java’s jdbc

95-712 Object Oriented Programming Java

Java’s JDBC

• Allows access to any ANSI SQL-2 DBMS• Does its work in terms of SQL• The JDBC has classes that represent: database connections SQL Statements Result sets database metadata• Can be connected to ODBC• We’ll review some database terminology• And look over a simple stand alone JDBC Application


Database Terminology

• Database: A shared collection of logically related data (and a description of this data) designed to meet the information needs of an organization

• Relation: A table with columns and rows

• Attribute: A named column of a relation

• Tuple: A row in a relation

Definitions from Database Systemsby Connolly, Begg, and Strachan

Gary Alperson helped developed these slides and the JDBC example.


Sample Table

brokerb_id lname fname

1 Smith John2 Jones Hannah3 Reynolds Leon4 Chang Donna5 Smith Deborah6 Thompson Daniel7 Frendun Laura




Attribute




Tuple


SQL

• Data Definition Language (DDL)– Create tables– Modify tables– Delete (drop) tables

• Data Manipulation Language (DML)– Insert data– Update data– Select data


Select Statement



We will use this data for our examples


From the broker table, select the contents of the last name attribute

Query

SELECT lname

FROM broker;

ResultslnameSmithJonesReynoldsChangSmithThompsonFrendun

SQL is not case sensitive. Key SQL words are capitalized and line breaks are inserted by convention.


From the broker table, select all attributes

Query

SELECT *

FROM broker;

Results

* Acts as a wildcard




From the broker table, select all attributes where the last name is Smith

Query

SELECT *

FROM broker

WHERE lname = ‘Smith’;

Results

•Note that the string is enclosed by single quotes•The contents of a string are case sensitive


1 Smith John5 Smith Deborah


Use AND or OR to connect multiple where clauses

Query

SELECT *FROM brokerWHERE lname = ‘Smith’AND fname = ‘John’;

Results

b_id lname fname1 Smith John


Example with two Tables

One-to-many relationship•Each broker may have many customers•Each customer is only affiliated with one broker•The b_id joins both tables by identifying the unique broker that each customer is associated with

broker customerb_id lname fname


customerid b_id lname fname

1 1 LeParc Wilson2 1 AnstinceDevon3 2 Tabor Mark4 2 Lenks Sandy5 2 PhillipsonRichard6 3 Kini Raghu7 4 Kim David


Cartesian Productbroker.b_id

broker.lname

broker.fname

id customer.b_id

broker.lname

broker.fname

1 Smith John 1 1 LeParc Wilson1 Smith John 2 1 Anstince Devon1 Smith John 3 2 Tabor Mark1 Smith John 4 2 Lenks Sandy1 Smith John 5 2 Phillipson Richard1 Smith John 6 3 Kini Raghu1 Smith John 7 4 Kim David2 Jones Hannah 1 1 LeParc Wilson2 Jones Hannah 2 1 Anstince Devon2 Jones Hannah 3 2 Tabor Mark2 Jones Hannah 4 2 Lenks Sandy2 Jones Hannah 5 2 Phillipson Richard2 Jones Hannah 6 3 Kini Raghu2 Jones Hannah 7 4 Kim David3 Reynolds Leon 1 1 LeParc Wilson3 Reynolds Leon 2 1 Anstince Devon3 Reynolds Leon 3 2 Tabor Mark3 Reynolds Leon 4 2 Lenks Sandy3 Reynolds Leon 5 2 Phillipson Richard3 Reynolds Leon 6 3 Kini Raghu3 Reynolds Leon 7 4 Kim David4 Chang Donna 1 1 LeParc Wilson4 Chang Donna 2 1 Anstince Devon4 Chang Donna 3 2 Tabor Mark4 Chang Donna 4 2 Lenks Sandy4 Chang Donna 5 2 Phillipson Richard4 Chang Donna 6 3 Kini Raghu4 Chang Donna 7 4 Kim David

When you do a query on multiple tables, SQL begins by creating the Cartesian product, which combines each tuple from one relation from every tuple of the other relation.(Actual SQL implementationsare free to compute the resulting table efficiently,i.e., the actual Cartesian product may not be generated at all.)


Query

SELECT *

FROM customer, broker

WHERE broker.b_id = 1;

SQL does not realize that the b_id in the customer table is the same as the b_id in the broker table unless you join them in the

where clause.

broker.b_id

broker.lname

broker.fname

id customer.b_id

broker.lname

broker.fname

1 Smith John 1 1 LeParc Wilson1 Smith John 2 1 Anstince Devon1 Smith John 3 2 Tabor Mark1 Smith John 4 2 Lenks Sandy1 Smith John 5 2 Phillipson Richard1 Smith John 6 3 Kini Raghu1 Smith John 7 4 Kim David

Results


Cartesian ProductQuery

SELECT *


WHERE broker.b_id = 1

AND broker.b_id = customer.b_id;

Resultsbroker.b_id

broker.lname

broker.fname

id customer.b_id

broker.lname

broker.fname

1 Smith John 1 1 LeParc Wilson1 Smith John 2 1 Anstince Devon


ODBC

ODBC is a programming interface that enables applications to access data in

database systems that use Structured Query Language (SQL) as a data standard.


Creating an ODBC Connection

• Click on the Start button.• Choose Settings, Control Panel• Double-click on ODBC Data Sources• Choose the System DSN tab• Click Add


•Click on the desired driver (MSAccess)•Click on the Finish button


•Enter a Data Source Name•Click on the Select button•Locate the desired file or directory•Click OK


SQL Query as a Java String

The SQL

SELECT customer.lname


WHERE broker.lname = ‘Smith’

AND broker.b_id <> 1

AND broker.b_id = customer.b_id;

From both tables select the last names of all customers whose broker’s last name is Smith but whose broker ID is not 1.


Executing a query in Java

// Statement aStatement = statement got from connection

String last = “Smith”;

int nonID = 1;

String q = “SELECT customer.lname FROM customer, broker” + “WHERE broker.lname = \’” + last + “\’ AND broker.b_id” + “<>” + nonID + “AND broker.b_id = customer.b_id;”);ResultSet rs = aStatement.executeQuery(q);

•The slash (\) is the escape character. It precedes the single quote to tell Java to include that quote in the String•The String last is outside of the double quotes, because it must be concatonated with the String sent to the database, but it falls within the single quotes so that SQL treats it as a string•nonID does not go within single quotes since it is numeric•Since the String is an SQL statement, it uses = and <> rather than == and !=


A Simple Application// This program makes use of a stock database// and the primary JDBC classes (Connection, Statement, // ResultSet and ResultSetMetaData)

import java.util.*;import java.sql.*;import java.io.*;

public class TestCoolStocksDB {

public static void main(String args[]) {

Connection con = null; Statement s = null;


ResultSet rs = null; ResultSetMetaData rsm = null; String answer = "";

try { DriverManager.registerDriver( new sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver()); con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:CoolStocks");

s = con.createStatement(); rs = s.executeQuery("select * from customer"); rsm = rs.getMetaData();


while(rs.next()) { for(int col = 1; col <= rsm.getColumnCount(); col++) answer += rs.getString(col); } con.close(); } catch (SQLException sqle) { System.err.println("Exception caught in main:" + sqle); } System.out.println(answer); }}


A Simple JSP/JDBC Example

stocks.mdb database schema

customer stocks portfolioid symbol idlname company symbolfname price num_shares

There are three tables. Both customer and stocks have a one-to-many relationship with portfolios. The database stocks.mdbwas registered with the ODBC driver as “CoolStocks”


Register w/ODBCCreate an ODBC data source.Click on the Start button.Choose Settings, Control PanelDouble-click on ODBC Data SourcesChoose the System DSN tabClick AddClick on the desired driver (MSAccess)Click on the Finish buttonEnter a Data Source Name (I called my database CoolStocksand that name appears in the java code below)Click on the Select buttonLocate the directory and file containing your database. This will bethe “stock.mdb” file created by Microsoft Access.Click OK

A Simple JSP/JDBC Example

<TITLE>JSP JDBC Example 1</TITLE></HEAD>

<BODY><!– Adapted from James Goodwill’s Pure JSP <%@ page language="java" import="java.sql.*" %><%@ page import= "java.io.*" %>


<% Connection con = null; try { // Load the Driver class file Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");

// Make a connection to the ODBC datasource Movie Catalog con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:CoolStocks");

// Create the statement Statement statement = con.createStatement();

// Use the created statement to SELECT the DATA // FROM the customer Table. ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery("SELECT * " + "FROM customer"); // Iterate over the ResultSet %>

<TABLE BORDER="1"> <TR> <TH> Customer - ID</TH><TH>Last Name</TH> <TH>First Name</TH> <% while ( rs.next() ) {

// get the id, convert to String out.println("<TR>\n<TD>" + rs.getString("id") + "</TD>");

// get the last name out.println("<TD>" + rs.getString("lname") + "</TD>");

// get the first name out.println("<TD>" + rs.getString("fname") + "</TD>\n</TR"); }


// Close the ResultSet rs.close(); } catch (IOException ioe) { out.println(ioe.getMessage()); } catch (SQLException sqle) { out.println(sqle.getMessage()); } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) { out.println(cnfe.getMessage()); } catch (Exception e) { out.println(e.getMessage()); }


finally { try { if ( con != null ) {

// Close the connection no matter what con.close(); } } catch (SQLException sqle) {

out.println(sqle.getMessage()); } }

%></BODY></HTML>


It Works!

java’s jdbc

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