japan's international contribution in the field of ict for disaster
TRANSCRIPT
Japan’s International Contribution in the Field of ICT for Disaster Risk Reduction
Yasuo Sakamoto, Vice-Minister for Policy Coordination (International Affairs),
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan March 14, 2015
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Worldwide Disaster Situation and Japan’s Position
0
0
0
61 Billion 35 Billion 66 Billion
87 Billion
165 Billion
251 Billion
39 Billion
82 Billion
203 Billion
50 Billion
138 Billion
371 Billion
138 Billion
16666 39496
21342
113513
244880
93076 29893
22424
241567
15264
304812
33825 9330
174 Million
109 Million
659 Million
255 Million 162 Million 161 Million
126 Million
212 Million 222 Million
199 Million
255 Million 211 Million
106 Million
Storms caused the most economic damage - this was also the year of
Hurricane Katrina. Earthquakes caused the most economic damage - this was also the year of the
Sichuan earthquake in China.
Earthquakes caused the most economic damage - this was also the year of the Great East
Japan Earthquake.
Drought affected most people - this was also the year of major
drought in India and China
Floods affected most people - this was also the year of major flooding in south and central parts of China
Earthquakes killed the most people - this was also the year of Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
Storms killed the most people - this was also the year of Cyclone
NARGIS
Earthquakes killed the most people - this
was also the year of the Haiti earthquake.
2012 2000 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001
DAMAGE
AFFECTED
KILLED
Source:UNISDR
Damage by disasters all over the world after 2000 3
International Financing of DRR 4
World Bank $ 3.57 billion = 25.7%
Japan $ 3.75 billion = 27.6%
International financing of disaster risk reduction (DRR) in 1991-2010 (Bilateral and multilateral donors: Total $13.5 billion)
Japan contributes to “mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction” in the international society.
“Mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction” is to make disaster risk reduction (DRR) the most preferential subject and to introduce disaster preparedness in all development policies and projects.
Source: Financing Disaster Risk Reduction (2013)
Among bilateral donors, Japan’s share is 64%.
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Importance of ICT in the Field of
Disaster Risk Reduction
Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake 6
4%
6%
20%
51%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Built refuge facilitiessuch as evacuationtowers for residents
Enhance disasterprevention facilitiessuch as seawalls
Deliver tsunami andevacuation informationsurely even in case of
power failure
Evacuate to upland assoon as possible
Most important counter measures to protect community from tsunami
Method to confirm safety of family members living together
1%
17%
25%
69%
7%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Other
Direct confirmation
E-mail by mobilephone
Telephon call bymobile phone
Telephon call by fixed-line phone
…
Source: Special Working Group of the Cabinet Office
CONCEPT “3S”: Features of ICT for DRR
• To make communication networks resilient • To enhance information security • To utilize ICT to make social infrastructure resillient
2 Secure
• ICT utilization when disaster occurs to visualize disaster situation • Sensor networks to collect big data • Big data utilization to predict disaster with high precision
3 Smart
Seamless in Time • Information Sharing among
Systems in Each Phase of Prevention, Emergency Response, Recovery/Reconstruction
• Utilizing Past Disaster Information for Future Disaster Prediction
• Prompt Information Sharing When Disaster Occurs
Seamless in Space • Cross-regional and cross-
border Information sharing • ICT as Social Infrastructure • Resolving Digital Divide to Realize
Disaster Information Transmission not Restricted by Geological Conditions
• Providing appropriate disaster information based on local ICT infrastructure
Seamless between Organizations
Responsible for DRR • Mutual Information Sharing
among National Government, Local Governments and Communities
• Information Sharing within Respective Organizations
• Information Transmission to Residents and Communities through Various Media
1 Seamless
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[Resilience]
Efforts toward realizing CONCEPT “3S” and Lessons 8
Difficulty of access to necessary information
Information divide among institutions, residents
Occurrence of communication congestion
Damage to communication infrastructure
(including loss of power supply)
Lessons for ICT systems from the Great East Japan Earthquake
Efforts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
Vulnerability of printed documentt
Based on 2011/2012 White Paper Information and Communication in Japan
• ICT infrastructure to collect and integrate disaster information, and to deliver it by various media
1 Seamless
• Ensuring communication networks
• R&D for resilient communication infrastructure
2 Secure
• Enhancement of coping capabilities by digitalization
• Utilization of SNS, Cloud computing, IoT and Big data
3 Smart
9 1. Seamless: L-Alert
Municipal governments
Information Provider
Prefectures Connected with
standard format
Various types
of format
Collection, format
conversion, and distribution
Information Communicator
Net operator
Radio operator
TV operator
Radio
Digital TV
Mobile phone ・Smartphone Emergency prompt mail (Push distribution for all in the area )
Utilization of disaster prevention application (Push distribution to application users)
Emergency broadcast (provided by sound)
Web distribution
Data broadcasting, etc. (text is displayed)
Central government
Lifeline New service operators
Mobile phone operator
Signage, car navigation, etc.
Cable Terrestrial
Main server Backup
server
Local Resident
10 1. Seamless: Area Mail
Earthquake detected
Earthquake occurs
Broadcast to specified areas
Not delivered to other areas
Area A
Area B
JMA*
Earthquake Early Warning Earthquake occurred off X area. Please be prepared for strong tremors.
Disaster occurs
Evacuation Directive The X river is in danger of flooding ・・・・
National/local public bodies
Earthquake Early Warning**
Notify by special buzzer or vibration
Earthquake Early Warning
Tsunami Warning
Tsunami Warning People in coastal areas should evacuate to safe places such as hills immediately. (JMA)
Popup display image
Tsunami Warnings**
Disaster/evacuation information
Notify by a special ringtone
** Japanese Only
* Japan Meteorological Agency
Area Mail System
Area Mail
11 2. Secure: Disaster Resistant ICT Research Center
The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) aims:
• To develop a disaster-resistant ICT system • To revitalize of economic activities in the affected areas
NICT has established a world top level research center, “Disaster resistant ICT research center,” in Tohoku University to promote Industry-Academic-Government collaborative research.
Organization of the Center: Center Head: Dr. Yoshiaki Nemoto, Deputy Head: Dr. Hiroshi Shibuya.
25 Staff (including 12 Researchers in 3 laboratories)
• March 11, 2011 The Great East Japan Earthquake • April 2012 Inauguration of the Center • May in 2012 Inauguration of Disaster Resistant ICT
Research Development Meeting • March 25, 2013 Disaster Resistant ICT Research Symposium
and Demonstration • March 3, 2014 Opening ceremony
12 2.Secure: Disaster Resistant ICT Research Center
Wireless technology sector
Information science sector
Photonic technology sector
Vigorous participation in SIP (Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program)
Provision of test bed functions, collaboration with municipalities/disaster preparedness agencies, etc.
Transmission of Japan’s ICT for disaster risk reduction domestically and overseas
Disaster resistant information analysis system
Transportable optical amplifier
JGN-XInternet
片平キャンパス青葉山キャンパス
NICT本部
200 m
Mesh node integrated with LED streetlight
Rooftop mesh node w/o 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi AP
Rooftop WiMAX base station
5.6 GHz Wi-Fi link
2.4 GHz Wi-Fi coverage
Rooftop mesh node w/ 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi AP
JGN-X connected mesh nodeWiMAX link
UAS relay node Vehicle installation earth station
(Material: NHK Takamatsu
Mesh experiment equipment and emulator
Emergency
Path connection for key communications
Connection-off when unnecessary/not urgent
Optical packet/optical path integrated node
Sharing by pass and packet
要望の一覧(例)
13 3.Smart: Disaana (Disaster Resistant SNS Information Analysis System)
Users
Input Japanese questions Provide replies by PC and
smart phone
• Rapid and exhaustive grasp of damaged situation
• Grasp/efficiency of relief situations
Collect/analyze information
submitted to SNS Disaana Opening to the public from November 2014 (Functions partially)
Analyze Twitter data for January following the Great East Japan Earthquake
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International Contribution by ICT for Disaster Risk Reduction
Solution Map of ICT for DRR in Japan 15
Terminal on-site
equipment
・Sensor (earthquake, water level, rainfall amount, wind speed, landslide, etc.) ・Meteorological radar ・Camera (fixed, mobile, helicopter) ・Satellite observation (image, position information)
・Broadcast reception terminal (IP announcement terminal, PC, etc.) ・One segment terminal ・Speaker ・Mini satellite earth station
Application
・Meteorological observation information collection system ・Damage information collection system ・Safety/evacuation information collection system ・Image monitoring/analysis system
・Meteorological analysis system ・Geographical information system ・Shelters/evacuees management system ・Supplies management system ・Administrative operation system
・Damage forecasting system
・Emergency information transmission system ・Evacuation information / announcement management system
Platform ・Sensor information collection/control infrastructure
・Comprehensive disaster prevention information system ・Risk management information management system ・Space data platform system ・Infrastructure management system ・Police/fire prevention command and control system
・Cloud platform/big data analysis
・Emergency alarm broadcast ・Cell broadcast
Com
munication
infrastructure
・Disaster prevention administrative radio network(mobile) ・Satellite communications
・Disaster prevention administrative radio(broadcast reception, mobile) ・Satellite communications ・Portable fire prevention module in disaster
・Satellite communications ・Radio communications networks(FWA, WiFi, microwave, TV White Space, etc.) ・Submarine cable
Observation/Collection Information analysis (Centralization) Delivery
・ L-ALERT ・ J-ALERT
Accumulation
Disaster
prevention use
General use
MIC’s Efforts on ICT for DRR 16
Government-level Dialogue
F/S, Pilot Project
Workshops for Capacity Building
Collaboration with Relevant Agencies
Promoting mutual understanding with partner countries
Deepening understanding of ICT
solutions
Capacity building
Expansion into the whole field of disaster
prevention
Issues Efforts
17 Japan’s contributions in ICT for DRR in the world
・Flood inundation simulation (2012) Thailand
・High sensitivity monitoring camera system(2013) ・Submerged cable seismograph(2012) ・Emergency management information system(2013)
Taiwan
・ICT for disaster management (2011-) ・Public broadband mobile communications system(2014) ・Comprehensive disaster preparedness system(2013) ・National space data infrastructure system(2014)
Indonesia ・ICT materials/equipment support (2011 -)
AHA Centre
・Spate/flood simulation (2006) U.K.
・ISDB-T Emergency alarm broadcasting system (2013)
Honduras
・Disaster preparedness communication network(2013)
Tonga
・Emergency alarm broadcasting (2014) ・Meteorological radar(2014) ・MDRU(2014-)
Philippines
・Flood damage forecast system(2014) ・Damage information collection functions(2014) ・Disaster information unified transmission system (2014) ・Bridge managementt sensor system (2012)
Vietnam
※ Based on industry survey
・Meteorological radar (2014) India
May 2014, supported by the ASEAN-Japan ICT Fund Workshop on Sensor Networks
• Outline: Lectures and site visits on Japanese technologies for sensor networks for disaster risk reduction and environment observation.
• Participants: ASEAN member countries’ ICT ministries (18 officials in total).
June 2014, supported by the Asia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT) Voluntary Contribution
Workshop on Disaster Management and Communications
• Outline: Lectures and site visits on Japanese technologies for emergency communication and emergency warning systems
• Participants: APT member countries’ ICT/DM ministries (93 officials in total)
Dec. 2014, supported by the ASEAN-Japan ICT Fund) Workshop on
ICT for Disaster Management • Outline: Lectures and site visits on Japanese ICT for disaster management • Participants: ASEAN member countries’ ICT ministries (13 officials in total)
Japan’s Contributions: Workshops for Capacity Building
Covering ICT for disaster management and related areas
Developing human resources in cooperation with international organizations
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Japan’s Contribution: AHA Centre 19
The AHA Centre was established in November 2011 in Jakarta for handling communication and coordination activities among disaster management agencies of ASEAN countries when disasters or emergency situations arise in the ASEAN region.
AHA Centre: ASEAN co-ordinating centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management
Roles of the AHA Centre • Normal Times
• Monitoring situation of the ASEAN region • Supporting training for disaster management • Holding workshops on disaster management
• At the time of disaster • Sharing disaster information and coordinating emergency
response activities with ASEAN countries MIC’s Support to the AHA Centre MIC provides ICT facilities through the Japan-ASEAN Integration Fund (JAIF)
Disaster Management Agency
Establishment of communications network Introduction of information sharing system
Install ICT systems Dispatch a Japanese specialist to the AHA center. Capacity building for AHA center staff, disaster response agencies.
emergency response emergency communication equipment, backup,etc.
Phase 1: Nov 2011 – Mar 2013
Phase 3 April 2015 (projection -)
Phase 2: April 2013 - Mar 2015
20 Japan’s Contributions: MDRU
Cebu island
At the request of the Philippines, ITU, Japan (MIC), and the Philippines (DOST) signed a cooperation agreement for a joint project of MRDU. (May 2014)
MDRU won first prize in the ITU contest*and was awarded a prize in ITU Telecom World in 2013. (Nov 2013)
(*)ITU-MCMC Contest to Promote the Transformational Power of Broadband - Connecting at the Roots
MDRU (Movable and Deployable ICT Resource Unit) provides ICT services, such as wireless IP phone, rapidly and easily in disaster-affected areas.
A feasibility study of phone calls and data communication with MRDU is being carried out in northern Cebu (Dec 2014~)
Two types: Car type and Attache case type
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, JAPAN
Thank you!
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