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JBIT-Dehradun:: Handbook of B.Tech-I Sem: [ME]

JB INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Approved by AICTE, Ministry of HRD, Govt. of India, Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University

Campus: NH-72, Village Shankarpur, Chakrata Road, Dehradun (UK) Tel.: 0135-269880, 2698896

E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.jbitdoon.com

FOR B.TECH[ME] –I SEM

Student Hand Book

http://www.jbitdoon.com/


Study & Evaluation Scheme: B.Tech-I SEM:

S.No

Course Code

Subject Periods

EVALUATION SCHEME

CREDIT

SESSIONAL EXAM

External Exam.

Subject Total

L T P CT TA Total

1 TMA 101 Mathematics – II 3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150 4

2 TCY 101 Engg.Chemistry 3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150 4

3 THM 101 Basic Technical Communication – I

3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150 3

4 TME 101 Mechanical Engineering

3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150 4

5 TEC 101

Fundamentals of Electronic Engineering

3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150 4

Practical

1 PCY 101 Chemistry Lab 0 0 2 - - 25 25 50 2

2 PME 101 Mechanical Engineering Lab

0 0 2 - - 25 25 50 2

3 PEC 101

Fundamentals of Electronic Engineering Lab

0 0 2 - - 25 25 50 2

4 PED 101 Engineering Drawing Lab

0 0 2 - - 25 25 50 2

TOTAL - - - 950 27

ME


MATHEMATICS-I ( TMA-101 ) Differential Equations 8 Ordinary differential equations of first order, Exact differential equations, Linear differential equations of first order, Linear differential equations of nth order with constant coefficients, Complementry functions and particular integrals, Simultaneous linear differential equations, Solutions of second order differential equations by changing the dependent and independent variables, Method of variation of parameters. Unit-2 Laplace Transform 10 Laplace transform, Existence theorem, Laplace transform of derivatives and integrals, Inverse Laplace transform, Laplace transform of periodic function, Unit step function, Convolution theorem, Applications to solve simple linear and simultaneous liner differential equations. Unit-3 Infinite Series 8 Introduction, Sequences, Series: Convergence, Series of positive terms, Comparison tests, Integral tests, Comparison of ratio„s, D„Alembert ratio test, Raabe„s test, Cauchy root test, Alternating series: Lebnitz rule, Power series, Uniform convergence, Weierstress„s M-test, Properties of uniformly convergent series. Unit-4 Fourier Series and Partial Differential Equations 8 Periodic functions, Trigonometric series, Fourier series of periodic function, Euler„s formula, Functions having arbitrary period, Change of intervals, Even and odd functions, Half range sine and cosine series. Introduction to partial differential equations, Linear partial differential equations with constant coefficients of second order and their classifications: parabolic, hyperbolic and elliptic with illustrative examples. Unit-5 Applications of Partial Differential equations 8 Method of separation of variables for solving partial differential equations, One dimensional wave equation, Laplace equation in two dimensions, Heat conduction equations of one dimension and two dimension. References: 1. A Text book of Engineering Mathematics (Vol.2) by Peter V. O„ Neil, Cengage Learning. 2. B. S. Grewal: Higher Engineering Mathematics, Khanna Publications. 3. C. Prasad, Advanced Mathematics for Engineers, Prasad Mudralaya. 4. E. Kreyszij: Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Wiley Eastern. 5. M.D. Raisinghania: Ordinary & Partial Differential Equations, S. Chand Publication.


ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY (TCY 101)

UNIT – I GENERAL & ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 8 L Molecular orbital diagram of diatomic molecules, valence bond theory & molecular orbital Theory linear combination of atomic orbitals, hybridization, hydrogen bonding, band theory of solids, liquid crystals with their classification applications, Bragg‟s Law, Fullerenes & their application , Nature of organic molecules, attacking reagents, inductive effect, electromeric, mesomeric (resonance) effect, hyperconjugation, reaction intermediates types of organic reaction (substitution, addition, elimination reaction & organic rearragements), Saytzeff‟s rule, organic name reactions (cannizzaro‟s reaction, aldol condensation, Pinnacol-pinnacolon rearrangement, Beckmann‟s rearrangement, Hoffmann‟s rearrangement), Optical isomerism & confirmations, E-Z nomenclature, R-S configuration.

UNIT – II PHYSICAL & WATER CHEMISTRY 10 L Rate of reaction, order & molecularity of reaction, Zero order, First Order, Second order reaction, steady state approximation, concept of activation energy, energy barrier, cell potential, liquid junction potential, conductance & its variation with dilution, Transport no. Kohlraush‟s Law and its application, pH, buffer solution, calculation of pH of buffer mixture solubility & solubility Product, Nernst distribution law & its application, corrosion, its type, Mechanism & control , Theory of Electrochemical corrosion.Hardness of water, boiler feed water, Softening of water (Calgon Process, Zeolite process, Lime Soda process & Ion exchange process), Reverse osmosis, treatment of boiler feed water.

UNIT – III CHEMISTRY OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS 7 L Introduction & classification of polymers, Types of Polymerization, bulk solution, suspension & emulsion, copolymers, vulcanization, PVC, Polyamides, Polyurethane, Polyethylene, Poly propylene, PET, Resins (Phenol Formaldehyde), PMMA, PAN, Rubber, Conducting and Biodegradable polymers, Pyroceramics, Toughened glass, Strengthening of glass, Refractories, Nano Composites, Protective Coatings, Fe, Al, Cu, Pb & Zn alloys, Organometallics & their applications.

UNIT – IV FUELS & COMBUSTION 8 L Classification of Fuels, calorific value of fuel, gross & net calorific value, determination of calorific value using Bomb calorimeter, Coal, Biomass and Biogas, Bio Fuel, Esterification & Transesterification,Introduction of Lubricants, Mechanism of Lubrication, Classification of Lubricant, Bio Lubricant, Flash and Fire Point, Pour Point, Cloud Point, Aniline point, Viscosity index. UNIT – V ANALYTICAL METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 7 L Titrimetric analysis with reference to acid-base, redox, precipitation and complexometric titrations. Elementary ideas and simple applications of UV, visible, mass and HNMR spectral techniques.

REFERENCE BOOKS

Engineering chemistry by Sivasankar, TMH, New Delhi.

Engineering Chemistry by H.K. Chopra & A. Parmar, Narosha Publishing House, New Delhi.

Engineering chemistry by Gurtu & Singhal, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut.

Engineering Chemistry by R.P. Mani & K.N. Mishra, Cengage learning India Pvt. Ltd. Delhi

Engineering Chemistry by Shashi Chawla, Dhanpat Rai & Co., New Delhi.

Physical Chemistry by Atkin‟s, Oxford University Press.


Organic Chemistry by Morrisson & Boyd, Pearson Publication.

Organic Chemistry by Loudon, Oxford University Press.

Concise Inorganic Chemistry by J.D. Lee, Wiley – India.

Chemistry concepts and applications by Steven S.Zumdahl from Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

ADVANCED TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION THM 101

UNIT 1 : TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION

1. Introduction to technical communication, types of technical communication, history of the development of technical communication. 2. Difference between general and technical communication, importance of technical communication. 3. Characteristic features of technical communication. Elements of style in technical communication. 4. Process of preparing a technical document. 5. Elements, features and objectives of scientific articles, research papers, dissertation and thesis. UNIT 2:-BUSINESS COMMUNICATION 1. Importance and Features of Business Communication 2. Business Correspondence – Principles, Features, Types, Format and layout of Business letter. 3. Types of Business Correspondence – letters of Enquiry, Quotation, Order, Instructions, Sales, Credit, Complaint, Collection etc. 4. Some more types of Business Correspondence -- Notice, Agenda, Minutes, Memorandum. 5. Job Application letters -- Covering letter, Resume, Bio-data and C.V. UNIT 3:- TECHNICAL PROPOSAL and TECHNICAL REPORT 1. Technical Proposal – Introduction, purpose, features, types, format, importance, process of preparation. Writing technical proposals. 2. Technical Report -- Features, Types, Style, Format, Relevance. Writing Technical Reports. UNIT 4:-LITERATURE 1. Critical reading and thematic, value-based study of the Novella, ‘Animal Farm’ by George Orwell. 2. Critical review, study of theme, plot, symbolism, characterization, style of writing etc. UNIT 5:- SOFT SKILLS This unit should be covered in classroom teaching as well as judicious use of language lab, There should be optimum use of software’s related to accent, presentation skills etc.) 1. Kinesics, Para language, Proxemics. 2. Presentation skills - Features, Types, Structure, Aids and Importance. 3. Interpersonal communication skills – Role of Personality and its various attributes like EQ, attitude, motivation, stress management and accepting criticism in determining efficacy of interpersonal communication. 4. Corporate communication skills – Role of business etiquette, conducting meetings,


managing conflict, negotiation, team spirit, decision-making, time management and problem solving skills. 5. Group Discussion skills - Features and Importance 6. Facing Interviews - Interview Tips. Practice of Soft Skills using Language Laboratory 1. Practicing the following modules through self-learning software: a. Pronunciation: of consonants, vowels, syllables and individual words b. Word Stress: based on accentual patterns c. Rhythm in speech based on content words and strong words d. Intonation: rising, falling and rising-falling tone e. Pause groups f. Presentation skills 2. Participating in Mock Interviews 3. Participating in Group Discussions 4. Giving Presentations keeping in mind Kinesics, Para language, and Proxemics 5. Participating in Role Play for enhancing interpersonal and corporate communication skills

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TME 101

Fundamental concepts & Definitions Definition of thermodynamics,system,surroundings& universe, phase, concept of quantinum,macroscopic microscopic approach,density,specificvolume,pressure,tempThermodyanamicequilibrium,property,state,path,process,cyclic process, work &heat, enthalpy. Laws of Thermodynamics Zeroth law, first law and second law ,carnot cycle,clauses inequality,cop of heat pump,heat engine and refrigerator ,concept of entropy,SFEE Properties of steam &Thermodyanamics cycle Properties of steam,use of property diagram,steam table,processes involving steam in pen and closed system,rankine cycle Introduction to I.C Engine,two stroke & four stroke S.I & C.I Engine,otto&diesel cycle Force System & Analysis Basic concept : laws of motion ,transfer of force to parallel position ,resultant of planar force system.free body diagrams,equilibrium and its equation. Friction:introduction,law of coulomb friction,equilibrium of bodies involving dry friction,belt friction Fundamental concepts & Definitions Definition of thermodynamics,system,surroundings& universe, phase, concept of quantinum,macroscopic microscopic approach,density,specificvolume,pressure,tempThermodyanamicequilibrium,property,state,path,process,cyclic process, work &heat, enthalpy. Laws of Thermodynamics


Zeroth law, first law and second law ,carnot cycle,clauses inequality,cop of heat pump,heat engine and refrigerator ,concept of entropy,SFEE Properties of steam &Thermodyanamics cycle Properties of steam,use of property diagram,steam table,processes involving steam in pen and closed system,rankine cycle Introduction to I.C Engine,two stroke & four stroke S.I & C.I Engine,otto&diesel cycle Force System & Analysis Basic concept : laws of motion ,transfer of force to parallel position ,resultant of planar force system.free body diagrams,equilibrium and its equation. Friction:introduction,law of coulomb friction,equilibrium of bodies involving dry friction,belt friction Structure Analysis Beams:Introduction,shear force and bending moment,shear force and bending moment diagram Trusses:introduction,simple trusses,determination of forces in simple trusses member,method of joint and section Stress and strain analysis Simple stress and strain Introduction,normal shear stress,stress strain diagram for ductile and brittle material,strain energy Compound stress and strain:introduction,principal stress and strain,mohrs circle Pure bending of beams:introduction,simple bending theory,stress in beams of different cross section Torsion:introduction,torsion of shaft of cicular section,torque and twist,shear stress due to torque

FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING (TEC 101) UNIT-1:Semiconductor materials and properties Group-IV materials, Covalent bond, electron-hole concepts Basic concepts of energy bands in materials, concepts of forbidden gap Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, donors and acceptors impurities UNIT-2: Junction diode and diode applications p-n junction, depletion layer, v- i characteristics, diode resistance, capacitance diode ratings ( average current, repetitive peak current, non-repetitive current, peak-inverse voltage). Diode Applications rectifiers (half wave and full wave), calculation of transformer utilisation factor and diode ratings, filter (C – filter), calculation of ripple factor and load regulation clipping circuits, clamping circuits, voltage multipliers UNIT-3 Breakdown diodes breakdown mechanisms (zener and avalanche), breakdown characteristics, zener resistance, zener diode ratings, zener diode application as shunt regulator UNIT-4 Bipolar Junction Transistor Basic construction, transistor action, CB, CE and CC configurations, input/output Characteristics, concept of Biasing of transistors-fixed bias, emitter bias, potential divider bias Transistor Amplifier 4L


Graphical analysis of CE amplifier, concept of voltage gain, current gain, h-parameter model (low frequency), computation of Ai, Av, Ri, RO of single transistor CE and CC amplifier configurations. Field Effect Transistor 6L JFET: Basic construction, transistor action, concept of pinch off, maximum drain saturation current, input and transfer characteristics, characteristics equation CG, CS and CD configurations, Introduction to self and fixed biasing MOSFFT: depletion and enhancement type MOSFET-construction, operation and characteristics. Computation of Av, Ri, Ro, of single FET amplifiers using all the three configurations Switching theory and logic design 4L Number systems, conversions of bases, Boolean algebra, logic gates, concept of universal gate,concept of K- Map Operational Amplifiers 4L Concept of ideal operational amplifiers, ideal op-amp parameters, inverting, non-inverting and unity gain amplifiers , adders, Reference Books:

1. Boylestad and Nashelsky, „erlectronic Decvices and circuits‟ PHI, 6e, 2001. 2. A Mottershead, „Electronic devices and circuits‟. PHI, 2000. 3. Morris Mano, „Digital Computer Design‟, PHI, 2003. 4. R.K. Singh & Ashish, Basic Electronics Engg. Laxmi Publication, 2007. 5. Milman & Halkias, Integrated electronics Electronics, PHI, 2005.

ENGINEERING DRAWING LAB (PED 101) L T P 0 0 2 1. Introduction Graphics as a tool to communicate ideas, Lettering and‟ dimensioning, Construction of geometrical figures like pentagon and hexagon. 2. Orthographic Projection Principles of orthographic projections, Principal and auxiliary planes, First and Third angle projections.Projection of points. Pictorial view.Projection of lines parallel to both the planes. Parallel to one and inclined to other, Inclined to both the planes. Application to practical problems.Projection of solid in simple position, Axis or slant edge inclined to one and parallel to other plane,Solids lying on a face or generator on a plane.Sectioning of solids lying in various positions, True shape of the section.Development of lateral surfaces, sheet metal drawing.


3. Isometric Projection Principles of isometric projection, Isometric projection using box and offset methods. References: 1. Bhatt. N.D.: Elementary Engineering Drawing, Charothar Publishing. 2. Laxmi Narayan V & Vaish W. : A Text Book of Practical Geometry on Geometrical drawing.

CHEMISTRY LAB (CPY 101)

L T P 0 0 2 LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Determination of alkalinity in the given water sample. 2. Determination of temporary & permanent hardness in water sample using

EDTA as standard solution. 3. Determination of available chlorine in bleaching powder. 4. Determination of chloride content in the given water sample by Mohr‟s method. 5. Determination of iron content in the given ore by using external indicator. 6. Determination of Acid & Base no. in lubricating oil by potentiometric method. 7. Determination of Equivalent weight of Iron by the chemical displacement

method.The equivalent weight of copper is 63.5 (Note : The procedure to be followed in carrying the above experiment is given as annexure)

8. Determination of viscosity index of lubricating oil. 9. Determination of iron concentration in sample of water by colorimetric method.

The method involves the use of KCNS as colour developing agent & the measurements are carried out at λmax 480nm.

Note : The general procedure of estimation is given on pp653-8 of the textbook Of Quantitative Chemical Analysis by A.I.Vogel 6th Edition, Publisher : Pearson Education Ltd.2000

10. Determination of heat of neutralization of Hydrochloric acid & Sodium hydroxide 11. Determination of flash & fire point of lubricating oil 12. Determination of Carbon residue of lubricating oil. 13. Determination of Sulphated ash of motor oil. 14. Determination of saponification value of lubricating oil & vegetable oil. 15. Separation of metal ions by paper chromatography.


Mechanical Engineering Lab PME 101


Question Bank

Fundamental of Basic Electronics- (TEC-101) Unit-1

1. With the help of Energy band diagram explains semiconductors, conductors and insulators.

2. Explain the intrinsic and extrinsic type semiconductors. Explain P-type and N type semiconductors in detail.

3. Explain graphically, why the energy levels of an atom become energy bands in a solid. Show the variation of energy levels with atomic distance.

4. A specimen of Ge (Germanium) at 300 Kelvin with carrier density 2.5x10 exp(3)/cm cube is doped with impurity such that there is one impurity in 10 exp (6) Ge atoms. All impure atoms are assumed to be ionized. The resistivity of doped material is 0.039 Ohm cm. carrier mobility is 3600 cm2 /Vs. for doped material .find the electron and hole densities.

5. Explain Donor (N-type), Acceptor (P-type) impurities with the help of Energy band diagram.

6. Explain the concentration of semiconductor material in case of (i) pure or intrinsic (ii) after doping or extrinsic (for P & N both).

7. A semiconductor is doped with both donors and acceptors of concentrations ND, NA respectively. What are the equations from which to determine electron and hole concentrations (n and p).

8. Explain the Conductivity, intrinsic concentration and energy gap of semiconductors. 9. The mobilities of free electrons and holes in a pure germanium are 0.38 and 0.18m2 /V-

s . Find the value of intrinsic conductivity. Assume ni = 2.5x1019 /m3 at room temperature.

10. A sample of silicon is doped with phosphorous to a density of 1021 /m3 as well as with boron to a density of 5 x 1020 /m3. What will be conductivity of the silicon sample? The electron mobility in silicon is 0.18 m2 / V-s.

11. Calculate the density of impurity atoms that must be added to an intrinsic silicon crystal to convert it to ( a.) 10-4 ohm m, N- TYPE silicon, (b) 10-4 ohm m, P-type silicon .The electron and hole mobilities for silicon are µe = 0.138 m2 / V-s. And µh = 0.046 m2 / V-s.

12. The resistivity of doped silicon material is 9 x 10-3 ohm m. The Hall coefficient is 3.6 x 10-4 m3 /C. Assuming carrier conduction, find the mobility and density of charge carriers. Given e = 1.6 x 10-19 .C

13. Calculate the conductivity of pure silicon at room temperature when the concentrations of carriers 1.6 x 1010 per cm3. Take µe = 1500 cm2 / V-s. And µh = 500 cm2 / V-s. At room temperature.

14. What is biasing? Explain the biasing methods of junction diode. 15. Explain the concept of forbidden energy gap in semiconductors. Write the value of it for

Si and Ge semiconductors. 16. Explain Drift, Diffusion and reverse saturation current in case of diode. 17. Define Diffusion and Transition Capacitance in case of p-n junction diode. 18. “The barrier Potential developed across an open circuit p-n junction aids the flow

of minority carriers” .Explain how the current due to this flow of charge carriers is counter balanced.


Unit-2 & 3

1. What do you mean by Breakdown in semi-conductors? Differentiate between Avalanche and Zener breakdown mechanism. What is the effect of increasing temperature on the breakdown voltage in each case?

2. Define the a. c. or dynamic forward resistance for a diode. Determine the a.c. resistance for a Si diode having forward bias of 200 mV and reverse saturation current of 1µA at room temperature.

3. What are Clipper and Clamper circuits? Draw the output waveform for positive and negative clippers if the input is sinusoidal. (b) Draw the V-I characteristics of a Zener diode and explain how does a Zener regulate a voltage? The input voltage for figure shown below varies from 35 - 45 V, Vz = 20 V, rz = 5 Ohm, IL (min) = 0 mA, IL (max) =10 mA,, IZ (max) = 400 mA . Find the value of RL , R and PZ(max) .

4. Explain the effect of temperature on a P-N junction diode (for both Si &Ge).in a Germenium diode, reverse saturation current is 6 µA. Calculate the forward current for forward voltage of 0.4 Vat room temperature of 300 k.

5. Define the followings w.r.t. diode (i)Diffusion capacitance(ii)transition capacitance(iii) d.c. or static forward resistance(iv) Reverse resistance(v)Knee voltage (vi)Peak inverse voltage (vii) Break down voltage.

6. Explain the break mechanism which occur in zener diode? 7. Explain the breakdown mechanism which occurs in Zener diode. 8. A full wave rectifier with centre tapped transformer supplies DC current of 100mA to a

load of 20 ohms. Secondary resistance of transformer is 1ohms each diode has forward resistance of 0.5 ohms. Find:

i. RMS of signal voltage across each half of secondary. ii. DC power to load. iii. PIV of each diode. iv. AC input to rectifier. v. Conversion efficiency.

9. Determine the rating of a transformer secondary to deliver a 100W of dc power to a Load under full wave and half – wave rectifiers.

10. What are clipping circuits? Draw the output waveform for positive and negative clippers if the input is sinusoidal. Also explain the operation of combinational clipper for a square input.

11. Draw the circuit of a half wave rectifier and explain its working with necessary waveforms. Derive the expression for Idc and efficiency. What are the merits of HWR.

12. What are multipliers circuits? Explain and draw the circuit required for obtaining an output voltage 10 times that of applied input voltage.

13. Draw the V-I characteristics of a zener diode and explain how does a zener regulate a voltage.

14. In a bridge rectifier, the input is from 230V,50 Hz main. Calculate DC output voltage. 15. Explain the principle of working of a shunt capacitor filter. Will you prefer a high value

capacitor or a low value capacitor ?What is the factor that limits the maximum value of the capacitor used?

16. Explain the working of a choke- input filter. 17. Draw the circuit diagram of full wave of voltage doupler and explain its working. 18. What is meant by breakdown ? Explain the various types of breakdown phenomenon. 19. Explain in detail the hall effect and derive the expression for the hall coefficient.


20. What is a limiter circuit? How is it used in protecting sensitive instruments? 21. Draw the Volt – ampere characteristics of a semiconductor diode, marking the cut in

voltage. Give the diode current equation. Mention typical values of cutin voltage for Germanium and Silicon diode.

22. With a neat diagram, explain the operation of a capacitor filter, 23. In a bridge rectifier, the input is from 230V,50 Hz main. Calculate DC output voltage. 24. What is zener diode? How does it differ from an ordinary small signal diode. 25. Does a zener voltage regulator circuit also reduces ripples? If , yes How? 26. Expain how a zener diode is used in a voltage regulator circuit. 27. Why a clipper circuit called a wave shapping circuit? 28. Explain the operation of BJT as an amplifier? Also explain in detail the various possible

combinations of BJT amplifiers with their corresponding input and output characteristic curvaes.

29. What are various possible biasing configurations in BJT? Explain in detail the potential divider biasing and compare it with other biasing with reference to the stability factor.

30. Prove that the most favorable position for the quiescent point is at the midpoint of the load line in a BJT amplifier.

31. Draw and explain the input output characteristic of BJT in CE configuration, indicating the operating regions. Derive the relationship between α ,β and γ.

32. Explain why common emitter configuration is most widely used in amplifier circuits. 33. Show that the operating point in voltage divider biasing circuit is independent of β0. 34. Explain the need of biasing a transistor. 35. A step up transformer increase the voltage level of an ac signal .this is also achieved by

an electronic amplifier using a transistor. Explain the difference between these two process.

36. Briefly explain the following terms in connection with a transistor amplifier. i. Voltage gain (AV) ii. Current gain (AI ) iii. Power gain (AP) iv. Input resistance (RI) v. Out put resistance (RO )

37. Explain why it is necessary to first do the dc analysis and then ac analylsis of an amplifier. 38. Explain why the capacitor is connected across the resister RE in a transistor. 39. Draw the circuit diagram of a simple common emitter amplifier. Write the equation of the dc load line. 40. Draw the circuit diagram of a practical BJT amplifier using potential divider biasing arrangement. 41. Explain why bias stabilization is needed in a transistor amplifier circuit. 42. Explain why in the active operation ,the base current IB is much smaller than IC , OR IE 43. What do you understand by “ THERMAL RUNAWAY” ? 44. What is transistor? What is the difference between NPN and PNP trainsistor ? 45. Draw the circuit diagram of simple voltage regulator circuit using a zener diode. 46. Explain its voltage regulating capability when i. the load resistance increases ii. the input voltage decreases.

UNIT-4 1. Determine pinch off voltage, amplification voltage and drain resistance of FET. Explain the volt


ampere characteristics of FET. Using suitable circuit arrangement, derive the relationship μ= rd x

gm.

2. What is significant difference between the construction of an enhancement type MOSFET ? Explain with suitable diagram.

3. Differentiate between BJT and FET . What are the advantages of the FET over a conventional BJT.

4. Draw the ac equivalent circuit of a common source amplifier, and find the expression for voltage gain.

5. With suitable explanation discuss the difference between the enhancement and depletion type MOSFET. Also Draw the characteristic and transfer characteristic curves.

6. Explain in detail the construction and operation of FET. Also draw the small signal model for the FET.

7. Write the difference between BJT and FET. 8. Write the difference between MOSFET and JFET. 9. What are the types of MOSFET ? How do they differ in their structure.

10. IN What respect, FET is than BJT. 11. Explain the construction and working of a JFET. 12. Calculate the value of gm for a JFET device having I DSS = 12 Ma and Vp = -3V When

operated at a dc bias point of VGS = -1 V. 13. An N- channel JFET has a pinch off voltage VP = -4.5 V. and IDSS = 9 Ma . if the gate to

source voltage VGS is made -2V., Find the drain to source voltage VDS at which pinch off occurs. Also calculate the saturation drain current.

14. An N-channel DE MOSFET has IDSS = 18 ma. And Vp =-5V. Assuming that it is working in saturation (active) region, find ID when a) VGS = -3V b) VGS = +2.5 V.

15. Explain How MOSFET are better than JFET?

Unit-5

1. Simplify the following Boolean function in POS form: F (A, B, C, D) = ∏M (0, 1, 5, 8, 9, 10 )

Also find the SOP form for the above simplified expression. 2. Simply F(A, B, C, D) = A.B.C + B.C.D + A.C‟.D + A‟.B + A. using K-map. Also find the

POS form for the above simplified expression. 3. Explain in detail the characteristics of Ideal Op amp. Derive the closed loop gain factor

for an inverting and non inverting amplifier. 4. Minimize the four variables logic function using K map

F (A, B, C, D) = ∑m (0, 1, 5, 9, 13, 14, 15) + d (3, 4, 7, 10, 11) Also find the POS form for the above simplified expression.

5. Perform the following conversions: i. (1 B E)16 = ( )8 ii. (6 7 6)8 = ( )2 iii. (3 2 1)4 = ( )10 iv. (10101.001)2 = ( )8

6. Minimize the following Boolean function using K-map

F ( A, B, C, D) = A‟ (B‟ .C + B. C‟ + B.C.D) + B‟.D‟ (C +A) d = A.B (C‟ . D + C.D‟) + A. C. D Also find the POS form for the above simplified expression.


7. Minimize the following Boolean function using K-map

F (A, B, C, D) = (A + B + C‟ ) . (B ‟+ C). (B‟ + C‟ + D‟). (B + D + C +A) d = ( A‟ +B‟ +C + D‟). (C‟ + D). ( A‟ + C‟ + D‟) Also find the SOP form for the above simplified expression.

8. Perform the following Arithmetic operations without converting to decimal numbers: i. (4F3A)16 + (23C1)16 and Also (4F3A)16 - (23C1)16 ii. (7571)8 + (4176)8 and Also (7571)8 - (4176)8 iii. (432)5 + (013)5 and Also (432)5 - (013)5 iv. (323)4 + (233)4 and Also (323)4 - (233)4

12. Perform the following Arithmetic operations without converting to decimal numbers:

i. (7571)10 - (4176)10 by using 10‟s Complement and 9‟s Complement ii. (1110)2 - (1011)2 by using 2‟s Complement and 1‟s Complement

13. List any five ideal characteristics of an operational amplifier. Also define the following terms

i. CMRR ii. Slew Rate iii. PSRR iv. Input offset voltage

14. List characteristics of an ideal op amp. 15. Define the terms slew rate and CMRR of an opamp and mention their typical values for

741 op-amp. 16. Explain how op-amp can be configured as an adder and integrator? Obtain the output

expressions for both. 17. Explain an op-amp follower. What are its special features and where it is used? 18. Explain with the help of a neatly labeled circuit diagram, how an OP AMP can be used

as (i) differentiator & Integrator (ii) Adder & Subtractor 19. Derive an expression for voltage gain in case of inverting & non-inverting OP AMP. 20. Define for an op-amp (a) CMRR (b) output offset voltage (c) slew rate (d) virtual ground

(e) input bias current. 21. State and prove De Morgan‟s theorem for two variables. 22. Mention at least five parameters expected of an operational amplifier? What their ideal

expected values? What are their practical values for a 741 op-amp . 23. What is an operational amplifier? Draw its block diagram and explain briefly the function

of each block. 24. State some applications of op- amps. 25. Perform the following conversion.

i. (1BE)16 = ( )16

ii. (676)8 = ( )2

26. Add and subtract the following numbers without converting to decimal numbers (4F3A)16 and (23C1)16.

27. Simplify the Boolean expression F = (A + E + C) (A+ B+C)(A+E) . Realize the simplified expression using only NAND gates.


28. Write the truth table of an Ex-OR function and realize this using only NAND gates. 29. Use 2‟s complement to perform

a) (1111 – 1101) b) (10111 – 10011) c) (1101 – 1001) 30. Carry out subtraction using 1‟s complement for (101101 – 11001). 31. Subtract 85 from 34 using 10‟s complement method. 32. Perform the following operations: Convert

(125)8 to binary (1C00)16 to decimal (8000)10 to hexadecimal

33. Convert: (i) 532.65)10 = ( ? )16 = ( ? )2 (ii) (ABCD)16 = ( ? )2 = ( ? )8

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING UNIT-1

Q State First Law of thermodynamic & Second law of thermodynamic

Q Write Vander Wall‟s equation with the meaning of different symbol

Q. Define the following 1.Themal reservoir 2. heat engine 3.heat pump

Q. Write difference between microscopic & macroscopic point of view with example

Q .Define &explain zeroth law of thermodynamics

Q .Explain the following 1.thermodyanamic equilibrium 2. Quasistatic

process3.clausis inequality

Q Explain the term entropy

Q .Derive General Energy equation for steady flow

Q What do u mean by property .Distinguish between intensive & extensive property

Q Describe the Carnot cycle with the help of PV & TS Diagram

Q Define and explain the following Path, process & thermodynamic cycle Q How r real gases different from ideal gases Q Differentiate between reversible &irreversible process Q What is concept of quantinum? explain with a neat sketch?


Q .Define the term

1. System 2. Surrounding 3. Boundary 4. Isolated system 5. Universe Q. Define efficiency of a heat engine, COP of refrigerator, COP of a heat pump and show

that (COP)H.P=1+(COP)Ref

Q Write short notes on the following 1. Isobaric 2. Isochoric 3. Isothermal 4. Adiabatic

Q: A vacuum gauge measures vacuum of 57 kn/m2 , while the barometric reading is 765 mm of HG. Find the absolute pressure in mm of HG. Q: A u-tube manometer using mercury shows that gas pressure inside a tank is 30 cm. Calculate the gauge pressure of the gas inside the vessel. (g = 9.78 m/s 2 , density of mercury = 13550 kg/m 3 ). Q: A gas undergoes a reversible non-flow process according to the relation p = (-3v+15) where v is the volume in m3 and p is the pressure in bar. Determine the work done when the volume changes from 3 to 6 m3 . Q: A mass of a gas is compressed in qusi-static process from 80 kpa, 0.1 m3 to 0.4 mpa, 0.03 m3 . Assume that the pressure and volume are related by pvn = constant find the work done by the system .

Q A vessel of cylindrical shape 40 cm diameter and 60 cm height contains 3kg gas .the pressure gauge mounted on the Vessel indicates 600mm of mercury if the barometer reading is 750mm of mercury calculate the absolute pressure of Gas, Density &specific volume of gas

Q A u tube mercury manometer has been employed to measure the pressure of the gas flowing through pipeline. One Limb of manometer communicates with the gas pressure and the other limb is open to atmosphere. If the difference in Level of mercury in the two limbs is 40 cm determine the gas pressure and express it in kpa, bar&atm the barometer Reads 750mm of mercury?

Q Anew a temperature scale in degree N is desired with freezing point at 100o N and the boiling point at 400oN Establish a correlation between the degree Celsius and degrees N what will be the absolute temperature at 0oN? Q Consider a gas enclosed in a piston cylinder arrangement the gas is initially at 150Kpa and occupies a volume of 0.03 m3 the gas is now heated till volume of gas increase to


0.1m3Calculate the work done by the gas if volume of the Gas is inversely proportional to the pressure?

Q At the inlet of a nozzle the fluid parameters are enthalpy =2850kj/kg velocity 50m/s area 0.1m2 specific volume 0.18m3/kg at the discharge end the enthalpy is 2650kj/kg specific volume is 0.49m3/kg calculate velocity of fluid at exit From the nozzle mass flow rate of fluid & exit area of nozzle the nozzle is horizontal and there is negligible heat loss?

Q A heat engine produce work equivalent to 80KW with efficiency of 40% determine the heat transfer rate to and from the working fluid ?

Q A heat engine develops 10KW power when receiving heat at the rate of 2250kj/min

evaluate the corresponding Rate of heat rejection from the engine and its thermal efficiency? Q A domestic food refrigerator maintains a temperature of -100C .while the ambient air temperature is -300C.The heat Leakage into the freezer is estimated to be at continuous rate of 2kj/s. determine the least power needed to pump out This Heat continuously? Q An engine working on carnot cycle absorbs Q1 units of heat from a source at T1 and

rejects Q2 units of heat to a sink at T2 because of imperfect heat transfer the maximum Ө1 and minimum Ө2 absolute temperature attained During cycle are given by Ө1=T1-KQ1 and Ө2=T2+KQ2Where K is constant show that efficiency of the plant is given by Efficiency = 1 –( T2/T1 – 2KQ1)?

Q A reversible heat engine receive from two thermal reservoir maintain at constant temperature of 750K and 500K.Engine develops 100KW and rejects 3600KJ/min of heat to sink at 250K find thermal efficiency of heat Engine and supplied heat by each reservoir ?

Q A Heat engine working on carnot cycle absorbs heat from thermal reservoirs at

1000K,800K,600K the Engine develop 10KW work and rejects 400KJ/min of heat to sink at 300K.if the heat supplied by the Reservoir at 1000K is 60% of the heat supplied by the reservoir at 600K find quantity of heat absorb by reservoirs?

Q Three Carnot engines E1, E2, E3 operates between 1000K and 300K find intermediate temperature if work produce by engine in 4:3:2 ratio? Q A reversible heat engine operates between 875K and 310K and drives a reversible refrigerator operating between 310K, 255k engine receives 2000KJ heat and net work output from the arrangement is 350KJ make calculation for the cooling effect?

Q: A pump discharge a liquid into a drum at the rate of 0.032 m3 /s. The drum 1.50 m in diameter and 4.20 m in length , can hold 3500 kg of liquid . find the density of the liquid and mass flow rate of the liquid handeled by the pump.? Q: Determine the molecular weight of a gas if its two specific heats are: cp = 2.286 kj/kgk and cv = 1.768 kj/kgk. Gas constant = 8.3143 kj/kg.mol.


Q: A mass of 1.5 kg of air is compressed in a quasi-static process from 1.1 bar to 10 bar according to the law pv1.25 = constant when v is specific volume the initial density of air is 1.2 kg/ m3 find the work involved in the compression process.?

UNIT-2

Q. Compare 2-stroke &4-stroke IC Engine? Q Differentiate between CI & SI Engine ? Q What is CI Engine? Why it has more compression ratio compare to SI Engine?

Q Explain the working of 4-stroke SI Engine? Q Explain the working of 2-stroke SI Engine?

Q What is difference between Otto & diesel cycle? Explain in PV diagram? Q Explain the Working of throttling calorimeter? Q Discuss the generation of steam at const pressure & show its various processes?

Q Define the following 1. Stroke 2. Clearance Volume 3. Compression ratio 4. Swept volume 5. BDC&TD Q Write a short note on latent heat & sensible heat? Q Explain Rankine cycle? explain with a neat sketch?

Q Write a short note on following? 1 dryness fraction measurement

2 mean effective pressure

Q Write the difference between wet, dry saturated & saturated steam ?

Q Define following 1. Saturation state 2. Triple point 3. Critical point 4. Compressed or Super cooled liquid


Q The following data pertains to Roll‟s Roy marline engine cylindrical bore 13.7 cm stroke length 13 cm clearance Volume 280 cm3 find swept volume, clearance volume, compression ratio & air standard efficiency of Otto cycle?

Q a pressure cooker contains 2kg of steam at 5 bars and .9 dryness fraction find quantity

steam which must beTransfer so as quality of steam becomes 60% dry calculate pressure and temperature of the steam that exist in the

Cooker after the heat rejection?

Q In an air standard Otto cycle the temperature at the end of compression stroke is 650K &maximum cycle Temperature Is 2400K if the engine delivers 700 KJ/kg of net work find thermal efficiency & compression ratio of the Engine?

Q An engine working on diesel engine has compression ratio of 15 & fuel supply is cut off at 8% of stroke if engine has relative efficiency of 50% determine the fuel consumption per KW hour assume the fuel; of calorific value of 42000KJ/kg ? Q A 4 stroke engine working on diesel cycle has a piston diameter of 25cm, stroke of 40cm and clearance volume of 1200cc.the fuel injection takes place for 5% of stroke if the indication pressure is 1 bar and engine turns 5 rev/sec Find air standard efficiency, mep, power developed? Q the following particular refer to German Mercedes car operating on 4 stroke in line diesel

engine cycle Compression ratio 21:1, expansion ratio 12.5:1.find cut off ratio and air standard efficiency? Q an engine working on Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 6:1 if specific heat at constant volume increases By 1% determine change in thermal efficiency?

Q calculate the dryness fraction of steam which has 1.25kg of water in suspension with

40kg of steam? Q using steam table determine the mean specific heat for superheated steam at 1 bar and

between 150C & 200C? Q A spherical shell of 30 cm in radius contains saturated steam and water at 300C

calculate mass of heat if There volumes are equal? Q Determine the enthalpy, volume, internal energy, entropy of superheated steam at

15bar and 220C, neglect Volume of water and take specific heat of superheat equal to 2.2KJ/KgK?

Q wet steam at 1.5 bars and .8 dry occupies a volume of .05m3 in a cylinder where

compression takes place so That pv=constant until the volume has fallen to one-fifth of the original volume determine the work and heat Transfer and final condition of steam.

UNIT-3


Q Derive an expression for the minimum and maximum force which keep the body in equilibrium when the Force applied parallel to the plane .?

Q Explain lami‟s theorem? Q Explain Newton first, second third law of motion? Q Explain D‟Alemberts principle? Q Explain coulombs law of friction ? Q ”Any system of coplanar can be reduced to a force couple system at any arbitrary point”

Explain above statement With suitable example ? Q Explain polygon law of forces, Cone of friction, principle of transmissibility of a force,

law of static friction? Q Determine reaction at A and B

Q Determine the reaction at support point A and B

Q Make calculation for the magnitude position and direction of the resultant

20KN/

m

20 KN 20 KN

3 m 3 m 3 m 3 m

C B

A

2 m 2 m 3 m 1.0 m

20KN

30o

10 KN/m 20KN/m

20KN 10KN

A

C D B E


Q A weight of 3000 N supported by two chain AC and BC determine the tension in each chain?

Q Derive an expression for the minimum and maximum force which keep the body in

equilibrium when theForce applied an angle Ө to the plane? Q Derive an expression for the minimum and maximum force which keep the body in

equilibrium when the Force applied horizontal to the plane? Q A uniform ladder of weight 250N and length 5m is placed against a vertical wall where

its inclination to theVertical is 30o A man weight 800N climbs a ladder at what position will he induced slipping? µ =0.2 at both the

Contact surfaces of the ladder? Q Two blocks A and B of weight 500KN and 300KN respectively are in equilibrium

position as shown .presuming That coefficient of friction between the two blocks as well as between block and floor is 0.3 make calculation For the P required to move the block A?

W=3000 N

T1 T2

A B

C

Angle CBA=60

Angle CAB=30

2 m 2 m 2 m

90 60

45 30

o


Q A uniform ladder of length 10m and weighing 20m is placed against a smooth vertical

wall with its lowerend 8m away from the wall. if the ladder is just to sleep, determine (a)the co-efficient of friction between the ladder And floor (b)the frictional force acting on the ladder at the point of contact between ladder and floor?

Q A flat belt running on a pulley 1m in diameter is to transmit 7.5kw power at a speed of

200rev/min.The Angle of embrace of belt and pulley is 170 degree and coefficient of friction between the belt and pulley is .25 If the pull in belt is not to exceed 200/cm.determine the width of belt?

Q Two blocks of weight 150N and 70N and connected by a cord rest on two inclined plane

as shown Determine the maximum tension in the cord when limiting condition develop for both the blocks?

UNIT-4

Q what do you understand by point load, udl, and varying load?

Q define truss and differentiate between perfect, deficient and redundant truss?

fi

xe

d

A

B

3

3

3

0

0

n

p

W1=70N W2=150N

µ=0.25 µ=0.12

30O

45O

A B

C


Q what are basic assumption taken in true truss analysis?

Q define a beam and classify different types of beams on the basis of support conditions and loadings?.

Q What do you understand by shear force and bending moment and what is their

importance in beam design? What do you Understand by statically determinate beam? Q Draw SFD and BMD for the following problems?

3 m 3 m 3 m

50

KN 20kn/m

KN

A B

C D 10kn/m

KN

20 KN/m

30 KN

3 m 3m

10 KN m

A

B C

3 m 10 m

20KN 30KN

20KN/m

A

B

C


Q6 Determine the forces in the members of following trusses ?

2KN

A

1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m

5 KN/m

20 KNm

B

C D

E

4KN

60o 30

o

50KN

10

m

A

B

C


UNIT-5

Q Differentiate between tensile & compressive stress with diagram? Q Derive relation between Elastic constants E, C&K?

Q What is Mohr‟s Circle & explain the construction of Mohr‟s circle and how will u find

major, minor principle Stress, maxm principle shear stress ?.

Q Derive section modulus & polar modulus for circular section, Rectangular section?

Q Explain the following 1. Strain energy 2. Ductile & Brittle Material 3. Poisson‟s Ratio 4. Impact loading 5. Principal stress & principle plane 6. Shear strain

Q What do u mean by simple bending? What assumptions r made in simple bending stress

analysis? Q Derive an expression for shear stress in a shaft subjected to a torque?

Q Difine hook‟s law? Explain with an suitable example?

Q Explain the stress strain diagram for mild steel?

Q Define proof stress, resilience, and modulus of rigidity & shear strain?

3 m 3 m

10KN 20 KN

A

B

C

D E

All the

angles are

60 o each


Q Write a short note on combined bending & twisting with derivation? Q Derive bending & torsion equation? Q Explain perpendicular and parallel axis theorem? Q Derive an expression for extension in taper bar? Q Compare the ratio of torque of hollow and solid circular shaft by strength and by weight

? Q Derive an expression for a twist in a shaft of varying diameter? Q Draw Mohr‟s circle for two perpendicular direct stresses ? Q Derive section modulus equation for following section 1 beam of rectangular section, hollow rectangular 2 circular section , hollow circular Section? Q A tension test bar is found to taper from (D+a) diameter to (D-a) diameter Show that the error involved in using mean diameter to calculate Young‟s Modulus of elasticity is (10a/D)2

%? Q A bar 2cm x 4cm in cross section and 40cm long is subjected to radial tensile load of 70KN its length increase by 0.176mm and lateral Dimension of 4cm decreases by 0.0044mm Find a) Young‟s modulus b) Poisson‟s ratio c)change in volume of bar d)Bulk modulus ? Q A vertical circular copper bar 20mm diameter and 3m long carries a tensile load of 200KN calculate elongation ,decrease in diameter and Volumetric strain. Take E=105N/mm2, poission‟s ratio=0.25? Q Determine the least radius to which steel bar 100 mm wide and 10mm thick can be bent if the maximum allowable bending stress is 500N/mm2 for steel E=2 x 105 N/mm2 ? Q A hollow circular bar having outside diameter twice the inside diameter is used as a beam subjected to a bending moment 50kNm.determine Inside diameter of the bar if the allowable bending stress is limited to 100MN/m2 Q The moment of inertia of a beam section 50cm deep is 69490cm4 find the longest span over which a beam of this section, when simply Supported could carry a uniformly distributed load of 50KN per meter run. The maximum Flange stress in the material is not to exceed 110N/mm2


Q Determine the ratio of weight of two beams of the same material and of equal strength one being of circular solid section and the other one Is hollow circular section with external diameter is twice the internal diameter?

Q A a point in a material component σx=60MN/m2 tensile σy=10MN/m2 compressive τ=20MN/m2 use Mohr‟s circle to determine

1.The plane on which shear stress is maximum 2.Principal plane Q The stresses on two mutually perpendicular planes are 40N/mm2 tensile&20N/mm2 tensile the shear stress across these planes is 10N/mm2 Determine by Mohr‟s circle method the magnitude and direction of resultant stress on a plane making an angle of 30o with the plane of first Stress compare this with analytical result? Q A solid shaft is subjected a bending moment of 2.5 KN and a twisting moment of 3.5 KN-m if the permissible tensile and shear stress for The shaft material are limited to 700 and 420 MN/m2 Calculate diameter of shaft? Q: A metallic rectangular rod 1.5 m long and 40 mm wide and 25 mm thick is subjected to

an axial tensile load of 120 kn . the alongation of the rod is measured as 0.9 .calculate the stress strain and the modulus of ilasticity.?

UNIT- I General & Organic Chemistry

1. What is Valence Bond Theory? Describe the formation of Sigma & pi ()

bonds?

2. What is hydrogen bonding? Describe Intramolecular and Intermolecular

hydrogen bonding with example?

3. Describe the Shapes, angels of following molecules

(a) CH4 (b) NH3 (c) H2O

4. With the help of MO diagram explain why CO+ has shorter bond length the

CO.

5. Describe the consequences (outcomes) of hydrogen bonding in terms of

B.P., M.P, and solubility, Viscosity, Acidity and Basicity?


6. Describe the salient feature of Molecular Orbital theory and write the

difference between the V.B.T and M.O.T.?

7. What are the bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals?

8. Draw the molecular orbital picture of diatomic molecules with their bond

order and magnetic property and bond lengths?

(i) H2, H+

2, H-2

(ii) He2, He+2, He-

2

(iii) Li2 , Li+2, Li-2

(iv) B2, C2, N2

(v) O2 , O+

2, O-2

(vi) NO , NO+, NO-

(vii) CN , CN+, CN-

(viii) CO , HF , F2

9. Why do nitro compounds have high boiling points in comparison with other

compounds of same molecular mass?

10. Write / Difference between the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution

(SN1 & SN2) reactions ?

11. Describe sp3, sp2 and sp hybridization or organic compounds with suitable

examples?

12. What is metallic bonding? Explain it on the basis of MOT.

13. Write the applications of band theory of metals? How does this theory

explains (a) Electrical Conduction (b) Thermal Conduction (c) Metallic

Luster

14. Describe an Insulator, Semiconductor and conductor based on Band

theory?

15. What are liquid crystals? What are the types of liquid crystals and

classification of thermo tropic liquid crystals?

16. Describe a few applications of liquid crystals?

17. Describe the Bragg‟s Law? Relate the Bragg‟s Equation with miller indices

of plane?

18. The first order reflection from (200) planes of Nacl using - Ray of = 58.0

pm K line of palladium occur at an angel of 5.9 calculate

(i) Edge length of unit cell


(ii) Volume of the unit cell

(iii) Molar Volume

(iv) Density of sodium chloride

19. Write short notes on fullerenes (C60) & (C70).

20. Describe the preparation of fullerenes.

21. Describe the applications fullerenes?

22. Describe the Homolytic and Heterolytic bond fission of organic compounds?

23. What are nucleophiles, electrophiles, acids, bases, carbocations,

carbenions, free radicals? Describe with example?

24. Write short notes with examples on followings

(i) Inductive Effect (ii) Electrometric effective (iii) Mesomeric effect (+) M

and (-) M (iv) Resonance effect (v) Hyper conjunction (vi) Conjugation.

25. What are reactive intermediate? Describe the following with examples

(i) Carbocations (ii) Carbanions (iii) free radicals (iv) Carbeens (v) Nitrenes

(vi) Yilids.

26. Write short notes on following name reactions with examples & mechanism

(i) Cannizzaro‟s reaction (ii) Aldol condensation (iii) Pinnacol- pinnacolon

(iv) Beckman‟s rearrangement (v) Hoffman‟s rearrangement.

27. Write short notes on following topics

(i) Optical Activity

(ii) Enantiomers

(iii) Racemic mixture

(iv) Diastereomers.

28. Describe the geometry of XeO2 molecule on the basis of VSPER Theory?

29. Write short notes with example on the followings

(i) E- Z nomenclature (ii) R-S configuration.

30. Explain the following order of stability of following reactive intermediate.

(i) CH+3 < RCH+

2 < R2 CH+ < R3 C+

(ii) CH-3 > RCH-

2 > R2CH- > R3C-

(iii) CH3. < RCH2

. <R2CH. <R3C. < Ph–CH2

.

31. Draw the P.E. Diagram for the various conformations of n-butane?

32. Distinguish between Nematic and Smectic liquid Crystals?


UNIT II PHYSICAL & WATER CHEMISTRY

1) What is rate law? Define it with suitable example?

2) What is order of reaction?

3) Define molecularity of a reaction?

4) Differentiate between order and molecularity?

5) Derive the integrated rate law and give examples of followings:

Zero order kinetics, First order kinetics, Second order kinetics

6) What is half- life? Compute the mathematical equation for followings:

Zero order, First order, Second order kinetics

7) Define steady state approximation for a consecutive reaction of following

type

k1 k′1

A → B → C

Where k′1 >> k and k1 >> k1′. Explain it graphically.

8) What is activation energy of a reaction? Is activation energy related with

rate constant of the reaction?

9) Show that the time required to complete 99.9% of a first order reaction is

about 10 times of its half reaction?

10) A solution of H2O2 when titrated against KMnO4 solution at different time

Intervals gave the following results:

T minutes 0 10 20

Vol. of KMnO4 used for10 23.8mL 14.7mL 9.1mL

mL.H2SO4

Show that the decomposition of H2O2 is a first order reaction.

11) A reaction that is of first order with respect to reactant A has a rate constant

6

min-1 if we start with [A]= 5.0 mol L-1 when would [A] reach at the value of

0.05mol L-1

12) In the decomposition of N2O5 at 318 K according to the equation

2 N2O5 (g) → 4 NO2 (s) + O2 (s)

The following concentration data were obtained


t / sec 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

N2O5 mol dm-3 2.50 22.3 1.98 1.74 1.52 1.34 12.0

Answer the following:

(i) What is the order of the reaction?

(ii) What is the rate constant of the reaction?

(iii) What is the rate of the reaction at t= 500 s-1?

(iv) What will be the concentration of N2O5 at 2000s?

(v)What is the average rate over period 0 to 200s?

13)Calculate the half life period of a first order reaction where the specific rate

constant is (i) 200 s-1 (ii) 2 min-1 (iii) 5 year-1 .

14) Hydrolysis of ethyl acetate by NaOH was studied by titrating 25.0 ml of the

reaction mixture at different time intervals against standard acid. From the

data

given below, establish that this is a second order reaction:

t (min.) 0.0 5.0 15.0 25.0

mL of acid used 16 10.24 6.13 4.32

15) The rate of a reaction triples when temperatures changes from 25°c to 50°

C.

Calculate the energy of activation for such a reaction.

16) The rate constant of a reaction is 2×10-2 s-1 at 300K and 8×10-2s-1 at 340k.

Calculate the energy of

activation of the reaction.

17) Define pH? Give mathematical expression for a weak acid and weak base,

strong acid and strong base.

18) What is solubility product? Define a mathematical equation for a salt?

19) Calculate the pH of a solution 0.1mol dm-3 HCl solution?

20) What is the pH of (i) 1.0 mol dm-3 (ii)0.01 mol dm-3 solution of Acetic acid

Ka = 1.85×10-4 mol dm-3.

21) Calculate the pH of a solution made by adding 0.001 mole of NaOH to

100 cm3 of a solution which is 5.0 moldm-3 in acetic acid and 5.0 mol dm-3

in CH3COONa (sodium Acetate)?

22) Calculate the potential of the cell:


Cr/Cr3+ (0.1m) ║ Fe2+ (0.1m) / Fe

Given E° Cr 3+/Cr = -0.74 V E° Fe

2+/ Fe = - 0.44V

23) Determine the concentration of Cd2+ ions in the following electrochemical

cell.

Zn/Zn2+(0.1) ║ Cd2+

(xm) │ Cd

E°Zn2+/Zn =-0.76V E°Cd

2+/Cd = -0.40V and Ecell =0.3305V at 298K.

24) Calculate the equilibrium constant of the reaction:

Fe2+ + Ag+ → Fe3+ + Ag3 at 25° C, if

E° Fe3+

/ Fe 2+ = 0.77 V & E° Ag

+/ Ag = 0.80 V

.25) Write short notes on

i) Liquid junction potential

ii) Kohlraush‟s law

iii) Transport no.

iv) Nerest distribution law

26) Define corrosion and their types.

27) Write the difference between chemical corrosion and electrochemical

corrosions.

28) Describe with mechanism the theory of electrochemical corrosions.

29) Write short notes on the various methods for protection of corrosions.

30) Define the hardness of water and their types? Why the hardness is

expressed in terms of CaCO3 equivalents?

44) Write in short on following water softening methods:

Zeolite process, Ion exchange process, Reverse Osmosis, Lime soda

process, Calgon process.

45) State the importance of Boiler fed water treatment processes.

46) What are the various units of hardness?

47) Write the advantages and disadvantages of lime Soda process.

48) Write the advantages of hot lime soda process.

49) Define scale and sludge formation and caustic embitterment due to hard

water.


50) Calculate the quantity of lime and soda required for softening 50,000L of

water containing the following salts per liter:

Ca(HCO3) =9.2mg Mg(HCO3)2 =7.9mg CaSO4 =15.3mg MgSO4

=15.0mg

MgCl2 =3.0mg and NaCl =4.3mg.

54) Calculate the amount of lime (92% pure) and soda (98% pure) required for

treatment of 30,000L of

water whose analysis is as follows:

Ca (HCO3)2 =40.5ppm Mg (HCO3)2 =36.5ppm MgSO4 =30.0ppm

CaSO4 =34.0ppm CaCl2 =27.75ppm and NaCl =10.0ppm.

51) A Zeolite softener was 95% exhausted, when 10,000L of hard water was

passed through it. The softener required 150L of NaCl solution of strength

50g NaCl/L of solution to regenerate. What is the hardness of water?

52) A Zeolite softener was completely exhausted and then regenerated by7

passing 200L of NaCl solution containing 100g/ of NaCl. How many liters of a

sample of water of hardness 500ppm can be softened by the softener?

53) A sample of water on analysis was found to contain the following impurities in

mg/l:

Impurity Ca (HCO3)2 Mg (HCO3)2 Ca (SO4) Mg (SO4)

Quantity 10 8.5 12.0 14.0

Mol. Wt. 162 146 36 120

Calculate the temporary, permanent and total hardness of water in mg /l.

58) A sample of water is found to contain 40.5mg/l Ca (HCO3)2, 46.5mg/l Mg

(HCO3)2, 27.6mg/l

Mg (SO4), 32.1mg/l Ca (SO4) and 22.45mg/l CaCl2. Calculate the total

hardness of water.

59) Derive Henderson‟s equation for acidic buffer solution.

UNIT-III MATERIAL SCIENCE (CHEMISTRY OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS)

1) Write the molecular structure of the monomers of the following polymers:

(i) PVC

(ii) Polyamides


(iii) Polyethylene

(iv) Polypropylene

(v) PET

(vi) PMMA

(vii) PAN

2) Write the reaction mechanism of free radical polymerization.

3) Describe the condensation polymerization with examples.

4) What are thermoplastic resins? Give examples

5) What are thermoset resins? Give examples.

6) Write the mechanism of polyurethane and phenol-formaldehyde resin

formation..

7) Write the structure of monomer units of natural and synthetic rubbers.

8) What is vulcanization of rubber? Explain with reactions and mechanisms..

9) What are conducting polymers? Explain the electrical conduction on the

basis of bond theory..

10) Explain the applications of conducting polymers with examples.

11) Give examples of biodegradable polymers.

12) What are biopolymers and bio-plastics?

13) Write down the compositions of a glass and ceramics?

14) Define and classify the structure of various types of borosilicate.

15) What are nano composites? Explain their merits over the traditional uses

of materials.

16) What are the importances of protective coatings of metals?

17) What is the electroplating? Define it with examples?

18) Define the process of protective coating.

19) What are organometallic compounds? How do they differ from organic and

inorganic compounds?

20) Write and explain organometallic compounds with examples. Classify the

various type of organometallic compounds? Explain with example the

applications of organometallic compounds.

21) What is Ziegler Natta catalyst? Explain its importance in polymerization of

ethylene.

22) What are Grignard‟s reagents? Write a few reactions in cooperating it?


UNIT-IV Fuels and Combustion, Lubricants

Q.1 Describe non conventional & conventional sources of energy, their uses?

Q.2. Describe Biomass and Biogas and their merits over the unconventional

use of biomass?

Q.3 Define the importances of esterification and transesterification in fuel

science?

Q.4 Define Lubricants and their importances?

Q.5 Define the following theory of Lubrication (i) Fluid film (Hydrodynamic)

Lubrication (ii) Boundary lubrication (Thin-film lubrication) (iii) Extreme pressure

lubrication.

Q.6 What are liquid lubrications and their types? Define them with suitable

examples.

Q.7 What are the solid and semisolid lubricants? Define them with suitable

examples.

Q.8 Define viscosity index (VI) of lubricants. What are the parameters on which

it depends? Describe their method of determination.

Q.9 Describe the following characteristics of good lubricants (i) Flash Point (ii)

Fire point (iii) Pour Point (iv) Cloud Point (v) Aniline Points

Q.10 Tabulate the choice of lubricants based on operating conditions.

Q.11 10.58 g of a sample of coal was used in a bomb calorimeter for the

determination of calorific value. Calorific value of coal was found to be 8,600

cal/g. The ash formed in the bomb calorimeter was extracted with acid and the

acid extract was heated with Ba(NO3)2 solution and a precipitate of BaSO4 was

obtained. The precipitate was filtered, dried and weighed. The weight of

precipitate was found to be 0.05g. Calculate the % of sulphur in the coal sample.

Q.12 A gaseous fuel has the following composition by volume. Methane 5%,

Hydrogen 20%, Carbon monoxide 25%, Carbon dioxide 6%, and rest nitrogen.

If 20% excess of air is used for combustion, then calculate volume of air per m3

of fuel and composition of dry fuel gases.


Q.13 A sample of coal was analyzed as follows: exactly 2.500 g was weighed

into silica crucible. After heating for one hour at 110 0C, the residue weighed

2.415g. The crucible next was covered with a vented lid and strongly heated for

exactly seven minutes at 950±20 0C the residue weighed 1.528 g. The crucible

was then heated without the cover, until a constant weight was obtained. The

last residue was found to weight 0.245g. Calculate the percentage result of

above analysis.

Q.14 3.12 g of coal was Kjeldahlized and NH3 gas thus evolved was absorbed

in 50 mL of 0.1N sulphuric acid. After absorption, the excess (residual) acid

required 12.5 mL of 0.1N sodium hydroxide for exact neutralization. Determine

the % of nitrogen in the sample of coal.

Q.15 0.72g of fuel containing 80% carbon, when burnt in a bomb calorimeter

increased the temperature of water from 27.30C to 29.10C. If the calorimeter

contains 250 g of water and its water equivalent is 150g, calculate the HCV of

fuel in KJ/Kg.

Q.16 Calculate the gross and net calorific value of coal having the following

composition Carbon = 85%, Hydrogen = 8%, Sulphur = 1%, Nitrogen = 2%,

Ash = 4%. Latent heat of steam = 587 cal/g.

Q.17 A sample of coal contains Carbon = 93%, Hydrogen = 6% and Ash = 1%.

The following data were obtained when the above coal was tested in bomb

calorimeter: (i) weight of coal burnt = 0.92 g (ii) weight of water taken = 550 g

(iii) water equivalent of bomb calorimeter = 2,200g (iv) rise in temperature =

2.42 0C (v) fuse wire correction = 10.0 cal (vi) acid correction= 50.0 cal.

Calculate gross and net calorific value of the coal, assuming the latent heat of

condensation of steam as 580 cal/g.

Q18.Having weight of Coal=0.92 gm., Weight of water=550 gm., Water

equivalent=2200 gm., Rise in temperature=2.42C, Fuse wire correction=10 cal,

Acid correction=50 cal, Latent heat for steam=580 cal/gm.


Q19. Calculate the HCV and LCV in the fuel sample containing C=75%,

H=5.2%, O=12.1%, N=3.2% and ash=4.5%: (i)Calculate the Air required for

combustion of 1 Kg. of fuel (ii) Calorific value of C=8080 Kcal/Kg, H=34,500

Kcal/Kg, S=2240 Kcal/Kg.

UNIT V ANALYTICAL METHODS AND APPLICATIONS

1) Define a volumetric Analysis.

2) What is the strength of a Solution? Define various concentration units

used in volumetric titration (Normality, Molarity, Molality, Formality).

3) What is equivalent weight of an acid and a base?

4) What are the primary and secondary standard substances and solutions?

5) Explain an acid base titration (Neutralization) with with suitable indicators.

6) Give example acid base indicators? Explain the theory of indicators.

7) What are acid base titration curves?

8) Write principle of redox titration and explain it with example.

9) What are the oxidizing and reducing agents?

10) Define the equivalent weight of a reagent in redox titration.

11) Define various types of indicators used in redox titrations?

12) Define the theory of precipitation titrations. What is the solubility product?

13) What is Mohr‟s Method? Explain it with example.

14) Define the Complexometric titration. What is solubility constant of a

complex?

15) Define the role of buffer solution (buffer action) in EDTA titration using

Eriochrome Black-T as indicator?

16) Name a few metal cations that can be studied by complexometric titration.

17) Draw the structure of EDTA, metal EDTA complex and metal EBT

(indicator) with their reactions and conditions.

18) What are Bathocromic and Hyprochromic shifts?

19) What is mass spectroscopy? Define its principles.

20) How will you use mass spectroscopy to distinguish between:

(i) CH3Cl and CH3I


(ii) CHCl3 and CHI3

(iii) CCl4 and CBr2

(iv) Benzene toluene and Xylene

(v) Benzyl alcohol and Benzaldehyde

21) What is 1HNMR? Explain the principle of it.

22) What is Larmar frequency and precision?

23) What is chemical shift? Explain its importance in 1HNMR spectroscopy.

24) Explain the 1HNMR spectra of CH3 – OH, CH3-CH2-OH, CH3-CHO, CH3-C-

CH3, CH3-COOH

25) What is hyperfine splitting? Define the multiplicity of 1HNMR signals.

26) What is Beer- Lambert Law in UV-visible absorption spectroscopy ?

27) Define the terms chromophore and auxochorme n UV Spectroscopy ?

28) Define shielding & deshieldng effect ?

QUESTION BANK-Mathematics- II

Unit 1 Q 1 Find the differential equation of the family of curves y = C1 e 2x + C2 e – 2x, where C1 and C2 are arbitrary constants. Q 2 Find the differential equation corresponding to y = ae 2x + be –3x + cex Q 3 Solve 3ex tan y dx +(1- ex)sec²y dy =0 Q 4 Solve the differential equation: dy/dx = xy + x + y + 1 Q 5 Solve: xdy – ydx = √(x²+y²) dx Q 6 Solve: dy/dx = (x – y +3) / (2x-2y +5) Q 7 Solve y log y dx + (x – log y) dy =0. Q 8 Solve: dy/dx + x sin 2y = x³ cos² Q 9 Solve: xdy – ydx = a (x²+y²) dy Q10 Solve: x2 d2y/ dx2+ xdy/dx + y = (log x)sin(log x). Q11 Solve: xdx + ydy = a² (xdy-ydx) / (x² + y²) Q12 Solve: dy/dx = sin (x+y) + cos (x+y) Q13 Solve: d³y/dx³ -2 d²y/dx² - 4 dy/dx + 8y = 0 Q14 Solve: [D2 – 4xD + (4x2 – 3)] y = e x2. Q15 Solve (x – y – 2)dx – (2x – 2y – 3)dy = 0 Q16: Solve y″ – 3y′ + 2y =x + excos x. Q17 Solve (y″ -4y′ +4) = 8x2e2xsin 2x. Q18 Solve (D2 + 4D +8) y = 12e-2xsin x sin 3x. Q19 Solve (D4 + 2D2 +1) y = x2 cos x. Q20 Solve by method of variation of parameters . y″ – y = 2 / (1 + ex) Q21 Solve by method of variation of parameters


. y″ + 4y = 4 tan 2x. Q22 Solve by method of variation of parameters . y″ + n2y = sec nx. Q23 Solve by simultaneous eq. dx / dt + dy / dt – 2y = 2cos t – 7sin t dx / dt + dy / dt – 2x = 4cos t – 3sin t Q24 Solve d2y / dx2= 1 – (d2y/dx2 )2

Q25 Solve y″ – 4xy′ + (4x2 – 2) y = 0 given that y=ex2 is a solution. Q26 Solve d2y / dx2 – (1/ x) dy / dx + 4x2y = x4 Q27: For an electric with circuit constants L, C, R the charge q on a plate consider is given by L d2q / dt2+ R dq / dt + q / C = E and the current by i = dq / dt Let L = 1 Henry, C = 10– 4 farad, R = 100 ohms, E = 100 volts, Suppose that no charge present and no current is flowing at time t = 0, when the emf is applied. Determine q at any time t. Q28 The rate at which the ice melts is proportional to the amount of ice at that instant. Find the amount of ice left after two hours . If half the quantity melts in 30 minutes. Q29 A body is failing under gravity in a resisting medium. Whose resistance varies as velocity. Discuss the motion. Q30 A body executes damped forced vibrations given by equation d2x / dt2+ 2K dx / dt + b2x= e –Kt sin nt. Solve the equation when n2 = b2 – K2. Unit 2

Q31: Find the L.T of following function :- (i) sin2t sin3t (ii) e-3t(2 cos5t – 3 sin5t) Q32 Write Laplace Transformation of function f(t) for t ≥0. Also write linearity property of L.T. Q33 Find the L.T :- (i) f(t) = et, 0< t<1 0, t >0 (ii) f(t) = 1, 0 ≤ t <1 t, 1 ≤ t <2 t2 2 ≤ t <∞ Q34 Find laplace transformation of :-

(i) t e-4t sin3t (ii) f(t) = cos( t - 2π/3), t > 2π/3 0 , t <2π/3Q35 Solve xy″ + y′ + xy = 0. Q36 Find Laplase Transform of ( e at – cos bt ) / t . Q37 Using Laplase Transform, evaluate ∫ 0 to ∞ (e–t – e– 3t ) dt / t . Q38 If f(t) is a function of class A and if L {f(t)} = f(p). Then L {tnf(t)} = (–1)n dnf(p)/dpn. Q39 Use convolution theorem to evaluate L–1 [ p2 / (p2 + 1) ( p2+ 4)].


Q40 Find Laplace Transform of F(t), if F′ (t) + 2 F(t) + 4∫0 to t F(t) dt = 5; F(0) = 2. Q41 Evaluate L {(cos at – cos bt) / t}. Q42 Draw the graph of the following periodic function and its L. T. F(t) = t, 0 ≤ t ≤ a 2a – t, a ≤ t ≤ 2a Q43 Prove that the inverse L. T. Of 1 / {p3(p2 + 1)} is (t2 / 2) + cos t – 1. Q44 Solve by Using Laplase Transform (D2 + 4D +4) y = 6 e–t ; y (0) = –2 and y‟ (0) = 8. Q45 Solve by Using Laplase Transform (D2 + 9) y = cos 2t ; y (0) = 1 and y(π/2) = –1. Q46 Solve by Using Laplase Transform (D2 +1) y = t cos 2t, Given that y = 0, dy /dt = 0 when t = 0. Q47 Solve by Using Laplase Transform

dx /dt + y = sin t and dy /dt + x = cos t Given that x = 2, y = 0 when t = 0. Q48 Solve by Using Laplase Transform

dx /dt – y = et and dy /dt + x = sin t Given that x = 1, y = 0 when t = 0. Unit 3 Q49 Prove that absolutely convergent series is convergent. Q50 Show that the series x + (x2/2!) + (x3/3!) + …….. Q51 Show that the series x - (x3/3!) + (x5/5!) + ……. Q52 Test the convergence of the series 22 / 33 + (22.44) / (33.55) + (22.44.66) / (33.55.77) + ……….. Q53 Test the convergence of the series Σ [11.33.55……(2n – 1)2] x(n – 1) / [22.44.66……(2n)2] Q54 Prove that a necessary condition for convergence of an infinite sreries Σun is that Lim n tends to ∞ un = 0. Q55 Test the convergence of the series Σ(1/n). Q56 Show that the series 1 + (1/2!) + (1/3!) + (1/4!) …….. is convergent. Q57 Show that the series (1.2)/(33.44) + (3.4)/(55.66) + (5.6)/(77.88) + ….. is convergent. Q58 Test the convergence of the series whose nth term is [(n3 + 1)1/3 – n]. Q59 Test for convergence the series Σ(n2 – 1)xn/(n2 + 1), x > 0. Q60 Show that the series Σ [3.6.9……3n]xn / [7.0.13…..(3n + 4)], x > 0 converges for x ≤ 1, and diverges for x > 1. Q61 Test the convergence of the series (12.22)/1! + (22.32)/ 2! (32.42)/ 3! + ……. Q62 Test the convergence of the series x/1 + x2/ 2 + x3/ 3 + x4/ 4 +…………… Unit 4


Q63 Find half range sine series of f(x) = x – x2 , 0 < x < 1. Q64 Obtain Fourier series for the expression if f(x) = x sin x in the interval (–π, π).

Hence deduce that π/4 = ½ + 1/(1.3)– 1/(3.5) + 1/(5.7)+…………………. Q65 Find the Fourier series expansion of the periodic functions: f(x) = x sinx ; 0< x <2п ; f(x+2п) = f(x) Q66 Find the Fourier series expansion of the periodic functions: f(x) = x 2 ; -3 < x <3; f(x+6) = f(x) Q67 Find the Fourier series representing f(x) = x – x2, –1 < x < 1. Q68 Find the fourier series to represent the function F(x) = |x| in –п < x < п and deduce that 1/12 + 1/32 + 1/52 + ….. = п2/8. Q69 Find the fourier series to represent the function f(x) = x sin x, –п < x < п and deduce that 1/1.3 + 1/3.5 + 1/5.7 +1/7.9 ….. = (п-2) / 4 Q70 Find the half range sine series for the function f(x) = x in 0<x<2. Q71 A periodic function of period 4 is defined as f(x) = |x|, -2<x<2. Find its Fourier series expansion. Q72 Find half range cosine series of f(x) = sin x in 0 ≤ x ≤ π.

Q73 Find the half range cosine series for the function F(t) = 2t, 0<t<1 = 2(2 – t), 1<x<2 Q74 Solve (D2 – 3 DD‟ + 2 D‟2)z = e2x–y + ex+y + cos (x+2y). Q75 Solve (D2 - DD′ +D′ - 1) z = cos (x+ 2y) + e y. Q76 Solve 2r + 5s + 2t = 0 Q77 Solve r – 2s + t = sin (2x + 3y) Q78 Solve r + s – 6t = y sinx. Unit 5 Q79 Use the method of seperation of variables, solve ∂u/∂x = 2 ∂u/∂t + u. Where u(x,0) = 6e –3x. Q80 Use the method of seperation of variables, solve ∂u/∂t = ∂u/∂x + u. Where u(x,0) = 4e –3x. Q81 Use the method of seperation of variables, solve ∂2u/∂x2 - 2∂u/∂x + ∂u/∂y = 0. Q82 Use the method of seperation of variables, solve ∂u/∂t = 4∂u/∂x . Where u(x,0) = 8e –3x. Q83 Use the method of seperation of variables, solve ∂2u/∂x2 + ∂2u/∂y2 = 0, subject to the condition u(0,y) = u(L,y) = u(x, 0) = 0 and u(x,a) = sin nπx / L. Q84 Solve uxx + uyy = 0; u(0,y) = u(a,y) = u(x, 0) = 0 and u(x,b) = sin (3πx / a). Q85 A rod of length L with insulated sides is initially at uniform temperature uo. Its ends are suddenly cooled at 0oC and are kept at that temperature function u(x,t). Q86 Determine the solution of one dimensional heat equation ∂u/∂t = k∂2u/∂2x under the boundary conditions u(0, t) = 0 = u(L, t) and initional condition u(x, t) = x, where L is the length of bar. Q87 The temperature at one end of a bar L cm long with insulated sides is kept at 0oC and that other end is kept at 100oC until steady state condition prevails. The two ends


are then suddenly insulated such that temperature gradient is zero at each end thereafter. Find the temperature distribution. Q88 Solve the following wave equation ∂2u/∂t2 = c2 ∂2u/∂x2 ; 0 ≤ x ≤ L, t > 0. BC ; u(0,t) = 0 = u(L,t)

IC ; u(x,0) = f(x) = x(L – x), ∂u/∂t (x,0) = 0. Q89 Solve the following wave equation ∂2u/∂t2 = c2 ∂2u/∂x2 ; 0 ≤ x ≤ L, t > 0. BC ; u(0,t) = 0 = u(L,t) IC ; u(x,0) = k sin (πx/L), ∂u/∂t (x,0) = 0. Q90 Solve the following wave equation ∂2u/∂t2 = c2 ∂2u/∂x2 ; 0 ≤ x ≤ L, t > 0. BC ; u(0,t) = 0 = u(L,t) IC ; u(x,0) = 0, ∂u/∂t (x,0) = k sin3 (πx/L). Q91 Solve the two dimensional wave equation ∂2u/∂t2 = ∂2u/∂x2 + ∂2u/∂y2 ; 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1 u(0,y,t) = 0 = u(1,y,t) u(x,0,t) = 0 = u(x,1,t) u(x,y,0) = sin2πx sin3πy, ∂u/∂t (x,y,0) = 0. Q92 Find the current I and voltage V in a line of length L, t seconds after the ends are suddenly grounded, given that I(x,0) = Io, V (x, 0) = Vo sin (πx/L). Also R and G are negligible.

Question Bank: Advanced Technical Communication Unit-I Q 1.What is meant by Technical Communication? Write in brief the purpose of Technical Writing? Q 2.How does the purpose of Technical Writing differ from the purpose of Journal writing? llustrate with an example. Q 3. How does Technical Writing help a professional to achieve his/her goals? Q 4. Explain in detail the process of Technical Writing. Q 5 .Write short notes on any four:- (a) Purpose of technical writing (b) Planning stage (c) Drafting stage (d) Revision stage (e) Production stage. Q 6. Write in details the style of technical written communication? Q 7. Why clarity and simplicity are the governing features of technical written communication? Q8. Write a short note on the language of technical written communication? Q9 What is the scientific /semi-technical article? Explain its purpose. Q10. What is dissertation /thesis? Explain in detail. Q11. Write short note on:

(a) Bibliography (b) Abstract (c) Methodology (d) Elements of a research paper


(e) Types of research papers Q12. What is a technical article? How does it differ from a general article? Unit –II Q1.What is Business Correspondence? Q2 What are the different mediums for Business communication? Q3. What is the key to effective written Business communication? Q4. What are the fundamental principles of an effective written Business communication? Q5 What things should be considered while planning the Business letter? Q6. What elements constitute the structure of a business letter? Discuss briefly each of them. Q7. What is a job application? Q8. What are the salient features of a resume? Q9. What is the difference between Resume, Bio-data and C.V.? Q10. Write a short resume for the post of Programme Manager in Oxfoam (India) Trust. Use combination resume, style and invent necessary details to write a compact and impressive professional resume. Q11. What is job application letter? What are its functions? Q12. Explain- Principles, Features, Types, Format and Layout of Business letter? Unit-III Q.1.What do you mean by a Report? Mention in brief the characteristics of a Business Report. Q.2.What points you will record while writing a report on any topic? Q.3.What is the chief difference between an Informational Report? Q.4. What is Memorandum Form Report/ Give an example. Q.5.Comment about the following:- a. Scientific Attitude in report writing b. Readability of Report Q.6.What is a Proposal? What are the characteristics of an Ideal Proposal? Q.7. What are different types of Proposals? Explain in brief the format of Proposals? Q.8.What are the important parts of Technical Proposal and how to plan them before writing the Final Report? Q.9.You are a B.Tech. Third year Electrical Engineering student. Your classmates are very interested to visit the Tehri Hydro Development Corporation Ltd. for study purpose. Write a proposal for submission to the Head of your Dept. giving details of this proposed visit for the entire B.Tech. Third year Electrical Engineering batch. Invent the necessary details. Q.10.What are the key personality factors that determine the success of a candidate during a group discussion. Q.11. What aspects are assessed and evaluated during a Group Discussion. Q.12.Explain what is meant by Professional Skills? Q.12. What is a Team. What should be taken into account in managing a team to ensure optimum team effectiveness and achievement of organizational goals? Q.13. Write short notes on:- a. Critical Thinking b.Creative Thinking


C.Types of Conflict d. Significance of Negotiation Q.14.Is Conflict good for an organization? Discuss. Unit-IV Q1.What is the theme of Animal Farm? Describe in details? Q.2.Discuss how the Animal Farm is related to the Russian Revolution? Q.3. What are some of the important symbols and Metaphors in Animal Farm? Discuss in detail? Q.4.Describe the character of Napoleon. How does it compare with the character of Snowball? Q.5. How do you think the pigs manage to take control of the Animal Farm? What were the specific things that helped the pigs to gain and retain power? Q.6. At the end of the fable, Clover, is unable to distinguish between humans and pigs. What do you think Orwell is trying to convince through this comparison. Q.7.The last chapter, the pigs start walking on two legs. Is this revolution? What do you think and why? Q.8. Animal Farm is replete with messages and morals. Which ones do you consider important and why? Q.9. Do you think Old Major‟s views were too idealistic and that is why they did not work in the real world. Discuss. Q.10. How is the symbolism in Animal Farm related to its plot? Q.11. The ending of the fable is in satirical comment about the nature of people in power. What do you think? Discuss. Q.12. Explain the concept of animalism. How is it gradually modified to suit requirements of Napoleon and the pigs? What is the symbolism of this? Q.13.What do you think of Benjamin‟s character? Do these types of characters exist in real life? What is the significance of these kinds of people in a society? Q.14.Describe the character of Boxer. His end is particularly cruel. Do you think Orwell is trying to say that life is most unfair to characters like Boxer? Elaborate. Q.15. In spite of the difficulties faced by the animals after the Revolution, they still maintain a state of happiness. How and why? Unit-V Q.1.Explain in detail the following:- a. Kinesics b. Para linguistics c. Proxemics. Q.2.Write short notes on:- a. Pitch b. Personal space c. Articulation d. Eye- contact Q.3 What do you understand by Non-Verbal communication? Comment upon its significance. Q.4 What are the problems that frequently occur in communication? How can one overcome them? Q.5 What is Emotional Intelligence? Explain in details.


Q.6 How is Emotional Intelligence related to Personality and Communication. Q.7.Can Emotional Intelligence be termed as a Soft Skill? Explain. Q.8.What do you understand by self-awareness and self-management? Discuss in details. Q.9. What are the elements of a good presentation? Q.10. Write in details the importance and relevance of presentation skills? Q.11. What is meant by Visual Aids? How do they help in a Presentation? Q.12. What is the importance and relevance of Group Discussion? Q.13.How is verbal Ability significant in a Group Discussion? Discuss in details. Q.14.What is meant by Formal Interview? Q.15. What is meant by Impression Management and how it relevant to performance in Interview? Q.16. What are the factors that ensure success in an Interview? Q.17. Write short notes:- a. Stress-Management b. Time- Management c. Perception d. Attitude e. Empathy f. Self-Esteem g. Social- Skills h. Personality

SUBJECT:FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

CODE: (TEC 101/201)

Topic

Lect. No.

Books

Remark

Unit-I: Semiconductor materials and properties, Junction diode

Semiconductor materials and properties: i. Group-IV materials, Covalent

bond, electron-hole concepts, Basic concepts of energy bands in materials.

ii. concepts of forbidden gap Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, donors and acceptors impurities. Junction diode: i. p-n junction, depletion layer, v-

i characteristics, diode

L1-L3 L4-L6 L7-L9

Boylested and Nashelsky, Milman & Halkias Boylested and Nashelsky Milman & Halkias Boylested and Nashelsky, Milman &


resistance.

ii. Diode capacitance, diode ratings (average current, repetitive peak current, non-repetitive current, peak-inverse Voltage).

L10-L12

Halkias Boylested and Nashelsky, Milman & Halkias

Unit-II: Diode applications

Diode Applications: i. rectifiers (half wave and full

wave), calculation of transformer utilization factor

ii. Diode ratings, filter (C – filter),

calculation of ripple factor and load regulation.

iii. Clipping circuits, clamping circuits, voltage multipliers.

Breakdown diodes: i. breakdown mechanisms

(zener and avalanche), breakdown characteristics,

ii. zener resistance, zener diode

ratings, zener diode application as shunt regulator

L13-L15 L16-L18 L19-L21 L22-L24 L25-L27

Boylested and Nashelsky Boylested and Nashelsky Boylested and Nashelsky Boylested and Nashelsky Boylested and Nashelsky

Unit-III: Bipolar Junction Transistor i. Basic construction, transistor

action, CB, CE and CC configurations, input/output Characteristics,

ii. concept of Biasing of transistors-fixed bias, emitter bias, potential divider bias

Transistor Amplifier:

L28-L30 L31-L33

Boylested and Nashelsky, Milman & Halkias Boylested and Nashelsky, Milman & Halkias


i. Graphical analysis of CE

amplifier, concept of voltage gain, current gain, h-parameter model (low frequency).

ii. Computation of Ai, Av, Ri, RO

of single transistor CE and CC amplifier configurations.

L34-L36 L37-L39

Boylested and Nashelsky, Motherstead Boylested and Nashelsky, Motherstead

Unit-IV: Field Effect Transistor i. JFET: Basic construction,

transistor action, concept of pinch off, maximum drain saturation current,

ii. Input/output and transfer characteristics, characteristics equation CG, CS and CD configurations, Introduction to self and fixed biasing.

MOSFFT: i. Depletion and enhancement

type MOSFET-construction, operation and characteristics.

ii. Computation of Av, Ri, Ro, of

single FET amplifiers using all the three configurations.

L40-L42 L43-L45 L46-L48 L49-L51

Boylested and Nashelsky, Motherstead, Milman & Halkias Boylested and Nashelsky, Milman & Halkias Motherstead Boylested and Nashelsky, Motherstead, Milman & Halkias

Unit- V Switching theory and logic design


i. Number systems, conversions of bases, Boolean algebra, logic gates.

ii. concept of universal gate,

canonical forms, concept of K- Map

Operational Amplifiers: i. Concept of ideal operational amplifiers, ideal op-amp parameters.

ii. Inverting, non-inverting and

unity gain amplifiers, adders, difference amplifiers, Integrators.

L52-L54 L55-L57 L58-L60 L61-L63

Morris Mano Morris Mano Motherstead Motherstead

Reference Books:

1. R. K. Singh & Lal Kishor, Basic Electronics Engineering, B S Publication, Hyderabad.

2. A Mottershead, ‗Electronic devices and circuits„. PHI, 2000. 3. Morris Mano, ‗Digital Computer Design„, PHI, 2003. 4. R.K. Singh & Ashish, Basic Electronics Engg. Laxmi Publication, 2007. 5. Milman & Halkias, Integrated electronics Electronics, PHI, 2005.

LECTURE PLAN: Chemistry

S.No. Lecture Topics/ Units Book Reference Nos.

UNIT-I

1. L1 – L4

Valence Bond Theory, Hybridization, Molecular Orbital Theory, LCAO, Molecular Orbital Diagram Of Diatomic Molecules ( Homo and Hetero Nuclear)

Sunita Rattan/ Gurutu & Singhal

SR- 205-219, 221-243

2 L5 Hydrogen Bonding

Sunita Rattan/ Gurutu & Singhal SR-264-269

3. L6 Band Theory Of Solids


4. L7 Liquid Crystal With Their Classification And Applications


5. L8 Bragg‟s Law And Applications Sunita Rattan/ Gurutu &

K.L. Vol I- 137-159


Singhal/ K.L. Kapoor Vol.I

6. L9 Fullerenes And Their Applications


7. L10-L12 Reaction Mechanism and Reactive Intermediates

R.K. Bansa l/ Morrison & Boyd SR-406-449

8. L13-14

Name Reactions ( Aldol Condensation Cannizaro‟s Reaction, Pinnacol-pinacolone Reaction, Beckmann Reaction, Hoffmann‟s Bromamide Reaction )

Sunita Rattan/Morrison & Boyd SR-451-463

9. L15-16 Optical Isomerism, Confirmations, E & Z and R&S Nomenclature

Sunita Rattan / Morrison & Boyd SR-465-488

Assignment I

UNIT-II

10. L17 Chemical Kinetics: Rate, Order & Molecularity,


11. L18-19

Zero, First, Second Order reaction, Steady State Approximation,

Sunita Rattan/ Gurutu & Singhal/ K.L. Kapoor Vol. IV

SR-382-289, K.L. Vol. IV-565-566

12. L20-21 Concept Of Activation Energy (Also Numerical)


13. L22-23 pH, Buffer Solutions, Calculations, Solubility & Solubility Product.

Sunita Rattan/ Gurutu & Singhal/ K.L. Kapoor Vol. IV

K.L. Vol.I-270-274, 301-309

14. L24-L25 Electrochemistry: Cell Potential, Liquid Junction Potential

Sunita Rattan/ Gurutu & Singhal/ K.L. Kapoor Vol. III

SR-129-135, K.L. Vol.I 355-364, 366-371, SR-167-173, 186-193

15. L26

Conductance and Its Variation With Dilution ( Kohlraush Law) and Application

Sunita Rattan/ Gurutu & Singhal/ K.L. Kapoor Vol. III

SR-129-145, K.L. Vol.I 355-364, 366-371, 376-397

16. L27-L28

Transport Number, Nernst Distribution Law and Its Application,

Sunita Rattan/ Gurutu & Singhal/ Shashi Chawla

SR-129-145, K.L. Vol.I 355-364, 366-371, 376-397, 402-410

17. L29

Corrosion and Its Type, Mechanism And Control, Theory Of Electrochemical

Sunita Rattan/ Gurutu &

SR-167-173, 186-193


Corrosion Singhal/ Shashi Chawla

18. L30 Water Technology: Hardness Of Water, Boiler feed water

19. L31-32

Softening Of Water ( Zeolite, Lime Soda And Ion Exchange Process), Treatment Of Boiler Feed Water ( Calgon Process), etc.

Sunita Rattan/ Gurutu & Singhal/ Sashi & Chawala

SR-3-7, 20-23, 25, 30-49, 50-54

Assignment II

UNIT-III

20. L32-L33

Polymer Chemistry (Organic), Classification of polymers, types of polymerization ( Bulk, Solution, Suspension & Emulsion), Copolymers

Sunita Rattan/ Gurutu & Singhal/ Morrison & Boyd

SR-496-519, 520

21 L34-L35 Rubber &Vulcanization of Rubber, PVC, Polyamides

Sunita Rattan/ Gurutu & Singhal SR- 523-528

22 L36 Resins ( Phenol And Formaldehyde), Polyurethane

Sunita Rattan/ Gurutu & Singhal

SR-496-519, 520, 523-528, 531-554, 562-568

23 L37 PMMA, PAN, Polyethylene, Polypropylene, PET


24 L38 Conducting and Biodegradable Polymers


25. L39-L40 Inorganic Polymers: Borosilicates (Pyroceramics, Toughened Glass)

J.D. Lee/ B.K. Sharma/ Shashi Chawla

BKS-591-602, 615-620

26. L41-L42 Nano Composites, Protective Coatings, Fe, Al, Cu, Pd & Zn Alloys

Sunita Rattan/ Gurutu & Singhal/ Shashi Chawla SR-190-193

27. L43 Organo-metallic And Their Applications

Sunita Rattan/ Morrison & Boyd

SR-557-559, 562-568

Assignment III

UNIT-IV

28. L44 Fuels & Combustion: Classification Of Fuels And Coal, Calorific Value Of Fuels

Sunita Rattan/ Gurutu & Singhal/ Sashi & Chawala SR-65-95

29 L45 Bomb- Calorimeter


30 L46-L47 Biomass, Biogas, Bio Fuels, Esterification Sunita Rattan/ SR-65-95 SC-


And Transesterification Gurutu & Singhal/ Shashi & Chawla

E1.16

31. L48-L49 Lubricants: Introduction, Mechanism, Classification, Bio-lubricants Shashi Chawla

BKS-523-539, SC

32. L50-L51

Characteristics Of Lubricants (Flash, Fire, Pour, Cloud, Aniline Points, Viscosity Index) Shashi Chawla

BKS-523-539, SC

Assignment IV

UNIT-V

33. L52-L53 Analytical Chemistry: Elementary Idea And Simple Applications Of UV- Vis.

Morrison & Boyd, K.L. Kapoor vol. IV, Sunita Rattan/ Gurutu & Singhal

SR-336-348, 351-353

34. L54 Elementary Idea And Simple Applications Of Mass Spectroscopy

K.L. Kapoor vol. IV, Sunita Rattan/ Gurutu & Singhal/ Sashi & Chawala SR-354-360

35. L55 1H NMR Spectral Techniques

K.L. Kapoor vol. IV, Sunita Rattan/ Gurutu & Singhal SR-571-585

36. L56-L57 Titrimetric Analysis

K.L. Kapoor vol. IV, Sunita Rattan/ Gurutu & Singhal SR-587-591

Assignment V


Lect No

Topic Book Name Page no

L1 Fundamental concepts & Definitions Definition of thermodynamics,system,surroundings& universe

D.S Kumar

03-214

L2 phase, concept of quantinum,macroscopic microscopic approach,density,specificvolume,pressure,temp

D.S Kumar

L3 Thermodynamic equilibrium, property, state, path, process,cyclic process, work &heat, enthalpy.

D.S Kumar

L4 Numerical D.S Kumar

L5 Laws of Thermodynamics Zeroth law, first law and second law

D.S Kumar


L7 SFEE D.S Kumar


L9 Carnot cycle,clausius inequality

D.S Kumar

L10 Cop of heat pump, heat engine and refrigerator ,concept of entropy

D.S Kumar


L12 Properties of steam &Thermodynamics cycle

D.S Kumar

L13 Properties of steam, use of property diagram D.S Kumar

227-360

L14 Steam table, processes involving steam in open and closed system

D.S Kumar

L15 Rankine cycle, analysis

D.S Kumar


L17 Introduction to I.C Engine D.S Kumar

L18 Two stroke & four stroke S.I & C.I Engine D.S Kumar

L19 Otto ,Diesel cycle D.S Kumar


L21 Force System & Analysis D.S Kumar 372-


Basic concept : laws of motion 477

L22 Transfer of force to parallel position ,resultant of planar force system

D.S Kumar

L23 Free body diagrams, equilibrium and its equation.

D.S Kumar



L26 Friction:introduction,law of coulomb friction,

D.S Kumar

L27 Equilibrium of bodies involving dry friction, belt friction D.S Kumar


L29 Structure Analysis Beams: Introduction

D.S Kumar

478-540

L30 Shear force and bending moment, shear force and bending moment diagram

D.S Kumar


L32 Trusses:introduction,simple trusses D.S Kumar

L33 Determination of forces in simple trusses member, method of joint and section

D.S Kumar


L35 Stress and strain analysis Simple stress and strain

D.S Kumar

583-758

L36 Introduction, normal shear stress, D.S Kumar D.S Kumar


L38 Strain diagram for ductile and brittle material, strain energy

D.S Kumar

L39 Compound stress and strain:introduction,principal stress and strain

D.S Kumar

L40 Mohr‟s circle

D.S Kumar

L41 Numerical

D.S Kumar


SR – Sunita Rattan, Dhanpat Rai Publication SC – Shashi Chawla, Dhanpat Rai Publication

Lecture plan of Basic Mechanical Engg. Text & Reference Books: 1)Mechanical Engg- D.S.Kumar 2) Mechanical Engg- R.K.Rajput 3) Mechanical Engg- Suresh Prasad 4)Strength of material- R.K.Bansal 5) Thermodynamics- P.K.Nag

Advanced Technical Communication

Serial No.

Unit lectures Topics Name of authors & books

Page no.

1. Unit-1 L-1

Introduction to technical communication, types of technical communication.

Ruby Gupta (Advanced Technical Communication)

3-5

L-2

History & the development of technical communication.

Ruby Gupta (Advanced Technical

4-7

L42 Pure bending of beams: introduction

D.S Kumar

L43 Simple bending theory, stress in beams of different cross section

D.S Kumar


L45 Torsion: introduction,

D.S Kumar

L46 Torsion of shaft of circular section, torque and twist

D.S Kumar


L48 Shear stress due to torque

D.S Kumar


Communication)

L-3

Characteristics, features of technical communication. Elements of style in technical communication. Process of preparing a technical document.

M.Ashraf Rizvi (ProfessionalCommunication

12-18

L-4

Difference between general and technical communication. Importance of technical communication


9-13

L-5

Elements, features and objectives of scientific articles.

Ruby Gupta (Advanced Technical Communication) M.Ashraf Rizvi (ProfessionalCommunication

18-23 34-35

L-6

Research papers, dissertation and thesis.


24-26

2. Unit-2 L-7

Importance and features of Business communication.


29-30

L-8

Business correspondence-principles, features, types,


30-38

L-9

Format and layout of business letter.

Malti Aggrawal( Professional Communicaton)

177-185

L-10 Types of business correspondence-letters of enquiry, quotation, order, instructions, sales, credit, complaint, collection etc

L-11

Some more type of Business Correspondence-Notice.


61-69

L-12 , Agenda, Minutes,


L-13 Memorandum, .

L-14 . Job Application M.Ashraf Rizvi (ProfessionalCommunication

194-209

L-15 Letters-Covering Letter, Resume

L-16 Bio-data and C.V.

3. Unit-3 L-17 Technical Proposal - Introduction, purpose and features.

Malti Aggrawal (ProfessionalCommunication)

153-162

L-18 Types, Format and importance.

L-19 Process of preparation. Writing technical proposals.

L-20 Technical Report-Features and Types.


113-119

L-21 Style and Format Relevance

L-22 . Writing Technical Reports.

4. Unit-4 L-23-33 Critical reading and thematic, value based study of the novel „Animal Farm‟. Critical Review, study of theme, plot, symbolism, characterization, style of writing etc.


139-207

5.

Unit-5 L-34 Kinesics, Para language, Proxemics.


223-229

L-35 Presentation Skills- Features,Types,Structure, Aids and Importance.

Malti Aggrawal (Professional Communication

205-220

L-36 Corporate Communication skills- Role of business etiquette. Conducting meetings.


230-238

L-37 Managing conflict,


negotiation,

L-38 Team spirit, decision-making.

L-39 Group Discussion skills-Features and Importance


254-259

L-40 Facing Interviews- Interview Tips


261-265


Subject: Mathematics-II Code:TMA-201

Lect.No Unit Topic Book/Author Page No

Remarks

L1-L2 I Ordinary Differential Equation of First Order

H.K.DASS &Dr.RAMA VERMA

471-488

L3-L5 I Exact Differential Equation


489-498

L6-L10 I Differential Equation Of nth Order with Constant Coefficient


499-530

L11-13 I Simultaneous Differential Equation


530-538

L14-L15

I Solution Of Second Order Differential Equation By Changing Dependent And Independent Variable


539-567

L16-L20

I Application of differential equation in Engineering problem


568-622

L20-21 I Tutorial H.K.DASS &Dr.RAMA VERMA

L21-L25

II Laplace,existence theorem,Laplace Transform and integral Unit step Function Dirac Delta function


709-724

L26-L30

II Laplace ,Transform of periodic function


725-734


Lect.No

Unit

Topic Book/Author Page No

Remarks

L40-L45

III Sequenceses, series,Convergence series of positive terms,comparison test,integral test,D'Alembert ratio test&Raabe's test

Higher Engg. Mathematics/Dr.B.S.Grewal

344-357

L46-L49

III CAUCHY'S Root test,Uniform convergence, properties of Uniformly convergence series

Higher Engg. Mathematics/Dr.B.S.Grewal

357-367

L50-L51

III Tutorial H.K.DASS &Dr.RAMA VERMA

L52-L54

IV Periodic Function Trignometric Series fourier series of 2*22/7.


782-789

L55-L57

IV Eulers Formulae Function having


790-796

L31-L37

II Convolution Theorem Application to solve simple and linear simultaneous Differential Equation


734-781

L37-L39

II Tutorial H.K.DASS &Dr.RAMA VERMA


arbitrary period Change of Internal.

L57-L60

IV Even and Odd Function.Half range Sine and Cosine Series.


796-812

L60-L61

IV Tutorial H.K.DASS &Dr.RAMA VERMA

L62-L66

V Method of separation of variable solving Partial Differential Equatons.


870-892

L67-L68

V Wave Equation of 2-D


892-904

L69-L71

V Laplace Equation IN 2-D


904-915

L72-L73

V Equation of Transmission lines


916-918

L73-L76

V Tutorial H.K.DASS &Dr.RAMA VERMA


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