxes → Facilities

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

200,000

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Re

cycl

ing

rate

(%

)

Co

llect

ed

un

its

FY

Desktop PCs Laptop PCs

CRT monitors LCD monitors


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