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JAPANSUMMARY
JAPANSUMMARYPRIVATE
DRAFT 6.3.95
INTENSIVE CARE
LIFT‑OFF/ACCENT IMPROVEMENT LANGUAGE
A MORNING WITH DR. BOLAND
COMPUTER‑BASED JAPANESE
LEARNING MAINTENANCE PACK
(Retained)
Copyright:
RGAB 1995/1 - rough draft
No copies of without written permission.
LIFT OFF/ACCENT IMPROVEMENT - JAPANESE
LEARNING MAINTENANCE
CONTENTS
ItemPage No.
Brochure 3
Basic Vocabulary
5
Accent/Structure Exercise
7
Simple Grammatical Summary
18
Feedback Quiz
35
Glossary
44
Speed Test
53
LIFT‑OFF/ACCENT IMPROVEMENT LANGUAGE ‑ A MORNING WITH DR. BOLAND
COMPUTER‑BASED JAPANESE/MANDARIN/KHMER
BROCHURE
Geneva, April 1994
1.THE PROGRAM
a.Each program is a four hour computer‑based learning experience with a partner (a natural language speaker), designed for managers with severe time constraints. It uses new learning theories to achieve rapid conscious and non‑conscious learning.
b.The LEARNING is achieved by "absorbing" the language and speaking continuously with the partner in a special learning environment.
c.The PARTNER continually encourages us to achieve excellent pronunciation, but does NOT teach nor critique the program. The PARTNER is a "learning aid" to inspire changes in our KSA ‑ knowledge, skills and (above all) attitudes, towards "absorbing" the language.
d.The technical structures in the final version of each program are verified by recognized university-based language specialists.
2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
The specific learning objectives of the morning are:
a.To begin to decode the music of the language with improved listening, speaking, understanding and confidence.
b.To practice using about 200 words/phrase in the language with an EXCELLENT accent.
c.To develop personal confidence in whispering, speaking, singing, imitating and even shouting in the language.
d.To motivate further study in the future.
3.WHY BOTHER?
You speak English. You do business with an foreign speaker, who speaks perfect English. He "seems" to understand everything you say in English ... so why bother with lift‑off" or "accent improvement" in his/her language?
a.LIFT‑OFF (getting into a new language rapidly) ‑ you make the effort to learn some of a new language, so that he/she feels "more comfortable" with you as a person ...
b.ACCENT IMPROVEMENT (speaking the language) ‑ you recognize that a "bad accent" can be EXHAUSTING for the listener ... and like "halitosis" ... he/she can NEVER tell you ...
... so why not take just a morning ... to improve the quality of your communication ... and feel "more comfortable" ... with yourself ...?
4.A NEW WAY OF LEARNING
We must take a little time to prepare our minds to learn in a new way; thus we must:
a.Recognize ‑ that most of what we do in life, we do without special awareness, almost non‑consciously rather than consciously, while responding to our environment which communicates with us all the tim e.g. driving the car.
b.Recognize ‑ that our non‑conscious mind is very powerful, it has an almost unlimited capacity to learn. And it can learn much faster than our conscious mind, if we can make the emotional investment to allow the learning process to operate freely and not be blocked.
c.Convince ‑ our non‑conscious mind, that we really a must and can, understand, use and remember, everything in this short learning process; and for this we must get emotionally invested!
d.Develop ‑ the confidence to relax and let our powerful non‑conscious mind guide us through a very rewarding, and yet highly emotional, learning experience, just for the morning, with a partner, together.
5.ACTIVITIES
Part I ‑ Early Morning
08.30 ‑ 09.00 Sect. 1 ‑ Objectives/feedback
09.00 ‑ 09.30 Sect. 2 ‑ Accents/Structure Exercise
09.30 ‑ 10.00 Sect. 3 ‑ Introductions ‑ A
10.00 ‑ 10.30 Sect. 4 ‑ Introductions ‑ B
10.30 - 11.00 Coffee break
Part II ‑ Late Morning
11.00 ‑ 11.20 Sect. 1 - Accents/Structure Exercise
11.20 - 11.40 Sect. 2 ‑ Social A
11.40 - 12.00 Sect. 3 ‑ Social B
12.00 ‑ 12.20 Sect. 4 ‑ Accents/Structure Exercise
12.20 ‑ 13.00 Sect. 4 ‑ Review/feedback
6.FURTHER INFORMATION
Dr. R.G.A. Boland
Tele/fax 33‑50‑40‑89‑82/33-50-31-56-50
Chemin Garenne, Prevessin‑Moens, 01280, France.
BASIC VOCABULARY - JAPANESE
INTRODUCTIONS ‑ A
Iwatashianata
karekanojo
sorewatashi‑tachianata‑gata
karerahaiiieka?= question
IIen/ja/dewa/naito/soshite
watashi wa..desu/imasuanata wa..desu/imasu
kare wa..desu/arimasu kanojo wa..desu/arimasu
sore wa..arimasu watashi‑tachi wa..desu/imasu
anata‑gata wa..desu/imasukarera wa..desu/arimasu/imasu
watashi wa..dewa arimasen/imasenkoko/soko ni
A!Aru/arimasu/atte (to be)
INTRODUCTIONS ‑ B
Ikonnichiwaohio goza‑imasu
kombanwaoyasumi nasai
anata wa ogenki desu ka?watashi wa genki desu
domo arigatosayonara
dozo/o negai shi‑masu/kudasaiSan (shi)
San (fugin)San (jo)
IIotoko no‑hitoonna no‑hito
watashi wa..o motte imasu/imasenanata wa..o motte imasu
kare/kanojo wa..o motte imasuwatashi‑tachi wa..o motte imasu
anata‑gata wa..o motte imasu karera wa..o motte imasu
budoshu sukoshi
heya A!
SOCIAL ‑ A
Iikutsu?zeroichinisan
shigorokushichihachi
kuju
IImotte/tasuhikunodo ga kawaiteonaka ga suite
tabemonopanshiawase
tsukareta
bettochikaidoru
okane
ni
SOCIAL ‑ B
Ikono/koreano/aredoko?dare?nani?
ikura?yoiwaruiyasuino‑tame‑ni
IIwatashi o/nish‑imasu/suru/shitehoshii/‑tai
Santor‑imasu/toru/totteag‑emasu/ageru/agete
tab‑emasu/taberu/tabete
nom‑imasu/nomu/nonde
nemur‑imasu/nemuru/nemutte
ryoko sh‑imasu/suru/shite
BASIC VOCABULARY - ENGLISH
INTRODUCTIONS ‑ A
I. Iyouheshe
itweyouthey
yesno
II.notandI amyou are
he isshe isit iswe are
you arethey areI am nothere
thereoh!
INTRODUCTIONS ‑ B
I.Hellogood morninggood eveninggoodnight
How are you? I am wellthank you
goodbyepleaseMrMrs
Miss
II.athemanwoman
I haveyou havehe hasshe has
we haveyou havethey haveI have not
winesomeroomoh
SOCIAL ‑ A
I.how many?zeroonetwo
threefourfivesix
seveneightnineten
II.moreless thirstyhungry
foodbreadhappytired
bedneardollarmoney
to
SOCIAL ‑ B
I.thisthatwhere?who?
what?how much?goodbad
cheapfor
II.medowanttake
giveeatdrinksleep
travelSir
ACCENTS/STRUCTURE EXERCISE
(Total time ‑ 30 minutes)
SAY EVERYTHING ... IN A BEAUTIFUL BUT HIGHLY DRAMATIC TONE ... HIGHLY EXAGERATED ... THIS IS IMPORTANT ... FOR BOTH CONSCIOUS AND NON‑CONSCIOUS LEARNING ...
Part A ‑ Accent Improvement Routine (5 minute)
Try to achieve perfect pronunciation with repetition several times in several musical/rhythmic tones ... make it sound ... beautiful ... on we go ...
1. First:
a.Get comfortable ... and ... WHISPER
watashi‑wadesuarimasen
karemott/eanata‑gata
itasukeredomohaji‑mema‑shite
iras‑shai‑maseyoroshiio negai sh‑imasu
b.BREATH deeply and completely RELAX and let all the stress drain away ... eyes closed ... relax by breathing very deeply THREE times ... exhaling very slowly ... then on we go ...
2.Second:
a.Get comfortable ... and ... SAY:
do‑i‑tahshe‑ma‑shi‑te
hanash‑imasu
su‑mi‑masengahaji‑me‑ma‑shi‑te
dewa‑naiitaru
jikangoto
i‑ra‑shai‑ma‑sekudasai
kuri‑kae‑shi
o‑kae‑ri‑na‑saiwarui
konnichiwa
okusamahocho
o negai sh‑imasu
b.Completely RELAX
3.Third:
a.Get comfortable ... and ... SHOUT ... VERY LOUDLY ...:
tsuyoishit‑sureishimasu
ikura desu?kudasaii‑ta‑da‑ki‑masu
go‑ku‑ro sa‑ma
takusan
chot‑to o‑ma‑chikudasaigozai‑mashite
do‑i‑tah shi‑shi‑ta
o negai sh‑imasu
c.Completely RELAX and let all the stress and tension drain away ... with the same deep breathing ... eyes closed ...
4.Now you should feel relaxed but intensely alert with an accent that improves every time you do this routine ...
5.Now with eyes closed do the "RADIO/TAPE EXERCISE" for two minutes: 30 seconds ‑ relax and listen; 30 seconds ‑ listen intensly alert; 30 seconds ‑ relax and try NOt to listen; 30 seconds ‑ relax, listen and repeat any words you hear; do this radio (or tape) exercise every half hour or so ... and surprise yourself ...
Part B ‑ Structured Phrase Routine (15 minutes)
a.Repeat each phrase ... DIFFERENTLY ...three times with musical rhythm, expression, until you do so almost instinctively, without thinking too much about it!!
b.Get your whole body active; communicate with everything ... mouth, eyes, face, hands and body; make it fun ... make it almost musical ... make your words interesting ... use your name ... just for the week ... to go with your new accent ... add "yes, yes, yes" to positive phrases and "no, no, no" to negative phrases ... and you say them "differently" ... each time ... emphasise different words ... with different EMOTIONS ...
c.Emotional investment is the ... KEY to Learning Maintenance ...
1. To illustrate questions: Note: ka = question and
ja and ‑en = not
a.Sore wa, doko ni, arimasu ka?
Where is it?
Hai. sore wa, koko ni, arimasu.
Yes, it is here.
Iie, sore wa, koko ni, arimasen!!
No, it is not here.
b.Kore wa, nan, desu ka.
What is it?
Hai, hai hai, kore wa, budoshu, desu.
Yes, yes, yes it is wine.
Iie, iie, iie, kore wa, budoshu, dewa arimasen.
No, no, no, it is not wine!!
c.Ano hito wa, dare, desu, ka?
Who is that person?
Charlie, desu (or your new "name")
It is Charlie
Charlie, de wa arimasen
It is not Charlie!!!
d.
Ikura, desu ka?
How much is it?
Ichi doru ($), desu.
It is one dollar.
2. To illustrate subject and object:
a. Watashi wa, mizu o, nomimasu.
I, drink, the water.
b. Anata ga, kore o, nomimasu.
You, drink, it.
c. Kare wa, pan o, tabemasu.
He, eats, the bread.
d. Kanojo wa, kore o, tabemasu.
She, eats, it.
3. To illustrate nouns and plurals:
a. Otoko no hito wa, pan o, tabemasu.
The man, eats, the bread.
b. Onna no hito wa, pan o, tabemasu.
The woman, eats, the bread.
c. Otoko no hito‑tachi wa, mizu o, nomimasu.
The men, drink, the water.
d. Onna no hito‑tachi wa, mizu o, nomimasu.
The women, drink, the water.
4. To illustrate definite and indefinite articles:
a. Otoko no hito wa, mizu o, nomimasu.
The man, drinks, the water.
b. Otoko no hito wa, mizu o sukoshi, nomimasu.
The man, drinks, some water.
c. Otoko no hito wa, heya ga, hoshii desu.
The man, wants, a room.
d. Otoko no hito wa, sono heya ga, hoshii desu.
The man, wants, this room.
5. To illustrate demonstrative pronouns:
a. Kono, otoko no hito wa, heya ga, hoshii desu.
This, man, wants, the room.
b. Ano, otoko no hito wa, heya ga, hoshii desu.
That, man, wants, the room.
c. Onna no hito wa, kono, pan ga, hoshii desu.
The woman, wants, this, bread.
d. Onna no hito wa, ano, pan ga, hoshii desu.
The woman, wants, that, bread.
6. To illustrate adjectives:
a. Yoi, otoko no hito ga, pan o, tabemasu.
The good, man, eats. the bread.
b. Warui, otoko no hito ga, pan o, tabemasu.
The bad, man, eats, the bread.
c. Yoi, onna no hito ga, yoi pan o, tabemasu.
The good, woman, eats, the good bread.
d. Warui onna no hito ga, warui pan o, tabemasu.
The bad woman, eats, the bad bread.
7. To illustrate possessive pronouns:
a. Onna no hito ga, watashi‑no pan o, tabemasu.
The woman, eats, my bread.
b. Onna no hito ga, watashi‑no pan o, tabemasu.
The woman, eats, my bread.
c. Ano, hito no oksan ga, kare‑no pan o, tabemasu.
That man's wife, eats, his bread.
d. Charlie no, okusan ga, kanojo‑no pan o, tabemasu.
Charlie's wife, eats, her bread.
8. To illustrate "it is" and "there is"
Note:
is =desu for persons
=imasu for place;
=arimasu for objects and others.
a. Soko ni, pan ga, arimasu.
There is bread (object).
b. Kore wa, koko ni, arimasu.
It is here (object).
c. Soko ni, otoko no hito ga, imasu.
There is a man (place).
d. Kore wa, ii desu.
It is good (person).
e. Sore wa, anata ga ... ni, hitsuyo desu.
It is necessary that you ...
f. Sore wa, watashi ga ... ni, hitsuyo desu.
It is necessary that I ...
g. Sore wa, watashi ga ... ni, juyo desu.
It is important that I ...
9. To illustrate the present tense:
a. Watashi wa, tabemasu. I eat
b. Watashi wa, tabemasen. I do not eat
c. Watashi wa, tabete‑imasu.I am eating
d. Watashi wa, tabete‑imasen.I am not eating
e. Anata ga, pan o, tabemasu.You eat the bread
f. Anata ga, pan o, tabemasen.You do not eat the bread
g. Anata ga, kore o, tabemasu.You eat it
h. Anata ga, kore o, tabemasenYou do not eat it
10. To illustrate adverbs/prepositions:
a. Otokono hito wa, heya no nakade, tabemasu.
The man, eats, in the room.
b. Otoko no hito wa, ima (now), tabemasu.
The man, eats, now.
c. Otoko no hito wa, subayaku (quickly), tabemasu.
The man, eats, quickly.
d. Otokono hito wa, supun de, tabemasu.
The man, eats, with a spoon.
.... now stop a moment ... for quiet reflection ...
.... please relax, close your eyes and let the ...
.... language live in your mind ... deeper and deeper ...
11. To illustrate "to be":
a. Watashi wa, otoko, desu.
I am a man.
b. Watashi wa, otoko, de wa arimasen.
I am not a man.
c. Anata wa, koko ni, imasu.
You are here.
d. Anata wa, koko ni, imasen.
You are not here.
e. Anata wa, heya ni, imasu.
You are in the room.
f. Anata wa, heya ni, imasen.
You are not in the room.
12. To illustrate "to have":
a. Watashi wa, pan o, motte imasu.
I, have, the bread.
b. Watashi wa, pan o, motte imasen.
I, do not have, the bread.
c. Anata ga, kore o, motte imasu.
You, have, it.
d. Anata ga, kore o, motte imasen.
You, do not, have it.
13. To illustrate the passive tense:
a. Otoko no, hito wa, pan o, tabemasu.
The man, eats, the bread.
b. Pan wa, otoko no hito ni, tabe‑rare‑masu.
The bread, is eaten by, the man.
c. Ann onna no hito wa, mizu ga, hoshii desu.
That woman, wants, the water.
d. Mizu wa, anno onna no hito ni, hoshii ga‑rare masu.
The water, is wanted, by that woman.
14. To illustrate questions: Note: ka = question.
a. Dare wa, otoko no hito, desu ka?
Who, is, the man?
b. Kore wa, nan, desu ka?
What, is, it?
c. Sore wa, doko, desu ka?
Where, is, it?
d. Pan wa, ikura, desu ka?
How much, is, the bread?
15. To illustrate positive and negative:
a. Hai
Yes
b. Iie.
No
c. Kippari
Definitely!!
d. Sappari
Definitely not!
16. To illustrate "must":
a. Watashi wa, sore o, motsu‑beki desu.
I must, have, it.
b. Anata wa, iku‑beki desu.
You, must, go.
c. Minna ga, taberu‑beki desu.
Everybody, must, eat.
d. Minna ga, iku‑beki dewa nai desu.
Everybody, must not, go.
17. To illustrate "want"
a. Watashi wa, pan ga, hoshii desu.
I want the bread.
b. Anata wa, heya ga, hoshii desu.
You want a room.
c. Watashi wa, tabe‑tai.
I want to eat.
d. Anata wa, sukoshi, moni‑tai.
You want some.
18. To illustrate "everyone":
a. Minna wa, koko ni, imasu.
Everyone is here.
b. Minna wa, pan o, tabemasu.
Everyone eats bread.
c. Minna wa ... ni tsuite hanashimasu.
Everyone talks about ...
d. Minna wa, soko ni, ikimasu.
Everyone goes there.
19. To illustrate relative pronouns:
a. Koko ni, iru, otoko no hito ...
The man who is here ....
b. Watashi to (isshori) tabeta, otoko no hito ...
The man with whom I eat ...
c. Watashi no suki na, otoko no hito ...
The man I like ...
d. Watashi ga, taberu pan ...
The bread that I eat ..
20. To illustrate the past tense:
a. Watashi wa, tabete imashita.
I was eating.
b. Watashi wa, tabemasen deshita.
I was not eating.
c. Anata wa, pan o, tabemashita.
You have eaten the bread.
d. Anata wa, pan o, tabemasen deshita.
You have not eaten the bread.
21. To illustrate the future tense: (I intend to do ...)
a. Watashi wa, taberu o, tsumori desu (intend)
I intend to eat.
b. Watashi wa, taberu o, tsumori dewa arimasen
I do not intend to eat.
c. Anata wa, pan o, taberu o, tsumori desu
You intend to eat bread.
d. Anata wa, sore o, taberu, tsumori de wa arimasen
You do not intend to eat it.
22. To illustrate exclamations:
a. Mo sukoshi o, kudasai
Just a little more please!!
b. Hotondo shimatte masu!
Almost closed!!
Ii desu, Charlie!
Well done, Charlie!
c. Watashi wa, ii desu!!
That's OK by me!!
d. Zenbu, ii desu ka?
Is everything OK?
e. Hidari e magatte
Turn left.
Migi e magatte
Turn right.
Massugu ni itte
Go ahead.
Sonama ma itte
Keep going.
f. Koko de tomatte!!!
Stop right here!!!
g. Ii desu. Subarashi!
OK! Terrific!
Rippa na!
Stupendous!
Sugoi
Great!
h. Hai, waru kunai desu!!!
Really not too bad!!!
i. Hai, anata wa, sore o shimasuYes, you do.
Iie, watashi wa shimasen.
No I don't!
Hai, anata wa, sore o, shimasu.Yes, you do!!
Iie, watashi wa shimasen.
No, I don't!!!
Nado ...
and so on ...
Rikon made desu ...
until the divorce ...
j. Sumimasen. Wakarimasen.Sorry. I don't understand.
Mo ichido, itte kudasai‑masu ka?Try again, please ...!
k. Hip, hip hip ...
Hooray ...
kara ... Thatcher San!!!
for .... Mrs. Thatcher!!
Part C ‑ Word Recognition Routine (4 minutes)
Now look up the glossary and do the following exercise:
1.Search new words, say them many times in the target language, and think them (but do not say) in your own language.
2.Then work through one section of a phrase book to understand everything.
Part D ‑ Repetition (1 minute)
Repeat carefully:
ha‑ji‑me‑ma‑shi‑te
i‑ras‑shai‑ma‑se
do‑i‑ta‑shi‑na‑sh‑te
ku‑ri‑kae‑shi
o‑ja‑ma shi‑ma‑shi‑ta
shit‑su‑rei shi‑masu
i‑ta‑da‑ki‑masu
go‑ku‑ru sa‑ma
yo‑ro‑shik‑u o‑ne‑gai i‑ta‑shi‑masu
sukoshi kudasai
hotondo shimatte imasu!
ii desu, Charlie!
watashi wa, ii desu!!
zenbu, ii desu ka?
Part E ‑ Simple Grammatical Summary (5 minutes)
Try to complete a little more each day ... until at the end of a week it is complete.
SIMPLE GRAMMATICAL SUMMARY
1.Alphabet
A aF fK k P pU u
B b G g ‑ ‑ Q q ‑ ‑
C c H h M r R r W w
D dI i N s S s X x
E e J j O t T t Y/Z y/z
Rough notes:
1."l" uses "r"; "v" uses "b"
2."fu" pronounced "hu"
3."desu pronounced "des".
4."wa/ga" indicate subject
5."wo/o" indicates object
6."ni" indicates location
7."no" indicates possession
8.Many words (I, you, he, some etc.) omitted in practice but included in this program for initial learning
9.An excellent grammar book is available from: R.D. Cortina Co.Inc., publishers, New York, NY 100019, USA.
2.Numbers
1. ichi 6. roku11. ju‑ichi 60. roku‑ju
2. ni 7. shichi 12. ju‑ni 70. shichi‑ju
3. san 8. hachi20. ni‑ju 80. hachi‑ju
4. shi/yon 9. kyu/ku30. san‑ju 90. kyu‑ju
5. go 10. ju 40. shi‑ju 100. h‑yaku
50. go‑ju1,000. sen
lst ‑ ichi-ban
1/4 ‑ shi bun no ichi
2nd ‑ ni‑ban 1/2 ‑ ni bun no ichi
3rd ‑ san‑ban 3/4 ‑ shi bun no san
Note: For persons: 1, 2, 3,4 = hitotsu, futatsu, mittsu, yottsu
One person : hitori
Two persons: futari etc.
3.Nouns
Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abs.
subject object of to from
S teberu t.wa/ga t.ni/o t.no t.ni/e t.kara
(table)
P teberu t.wa/ga t.ni/o t.no t.ni/e t.kara
(tables)
4.Pronouns
Personal Pronouns:
Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abs.
I me myto me from me
Iwatashiwa/gani/o no ni/e kara
you anata
he kare
she kanojo ‑ same ‑
it sore
we watashi‑tachi
you anata‑tachi
they karera
Note for "I": watashi wa (I)
boku‑wa (used by men only) (I)
watakushi‑wa (used by anyone)
Demonstrative Pronouns:
this
kono/kore
that ano/are
a - (use one ‑ ichi or hitots)
the ‑ (use that ‑ sono)
Relative Pronouns:
who (phrase) no hito/ne aru tokorono
which (phrase) no mono/nazenara so rewa
that (phrase) no mono/de aru tokorono
whose donata no/dare no
Interrogative Pronouns:
who? dare?
where? doko? dochira?
how long?dore‑gurai no jikan/dore dare nagaika?
what?nani/nan?
how?doyatte/dore dare?
why?naze?
when? itsu/toki?
which? dorega/dochira ga?
whose? dare no?
4.Pronouns
Indefinite Pronouns:
anybody dare‑ka/dare demo
anything nani‑ka/nan demo
anywhere doko‑ka/doko e
somebody dare‑ka
something nani‑ka
sometimes toki‑doki
nobody dare‑mo no
nothing nani‑mo no
everybody minna/dare mokamo
everything zenbun/nani mokamo
everywhere doko demo
a little sukoshi/chotto no
some ikuraka no
all minna/zembu no/nani mokamo
every mai/subeteno
5. Prepositions/Particles
in ni/no naka ni
behind no ushiro ni
up no ue ni
under no shita ni
less than yori sukunai
on no ue ni
near soba ni/chikaku ni
down no shita ni
more motto/oku/yori ooku
before no mae ni
far toku ni
to e/made/ni
during ni/aida ni
some i kuraka no/aru
or aruiwa/matawa/ka
from kara
a ‑ (use ichi or hitotsuno)
at ni/de
also mo/mata
with no tame ni/to issho ni/no tumi ni
the ‑ (use sono)
6.Conjunctions:
and to/soshite
therefore sore de wa/desu kara
that ano/are/sore/sono/toio
but kerdoma/shikashi/demo
why naze/suru riyu
before mae ni/suru mae ni
although kere‑domo/da keredomo
then sonotoki/sore kara
when itsu/toki/tori ni
because nazerama/dakara
so sate/so/so rede
after kara/ue/no ato ni
where doko/toko/ro ni
also mo
7. Interjections:
oh! A!
really ne/genni
actually jitsu wa/hontoni
8.Adjectives and others
bad warui
good yoi/ii/yoroshii
difficult muzukashii
easy kantan/yasashii
high ue no/takai
useful cho ho na/benrina
cheap yasui
dear takai
clean kirei
dirty kitanai
cold tsumetai/samui
hot atsui
wrong chigau/warui
right tasashii
early hayai
late osoi
hungry onaka ga suite/kufuna
thirsty nodo ga kawaite
young wakai
new atarashii
old furui/toshiyori (age)
clever riko na/kashiko
important juyo na
short mijikai
long nagai
large okii/‑dai
small chiisai
slow osoi
fast hayai
happy shiawase na
9.Adverbs and others:
affirmative:
yes hai
no iie/iya
not ja/nai/‑imasen/dewa/danai
doubt:
perhaps jabun/osoraku
if moshi/nara
now ima
whether ka do ka
time:
before no mae/izen
after no ato
sometimes toki‑doki
always itsumo
never kesshite ga (with negative)
place:
here koko ni
there soko ni/asoko ni
everywhere doko demo/doko kami
nowhere doko demo ga (with negative)/doko nimo
other:
slowly osoku
quickly hayaku
10.Verb ‑ to be
To be:
de‑arima‑su/de‑aru/de‑aru‑ite
desu/deshita (persons)
imasu/imashita (places)
arimasu/dewa arimasen (things and others)
I am/I am not:
watashi‑wa ... desu/imasu
watashi‑wa ... dewa arimasen/imasen
I was/I was not
watashi‑wa ... de‑shita/imashita
watashi‑wa ... de‑wa arimasen deshita/de nakatta/inakatta
I will be/I will not be
watashi‑wa ... desho
watashi‑wa ... de nai desho
Note: the future tense only used when there is "doubt"; otherwise just use the present tense e.g "I go tomorrow".
I want to be/I do not want to be:
watashi wa ... tai desu
watashi wa ... taku nai desu
Let us be/not be:
... mas‑ho
... yame masho
Please be/do not be:
... te kudasai
... nai de kudasai
Note:
it is = ... desu
it is not = ... dewa arimasen
there is = ... ga arimasu
there is not = ... ga arimasen
11.Other Verbs
To have: motte imasu/motte iru/motte itte
I have/I have not:
watashi‑wa ... motte imasu
watashi-wa ... motte imasen
I had/I did not have
watashi‑wa ... motte imashita
watashi‑wa ... motte‑masen deshita
I will have/I will not have
watashi‑wa ... motte iru desho/motte inakatta
watashi‑wa ... motte nai desho
I want to have/ I do not want to have:
watashi wa ... motte ite‑tai desu
watashi wa ... motte itaku nai desu
Let us have/not have:
mochimasho
motsu no o yame masho
Please have/do not have:
te kudasai
... nai de kudasai.
11.Other Verbs
To do: shimasu/suru/shite
I do/I do not do:
watashi‑wa ... sh‑imasu
watashiowa ... sh‑imasen
I did do/I did not do
watashi‑wa ... shi‑mashita
watashi‑wa ... shi‑masen deshita
I will do/I will not do
watashi‑wa ... suru desho
watashi‑wa ... shi nai desho
I want to do/I do not want to do:
watashi wa ... shi‑tai desu
watashi wa ... shi‑taku nai desu
Let us do/not do:
shi‑mas‑ho
shi‑masen‑ho
Please do/do not do:
shi‑te kudasai
shi‑nai kudasai
11.Other Verbs
To go: ikimasu/iku/itte
I go/I do not go:
watashi‑wa ... ikimasu
watashi‑a ... ikimasen
I did go/I did not go
watashi‑wa ... iki‑mashita
watashi‑wa ... iki‑masen deshita
I will go/I will not go
watashi‑wa ... iku desho
watashi‑wa ... ikanai desho
I want to go/I do not want to go:
watashi wa ... iki‑tai desu
watashi wa ... iki‑taku nai desu
Let us go/not go:
iki‑mas‑ho
iki‑masen‑ho
Please go/do not go:
it‑te kudasai
ika nai de kudasai.
11.Other Verbs
To need: ir‑imasu/i‑ru/itte
I need/I do not need:
watashi‑wa ... ir‑imasu
watashi‑wa ... ir‑imasen
I did need/I did not need:
watashi‑wa ... iri‑mashita
watashi‑wa ... iri‑masen deshita
I will need/I will not need:
watashi‑wa ... iru desho
watashi‑wa ... ira nai desho
To eat: tabe‑masu/taberu/tabete
I eat/I do not eat:
watashi‑wa ... tabe‑masu
watashi‑wa ... tabe‑masen
I did eat/I did not eat
watashi‑wa ... tabe‑mashita
watashi‑wa ... tabe‑masen deshita/tabe-nakatta
I will eat/I will not eat
watashi‑wa ... taberu desho
watashi‑wa ... tabe nai desho
I want to eat/I do not want to eat:
watashi wa ... tabe‑tai desu
watashi wa ... tabe‑taku nai desu
Let us eat/not eat:
tabe‑mas‑ho
tabe‑masen‑ho
Please eat/do not eat:
tabe‑te kudasai
tabe‑nai de kudasai.
11.Other Verbs
To call: yobimasu/yobu/yonde
I call/I do not call:
watashi‑wa ... yobi‑masu
watashi‑wa ... yobi‑masen
I did call/I did not call
watashi‑wa ... yobe‑mashita
watashi‑wa ... yobe‑masen deshita
I will call/I will not call
watashi‑wa ... yobu desho
watashi‑wa ... yoba nai desho
I want to call/I do not want to call:
watashi wa ... yobi‑tai desu
watashi wa ... yobi‑taku nai desu
Let us call/not call:
yobe‑mas‑ho
yobe‑masen‑ho
Please go/do not go:
yonde kudasai
yaba nai de kudasai.
11.Other Verbs
To understand/know: wakarimasu/wakaru/wakatte
I understand/I do not understaand:
watashi‑wa ... wakar‑imasu
watashi‑wa ... wakar‑imasen
I did understand/I did not understand:
watashi‑wa ... wakari‑mashita
watashi‑wa ... wakar‑imasen deshita
I will understand/I will not understand:
watashi‑wa ... wakaru desho
watashi‑wa ... wakara nai desho
I want to understand/I do not want to understand:
watashi wa ... wakari tai desu
watashi wa ... wakari taku nai desu
Let us understand/not understand:
wakar‑imasho
wakar‑masen‑ho
Please understand/do not understand:
wakat‑te kudasai
wakara nai de kudasai
11.Other Verbs
To be able/can: dekimasu/dekiru/dekite
I can/I cannot:
watashi‑wa ... dek‑imasu
watashiowa ... dek‑imasen
I could/I could not:
watashi‑wa ... deki‑mashita
watashi‑wa ... dek‑imasen deshita
I will be able/I will not be able
watashi‑wa ... dekiru desho
watashi‑wa ... dekira nai desho
I want to be able/I do not want to be able:
watashi wa ... deki‑tai desu
watashi wa ... deki‑taku nai desu
Note: I like/want things ...
watashi‑wa mono (things) ... ga suki/hoshii desu
watashi‑wa tabemono (food) ... ga suki/hoshii desu
watashi‑wa budoshu (wine) ... ga suki/hoshii desu
12.Word order
I give watashi wa, agemasu
I give it watashi wa, sore o, agemasu
now I give it watashi wa, ima, sore o, agemasu
now I give it to himwatashi wa, ima, sore o, kare ni,
agemasu
Note:
Tebera wa doko ni arimasu ka = table (wa) where (ni) is (ka)?
13.Comparisons
Adjectives:
big okii
bigger yori okii
biggest ichi‑ban okii/mottomo okii
Adverbs:
quick hayaku
quicker yori hayaku
quickest ichi ban hayaku/mottomo hayaku
14.Time
days months times
Getsu‑yobi(M)Ichi‑gatsu(J)yesterdaykino
Ka‑yobiNi‑gatsutoday kyo
Sui‑yobi San‑gatsutomorrow ashita/asu
Moku‑yobi Shi‑gatsu
Kinj‑yobi Go‑gatsu morning asa/gozen
Do‑yobi (Sat)Roku‑gatsu afternoonhiru/gogo
Nichi‑yobi Shichi‑gatsu eveningban/yugata
Hachi‑gatsu night yoru
Ku‑gatsu
Ju‑gatsu
Ju‑ichi‑gatsu
Ju‑ni‑gatsu
Note: Date ‑ 17.7.1999
sen (1000) ku‑yaku (900) ku‑ju‑ku (99) nen (year),
Shichi‑gatsu (July), ju‑shichi (17) nichi (day).
15.Greetings
Welcome! i-ras‑shai‑mase/yokoso!
Welcome home o kaeri nasai
So sorry to bother you shitsurei shimasu/shimashita
No bother o somatsu sama
Thank you for asking o kage sama de
Well done Gokuro‑sama
Hello konnichiwa
How are you? o‑genki desu ka/gokigen ikaga?
I am well, thank you genki desu, domo arigato
Sorry! sumi‑masen/shitsurei shimashita
Excuse me sumi-masen
Oh, it was nothing o‑somatsu sama
OK ii desu
Yes hai
No iie
Please yoroshiku o‑negai shimasu
Thank you arigato gozaimasu/domo
Excuse me shitsurei desu ga
I am sorry sumi‑masen
Waiter? sumimasen, chotto?
How much is that? ikura desu ka?
Where is the toilet? o‑tearai wa doko desu ka?
Where/when/why? doko?/itsu?/naze?
What time is it? ima, nan‑ji desu ka?
Help me please? testudatte kudasai?
What does this mean? kore wa, doyu, imi desu ka?
I do not understand wakar‑imasen
Pleased to meet you dozo yoroshiku
Please speak slowly motto yukkuri hanahete kudasai
See you later dewa mata atode
Great!!! subarashi!!!
Oh! A!!
15.Greetings
Let's go to ... ... e iki masho
I speak a little Japanese watashi wa, sukoshi, Nihongo o,
hanashimasu
Itte/tomatte/matte/haitte please go/stop/wait/come in
Iie, so dewa arimasen that is not correct
Ita‑dakimasu/kampai!! "bon appetit"/cheers!!
Itte mo, ii desu ka? Ok to go?
"berubetto" velvet (as written)
Chotto o‑machi kudasai just a moment please
Cgotto matte just a moment
Hajime‑mashite bye bye ...
Doi‑tashi‑mashite you're welcome
Yare, yare ... Well, well ...
FEEDBACK QUIZ
1. Ohayo goza‑imasu, John!
a. Ohayo goza‑imasu, dozo Jane!
b. Kombanwa, Jane!!
c. Ohayo goza‑imasu, Jane.
d. Yoi asa desu, Jane.
~A4,3
2. Anata‑wa, o genki desu, ka, John?
a. Anata‑wa o genki desu, domo arigato.
b. Watashi‑wa genki desu, domo arigato.
c. John‑wa o genki desu, domo arigato.
d. Watashi‑wa genki desu, Jane, dozo!.
~A4,2
3. Anata‑wa, Sancos san, desu ka?
a. Iie, watashi‑wa Sancos dewa nai arimasen.
b. Hai, watashi‑wa Sancos desu.
c. Iie, Khulu, watashi‑wa koko ni imasu.
d. Hai, Khulu, watashi‑wa koko ni imasu.
~A4,1
4. Anata‑wa, koko ni, imasu ka, John?
a. Iie, John, watashi‑wa koko ni imasen.
b. Hai, John, anata‑wa soko ni imasu.
c. Jane, watashi‑wa, genki desu.
d. Hai, Jane, watashi‑wa koko ni imasu.
~A4,4
5. Karera‑wa, sukoshi budoshu, o motte imasu, ka?
a. Hai, karera‑wa sukoshi budoshu‑o motte imasu.
b. Hai, watashi‑tachi‑wa sukoshi budoshu‑o motte imasu.
c. Hai, karera‑wa tabemono‑o motte imasen.
d. Iie, karera‑wa heya‑o motte imasu, domo arigato.
~A4,1
6. Anata‑wa, nan (how much) doru, motte imasu ka?
a. Anata‑wa san doru motte imasu.
b. Watashi‑tachi‑wa pan o motte imasu.
c. Watashi‑wa san doru hoshii desu.
d. Watashi‑wa go doru motte imasu.
~A4,4
7. Ni tasu go wa:
a. San ta‑su shi.
b. Roku.
c. Hachi.
d. Kyu.
~A4,1
8. Anata‑wa, soko ni, heya ga, arimasu?
a. Iie, watashi‑wa ano heya o motte imasen.
b. IIe, watashi‑wa sono heya o torimasen.
c. Iie. Watashi‑wa budoshu o motte imasu.
d. Hai, watashi‑wa heya o motte imasu.
~A4,4
9. Ano budoshu wa doko desuka?
a. Ano budosho wa warui desu.
b. Budoshu to tabemono wa koko desu.
c. John ga sono tabemono o motte imasu.
d. Kono budoshu wa yoi desu.
~A4,2
10. Kare‑wa, ano warui tabemono, o tabe‑tai (want to eat) desu, ka?
a. Hai, kare‑wa budoshu o nom‑inasu.
b. Hai, kare‑wa ryoko shi‑tai desu.
c. Hai, kare‑wa onaka ga suite (hungry) imasu.
d. Hai, kare‑wa okane o motte imasu.
~A4,3
11. Sono shiroi (white) mono wa, doko desu, ka?
a. Ano kuroi (black) mono wa koko desu.
b. Kuroi mono wa koko ni nai‑desu.
c. Sono shiroi mono wa, teberu no shita (under) desu.
d. Shiro wa nani iro (colour) desu ka?
~A4,3
12. Hon (book) wa, teburu no soba ni (on), arimasu ka?
a. Iie, sore‑wa teberu no shita (under) ni, arimasen.
b. Hai, sore‑wa teberu no ue ni, arimasen.
c. Iie, sore‑wa koko ni, arimasen.
d. Hai, sore‑wa teburu no ue ni, arimasu.
~A4,4
13. Anata‑wa, watashi no ushiro ni, imasu: dakara (so) ...
a. Watashi‑wa anata no ushiro ni imasu.
b. Watashi‑wa anata no chikaku ni imasen.
c. Watashi‑wa anata no mae ni imasu.
d. Watashi‑wa anata no mae ni imasen.
~A4,3
14. Bisuketto o torin‑asai to ...
a. Teberu kara hitotsu tor‑inasai.
b. Watashi ni kudasai
c. Taburu no shita ni okinasai
d. Bisketto o tora‑nai‑de kudasai.
~A4,2
15. Kono hon wa nani iro (colour) desu ka?
a. Sore wa, koko dewa arimasen.
b. Hon no iro wa arimasen.
c. Anata wa hon o motte imasu ka?
d. Sore wa kuroi non (black) desu.
~A4,4
16. Kyo wa Getsu‑yobi desu; ashita wa nan yobi desu ka?
a. Kyo wa Ka‑yobi desu.
b. Ashita wa Nichi‑yobi desu.
c. Kino wa Getsu‑yobi deshita.
d. Ashita wa Ka‑yobi desu
~A4,4
17. San‑gatsu no tsugi wa nan‑gatsu desu ka?
a. Ni‑gatsu desu.
b. San‑gatsu dewa nai desu.
c. Shi‑gatsu desu.
d. Shi‑gatsu no tsugi wa Go‑gatsu desu.
~A4,3
18. Ichi‑nen wa nanka‑gatsu desu ka?
a. Ishuken wa nanoka desu.
b. Ichi nen wa 365 nichi desu.
c. Chrismas made ato ju‑ni nichi desu.
d. Ichi‑nen wa ju‑ni Ka‑getsu desu.
~A4,4
19. Go‑ju doru wa tsukau niwa takusan sugiru okane desu ka?
a. Hai, sukana sugimasu.
b. Iie, kanojo wa takusan tamemasu.
c. Iie, sore wa takusen dewa nai desu.
d. Tameru niwa takusan sugi masu.
~A4,3
20. Budoshu wa ikura desu ka?
a. Budoshu wa yoi desu.
b. Budoshu wa nan demo nai desu.
c. Sore wa go‑doru desu.
d. Karera wa okane o motte imasen.
~A4,3
21. London dewa doko ni ikitai desu ka?
a. Watashi wa Oxford Dori ni iki‑tai desu.
b. Picadilly Circus wa koko kara sugu desu.
c. Watashi wa takushi niwa, kesshite hitori de norimasen.
d. Dozo wa tashi no nimotsu o tasukete kudasai.
~A4,1
22. Doshite tabi o shitai desu ka?
a. Keiban wa watashi o tasukeru noga suki desu.
b. Takushi ga ichiban hayai desu.
c. Densha wa ichi‑ji ni kimasu.
d. Dozo watashi no nimotsu o tasukete kudasai.
~A4,2
23. Kyo anata wa densha de ikimasu ka?
a. Hai, watashi wa kuLo made arukimasu.
b. Iie, watashi wa sono genge o hanashimasen.
c. Hai, watashi wa unten‑suru noga suki desu.
d. Iie, kyo watlashi wa tabi o shitaku arimasen.
~A4,4
24. Anata wa Eigo o jozu ni hanashimasu ka?
a. Hai, watashi wa Eigo o jazu hanashimasu.
b. Iie, watashi wa Eigo ga wakarimasen.
c. Hai, watashi wa Eigo o shitte imasu.
d. Hai, watashi wa London ga suki desu.
~A4,1
25. Kanojo wa waiter no tame no tippu o fukunde imasu ka?
a. Hai, tabemono to budoshu wa kanjo ni fukumarete imasu.
b. Service wa itsumo fukumarete imasu.
c. Iie, restaurant wa shimatte imasu.
d. Waiter wa tippu ga hoshii desu.
~A4,2
26. Yoshoku ni nani ga hoshii desu ka?
a. Watashi wa oyatsu ni soup ga hoshii desu.
b. Yushoku ni ice cream watashi o futorase masu.
c. Watashi‑tachi wa soup to niku to yasai o tabemasu.
d. Kare wa kesshite ka‑yabi niwa chushoku wa tabemasen.
~A4,3
27. Hiru ni wa dono shokuji o tabemasu ka?
a. Watashi wa ju‑ni‑ji ni budoshu o nomimasu.
b. Yushoku no ato de watashi wa chushoku o tabemasu.
c. Chushoku o tabemasu.
d. Kare wa kesshitc choshoku o tabemasen.
~A4,3
28. Anata wa dono‑yonishite ice cream o tabemasu ka?
a. Watashi wa naifu to fork to spoon de tabemasu.
b. Kare wa spoon o tsukai masu.
c. Yubi niwa sore wa tsumetai desu
d. Naifu to fark wa yoku nai desu.
~A4,4
29. Choshoku niwa anata wa nani nomimasu ka?
a. Watashi wa budoshu ka ocha ka coffee o nomimasu.
b. Watashi wa kesshite choshoku o tabemasen.
c. Kare va ocha o nomimasu.
d. Karera wa coffee o nomimasu.
~A4,1
30. Anata wa nani o nomimasu ka?
a. Sato o sukoshi, dozo.
b. Watashi wa coffee ni sato o ireru noge suki desu.
c. Karera wa coffee o nimi masu.
d. Watashi wa akai budoshu ga hoshi desu, dozo.
~A4,4
31. Anata wa businessman desu ka?
a. Hai, watashi wa shiawase desu.
b. Iie, watashi wa kei‑yaku o anata niwa urimasen.
c. Hai, watashi wa shohin o uri‑kai shimasu.
d. Watashi wa kyo wa hataraki masen.
~A4,3
32. Anata ga kaisha o tsukuru toki anata wa kabu kara
okane o emasuka?
a. Kaisha wa itsumo rieki o tsukuri masu.
b. Seerusu hiku kosuto wa rieki desu.
c. Kabu wa itsumo yasui desu.
d. Kaisha ga kabu o urimasu.
~A4,4
33. Business de va watashi‑tachi wa shojiki desu.
a. Rieki o tsukuru toki.
b. Keikan ga chikaku ni inai toki.
c. Hotondo no toki.
d. Watashi‑tachi wa yoku hatatak‑imasu.
~A4,3
34. Keiyaku wa ... de musubu koto ga dekimasu.
a. Tegami dake de.
b. Denwa dake de
c. Kaku tori ni yori nomi.
d. Takusan no hoho.
~A4,4
35. Kongetsu anata no keijo‑hi wa takai desu ka?
a. Hai, shisan wa hikui desu.
b. IIe, kosuto wa yoi desu.
c. Seerusu to keijo hi wa hikui desu.
d. Hai, rieki ga zenzen arimasen.
~A4,4
36. Kazoku niwa nan‑ninimasuka?
a. Chichi wa amari takusan isugi to omoi masu.
b. Haha wa motto takusan hashii desu.
c. Kodomo wa karera no shinseki o kazoe masu.
d. Yo‑nin kodomo ga ireba roku‑nin desu.
~A4,4
37. Kazoku no member wa dare desu ka?
a. Kyodai to shimai desu.
b. Kodomo to karera no ryoshin desu.
c. Haha to chichi to musuko to musume desu.
d. Kodomo to ryoshin to so‑fubo desu.
~A4,3
38. Kazoku wa nani o shimasu ka?
a. Karera wa daitai minna aishite, kirartte
kenka‑o‑shimasu.
b. Ryoshin wa tokidoki kenka‑o‑shimasu.
c. Ryoshin wa kodomo o aishite‑iamsu.
d. Kyodai wa itsumo kenka‑o‑shimasu.
~A4,1
39. Kodomo wa kekkon no ato de kimasu ka, mae ni kimasu ka?
a. Komoddon?o wa kesshite kekkon~ no mae niwa kimasen.
b. Kodomo wa itsumo kekkon no ato ni kimasu.
c. Futsu, kodomo wa kekkon no ato ni kimasu.
d. Tokidoki kodomo wa kekkon no ato ni kimasu.
~A4,3
40. Ame ga furu toki ...
a. Sora niwa kumo ga arimasen.
b. Taiyo ga tette ima su.
c. Kiri ga koi desu.
d. Takusan no kumo ga arimasu.
~A4,4
41. Anata wa ashita soko ni iru desho ka?
a. Iie, karera wa soko ni imasen deshita
b. Kyo, kare wa soko ni iru desho.
c. Iie, watashi wa inai desho.
d. Watashi wa ike‑masen.
~A4,3
42. Anata wa budoshu o no mimashita ka?
a. Iie, watashi wa budoshu o nomi masen deshita.
b lie, watashi wa budoshu o nomi masen.
c. Hai, karera wa sore o nomu desho.
d. Kya wa budoshu wa irimasen.
A4,1
43. Anata wa okane ga hoshii katta no desu ka?
a. Hai, ima hoshii desu.
b. Hai, karera wa sore ga hoshiku nai desu
c. Watashi‑tachi wa sore o motte imasu.
d. Mo sugu hoshii desho.
~A4,4
44. Karera wa soko ni imashita ka?
a. Karera wa soko ni iru desho.
b. Kare wa soko ni imashita.
c. Karera wa soko ni imashita.
d. Watashi wa shirimasen.
~A4,3
45. Kanojo wa sore ga dekimasu ka?
a. Iie, kanojo wa sore ga dekimasen.
b. Iie, kare wa sore ga dekimasen.
c. Iie, Kanojo wa sore o shimasen.
d. Iie, kare wa shinai desho.
~A4,1
46. Meirei o suru otoko no hito wa itsumo yoi manager desu ka?
a. Yoi managcr wa sore dake o shimasu.
b. Yoi manager wa meirei o suru yori motto shimasu.
c. Business dewa shageshiku hatarakaneba narimasen.
d. Onna no hito wa yoi nanager ni narimasu.
~A4,2
47. Anata na kuchi dake no hito desuka, ka sudoka desu ka?
a. Watashi‑tachi wa iya na hito soto ni deseneba narimasen
b. Yol manager wa itsumo umaku hanasaneba narimasen.
c. Watashi wa monogote o owaseru noga suki desu.
d. Business wa geemu desu.
~A4,3
48. Watashi tatta nama meetng ga suki desu; nazenara ‑
a. Manager wa suwarn nari kara desu.
b. Katsudoka wa motto suru kara desu.
c. Kuchi‑dake‑no hito wa katsudoka ni naranakereba
naranai kara desu.
d. Business wa geemu da kara desu.
~A4,3
49. Business dewa hayaku koshikoi dake le jubun desu ka?
a. Hai, business wa saikoro wa geemu desu.
b. Iie, anata wa yoku hatarakeneba narimasen.
c. Onna no hito wa otoko yori mo yoku hatarak‑imasu.
d. Watashi wa okane wa subarashii to amo‑imasu
~A4,2
50. Anata‑gata wa shigoto ni kanshite shiawase desu ka?
a. Watashi‑tachi wa shigoto ni manzoku shite imasu
b. Watashi wa yoru niwa ie ni kaer‑iamsen.
c. Iie, business wa umaku itte imasu.
d. Manager wa amarini toshitotto imasu.
~A4,3
GLOSSARY
ENGLISH/FRENCH/JAPANESE/GERMAN
(rough spelling and gender, with few accents)
aun/une- (use are)in/eine
aboutenvirongoro/yakuungefähr
accidentaccident,l'jikoUnfall
actionaction,lakatsudoHandlung
actuallyen faitjitchi hentonieigentlich
afteraprèskara/no ato denach
afternoonaprès‑midi,l'gogoNachmittag
airportaeroport,l'kukoFlughafen
aloneseulhitori deallein#
alsoaussimoauch
alwaystoujoursitsumoimmer
am (I)suis (je)wat. wa desubin (ich)
andetsoshite/to/shiund
anniversary anniversaire l' kinembiJahrestag
anybodyn`importe quihiyo/darekairgend‑jemand
anythingn`importe quoinani kairgend‑etwas
AprilAvrilShi‑gatsuApril
are(you)êtes (vous)anata wa desusind
arrivearrivertsukimasuankommen
atàni/dean
AugustAoutHachi‑gatsuAugust
badmauvaiswaruischlecht
bankbanque,laginkoBank
barbarbaBar
bathbain,lefuro/basuBad
beatbattrenagurimasuschlagen
beautifulbeau/bellekirei naschön
becauseparce quekara/no deweil
bedlit,lebeddoBett
begincommencerhajimarimasuanfangen
behindderrièreushiro dehinter
besideà côté deno/soba deneben
bettermeilleurmotto iibesser
billfacture,lakanjoRechnung
biggrandokiigross
biscuitbiscuit,lebisukettoKeks
blacknoirkuroschwarz
booklivre,lehonBuch
boygarcon,leotoko no koJunge
breadpain,lepanBrot
breakfastpetit dej. lechoshokuFruhstück
brotherfrère,lekyodaiBruder,
busautobus,lebasuBus
businessaffaires,lesshigotoGeschäft
buyacheterkaimasukaufen
can (able)pouvoirdekimasukonnen
carauto,l'kurumaAuto
carefullyprudentteinei navorsichtig
carryportermotte ikimasutragen
cashargent,legenkinBargeld
chairchaise,laisuStuhl
cheapbon marchéyasuibillig
childrenenfantsko/kodomoKinder
choosechoisirerabimasuwahlen
cigarettecigarette,latabakoZigarette
cleanproprekirei nasauber
cleverintelligentriko naklug
cloudsnuages,leskumoWolken, die
coffeecafe,lekohiiKaffee
coldfroidsamuikalt
colourcouleur,lairoFarbe
comevenirkimasukommen
complainplaindrekoboshimasuklagen
contractcontrat,lekeiyakuVertrag
cookcuireryori shimasukochen
costcoût,lehiyo/kosutoKosten
countconterkazoemasuzählen
creditorscréditeurs,lescreditorsGläubiger
cuptasse,lakoppuTasse
customerclient,lekyakuKunde
customsdouane,lazeikanZoll
daughterfille,lamusumeTochter
dayjour,lehi/nichiTag
dearchertakateuer
debtorsdébiteurs,lesshakkinSchuldner
DecemberDécembreJuni‑gatsuDezember
dinnerdîner,leyuskokuAbendessen
dirtysalefuketsuschmutzig
divided bydivisé partiabetso sh.dividiert durch
dofaireshimasutun
doctormédecin,leishaArzt
doersactifs,lesdoersTäter
drinkboirenomimasutrinken
driveconduireunten shimasufahren
drysecdoraitrocken
earlyde bonne heurehayaifruh
easyfacileyasashiileicht
eatmangertabemasuessen
eighthuithachiacht
eightyquatre vingthachi‑juachtzig
eitheroude moentweder
elevenonzeju‑ichielf
EnglishAnglaisEigoEnglisch
enjoys`amusertanoshimasusich freuen
enoughassez(de)jubun nagenug
etc.et ceteranadousw
eveningsoir,lebanAbend
everychaquemai/‑goto/donojeder
fall offtombertaoremasufallen
familyfamille,lakazokuFamilie
fatherpère,lechichi/otosanVater
father/lawbeau‑père,legifuSchwiegervater
fatgrosshibobunfett
FebuaryFévrierNi‑gatsuFebruar
fiftycinquantego‑jufünfzig
fightcombattretatakaimasukämpfen
financefinancerkinyufinanzieren
findtrouvermitsukemasufinden
finebeauiischön (Wetter)
fingersdoigts,lesyubiFinger
finishfinirshimaimasubeenden
fishpoisson,lesakanaFisch
fivecinqgofünf
fogbrouillard,lekiriNebel
foodnourriture,latabemonoEssen
foolsfous,lesbakaVerrückten
forpourno tame nifür
forkfourchette,laforkuGabel
fourquatreshi/yo/yonvier
fortyquaranteshi‑juvierzig
FridayVendredi,leKin‑yobiFreitag
friendlysympathiquetomodachifreundlich
friendsamis,lestomodachiFreunde
future(adj) futurshraizukünftig
gamejeu,legemuSpiel
generallygénéralementzentai niallgemein
getobtenirmoraimasubekommen
girljeune fille,laonna no koMädchen
givedonneragemasugeben
glassverre,lekoppuGlas
goallerikimasugehen
goodbonii/yoi/yoro.gut
good‑byeau revoirsayonaraauf Wiedersen
good even.bonsoirkombanwaguten Abend
good morn.bonjourohayo goza‑im. guten Morgen
good nightbonne nuitoyasumi nasaigute Nacht
greedygourmandkuishimbogierig
halfmoitiéhambunhalb
happyheureuxshiawaseglücklich
hatedêtesterga iya desuhassen
haveavoir (j'ai)motte arimasuhaben
heilkareer
hellosalutkonnichiwa/mo.hallo
helpaidertedsudaimasuhelfen
helpfulutiletetsudhaibehilflich
her (acc.)la/luikanojoihr
hereicikoko/kochirahier
herselfelle‑mêmejibunsie selbst
himle/luikareihn/ihm
himselflui‑mêmejibuner selbst
hissonkare nosein
honesthonnêtshojikiehrlich
hopeespèrernozomimasuhoffen
hospitalhopital,lebyoinKrankenhaus
hotchaudatsuiheiss
hotelhotel,lehoteruHotel
how are y.? comment a.‑v.?genki desu ka? wie geht e.I.?
how many?combien de?ikutsu/nan?wieviel?
howevercependantkeredomojedoch
hundredcenthyakuhundert
hungryavoir faimonaka ga suite hungrig
husbandmari,leshujinEhemann
Ijewatashi/w.‑k.ich
I am wellje vais bienw.w.genki desumir geht es gut
ice‑creamglace,laaisukurimuEis
ifsimoshi/narawenn
importantimportantjuyo nawichtig
impossibleimpossibledekinaiunmöglich
in front of devantmae nivor
intelligent intelligentwakari ga iiklug
inventoryinventaire, l'mokurokuInventor
is (he)est (il)desu/imasu/ar.ist (er)
itcelasorees (er)
itselfcela‑mêmesore jishines selbst
JanuaryJanvierIchi‑gatsuJanuar
journeyvoyage,leryokoReise
JulyJuilletShichi‑gatsuJuli
JuneJuinRoku‑gatsuJuni
knifecoûteau,lenaifuMesser
knowsavoir/conn.shiru/wakaruwissen
labourmain d`oeuvrerodoArbeit
languagelangue,lakotoba/goSprache
latetardosoispät
laterplus tardato despäterer
learnapprendrenaraimasulernen
lessmoins deyori sukunaiminus/weniger
letterlettre,lategamiBrief
lifevie,lainochiLeben
like (verb) aimerga suki desugern haben
listenécoûterkikimasuzuhören
littlepeuchiisai/sukos.wenig
longlongnagailang
long runfinalementmotto nagakuauf die Dauer
lookregardermimasuschauen
look forcherchersagashimasusuchen
lossperte,lasongaiVerlust
lot,lotsbeaucoup detakusan noviel
loveaimer bienaishimasulieben
lowbashikuitief
lucky (be)avoir/chancetsuite imasuGlück (haben)
luggagebagages,leste-nimotsuGepack
lunchdéjeuner,lechushokuMittagessen
make/dofairetskurimasumachen
manhomme,l'otoko/danseiMann
managerdirecteur,leshihaininManager
manybeaucoup (de)takusan noviele
mapplan,lechizuLandkarte
MarchMarsSan‑gatsuMärz
marriagemarriage,lekekkonHeirat
marryse marierkekkon shimasuheiraten
materialsmateriaux,leszairyoMaterialien
MayMaigo‑gatsuMai
memewatashimich
mealrepas,leshokujiEssen
meatviande,lanikuFleisch
meetrencontrerni aimasukennen lernen
meetingréunion,lakaiVersammlung
mind (not)égal (etre)kamaimasenégal (mir)
minuteminute,lafun/punMinute
MissMademoiselleSanFräulein
mistakeerreur,lamachigaiFehler
MondayLundi,leGetsu‑yobiMontag
moneyargent,laokaneGeld
monthmoins,letsuki/gatsuMonat
moreplusmotto/momehr
morningmatin,leasa/gozenMorgen
mothermère,lahaha/okasanMutter
mother‑i.l.belle‑mèregiboSchweigermutter
MrMonsieurSanHerr
MrsMadameSanFrau
multipl.bymultiplier parsan ni go..omultipliz.mit
mustdevoirna kereba nar.müssen
mymonwata(ku)shi nomein
myselfmoi‑mêmejibunich selbst
nearprès dechikainahe
neverjamaiskesshite (neg)niemals
never mindn'importekamaimasennichts (macht)
newneufatarashiineu
niceagréablemei/iinett
nineneufku/kyuneun
nightnuit,laban/yoruNacht
ninetyquatre‑v.‑dixku‑juneunzig
nononiienein
nobodypersonnedare no (neg)niemand
noisebruit,leotoKrach
notne...pasdewa/ja/nainicht
nothingriennani mo nainichts
NovemberNovembreJuichi‑gatsuNovember
nowmaintenantima/ima karajetz
o`clockheures (7.00)ji (7.00)Uhr (7.00)
OctoberOctobreJu‑gatsuOktober
of coursenaturellementmochironnatürlich
Oh!Oh!A!Ach!
oldvieuxfuruialt
onsurno ue/de/e/niauf
oneunichi/hitotsueins
orouaruiwa/kaoder
ordersordres,lestsuideBestellungen
ournotrewat.‑tachi nounser
ourselvesnous‑mêmejibunwir selbst
outdehorssoto/eaus
overheadsfrais gen.leshiyoLaufenden U.
owner`s eq.capital,leowners equityAnlagekapital
parentsparents,lesoyaEltern
passportpasseport,lepasupotoPass
peoplegenshitobitoMenschen
placeendroit,lebasho/tokoroPlatz
planeavion,lehikokiFlugzeug
plateassiette,lasaraTeller
pleases`il v. plaîto negai shim.bitte
policepolice,lakeisatsuPolizei
politepoliteinei nahoflich
porterporteur,lepotaTräger
possiblepossibledekimasumöglich
presentprèsentgenzaigegenwärtig
prettyjolikirei nahubsch
productsproduits,lessambutsuProdukte
profitprofit,leriekitGewinn
putmettreokimasulegen
quarterquartier,leyonbun no ichiViertel
quicklyvitehayakuschnell
rainpluie,laame ga furuRegen
readlireywomimasulesen
reallyvraimentgenniwirklich
redrougeakarot
relaxse relaxerasobimasuentspannen
rememberrappelleromoi dashimasuerinnern
restaurantrestaurant,leresutoranRestaurant
rightraison (avoir)tadashirichtig
roadrue,lamichi/toriStrasse
roomchambre,laheyaZimmer
salesventes, leshanbaiVerkäufe
SaturdaySamedi,leDo‑yobiSamstag
savesauversetsuyaka sh.sparen
saydireiimasu/hanash.sagen
seevoirmimasusehen
sellvendreurimasuverkaufen
SeptemberSeptembreKu‑gatsuSeptember
serveservirdashimasubedienen
serviceservicesabisuryoDienst
sevensept,leshichisieben
seventysoixante‑dixnana‑jusiebzig
sheellekanojosie
shortcourtmijikaikurz
shoulddevoirhazu/‑bekisollen
sickmaladebyoki dekrank
SirMonsieurSanMein Herr
sistersoeur,lashimaiSchwester
sits'asseoirkakemasusitzen
sit downêtre assiskakemasusich setzen
sixsixrokusechs
sixtysoixanteroku‑jusechzig
skyciel,lesoraHimmel
sleepdormirnemurimasuschlafen
smallpetitchiisaiklein
smokefumertabak nomimasurauchen
snacksnack,lekeishokuImbiss
somequelquessukoshietwas
somebodyquelqu'undare kajemand
somethingquelque‑chosenani kaetwas
sometimesquelque‑foistokidokimanchmal
sonfils,lemusukoSohn
sorrydommagesumimasenVerzeihung
souppotage,lesuppuSuppe
speakparlerhanashimasusprechen
spenddépensertsukaimasuausgeben
spooncuillère,lasaji/supunLöffel
stand upse levertatsemasuaufstehen
stationgare,laekiBanhhof
stayrestertazai shimasubleiben
stoolbanc,lebenStuhl
sugarsucre,lesatoZucker
summerété,lenatsuSommer
sunsoleil,letaiyoSonne
SundayDimanche,leNichi‑yobiSonntag
sweet(pud.) dessert,leo-kashiNachfisch
tabletable,lataberu/tsukueTisch
takeprendretorimasunehmen
talkparlerhanashimasusprechen
talkersbavards,lestalkersSchwatzer
taxitaxi,letakushiTaxi
teathe,lecha/o‑chaTee
téléphonetéléphone,ledenwaTelefon
tensetemps,letenseZeitform
tendixju/tozehn
terribleterriblemono sugoischrecklich
thank youmerciarigato/gozai.danke
thatla/cela/queano/are/sonojener/jene/jenes
thele/laano.honder/die/das
theirleurkarera noihr
themeuxkarerasie
themselveseux‑mêmesjibunsie selbst
therelàsoko/sochiradort/da
theyilskarerasie
thisce/cetkono/koredieser
thinminceusuidunn
thingchose,lamono/kotoDing
thirstyavoir soifnodo ga kawaitedurstig
thirtytrentesan‑judreisig
thousandmillesentausend
threetroissandrei
three‑qtr.trois‑quartsshi bun no sandrei‑viertel
ThursdayJeudiMoku‑yobaDonnerstag
ticketbillet,lekippuKarte
timeheure,laji/toki/doZeit.die
tippourboire,lechippuTinkgeld
tiredfatiguétsukarerumüde
toàe/ni/madenach
todayaujourd'huikyo/konnichiheute
tomorrowdemainasu/asamorgen
too muchtropamarimasuzu viel
traintrain,ledensha/kishaZug
travelvoyagerryoko shimasureisen
TuesdayMardiKya‑yobiDonnerst.
twelvedouzejunizwölf
twentyvingtni‑juzwanzig
twodeuxni/futatsuzwei
undersousno shita niunter
upen hautueoben
usnouswatashi‑tachiuns
vegetableslégumes,lesyasaiGemüse
waitattendrematsuwarten
waitergarcon,lekyujiKellner
walkmarcherarukimasuspazieren
wantvouloirga hoshii/‑taiwollen
waste(n)gaspillage,lekuzuAbfall
wenouswatashi‑tashiwir
weathertemps,letenkiWetter
WednesdayMercrediSui‑yobiMittwoch
weeksemaine,lashu/shukanWoche
wetpluvieuxnuretanass
what?quel/quoi?nani/na/dono?was?
what time?quelle heure?nan‑ji?wie spät.ist es?
when?quand?itsu?wann?
whereoù?doko/dochira?wo?
whiteblancshiroweiss
who?qui?dare/donata?wer?
wifefemme,lakanai/okuosanEhefrau
wingagnerni kachimasugewinnen
winevin,lebudoshuWein
winterhiver,lefuyuWinter
womanfemme,laonna/fujinFrau
worktravail,lehatakaruarbeiten
worsepiremotto waruischlechter
worst,thele pireichiban waruischlechteste
writeécrirekakimasuschreiben
wrongavoir tortmachigaifalsch
yearannée,latoshi/nenJahr
yesouihai/eja
yes butoui maishai demoja aber
yesterdayhierkinogestern
you (nom.)vousanata waSie
you (acc.)vousanata waSie
youngjeunewakaijung
yourvotreanata noIhr
yourselfvous‑mêmejibunSie selbst
yourselvesvous‑mêmesjibunSie selbst
zerozerozeronull
SPEED TEST (16 minutes)
Introductions - A
1. Watashi. Watashi wa, desu (I am).
Watashi wa, John desu.
Watashi wa, John ...
Watashi wa, John desu
... wa, John desu.
Watashi wa, John desu
Watashi wa, ... desu.
Watashi wa John desu
2. Anata. Anata wa, desu (you are).
Anata wa, Jane desu.
... wa, Jane desu.
Anata wa, Jane desu.
Anata ..., Jane desu.
Anata wa, Jane desu.
Anata wa, ... desu.
Anata wa, Jane desu.
3. Watashi wa, John desu, to (and), anata wa, Jane desu.
Watashi wa, John desu, ..., anata wa, Jane desu.
Watashi w,a John desu, to, anata wa, Jane desu.
Watashi to (and) anata = watashi‑tachi (we)
Anata to watashi = ...
Anata to watashi = watashi‑tachi
... (I) wa, John desu, to, anata (you) wa, Jane desu.
Watashi wa, John desu, to, anata wa, Jane desu.
Watashi‑tachi (we) wa, John ... Jane, desu.
Watashi‑tachi wa, John to Jane, desu.
... (we) wa, John to Jane, desu.
Watashi‑tachi wa, John to Jane, desu.
4. Watashi wa, John desu.
Watashi wa, John desu, ka (question)?
Hai (yes), watashi wa, ... desu.
Hai, watashi wa, John desu.
..., watashi wa, John desu.
Hai, watashi wa, John desu.
5. Watashi wa, John desu.
Watashi wa, Jane desu, ka?
Iie (no), watashi wa, dewa ... arimasen (am not).
Iie, watashi wa, Jane dewa ariimasen.
..., watashi wa, Jane dewa arimasen.
Iie (no), watashi wa, Jane dewa arimasen.
Iie, watashi wa, Jane ... arimasen
Iie (no), watashi wa, Jane dewa arimasen.
6. Anata wa, Jane desu. Hai!!
Anata wa, Jane ..., ka?
Anata wa, Jane desu, ka?
... (yes), anata wa, Jane desu.
Hai, atana wa, Jane desu.
Hai, anata wa, Jane ...
Hai, anata wa, Jane desu.
7. Anata wa, Jane desu.
Anata wa, John desu, ka?
Iie. Anata wa, John dewa arimas‑...
Iie. Anata wa, John dewa arimasen.
Iie. Anata wa, John ja (ja=dewa) ... (is not)
Iie. Anata wa, John ja arimasen.
8. ... (I) wa, John desu, to, anata wa, Jane desu.
Watashi wa, John desu, to, anata wa, Jane desu.
Watashi‑tachi (we) wa, John to Jane, desu, ka?
Hai, watashi‑tachi wa, John ... Jane, desu.
Watashi‑tachi wa, John to Jane, desu.
9. Kare. Kare wa, desu (he is).
Kare wa, John desu.
Kare wa, John ...
Kare wa, John desu.
... wa, John desu.
Kare wa, John desu.
Kare wa, ... desu.
Kare wa, John desu.
10. Kanojo. Kanojo wa, desu (she is).
Kanojo wa, Jane desu.
... wa, Jane desu.
Kanojo wa, Jane desu.
Kanojo wa, Jane ....
Kanojo wa, Jane desu.
Kanojo ..., Jane desu.
Kanojo wa, Jane desu.
11. Kare wa, John desu.
Kare wa, John desu, ka?
Hai, ... wa, John desu.
Hai, kare wa, John desu.
..., kare wa, John desu.
Hai, kare wa, John desu.
12. Kanojo wa, Jane desu.
Kanojo wa, Jane desu, ka?
Hai, ... wa, Jane desu.
Hai, kanojo wa, Jane desu.
..., kanojo wa, Jane desu.
Hai, kanojo wa, Jane desu.
13. Kare wa, John desu, to, kanojo wa, Jane desu.
Kare wa, Jane desu, ka?
Iie, kare wa, Jane ja ... (not).
Iie, kare wa, Jane ja arimasen.
... wa, John desu
Kare wa, John desu.
Kanojo wa, John desu, ka?
Iie, kanojo wa, John, ... (not) arimasen.
Iie, kanojo wa, John, dewa (ja) arimasen.
... (she) wa, Jane desu.
Kanojo wa, Jane desu.
14. Kare wa, John desu, to, kanojo wa, Jane desu.
Karera (they) wa, John ... Jane desu.
Karera wa, John to Jane desu.
Kare to kanojo = Karera
Kanojo to kare = ...
Kanojo to kare = Karera
... (they) wa, John ... Jane, desu.
Karera (they) wa, John ... Jane, desu.
15. Kare wa, John desu, to, anata (you) wa, Jane desu.
Anata‑gata (you plural) wa, John ... Jane, desu.
Anata‑gata wa, John to Jane, desu.
kare to anata = anata‑gata
anata to kare = ...
anata to kare = anata‑gata
... wa, John to Jane, desu.
Anata‑gata wa, John to Jane, desu.
16. Sore wa (it is).
Sore wa, koko ni, arimasu (it is here).
... wa, koko ni, arimasu.
Sore wa, koko ni, arimasu.
Sore wa, koko ni, ...
Sore wa, koko ni, arimasu.
Sore wa, ... ni, arimasu.
Sore wa, koko ni, arimasu.
Sore wa, koko ni, arimasu ka?
Hai. Sore wa, koko ni, ...
Hai. Sore wa, koko ni, arimasu
17. Sore wa, koko ni (here), arimasen (not here).
Sore wa, soko ni (there), arimasu.
Sore wa, doko ni (where), arimasu, ka?
Iie, sore wa, koko ni, ja ... (not)!
Sore wa, soko ni, arimasu.
IIe, sore wa, koko ni, ja arimasen.
Sore wa, soko ni, arimasu.
Sore wa, soko ni, arimasu, ka?
Hai, sore wa, ... ni, arimasu.
Hai, sore wa, soko ni, arimasu.
18. John to Jane wa, koko ni, ja imasen.
John to Jane wa, soko ni, imasu ka?
Iie, John to Jane wa, soko ni, ... imasen.
Iie, John to Jane wa, soko ni, ja imasen.
Iie, ... (they) wa, soko ni, ja imasen.
Iie, karera wa, soko ni, ja imasen.
19. John to Jane wa, koko ni, imasu ka?
Iie, karera wa, koko ni, ja ...
Iie, karera wa, koko ni, ja imasen.
Karera wa, soko ni, ...
Karera wa, soko ni, imasu.
Karera wa, ... ni, imasu.
Karera wa, soko ni, imasu.
20. Sore (it) wa, soko ni, arimasu, ka?
Iie, ... wa, soko (there) ni, arimasen.
Iie, sore wa, koko (here) ni, arimasen.
... (it) wa, soko ni, arimasu.
Sore wa, soko ni, arimasu.
Sore wa, soko ni, arimasu ka?
Hai, sore wa, ... (there) ni, arimasu.
Hai, sore wa, soko ni, arimasu.
... (you) wa, koko ni, imasu.
Anata wa, koko ni, imasu.
Hai! Ii desu (that is good) !
Hai!! ... desu (that is good) !!
Hai!!! Ii desu!!!
Introductions - B
1. Konnichi‑wa (hello), John.
..., Jane.
Konnichi‑wa, Jane.
2. Konnichi‑wa. Anata wa, o genki desu, ka (how are you)?
Watachi wa, genki desu (I am well), domo arigato (thank you).
Konnichi‑wa, Jane. Anata wa, o ... desu, ka?
Konnichi‑wa, Jane. Anata wa, o genki desu, ka?
Watachi wa, genki desu, domo ...
Watachi wa, genki desu, domo arigato.
3. Konnichi‑wa, John.
..., Jane.
Konnichi‑wa, Jane.
Anata wa, o genki desu, ka?
Watachi wa, ... desu, domo arigato.
Watachi wa, genki desu, domo arigato.
... (you) wa, o genki desu, ka?
Anata wa, o genki desu, ka?
Watachi wa, genki ..., domo arigato.
Watachi wa, genki desu, domo arigato.
Anata wa, ... genki desu, ka?
Anata wa, o genki desu, ka?
... wa, genki desu, domo arigato.
Watachi, wa genki desu, domo arigato.
4. Ohayo goza‑imasu (good morning), Jane.
... ..., John.
Ohayo goza‑imasu, John.
Anata wa, o ... desu, ka?
Anata wa, o genki desu, ka?
Watachi wa, genki desu, ... arigato.
Watachi wa, genki desu, domo arigato.
5. Komban‑wa (good evening), John.
... ..., Jane.
Komban‑wa, Jane
Anata wa, o genki ..., ka?
Anata wa, o genki desu, ka?
Watachi wa, ... desu, domo arigato.
Watachi wa, genki desu, domo arigato.
6. John? John? Anata wa, ... genki desu, ka?
John? John? Anata wa, o genki desu, ka?
Genki ..., ka? (short form)
Genki desu ka?
Iie Jane. Iie, watashi wa, ..., dewa arimasen (not good).
Iie Jane. Iie, watashi wa, genki, dewa arimasen.
A? Genki ... arimasen (not good), ka?
Aa? Genki dewa arimasen, ka?
Iie, watashi wa, ..., dewa arimasen.
Iie, watashi wa, genki, dewa arimasen.
7. Jane wa, o genki desu, ka?
Anata wa, o genki ..., ka?
Anata wa, o genki desu, ka?
..., Jane wa, genki desu.
Hai, Jane wa, genki desu.
John, genki desu, ka? (short form)
Iie, John wa, genki dewa ... (not good).
Iie, John wa, genki dewa arimasen.
8. Konnichi‑wa, John to Jane.
... ‑gata wa, o genki desu, ka?
Konnichi‑wa, John to Jane.
Anata‑gata wa, o genki desu, ka?
Watashi‑tachi (we) wa, ... desu, domo arigato.
Watashi‑tachi wa, ... desu, domo arigato.
A? John wa, o genki desu, ka?
Hai! John wa, genki desu.
Hai! John wa, genki desu.
Soshite (and), Jane wa, o genki desu, ... (question)?
Soshite (and), Jane wa, o genki desu, ka?
Hai, ... (we) wa, genki desu.
Hai, watashi‑tachi wa, genki desu.
9. John wa, otoko no hito (man ‑ male person), desu.
John wa, ... no hito, desu ka?
Hai, John wa otoko no hito, desu.
Kare (he) wa, John ... (Mr) desu.
Kare wa, John San.
John wa, otoko no ..., desu, to, kare wa, John ... desu
John wa otoko no hito, desu, to, kare wa, John San desu.
10. Jane wa, otoko no hito, desu, ka?
Iie, Jane wa, otoko no hito, dewa arimasen (not).
... (she) wa, onna no hito (woman ‑ female person), desu.
Kanojo wa, onna no hito, desu.
Jane wa, ... ... ..., desu.
Jane wa, onna no hito, desu.
11. Jane‑San (Mrs.) wa, onna no hito, desu
Jane‑..., wa onna no hito, desu.
Jane‑San (Mrs.) wa, onna no hito desu.
Jane‑San wa, otoko no hito, dewa arimasen.
Jane‑... wa, onna no hito, desu.
Jane‑San wa, onna no hito, desu.
Jane‑San (Miss) wa, otoko no hito (man), dewa arimasen (is not).
Jane‑... wa, onna no hito (woman), desu.
Jane‑San wa, onna no hito, desu.
John‑San wa, ... no hito, desu.
John‑San wa, otoko no hito, desu.
12. John wa ... no hito, desu, to, kare wa, John‑... desu.
John wa, otoko no hito, desu, to, kare wa John‑San desu.
Jane wa, onna no hito, desu ka?
Hai, kanojo wa, ... no hito desu, to, kanojo wa, Jane‑... desu.
Hai, kanojo wa, onna no hito, desu, to kanojo wa, Jane‑San desu.
Jane‑San (Mrs.) wa onna no hito, desu.
Soshite (and), Jane‑... (Miss) wa, onna no hito, desu.
Soshite, Jane‑San (Miss) wa, onna no hito, desu.
Oyasumi nasai (goodnight) Jane ... John.
Oyasumi nasai, Jane to John.
13. Watashi wa, budoshu (wine), o motte imasu (have).
Watashi wa, budoshu, o motte imasu, ka?
Hai, watashi wa, ..., o motte imasu.
Hai, watashi wa, budoshu, o motte imasu.
Dozo (please), sukoshi (a little) ... (wine), o kudasai.
Dozo, sukoshi budusho, o, kudasai.
14. Anata wa, heya (room), o motte imasu.
Anata wa, heya, o motte imasu, ka?
Hai, anata wa, ..., o motte imasu.
Hai, anata wa, heya, o motte imasu.
15. Watashi‑wa, ... (a little) budoshu, o motte imasu.
Watashi‑wa, sukoshi budoshu‑o, motte imasu.
To anata‑wa ... (room), o motte imasu.
To anata‑wa heya, o motte imasu.
Watashi‑tachi wa, sukoshi budoshu, to heya, o motte imasu, ka?
Hai, watashi‑tachi wa, sukoshi budoshu, to heya, o ... imasu.
Hai, watashi‑tachi wa, sukoshi budoshu, to heya, o motte imasu.
16. Kare wa, sukoshi budoshu, to kanojo wa, heya. ... motte imasu.
Kare wa, sukoshi budoshu, to kanojo wa, heya, o motte imasu.
Karera wa (they), sukoshi budoshu, to ..., o motte imasu.
Karera wa, sukoshi budoshu, to heya, o motte imasu.
Karera wa, sukoshi budoshu, to heya, o motte imasu ka?
Hai, karera wa, sukoshi budoshu, to heya, o ... ....
Hai, karera wa, sukoshi budoshu, to heya, o motte imasu..
17. Kare wa, sukoshi ..., to anata wa (you), heya, o motte imasu.
Kare wa, sukoshi budoshu, to anata wa, heya, o motte imasu.
... (you plural) wa, sukoshi budoshu, to heya, o motte imasu.
Anata‑gata wa, sukoshi budoshu, to heya, o motte imasu.
Anata‑gata wa, sukoshi budoshu, to heya, o motte imasu, ka?
Hai, anata‑gata wa, sukoshi ..., to ..., o motte imasu.
Hai, anata‑gata wa, sukoshi budoshu, to heya, o motte imasu.
Kare wa, sukoshi budoshu, to ... wa, kare, o motte imasu.
Kare wa, sukoshi budoshu, to anata wa, kare, o motte imasu.
Oyasumi ... (goodnight).
oyasumi nasai
18. Budoshu wa, koko ni, arimasu.
Dozo, sukoshi budoshu‑o, kudasai (please take some wine).
Budoshu wa, koko ni, arimasu.
Dozo, sukoshi budoshu‑o ...
Dozo, sukoshi budoshu‑o, kudasai.
19. Budoshu wa, soko ni, arimasu.
Dozo, sukoshi budoshu‑o, ...
Dozo, sukoshi budoshu‑o, kudasai.
Budoshu wa, ... ni, arimasu.
Budoshu wa, soko ni, arimasu.
Dozo, ... budoshu‑o, kudasai.
Dozo, sukoshi budoshu‑o, kudasai.
Domo ... Sayonara (goodbye) !!!
Domo arigato. Sayonara!!!
20. Oyasumi nasai (good night), John ... Jane.
Oyasumi nasai, John to Jane.
Oyasumi ..., Jane.
Oyasumi nasai, Jane.
... nasai, John.
Oyasumi nasai, John.
... (goodbye), John to Jane.
Sayonara, John to Jane.
Ii desu ka? (is it good)
Hai, hai hai, ... desu!!!
Hai, hai hai, ii desu!!!
Say‑... (goodbye)
Sayonara
Social - A
1. John wa, koko ni, imasu.
Nan‑nin (how many people), koko ni, imasu ka?
Hitori (ichi) (1) (one person).
Jane wa, soko ni, imasu.
... (how many) ga hito, soko ni, imasu ka? Ichi!
Nan‑nin, soko ni, imasu ka? Hitori (ichi)!
2. John to Jane wa, koko ni, imaqsu.
Nan‑nin (how many people), koko ni, imasu ka? Futari (ni) (2)!!
John to Jane wa, ... ni imasu.
John to Jane wa, koko ni, imasu.
Nan‑nin, koko ni, ... ka?
Nan‑nin, koko ni, imasu ka?
Futari (ni)!! Nan‑nin? ...
Futari!! Nan‑nin? Futari (ni).
Ichi tasu (plus) ichi wa ... desu (1+1=2).
Ichi tasu (plus) ichi wa ni desu.
Ni tasu ... (zero) wa, ni desu.
Ni tasu zero wa, ni desu.
...? Ni.
Ikutsu? Ni.
3. Ichi tasu zero wa, ichi (desu ‑ omitted)
Zero tasu ichi wa, ...
Zero tasu ichi wa, ichi.
Ikutsu? Ichi.
Ichi tasu ichi wa, ...
Ichi tasu ichi wa, ni.
Ni tasu ... wa, ni.
Ni tasu zero wa, ni.
Ikutsu? ...
Ikutsu? Ni.
4. Ni tasu ichi (motto) wa san (3). Ikutsu? San.
... tasu ni wa, san (3).
Ichi tasu ni wa, san (3).
San ... zero wa, san.
San tasu zero wa, san.
Zero tasu ... wa, san.
Zero tasu san wa, san.
5. Ni tasu ni (motto) wa, yon (shi) (4).
Ikutsu? ...
Ikutsu? Yon (shi).
Ichi tasu san wa, ...
Ichi tasu san wa, shi.
Shi hiku (less) san wa, ichi.
Shi hiku ichi wa, ...
Shi hiku ichi wa, san.
San tasu ichi (...) wa, shi.
San tasu ichi (mooto) wa, shi.
Shi ... (tasu/hiku) ichi wa, san.
Shi hiku ichi wa, san.
6. Shi tasu ichi wa, go (5).
Shi tasu ... wa, shi.
Shi tasu zero wa, shi.
...? Shi.
Ikutsu? Shi.
San tasu ni wa, ... (5).
San tasu ni wa, go.
Go hiku ni wa, ...
Go hiku ni wa, san.
Zero, ..., ni, san, shi, ...
Zero, ichi, ni, san, shi, go.
7. Go tasu ichi wa, roku (6).
Roku hiku ichi wa, ...
Roku hihu ichi wa, go.
Roku ... (tasu/hiku) ni wa, shi.
Roku hiku ni wa, shi.
Roku tasu ichi (...) wa, shichi (7).
Roku tasu ichi (motto) wa, shichi.
Shichi hiku ... wa, shichi.
Shichi hiku zero wa, shichi.
Go tasu ni wa, ...
Go tasu ni wa, shichi.
8. Shichi tasu ichi wa, hachi (8).
Shichi tasu ichi, wa ikutsu? ...
Shichi tasu ichi, wa ikutsu? Hachi.
Hachi hiku ... wa, zero.
Hachi hiku hachi wa, zero.
Go tasu ni (motto) wa, ...
Go tasu ni (motto) wa, shichi.
Hachi hiku ni, wa ...? Roku.
Hachi hiku ni, wa ikutsu? Roku.
Ichi, ni, san, shi, ..., shichi, ...
Ichi, ni, san, shi, go, shichi, hachi.
9. Hachi tasu ichi wa, ku (or kyu) (9).
Roku hiku ichi wa, ...
Roku hiku ichi wa, go.
Go tasu shi wa, ...
Go tasu shi wa, ku.
Ku hiku ni, wa ikutsu? ...
Ku hiku ni, wa ikutsu? Shichi.
Ku tasu ... wa, ju (10).
~Ku tasu ichi wa, ju.
Ju hiku shi wa, ...
Ju hiku shi wa, roku.N
... hiku ichi wa, hachi.
Ku hiku ichi wa, hachi.
Hachi tasu ni wa, ...
Hachi tasu ni wa, ju.N
10. Ju hiku ni, wa ikutsu? ...
Ju hiku ni, wa ikutsu? Hachi.
San tasu roku (motto), wa ikutsu? ...
San tasu roku (motto), wa ikutsu? Ku.
San tasu roku tasu ichi wa ...
San tasu roku tasu ichi wa, ju.
Ju hiku ju wa, ...
Ju hiku ju wa, zero.
Zero, ichi, ni, ..., shi, ...
Zero, ichi, ni, san, shi, go.
Roku, ..., hachi, ..., ju.
Roku, shichi, hachi, ku, ju.
11. Konnichiwa John.
Anata wa, onaka ga suite (hungry) imasu ka?
Konnichiwa Jane.
Hai, watashi wa, onaka ga ... imasu.
Konnichiwa Jane.
Hai, watashi wa, onaka ga suite imasu.
Anata wa, tabemono (food), o motte imasu (have), ka?
Iie John, watashi wa, ..., o motte imasen (not have).
Iie John, watashi wa, tabemono, o motte imasen.
Anata wa, shiawase (happy), desu ka?
Iie Jane, watashi wa ... dewa arimasen (not happy).
Iie Jane, watashi wa shiawase, dewa arimasen.
Watashi wa, ... ga ... imasu (hungry).
Watashi wa, onaka ga suite imasu.
12. John, watashi wa, pan (bread), o motte imasu.
Pan wa, yoi tabemono, desu ka?
Hai, pan wa, yoi ..., desu ka?
Pan wa, yoi tabemono, desu ka?
Sore wa (it is) ... (good) tabemono, desu.
Sore wa, yoi tabemono, desu.
Anata wa, onaka ga suite imasu ka?
Hai, ... imasu (it is so)!!
Hai, so imasu!!
... (bread) wa, koko ni, arimasu.
Arigato.
Pan wa, koko ni, arimasu. Arigato.
13. Konnichiwa John.
Anata wa, o genki desu, ka?
Watashi wa, nodo ga kawaite (thirsty), imasu.
A? Nodo ga ...?
Nodo ga kawaite?
Hai, watashi wa, ... ga kawaite imasu.
Hai, watashi wa, nodo ga kawaite imasu.
Anata wa, budoshu, o ... (have) imasu, ka?
Anata wa, budoshu, o motte imasu, ka?
Iie, watashi wa, budoshu, o motte ...
Iie, watashi wa, budoshu, o motte arimasen.
14. Anata wa, okane (money), o motte imasu, ka?
Hai, watashi wa, sukoshi ..., o motte imasu.
Hai, watashi wa, sukoshi okane, o motte imasu.
Watashi wa,