jc-hamo and the operational art joint concepts · unclassified ussocom j59 (cdi) 10 3...

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED USSOCOM J59 (CDI)

JC-HAMO

and the

Operational Art

Joint Concepts

Overview

(v1.1)

Daniel R. Lane

USSOCOM J59-S

26 April 20191

UNCLASSIFIED


Agenda

❑ Agenda

❑ Historical Context – Competition and Campaigning

❑ Competition and the “Competition Continuum”

➢ Legacy Phasing Models

➢ vs. “Conflict Continuum” & “ROMO”

➢ Latest Visualization

❑ Competition and What We Are Competing For

❑ Three Operational Art Joint Concepts

➢ Joint Concepts

➢ Historical Overview

➢ Relationships

❑ JC-HAMO

➢ JC-HAMO, VCJCS, 19 October 2016

➢ Why is HAMO Needed?

➢ JC-HAMO Operational Overview Graphic (OV-1)

➢ “Elements” Shaping Human Behavior, Decision-Making, and Will

➢ Operational Framework

➢ TP & DCR DOTmLPF-P Solutions

❑ Conclusions and Questions

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED USSOCOM J59 (CDI)Source: Kendrick, Scott. “Joint Concept for Integrated Campaigning Overview.” November 1, 2017.

Source: Kapusta, Philip. “The Gray Zone.” Special Warfare 28. No. 4. Oct-Dec 2015. Accessed January 16, 2018.

Unconventional Measures/Warfare Traditional/Conventional Warfare

Diplomatic Pressure/Political Warfare Irregular Warfare

Historical ContextCompetition and Campaigning

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED USSOCOM J59 (CDI) 4

Legacy Phasing ModelsSource: JP 3-0, Joint Operations, Change 1, January 17, 2017.

UNCLASSIFIED


(JC-IC) Competition Continuum

Competition Continuum vs. “Conflict Continuum” and ROMO

(JC-HAMO, JP 3-0) Conflict Continuum &

Range of Military Operations

Incompatible interests and the intention to engage in

behavior detrimental to other strategic actor’s interests

Mutually beneficial relationships between strategic actors

with similar or compatible interests

Use of violence to satisfy interests or react to provocation

UNCLASSIFIED


Competition ContinuumLatest Visualization

Source: JP 1, Joint Warfighting, (GO/FO Review, Pre-decisional Working Draft, April 2019, 25)

UNCLASSIFIED


So…What is CompetitionAnd … What are we Competing For?

“Competition is the interaction among actors in pursuit of the influence,

leverage, and advantage necessary to secure their respective interests.”

Influence is the power to cause an effect in indirect or intangible ways.

Leverage is the application of influence gained or created to achieve an effect or

exploit an opportunity.

Advantage is superiority of position or condition.

The three core concepts of competition – influence, leverage, and advantage –

form the common ways through which an actor secures its interests and are

fundamentally interrelated.

USSOCOM, “Harnessing David and Goliath Orthodoxy, Asymmetry, and Competition,” 2019

https://nsiteam.com/harnessing-david-and-goliath-a-compound-approach-to-the-great-game

So, competition is about actors … people.

https://nsiteam.com/harnessing-david-and-goliath-a-compound-approach-to-the-great-game

UNCLASSIFIED


Joint Concepts

8

“A joint concept describes a method for employing joint force capabilities to achieve a stated objective or aim within the context of a specified operating environment or against specified joint force challenges.”

Joint concepts propose:- how the joint force, using military art and science, may develop new approaches to conduct joint operations,

functions, and activities.- new approaches for addressing compelling challenges, current or envisioned, for which existing approaches

and capabilities are ineffective, insufficient, or nonexistent, thus requiring reexamination of how we operate and develop the future joint force.

Source: CJCSI 3010.2E, Guidance for Developing and Implementing Joint Concepts, 2016

Development Transition Application

Implementation (DCRs, ICDs, etc.)

UNCLASSIFIED


3 “Operational Art” Joint ConceptsHistorical Overview

9

2009 – UK JDP 4, Understanding, introduces human domain (HD) as a term and concept

2013 – Strategic Landpower; Winning the Clash of Wills (White Paper) focuses on HD

2013 – Socialization of HD term & idea

2013 – CDR USSOCOM, ADM McRaven, directs development of SC-OHD

2014 – GEN Odierno discusses with ADM McRaven the need for a JF OHD concept

2015 – CDRUSSOCOM (GEN Votel, later CDRUSCENTCOM) signs SC-OHD

2016 – VCJCS signs JC-HAMO, SECDEF signs SOIE

2018 – NDS uses term “human dimension,” VCJCS signs JC-IC & JC-OIE

2019 – Reflection of Operational Art Joint Concepts in Joint DOTmLPF-P, SOIE in revision

UNCLASSIFIED


3 “Operational Art” Joint ConceptsRelationships

The JC-IC is the outer shell as a strategic and operational integrating framework for

achieving desired outcomes using all elements (i.e., DIME-FIL) of U.S. power.

The JC-OIE serves as one part (line of effort) of an intermediate shell connecting

the inner doll, JC-HAMO, to the outer shell, JC-IC.

The JC-HAMO is the core element—the center of the Matryoshka Dolls—

as influencing human behavior and will is central to determining outcomes.

While there is no “Joint Concept for Operations in the Physical Environment (OPE),”

it has essentially been the default operating concept of the Joint Force since 1917.

Adapted from draft paper “Smarter Power” by Sara Cobb, Patricia DeGennaro; Randall Munch (~May 21st, 2018)

The ideas of these three recommended revisions to Operational Art

are mutually supporting and are already being informally integrated

into Joint Force thinking, design, and planning, but must be

institutionalized in Joint Doctrine, and the Training and Education of

leaders, planners, and personnel.

One way of visualizing the relationships between the Operational Art

Joint Concepts and their envisioned Joint Forces is as three nested

“Matryoshka dolls.”

UNCLASSIFIED


Joint Concept for

Human Aspects of

Military Operations

(JC-HAMO)VCJCS, 19 October 2016

Co-Sponsors: USSOCOM J59, JS J7

UNCLASSIFIED


Why is HAMO Needed?

“In today's information age, we must recognize that the essential ‘key terrain’ is the

will of a host nation's population...[This] permits us to gain the trust of skeptical

populations, thus frustrating the enemy's efforts and suffocating their ideology.” Gen J. N. Mattis, USMC

Foreword to Operational Culture for the Warfighter: Principles and Applications, 2008

Senior Level Direction

• JC-HAMO signed by VCJCS on 19 October 2016

• JC-HAMO Transition Plan signed by JS DJ7 on 13 September 2018

• JC-HAMO DCR signed by VCJCS on 5 March 2019

HAMO inculcation of Joint Force Officer and Enlisted Corps will provide improved

understanding, identification, anticipation, and evaluation of relevant actors IOT

influence their will, behavior, attitudes, and decision-making.

DoD Guidance and Efforts

• 2014 onward: Competition: JC-IC requires JF proficiency in HAMO.

• 2017 Information as 7th Joint Function: SOIE & JC-OIE require JF HAMO proficiency.

• 2018 NDS, DPG, & IG issued (Irregular Warfare, Information, & Human Dimension)

• 2018 JP 3-0, Joint Operations devotes attention to OIE and relevant actors

• 2019 NDS IW Annex & draft SOIE require JF proficiency in HAMO & OIE.

UNCLASSIFIED


JC-HAMO Overview Graphic(OV-1)

UNCLASSIFIED


JC-HAMOFive “Elements” that Shape

Human Behavior, Decision-Making, and Will(i.e., Social, Cultural, Physical, Informational, and Psychological)

14Source: USSOCOM Concept for Operating in the Human Domain (SC-OHD), 3 Aug 2018.

Te

mp

ora

l L

en

s

UNCLASSIFIED


Develop foundational understanding of the elements shaping human behavior

Develop foundational understanding of the elements shaping human behavior

Deve

lop

fou

nd

atio

na

l un

de

rsta

nd

ing o

f the

ele

me

nts

sh

ap

ing

hu

ma

n b

eh

avio

rDeve

lop

fo

un

da

tio

na

l u

nd

ers

tan

din

g o

f th

e e

lem

en

ts s

ha

pin

g h

um

an

be

ha

vio

r

Monitor

the Environment• Conduct All-Source

intelligence operations

• Engage with partners to

improve understanding

Assess

Impact of

Operations &

Activities• Analyze the elements

that shape human behavior

Plan

Operations

& Activities• Examine Relevant Actor

past behavior

• Select appropriate methods

to influence future behavior

Direct

Operations &

Activities to create

desired effects• Build support for friendly forces

• Deny support and weaken

adversaries

Improve

Understanding

&

Awareness

IDENTIFY EVALUATE

ANTICIPATEINFLUENCE

Relevant Actors

Groups

Populations

Friendly

Neutral

Adversary

Individuals

Goal: Identify

Relevant Actors

and their Networks

Elements that Shape

Human Behavior

Social

Cultural

Psychological

Informational

PhysicalTe

mp

ora

l L

en

s

Goal: Evaluate

Relevant Actors

behavior in context

Goal: Anticipate

Relevant Actors’

decisions

Goal: Influence the

Relevant Actors’

will and decisions

Desired Effects

Assure/Bolster

Protect

Reconcile

Marginalize

Deter

Weaken/Divide

Degrade/Destroy

Ends

Prevent, mitigate, contain,

and win conflict—

and consolidate gains

Methods of Influence

Cooperation

Assistance

Avoidance

Persuasion

Dynamic Narrative

Cyber/EW

Deception

Non-Lethal Force

Lethal Force

JC-HAMO Operational Framework

UNCLASSIFIED


JC-HAMO DOTmLPF-P SolutionsTransition Plan and DCR

D-1 – Develop standardized lexicon that defines HAMO-specific terms (USSOCOM/JS J7, Dec 2018)

D-2 – R/R revisions to JPs WRT extant best practices & key HAMO considerations (USSOCOM/JS J7, Dec 2021)

D-3 – R/R revisions to JPs on developing/communicating narratives (USSOCOM/JS J7, Sep 2022)

D-4 – Develop JDN on extant HADA (USSOCOM/JS J7, Aug 2019)Doctrine D-5 – Recommend updates to JPs on extant HADA (USSOCOM/JS J7, Sep 2022)

D-6 – R/R revisions to JPs to describe a comprehensive counter-radicalization approach (JPLAs, Feb 2024)

D-7 – R/R revisions to JPs to describe how JF supports partners in reconciliation activities (JPLAs, Feb 2024)

D-8 – R/R revisions to JPs to describe how JF supports partners in reconciliation activities (JPLAs, Feb 2024)

Training

T-1 – CJCSN 3500.01 (Chairman’s JTG) to incorporate HAMO in training/exercises (USSOCOM/JS J7, Jun 2019)

T-3a – R/R UJTs to articulate JF HAMO tasks & update UJTL (USSOCOM, Feb 2020)

T-3b – R/R GCC JMETs WRT theater specific HAMO & update JMETL (GCCs, Feb 2021)

T-3c – Identify, develop, and provide individual and unit HAMO overview training (SVCs, Feb 2023)

T-4 – Develop and provide JS J7-approved intel analysis training curricula (DIA, Feb 2022)

LE-1 – Incorporate HAMO as CJCS Special Area of Emphasis (SAE) (USSOCOM/JS J7, Feb 2022)Leadership

& Education LE-2 – R/A/R OPME/EPME curricula to develop understanding and appreciation of HAMO (USSOCOM, Feb 2022)

Policy P-2 – Submit update to DoDD 3000.07, IW & recommend update to DoDI 3000.05, StabOps (USSOCOM, JS J7, Jun 2019) P-1 – Engage, leverage, and support development of an IA Narrative Community of Practice (JS J39, Aug 2020)

P-3 – Review and update security guidance for personnel and security classification guidance (JS J2, Feb 2020)

UNCLASSIFIED


Conclusions and Questions

Daniel R. Lane

GS-13, Strategy and Analysis Specialist

USSOCOM J59 Concept Development and Integration (CDI) Division

Capability Solutions Branch (J59-S)

7701 Tampa Point Blvd

MacDill AFB, FL 33621

COM (813) 826-3807

MOB (813) 317-4778

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]; [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

UNCLASSIFIED


BACKUPS

UNCLASSIFIED


◼ The U.S. military active duty end strength is shown in brown➢ Ranges from a couple hundred thousand in the early 1900s

➢ Peaks at 11 million during World War II

➢ Gradually declines to its current strength of about 1.4 million

◼ Above the strength graph are five conflicts during the past century fitting the traditional war model: ➢ Wars I and II, Korea, Vietnam and Desert Storm.

➢ They feature large, force-on-force engagements by uniformed militaries fielded by nation states.

◼ Below the strength graph are 57 instances when the U.S. military conducted foreign operations.

Source: Kapusta, Philip. “The Gray Zone.” Special Warfare 28. No. 4. Oct-Dec 2015. Accessed January 16, 2018.

http://www.soc.mil/swcs/SWmag/archive/SW2804/October%202015%20Special%20Warfare.pdf

Beyond Armed Conflict

US Commitment and Consolidation

http://www.soc.mil/swcs/SWmag/archive/SW2804/October%202015%20Special%20Warfare.pdf

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED USSOCOM J59 (CDI) 20Diplomatic Pressure

Unconventional Measure/Warfare

Source: Kendrick, Scott. “Joint Concept for Integrated Campaigning Overview.” November 1, 2017.

Styles of Warfare

“America’s armed forces have

fought fewer than a dozen major

conventional wars in over two

centuries, they have, during the

same period, engaged in several

hundred military undertakings that

would today be characterized as

stability operations.” Lawrence A. Yates,

The US Military’s Experience in Stability

Operations, 1789-2005

UNCLASSIFIED


Beyond Armed Conflict

US Commitment and Consolidation

Source: Kendrick, Scott. “Joint Concept for Integrated Campaigning Overview.” November 1, 2017.

UNCLASSIFIED


Joint Concept Life CycleSource: CJCSI 3010.2E, Guidance for Developing and Implementing Joint Concepts, 2016

UNCLASSIFIED


Joint Concept for Integrated Campaigning(JC-IC) Overview Graphic (OV-1)

UNCLASSIFIED


Joint Concept for

Operating in the Information Environment (JC-OIE) Overview Graphic (OV-1)

UNCLASSIFIED


Joint Concept for

Human Aspects of Military Operations (JC-HAMO) Overview Graphic (OV-1)

UNCLASSIFIED


JC-HAMO Logic and

Required Capabilities Overview

UNCLASSIFIED


Conduct Mission Analysis

through the Lens of HAMO

Conduct Self Assessments

Understand the Evolving

Operational Environment

through the Lens of HAMO

Determine Information

Requirements

Collect Information

on the Elements Shaping

Actor Decisions/Behavior

Analyze Information

on the Elements Shaping

Actor Decisions/Behavior

Develop Intelligence on

Elements Shaping Human

Decision-Making

Develop Criteria for Relevance

Collect Information on

Prioritized Actors

Analyze Information on Actors

Determine Relevant

Actors & Networks

Integrate HAMO Understanding

Into Operational COAs

Develop MOEs/MOPs that

Account for HAMO Understanding

Develop Branches and Sequels

Based on Relevant Actor

Decisions/Behavior

Incorporate HAMO Insights

into Operational Planning

Plan

Establish Relationships With

Full Range of Partners

Monitor Relevant Actors

Analyze Relevant Actors'

Behavior and Decision-making

Evaluate Actor Behavior

and Decision-making

Determine Relevant Actor

Desired Behavior

Determine How to Address the

Elements that Influence

Relevant Actor Behavior

Identify Parameters,

Indications & Warnings

Forecast Actions

Anticipate Relevant Actors'

Behavior and Decision-making

Develop Info and Intel

Sharing Structure

Coordinate Plans

Synchronize Operation

Execution

Integrate HAMO Understanding

With IA/HC and MN Partners

Educate Forces

Conduct Individual/ Staff /

Unit Training

Assess Commander Knowledge

of HAMO

Prepare the Joint Force

Prepare

Decide to Act

Maximize Partner Contributions

and Mutual Support

Communicate a Narrative to

a Target Audience

Build Partner

Capability & Capacity

Disrupt Support to Adversaries

Enable Reconciliation of Adversaries

Mobilize Individuals, Groups,

and Populations

Utilize Influence Potential

Of Infrastructure and Symbolic Sites

Influence the Will and

Decisions of Actors

Execute

Monitor the Operational Situation

Assess Changes in

Relevant Actors Perceptions

and Behaviors

Modify Plans

Incorporate Lessons Learned

Assess Plans and Operations

Recommend Policy Actions

Assess

JC-HAMO Capabilities Requirements(i.e., HAMO “Activity List”)

UNCLASSIFIED


JC-HAMO Transition Plan(JS DJ-7, 13 Sep 2017)

UNCLASSIFIED


JC-HAMO DCR Implementation Plan (1 of 2)

as finalized in JROC-M (013-19, 03052019)

UNCLASSIFIED


JC-HAMO DCR Implementation Plan (2 of 2)

as finalized in JROC-M (013-19, 03052019)

UNCLASSIFIED


“Relevant Actors”

JS DJ-7: JP 3-0, Joint Operations

31

“The human and automated systems whose behavior the JFC wants to

affect are referred to as relevant actors.

Relevant actors may include any individuals, groups, and populations,

or any automated systems, the behavior of which has the potential to

substantially help or hinder the success of a particular campaign,

operation, or tactical action.

For the purpose of military activities intended to inform audiences,

relevant actors may include US audiences; however, US audiences are

not considered targets for influence.” US DoD, Joint Staff, JP 3-0, Joint Operations, 17 January 2017 (Incorporating Change 1, 22 October 2018), III-18

UNCLASSIFIED


“Relevant Actors”

VCJCS: JC-HAMO & JC-OIE

32

“Individuals, groups, and populations whose behavior has the potential

to substantially help or hinder the success of a particular campaign,

operation, or tactical action.” US DoD, Joint Staff, Joint Concept for the Human Aspects of Military Operations (JC-HAMO), 2016

“Those individuals, groups, populations, and automated processes and

systems that, through their behavior, could substantially impact U.S.

national strategy, policy, campaigns, operations, or tactical actions.” US DoD, Joint Staff, Joint Concept for Operating in the Information Environment (JC-OIE), 2018

◼ Relevant actors may include:

➢ governments at the national and sub-national levels;

➢ state security forces, paramilitary groups, or militias;

➢ non-state armed groups;

➢ local political, religious, civil society, media, & business figures;

➢ diaspora communities;

➢ and global/regional IGOs and NGOs.

◼ Law or policy may further limit the definition of relevant actors

Relevant Actors

Groups

Populations

Friendly

Neutral

Adversary

Individuals

UNCLASSIFIED


“Human Aspects”VCJCS: JC-OIE & JC-HAMO

“The interactions among humans and between humans and

the environment that influence decisions.” US DoD, Joint Staff, Joint Concept for the Human Aspects of Military Operations (JC-HAMO), 19 October 2016

33

◼ Physical, social, cultural and physical elements that shape human behavior form the

foundation.

◼ Likewise, the foundation affects these elements.

◼ Character, tradition, and nature are all human aspects that suggest how humans

might behave under particular circumstances in the future.

UNCLASSIFIED


“Sociocultural Analysis”JS DJ-7: JP 2-0

34

“Sociocultural Analysis”

“The analysis of adversaries and other relevant actors that integrates

concepts, knowledge, and understanding of societies, populations,

and other groups of people, including their activities, relationships,

and perspectives across time and space at varying scales. US DoD, Joint Staff, JP 2-0, Joint Intelligence, 22 Oct 2013

UNCLASSIFIED


“Civil Information” JS DJ-7: JP 3-57

35

“Civil Information”

“Relevant data relating to the civil areas, structures, capabilities,

organizations, people, and events of the civil component of the

operational environment used to support the situational awareness of

the supported commander.” US DoD, Joint Staff, JP 3-57, Civil-Military Operations, 1 Oct 2018

UNCLASSIFIED


“Human Dimension” (HD)JP 1, Joint Warfighting (2019 GO/FO Draft)

Because war is a clash between opposing human wills, the human

dimension is central in war. The human dimension is the combination

of the cognitive, social, and physical aspects of humans, both

individuals and groups. It is the human dimension that infuses war with

its intangibles including intuition, fear, genius, and moral factors. JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the Unites States (GO/FO Review Draft, 15 Apr 2019)

36

UNCLASSIFIED


“Human Dimension (HD)”OUSD(I): HD White Paper, 2010

37

“The presence, activities (including transactions—both physical and virtual),

culture, social structure and organization, networks and relationships,

motivation, intent, vulnerabilities, and capabilities of humans (single or groups)

across all domains of the operational environment (space, air, maritime, ground,

and cyber).” “Human Dimension: Analyzing the Role of the Human Element in the Operational Environment,” USD(I) Concept Paper, 15 Sep 2010

UNCLASSIFIED


USSOCOM for the Joint Force:

“The Human Domain consists of the people (individuals, groups,

populations) in the environment, including their perceptions,

decision-making, and behavior.” USSOCOM Concept for Operating in the Human Domain (SC-OHD), 3 Aug 2015

“Human Domain” (HD)USSOCOM (2015)—Not accepted by DoD

3

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

Macro / Strategic

HUMAN TERRAIN

Micro / Tactical

“The study of space, place, people, interactions, and activities.”

“The social ethnographic, cultural & economic, and political elements of the

people with whom the Joint Force is operating.”

“The human domain consists of the people (individuals, groups, and populations) in the

environment, including their perceptions, decision-making, and behavior.” US Special Operations Command’s Concept for “Operating in the Human Domain.” US Department of Defense, US Special Operations Command, USSOCOM Concept for Operating in the

Human Domain (SC-OHD) (Tampa, FL: USSOCOM, 2015), accessed September 24, 2018, http://nsiteam.com/social/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/SOF-OHD-Concept-V1.0-3-Aug-15.pdf. 3.

http://nsiteam.com/social/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/SOF-OHD-Concept-V1.0-3-Aug-15.pdf

UNCLASSIFIED


jc-hamo and the operational art joint concepts · unclassified ussocom j59 (cdi) 10 3...

Documents