java/jdk/sdk/…!!!bpg/teaching/it82/handouts/js_2up.pdf · 2 spring 2003 © university of stirling...

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Spring 2003© University of Stirling

IT82: Multimedia


IT82: Multimedia

Java/JDK/SDK/…!!!Java language Development Tools

Java 1.0 JDK 1.0.*

Java 1.1 JDK 1.1.*

Java 2 JDK/SDK 1.2

SDK 1.3

SDK 1.4

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IT82: Multimedia

JFC and SwingJava Foundation Classes (JFC)

• Accessibility API

• Java2D API

• Drag and Drop API

Swing:

• Swing components

• Pluggable Look and Feel

only available

in Java 2


IT82: Multimedia

JFC

Accessibility API• allows assistive technologies to be used with Java

components– e.g. screen readers, screen magnifiers, speech recognition

Java2D API• more advanced graphics drawing facilities

– e.g. more sophisticated geometry, transformations, paintingstyles, image processing

Drag-and-Drop API• allows dragging and dropping between Java and non-

Java applications

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JFC

Swing• interface components written in Java• non-window-system-specific• customizable

Pluggable Look-and-Feel• switch the look of a suite of applications without

having to re-jig the components of each one• a number of standard looks and feels provided


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Swing and AWT• Swing has versions of all the components supplied by

the Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT)• …plus lots more!• Swing components are typically more specialized

versions of (are subclasses of) AWT components,e.g.


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AWT• One big difference is in the hierarchies of containers:

• …and you can do (eg) add(myBigRedButton)

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Swing

getContentPane().add(myBigRedButton);


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Visualizing the Panes

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Swing Components

Containers• Top-Level• General-Purpose• Special-Purpose

Atomic Components• Basic Controls• Information Displays

– Uneditable– Editable


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Top-level ContainersAt the top of any containment hierarchy, you will findone of these:

Applet Dialogue Frame

JApplet JDialog JFrameJOptionPane

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General-purpose Containers(Intermediate containers of many uses)

Toolbar Panel

JToolBar JPanel

Split Pane Scroll Pane Tabbed Pane

JSplitPane JScrollPane JTabbedPane


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Special-purpose Containers(Intermediate containers with specific roles)

Internal Frame Layered Pane

JInternalFrame JLayeredPaneRoot Pane

JRootPane

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Controls

Jbutton JList JComboBoxMenu Slider Text field

JMenu JSlider JTextFieldJMenuItem

ButtonsList

Combo Box


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Information Displays(uneditable, solely to give information)

Label Progress Bar ToolTip

JLabel JProgressBar JToolTip

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InformationDisplays

(editable, formatted)

JFileChooser JColorChooserTable Text Tree

JTable JTextArea JTree

Colour Chooser

File Chooser


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Layout Managers(standard ones)

Managers available:• Flow• Card• Border• Box• Grid• GridBag (complicated!)• customized

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BoxLayout BorderLayout

GridBagLayoutGridLayout


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A Whole Lot of Listeners

HyperlinkListener InternalFrameListenerMenuListener MouseListener ItemListenerKeyListener MouseInputListenerListSelectionListener TreeModelListenerListDataListener MenuKeyListenerMenuDragMouseListener MouseMotionListenerTableColumnModelListener PopupMenuListenerTableModelListener TreeExpansionListenerTreeSelectionListener UndoableEditListenerTreeWillExpandListener WindowListener

ActionListener AncestorListener

CaretListener

CellEditorListener

ChangeListener

ComponentListener

ContainerListener

DocumentListener

FocusListener

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Example SwingApplication


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import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;

public class SwingApplication extends JFrame implements ActionListener {

private String labelPrefix = "Number of button clicks: "; JLabel label; private int numClicks = 0;

public SwingApplication() { label = new JLabel(labelPrefix + "0 ", JLabel.CENTER); JButton button = new JButton("I'm a Swing button!", new ImageIcon("duke.gif"));

button.addActionListener(this); JPanel panel = new JPanel(); // adds a space of 30 pixels around the edge of the panel panel.setBorder(BorderFactory. createEmptyBorder(40,40,40,40)); panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1)); panel.add(button); panel.add(label); getContentPane().add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER); }

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public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { numClicks++; label.setText(labelPrefix + numClicks); }

public static void main(String[] args) { // Create the top-level frame JFrame frame = new JFrame("SwingApplication"); SwingApplication app = new SwingApplication();

// Make sure the frame can exit app.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { System.exit(0); } }); app.setSize(600,400); app.setVisible(true); }}


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Practical Swing Conversion Tips

• Don’t forget the import javax.swing.*;• Remember about separate content panes forJFrame

• Don’t call the paint method directly - usepaintComponent

• Stick to either AWT or Swing - in particular,– Don’t mix heavy and light components

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Heavy and Light

• “Heavy” components have their own screenresources, “light” components borrow them– AWT components are heavy– Swing components are light

• Mixing them causes problems, because of:– lightweights can be transparent, heavies are opaque– heavies always appear rectangular

– mouse events on a lightweight component fall through to theparent of the component - not so with heavies

– heavy components are always on top


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Heavy and Light

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Why use Swing?(in case you weren’t already converted)

• Big range of snazzy (usable too!) features:– e.g. icons on buttons, toolbars, tabbed panes, sliders, file

choosers,…..

• Pluggable Look and Feel gives a range of choice forinterface styles non-window-system-dependent

• Built-in accessibility support


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More Swing(Information for if you want to go further into Swing)Many Java books cover some Swing

• One book is by Mary Campione

and Kathy Walrath:

“The JFC Swing tutorial”

• This book is the portable version

• of the online Swing tutorial, athttp://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/uiswing/

• More information than you could ever possibly wantat the sun site, java.sun.com

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Plug-in Look and Feel SamplesJava MacOS

Windows Motif


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Java Look and Feel Guidelines

• Very comprehensive, a valuable resource• Book form, as well as online at

java.sun.com/products/jlf/

• Covers structural design, as well as visual/layoutguidelines

• Detailed guidelines on various topics, including– Interface components– Mouse behaviour– Using graphics

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Look and Feel Graphics


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Extract from Graphics Guidelines

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End Of Lecture

• Next lecture is on Java2D• Remember: File formats tutorials next week

– NOT the week after, as in original timetable

java/jdk/sdk/…!!!bpg/teaching/it82/handouts/js_2up.pdf · 2 spring 2003 © university of stirling...

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