JAXA Activities in Earth Observation JAXA Activities in Earth Observation from Space from Space

KMA, SeoulKMA, SeoulJune 1-3, 2005June 1-3, 2005

Tomomi NioTomomi NioEarth Observation Research and application Center (EORC)Earth Observation Research and application Center (EORC)

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

2

Topics

1. JAXA Earth Observation Program1. JAXA Earth Observation Program

- JAXA Long-term Vision- JAXA Long-term Vision

- GEOSS Implementation Plan- GEOSS Implementation Plan

2. Operation Status2. Operation Status

- TRMM- TRMM

- Aqua/AMSR-E- Aqua/AMSR-E

- Terra&Aqua/MODIS- Terra&Aqua/MODIS

- Network Interface- Network Interface

3. Future Program3. Future Program

- ALOS- ALOS

- GOSAT- GOSAT

- GPM- GPM

- GCOM-W/C- GCOM-W/C

3

1. JAXA Earth Observation Program

4

1. JAXA Earth Observation Program

JAXA long-term vision was released in Apr. 2005– 20 years plan– Main vision in Earth Observation;

• To contribute the safe and rich society utilizing space technology.

– To make the helpful system for the natural disaster and to develop the system for Asia-Pacific region <Risk management system>

– To realize the helpful system for earth environmental problem and to use it as the policy planning tool internationally <Environment monitoring system>

– Reflected the GEOSS 10-year implementation plan

5海難事故

洪水

森林火災

火山噴火

地震

津波地上観測網

測位衛星群 超大型移動体通信衛星

全ての被災地住民

災害警報災害状況避難経路指示被災者間通信家族の位置情報

総合情報センター

災害の予測から避難指示、家族の位置確認まで直接個人携帯にサービス

将来の災害･危機管理情報収集通報システム

静止衛星小型衛星群

不審船

僻地、海上等の無人観測局

台風

災害観測データ収集

個人携帯配信

観測ブイ

超高速通信衛星

被災地上網と接続

地球観測衛星群

高分解能陸域観測衛星

全球降水観測衛星

Image of the vision

6

Earth Observation 10-Year Implementation Plan

Identification of key observation areas and objective (9 benefits such as reducing loss of life and property from natural

and human induced disasters, understanding, assessing, predicting, mitigating, and adapting to climate variability and change and so on).

Overcome shortcomings of current observation systems (strengthen involvement of the developing countries, improve Earth observation technology, strengthen observation systems).

Give guidance for establishing new Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) by strengthen existing observation systems, establishing successor international mechanism.

The Earth Observation Summit adopted the 10- year implementation plan on February 16,2005

1. JAXA EO program

7

Social Benefits and Requirement (GEOSS 10y-IP)

1. Reducing loss of life and property from natural and human induced disasters

2. Understanding environmental factors affecting human health and well being

3. Improving management of energy resources 4. Understanding, assessing, predicting, mitigating and

adapting to climate variability and change5. Improving water resource management through better

understanding of the water cycle6. Improving weather information, forecasting and warning7. Improving the management and protection of terrestrial,

coastal and marine ecosystems8. Supporting sustainable agriculture and combating

desertification9. Understanding, monitoring and conserving biodiversity

The 9 social benefit area

1. JAXA EO program

8

JAXA’s Contribution to GEOSS～2002 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

Disaster Monitoring

AndResource Management

【 Optical Sensor】MOS-1,ADEOS (87~95) (96~97)

【 Optical & SAR】JERS-1 (92~98)

【 PrecipitationRadar】TRMM/PR

(97~)

【 Microwave Sensor】

MOS-1(87~95)

【 Optical Sensor】MOS-1, ADEOS(87~95) (96~97)

【 Cloud Radar】

【 Spectrometer】ADEOS/ILAS

(96~97)

JFY

ALOS

ADEOS-II / ILAS-II GOSAT

ADEOS-II / AMSR

Aqua / AMSR-E

ADEOS-II / GLI

【 Sea Surface Wind Vector, SST】

Geo-Stationary Earth Observation Mission

Disaster Monitoring Constellation Mission

GPM / DPR

Note: This chart includes NOT authorized plan【CO2】

Global WarmingAnd

Global Water Cycle

ObservationWater Cycle Observation

Climate Change

Observation

Greenhouse Gas

Observation

GCOM-C/ SGLI

GCOM-W/ AMSR

【 Cloud, Aerosol, Vegetation】

【 Cloud, Aerosol】

Legend SymbolPlanned ProjectApproved ProjectAfter Operation Period

4.1 Disasters

4.2 Health

TRMM / PR4.5 Water

4.4 Climate

4.6 Weather

EarthCARE / CPR

4.3 Energy

Social Benefit Areas of Drafts GEOSS10-Year Implementation Plan

4.7 Ecosystems

4.8 Agriculture

4.9 Biodiversity

1. JAXA EO program

9

2. Operation Status

10

2. Operation Status

1. TRMM (’97.11- )– After operation period ( 7.5 years old )– A lot of Results– TRMM Typhoon database is very popular

and interesting.

2. Aqua/AMSR-E (’02.5- )– AMSR-E project is going to shift to the

post utilization phase

3. MODIS&AMSR-E NRT Data Release (’04.7-)

– EOC has been receiving the MODIS data by direct readout since July 2004.

11

Tropical Cyclone Data Base

JAXA EORC Tropical Cyclone Data Base– TRMM Tropical

Cyclone Data Base and AMSR/AMSR-E Data Base will be merged.

– Tropical Cyclones data observed by TRMM/PR,TMI,VIRS, Aqua/AMSR-E and Midori-II (ADEOS-II)/AMSR will be available on June 8.

http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp

2. Operation Status

12

MODIS & AMSR-E NRT Data Coverage:Around JAXA/EOC (Hatoyama station) Release Data

– Level 1B (Brightness Temperature / Geometrical Calibrated)– Sea Surface Temperature (SST)– Chlorophyll-a (CHLA)– 5 days Average SST (AMSR-E)

How to get data?– Image Gallery http://www.eoc.jaxa.jp/satellite/sendata/modis3_j.html

2. Operation Status

– Binary Data (5,250yen/Month)Registration users can download the MODIS data in 3 – 5 hours after the receiving and the AMSR-E data in 12 hours after the receiving.

13

Network interfaces with other agencies Japanese agencies;

– RESTEC– HIT– NICT– JMA/MSC– JAFIC

Foreign agency;– NASA/JPL

EOC send the following data to JMA/MSC.– AQUA/AMSR-E : Rate Buffered data, IST, AMSR-E Level 1A– TRMM : PR QL/Level 0, TMI/VIRS real time product, RST– QuikSCAT : Met data

2. Operation Status

ALOS Users-GSI-ERSDAC

ALOS Data Node -AADN -AEDN -OADN -GISTDA

14

Interface – AMSR-E/AQUA –

GSFC(EDOS)JAXA/EOC

Transpacific ATM 2MbpsEBnet ATM

JAXA/EOC

ATM 1MbpsJMA/MSC

Wide area Ethernet JAXA/EORC

JPL(PO.DAAC)

DR 128KbpsJAFIC

EDOS_0907 R1540402R154095 AMSR-E

gdpsjb01/11JPLP_0903

(_P01A) P1AME(_P01B)

EOCDDS (_N2SST,_N2CLW,_N2AP0, EORC_0903 External

_N2WVO,_N2SSW)(_N01B) P1AME

JMA_0903(_N2SSW,_N2AP0,_N2CLW) P1AMEAMSR/AMSR-E

(common)JAFI_0903 hdpsfb33/34

(_N2SST,_N2WVO) P1AME

2. Operation Status

15

JPL

GSFC(SDPF,TSDIS)JAXA/EOC

Transpacific ATM 2Mbps

EBnet ATM

JAXA/EOC

Wide area Ethernet JAXA/EORC

ATM 1MbpsJMA/MSC

ISDN 1.5MbpsNICT

2A25r JMA_0603 TRMM NRT get1B11.

TSDS_0603 DDS1B01. hdps1t04 TMI/VIRS get1B11. EORC_0603

EOCCRL_0603 T1PR External

HKDThdps1t01

SDPF_0603 TRMM_QLTRMM_LZ consim

SDPF_0601 TRMM_OREORC_0601

Interface –TRMM –2. Operation Status

16

JPL

GSFC(CSAFS)JAXA/EOC Transpacific ATM 2Mbps

EBnet ATM

JAXA/EOC

ATM 1MbpsJMA/MSC

DR 128KbpsJAFIC

NOAA/NESDIS

JAFI_1021 EOCGSFC_1021 NQ.QBUF.QS. DDS External

JMA_1021

Interface – QuikSCAT –2. Operation Status

17

3. Future Program

18

3.Future Program

Satellite Phase

JFY’05 ’06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11

ALOSOperation Preparation

△ Sep.

L+9M- △

GOSATDevelopment

△Aug. △

GPMStudy&Design

△Feb. △

GCOM -W -CConceptual Study

△winter

△ △

winter△

EarthCAREConceptual Study

△

*Japanese Financial Year : April to March in next calendar year

EORC move to Tsukuba

19

Future Program

ALOSAdvanced Land Observing Satellite

3. Future Program

20

ALOS Overview

JAXA’s High-Resolution Earth Observing Satellite Mission

– Cartography (1/25,000)– Regional Environmental Monitoring– Disaster Monitoring– Resources Survey

Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for

Stereo Mapping (PRISM)

Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2

(AVNIR-2)

Data Relay Communication AntennaStar Tracker

GPS Antenna

Solar Array Paddle

9m

22m

Mass: 4000kg

Power: 7kW

Orbit : Sun Synchronous

Altitude: 691.65km

Repeat Cycle : 46days

Launch Date : Sep. 2005

Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar

(PALSAR)

3. Future Program

21

ALOS Current Status Post Qualification Review and Mission Development Confirm

ation Review were held this May. Now we are preparing for the operation doing rehearsal, traini

ng, etc. ALOS satellite was carried to the launch site in Tanegashima. ALOS will be launched this September by H-IIA.

– The “date” is under negotiation within JAXA.

ALOS is very expected to contribute widely to science and application field;– Natural resource management– Disaster monitoring and damage mitigation– Regional development and planning

JAXA became a member of the International Charter.

http://www.disasterscharter.org/

3. Future Program

22

Future Program

GOSATGreenhouse gasses Observing SATellite

3. Future Program

23

GOSAT Overview3. Future Program

FSSH-1XANT-1XANT-2SANT-1

ESH

CAM-H1

CS光学系ユニットGOS光学系ユニット

FSSH-2/3 TEDA-LPT2

TEDA-LPT1

PDL

Z（地心方向）

（進行方向、ロケット機軸方向）X

Y

FSSH-1XANT-1XANT-2SANT-1

ESH

CAM-H1

CS光学系ユニットGOS光学系ユニット

FSSH-2/3 TEDA-LPT2

TEDA-LPT1

PDL

FSSH-1XANT-1XANT-2SANT-1

ESH

CAM-H1

CS光学系ユニットGOS光学系ユニット

FSSH-2/3 TEDA-LPT2

TEDA-LPT1

PDL

Z（地心方向）

（進行方向、ロケット機軸方向）X

Y

Z（地心方向）

（進行方向、ロケット機軸方向）X

Y

MASS: Approx. 1650kgPower: 3.3kw – EOLDesigned Life Span: 5yearsOrbit Plan: Altitude 666km Sun-Synchronous Sub-Recurrent OrbitOrbit Inclination: 98deg.Launch: Aug.2008 by H-IIA (TBD)

GOS (Greenhouse gasses Observing Sensor)

CS(Cloud Sensor)

Mission– To observe greenhouse effect gasses globally

24

Future Program

GPMGlobal Precipitation Measurement

3. Future Program

25

From TRMM to GPM

NASA, JAXA and

NICT International Cooperation

Mission

3. Future Program

Cooperation(Expected partners) ： NOAA(US),NASA(US),ESA(EU), CNES/ISRO(France/India) and others

26

GPM Overview3. Future Program

Mission:Core Satellite– Observation of rainfall

with more accurate and higher resolution

– Adjustment of data from constellation satellites

Constellation Satellites– More frequent

observationGPM – Global observation

every 3 hours↓↓– Earth heating Earth heating

PhenomenaPhenomena– Study of Climate ChangeStudy of Climate Change– Improvement of Improvement of

forecasting systemforecasting system

Core Satellite Constellation Satellites

Orbit Sun-asynchronous

Sun-synchronous

Inclination Approx. 68 deg. Approx. 90 deg.

Altitude Approx. 600 ｋｍ Approx. 600 ｋｍPeriod Approx. 92

minutesApprox. 100 minutes

Mission Instrument

DPR*GMI

Microwave Radiometer

Resolution

KuPR:245kmKaPR:120km

Approx. 800ｋｍRange resolution

250m ---

Launch Date 2010 (TBD) ---

Mission of Life 3 years and 2 months

---

*DPR=Dual Frequency Radiometer 14GHz KuPR and 35GHz KaPR

2 satellites

8 satellites

27

GMIDPR

JAXA

GPM Data Flow GCOM-W U.S.

ESAInternational Partners

GPM core TDRS

White SandsJAXA

AMSR-2

JAXA

MWR MWRGPM core(DPR,GMI)

ESA

MWR

MWR

MWR

MWR

CHINAInternational

Partners

XXX XXX XXX

Data center・ data collection（ DPR+GMI+MWRs）・ 3hr global rain map generation

user（ operational and research organization, etc）3hr global rain-map

PPS@NASA/GSFC

Data Pool

Data Pool

3. Future Program

Tb(L1c)

Tb(L1b) Tb(L1b)Tb(L1b)

Tb(L1b)

GDaWG: GPM Data Working Group

28

Roles of GDaWG

To Investigate and coordinate – Common requirements – Technical interface

Regarding data acquisition, processing, sharing (including near real-time), archiving and distribution.

– Data format etc.

Next GDaWG meeting; – Fall or winter in 2005 (TBD)

3. Future Program

29

GPM Data Exchange 3. Future Program

JAXA@Tsukuba

JMAInternationalFlood Alert

Network (IFNet)

3hr- Global Rain Map L1c(Tb)

(GMI and MWRs)

Standard

NRT

OperationalUsers

ResearchUsers

NASA PartnerPartner

PartnerPartner

Asian Area

30

Project Status

JAXA re-studied the mission requirement.– JAXA standard products are reconsidered. <See next page>

JAXA will have the phase-up review for the development after winter of this year.

JAXA, NICT and NASA have the international workshop every year. We are planning next workshop;– 5th GPM International Workshop

• Date: 7(Mon) – 9 (Wed) , November 2005• Place: Shinagawa Prince Hotel in Tokyo, Japan

<Please join this workshop! After September everyone will be able to register in website whic

h is linked EORC top page.>Target : Asian users We want to know and summarize user requirement again in ord

er to reflect the system development. We hope to GPM data will be used in operational application such as IFNet (International Flood Alert Network).

3. Future Program

31

JAXA GPM/DPR Products（ draft）ProductLevel Algorithm Parameters Scene

Unit SwathResolution

Product SizeHorizontal Vertical

1KuPR Algorithm Received Power, Z-factor 1 orbit 240km 5km 125m 370MB

KaPR Algorithm Received Power, Z-factor 1 orbit 120km 5km 125m250m 250MB

2

KuPR AlgorithmSurface Cross Section, Rain Type、 Bright Band Height, Corrected Z-factor, Rain Rate

1 orbit 240km 5km 125m 440MB

KaPR AlgorithmSurface Cross Section, Rain Type、 Bright Band Height, Corrected Z-factor, Rain Rate

1 orbit 120km 5km 125m 361MB

Dual-frequency Algorithm

Rain Rate, Rain Drop-size Distribution（ N0, D0） , Rain or Snow, Attenuation 1 orbit 240km 5km 250m 400MB

DPR/GMICombined Algorithm

Rain Rate 1 orbit 240km 5km 250m 100MB

Surface Rain 1 orbit 800km 7km － 16MB

3

Dual-frequency Algorithm

Rain Mean, Total Counts, Rain Pixels, Mean of Bright Band Height, etc.

1 month (Global) 0.5˚ 250m 170MB

DPR/GMICombined Algorithm

Surface Rain Mean, Total Counts, Rain Pixels

1 month (Global) 0.5˚ － 3MB

Global Precipitation Map

Surface Rain Mean, Total Counts, Rain Pixels 3 hours (Global) 0.5˚ － 4MB

Real Time 　 Surface Rain Rate TBD － TBD

Blue:1st priority product, Yellow:2nd priority product, Red: research effort based product

3. Future Program

32

Future Program

GCOMGlobal Climate Observation Mission

3. Future Program

33

GCOM Overview

JAXA GN(Tracking & S/C

Operation System)

JAXA EORC(Mission Operation System)

Recieving Station(High Latitude Station)

GCOM-W GCOM-C

HK-TT&C (USB)

Mission Data (X-band:TBD)

Mission Data (X-band:TBD)

Altitude:699.6kmInclination:98.19degLocal Time: 13:30Sensor: - AMSR-2 - SeaWinds(TBD)

Altitude:798km or 973.2kmInclination:99.36degLocal Time: 10:30Sensor: - SGLI

Data (On-line)

3. Future Program

34

Summary

JAXA is challenging to realize the long-term vision and correspond to the GOESS implementation plan.– Risk management system– Environmental observation system

JAXA has been studying the future earth observation program such as GPM and GCOM-W. – scientific research and demonstration of operational

applications such as numerical weather forecast and disaster prevention program

– To keep exchanging opinion, requirement, and data with big operational users such as meteorological agencies.

35

Thank you!

E-mail: nio.tomomi@jaxa.jp