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The JCP program
More than 101 ways to influence the future of Java

Patrick Curran and Heather Vancura
http://jcp.org

November 2012

Welcome!

Why standards are important

How we create standards for Java

How the JCP is changing

How you can get involved

Agenda

Languages & protocols

Interfaces

Specifications

Blueprints

Certification

No vendor lock-in

Industrial-strength systems

Java standards

Java SE

Java ME

Java EE

How the JCP works

How we do it

Java Specification Requests (JSRs)

A JSR is a single version of a Java specification.

JSRs are led by a community member (the Spec Lead), with a group of interested members (the Expert Group) helping with the day-to-day decisions and work.Any JCP member can submit and lead a JSR.

Each Expert Group must deliver:The Specification

A Reference Implementation (RI)

A Technology Compatibility Kit (TCK)

The compatibility triangle

Specification

Reference ImplementationCan you build animplementation?Is the specificationunambiguous?Is the TCK correct?Does the RI conform?Technology Compatibility Kit

Guilds

Quality-control

A Silversmiths hallmark

Compatibility testing

The Java hallmark

Organization

Legal framework and governance

Java Specification Participation Agreement (JSPA)

A legal contract between members and Oracle.

Addresses Intellectual Property (IP) grants and the terms under which the spec, RI, and TCK should be licensed.

http://www.jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/JSPA2.pdf.

The Process DocumentDefines the governance of the organization.

Defines the processes that are used to submit define, develop, review, approve, and maintain specifications.

Defines the obligations to produce an RI and TCK.

http://jcp.org/en/procedures/jcp2.

Roles

JCP Chair

Leads the organization and manages the PMO.

Program Management Office (PMO)Manages day-to-day operations of the organization.

Executive CommitteeVotes on JSRs at defined stages through the process.

Defines JCP governance, processes, and contractual terms of membership.

Expert GroupsCreate JSRs (write the spec, develop the RI and TCK.)

MembersReview specs, may participate in Expert Groups, vote in Executive Committee elections.

The Executive Committee

JSR 355 has merged the two previous Executive Committees (one for Java ME and one for Java SE & Java EE combined) into a single Committee.

The EC Meets approximately monthly by phone, 3 times a year face-to-face.

Meeting minutes and materials are public.

See http://jcp.org/en/resources/EC_summaries.

We hold two public teleconferences and one public f2f meeting each year.

We have a public mailing list for feedback.Sign up at http://java.net/projects/jcp-ec/lists.

Executive Committee elections

When the EC Merge is completed in October 2013 the EC will have 25 members.

Oracle has a permanent seat.

There are 16 ratified seats.

Oracle nominates candidates.

The entire JCP membership must approve via ballot.

The remaining 8 seats are elected (any JCP member may nominate themselves.)

Yearly elections reconfirm or replace half of the members.

Special elections are held to fill seats vacated by resignation.

Executive Committee responsibilities

Review and vote on all JSRs as they work through the process.

Evolve the JSPA and the Process Document.

The JSPA and Process Document are modified through the JSR process itself.

The Executive Committee serves as the Expert Group for JSRs that make these changes; the Chair is the Spec Lead.

JSR 99 originally defined the JSPA.

JSR 215 originally defined the Process Document.

A series of JSRs (collectively called JCP.next) is making further changes to the process.

More on this later.

Executive Committee membership

Stefano AndreaniAplixARM

Azul SystemsCinterionCloudBees

Credit SuisseEclipseEricsson

FujitsuGoldman SachsGoogle

HPIBMIntel

Werner KeilLondon Java CommunityNokia

OracleRed HatSAP

SouJavaTOTVSTwitter

Members listed in red are new to the EC as of November 2012.

The Spec Lead

The individual or institutional owner and driver of a JSR.

Recruits and organizes the activities of the Expert Group.

Responsible for delivering the Spec, RI, and TCK.

Intellectual Property rights to the technology incorporated in the JSR accrue to the Spec Lead. Subject to obligations incurred under the JSPA.

The Spec Lead is free to define the terms under which the RI, and TCK will be licensed.Subject to obligations incurred under the JSPA.

Oracle is the Spec Lead for the three existing Platforms: Java ME, Java SE, and Java EE.

The Expert Group

The Expert Group is recruited and led by the Spec Lead.

All members of the JCP are eligible to join.

Participation by all interested parties is encouraged and desirable.

The EG works as a team to define the JSR and to develop the Spec.

The RI and TCK are the Spec Leads responsibility.

The Expert Group must operate transparently, so that JCP members and the public can review and participate in its work.

The membership

Anyone can join.

Total membership is approximately 1200.

3700 registered users at jcp.org.

Fees:

Java Licensees: free.

Individuals: free

Java User Groups: free.

Non-profit organizations: $2K/year.

Commercial organizations: $5K/year.

Who are the members?

Membership distribution by type:

77% individual.

21% corporate.

2% non-profit.

Membership distribution by location:50% North America.

32% Europe and the Russian Federation.

13% Asia and the Middle East.

5% South America.

The JSR development cycle

JSR Submission

Identify the submitters, the Specification Lead(s), and the initial members of the Expert Group.

Describe the proposed specification and the reasons for developing it.

Identify the target Platform(s).

Estimate the development schedule.

Describe the working model the Expert Group will adopt, and how it will involve the community and the public.

Identify preexisting documents, technology descriptions, or implementations that might be used as a starting point.

Publish the licensing terms for the Spec, RI, and TCK.

JSR proposals are published on the JCP website.

JCP members, the Executive Committee, and the public review and comment.

JCP members may request to join the Expert Group during this period.

The Executive Committee votes on the JSR after the review period.

If the JSR is voted down, submitters have 14 days to revise and resubmit for a second vote; if this fails the JSR is closed.

JSR Review and Approval Ballot

Expert Group formation begins when the JSR is approved.

Members request to join the EG through an online form.

No size limit; Spec Leads should ensure that all interested parties are represented, but should keep the group small enough that it will be able to function efficiently.

Members may be added at any time, subject to the agreement of the existing membership.

The EG decides its mode of operation (communication mechanisms, meeting schedules, etc.)

Transparency and community involvement are required.

Expert Group formation

The Expert Group's first deliverable is the Early Draft.

Provides the JCP membership and the public with a draft that is detailed enough to generate useful feedback.

No fixed deadline for generating the draft EGs should take as long as they need (but no longer!)

Early Draft is published for review on the JCP website.Review period is typically 30 days but may be longer.

No ballot at this stage the purpose is to gather feedback.

EGs may choose to revise the draft and resubmit if feedback indicates that significant changes need to be made.OK to iterate through several Early Draft reviews.

Early Draft

Spec should be relatively complete before Public Review.

Expert Group should also be developing the RI and TCK while working on the spec.

Spec is published for review on the JCP website.

Review period is 3090 days (the EG decides how long).

All public comments should be considered and addressed.

The Public Draft Specification Approval Ballot takes place during the final 7 days of the review

If the ballot fails, the EG has 30 days to resubmit for a Reconsideration Ballot.If this ballot fails, the JSR is closed.

Public Review

The EG submits a Proposed Final Draft of the spec to the PMO.

This should incorporate and address feedback from the Public Review.

Spec is posted on the website for public download.

Proposed Final Draft

The EG prepares the Final Draft of the spec and completes the RI and TCK.

The TCK must meet quality and coverage goals.

The RI must pass the TCK.

A test appeals process must be defined.

Final RI and TCK licensing terms must be published.

The EC has two weeks to review these materials and to cast their votes in the Final Approval Ballot.

If the ballot fails the EG has 30 days to resubmit for a Reconsideration Ballot; if that fails, the JSR is closed.

Approved JSRs are posted for Final Release and may then be implemented commercially.

Final Approval and Release

Spec Leads are expected to make a long-term commitment to revise and update the spec, RI, and TCK.

The Spec Lead typically takes on the role of Maintenance Lead.

Reviews proposed changes in the Issue Tracker and decides which are to be included in the Maintenance Release.

30-day public Maintenance Review period followed by a seven-day ballot.

When the Spec, RI, and TCK are updated and published, the Maintenance Release is completed.

Maintenance

JSRR: JSR Review - Mandatory - 2 or 4 weeks.

JAB: JSR Approval Ballot - Mandatory - 2 weeks.

EDR: Early Draft Review - Mandatory - 30/45/60/90 days.

PR: Public Review - Mandatory - 30/45/60/90 days.

PRB: Public Review Ballot Mandatory - 7 days.

PFD: Proposed Final Draft - Mandatory - no time frame.

FAB: Final Approval Ballot - Mandatory - 2 weeks.

FR: Final Release - Mandatory.

MR: Maintenance Review - Mandatory 30 days.

MRB: Maintenance Review Ballot - Mandatory one week.

MREL: Maintenance Release - Mandatory.

Each stage must be completed before the EG moves on to the next.

Summary of JSR stages

Constitutional change (JCP.next)

Using the Process to change the Process

We modify the Process (as defined in the Process Document and the JSPA) by filing JSRs.

The Chair is the Spec Lead, and the Executive Committee members form the Expert Group.

Process-change JSRs go through all of the same stages as regular JSRs.

The output is a new version of the Process Document and/or the JSPA.

JCP.next

A series of three JSRs:

JSR 348: Towards a new version of the Java Community Process completed in October 2011.

This JSR focused on relatively simple changes that we were able to implement within about six months.

JSR 355: Executive Committee Merge completed in August 2012.

Implementation began in October 2012 and will be completed in October 2013.

JSR 358: A major revision of the Java Community Process is in progress now.This JSR will implement more complex changes and will modify the JSPA as well as the Process Document.

JCP.next.1 (JSR 348)

A limited and focused JSR

JSR 348 was deliberately focused on relatively simple changes that we were able to implement within about six months.

All complex matters, including anything that would require modifying the JSPA, were postponed until JCP.next.3.

The JSR was completed within 6 months and implemented a number of important changes in the following areas:

Transparency.

Participation.

Agility.

More on this later...

JCP.next.2 (JSR 355)

JSR 355 (the EC merge)

Because Java is One Platform, and because we expect ME and SE to converge over time, JSR 355 was introduced to merge the two Executive Committees into one.

This JSR will reduce the number of EC members and keep the same ratio (2:1) of ratified and elected seats.

Oracle will give up one of its permanent seats.

No other member may hold more than one seat.

No other significant changes to our processes.

Implementation plan

Reduce the size of the merged EC to 25 members.

Merge the ECs after the 2012 election and eliminate Oracle and IBM's second seats at this time.*

Allow members elected in 2010 to serve their full terms (until 2013) and then eliminate the remaining seats.

All members must stand for re-election in 2013.

Reconsider the goal of 25 seats before the 2013 election if we need to change this, do so with a Maintenance Release of JSR 355.

Switch to a two-year election cycle after 2013.

* After the 2012 elections we have several ratified seats in reserve for next year.

That was easy!

JCP.next.3 (JSR 358)

Modifying the JSPA

The JSPA has not been significantly modified since 2002. (some minor changes were introduced in 2005.)

Since then the organization and the environment in which we operate have changed significantly.

The document is due for updating and clean up.

However, it is extremely complex and difficult to understand.

We must be very careful when making changes.

Plus

All the lawyers will get involved

Our shopping list

Intellectual Property (IP) flow.

Compatibility policy.

Licensing and open-source.

Independent implementations.

The role of the RI.

The role of individuals.

Transparency.

Refactoring the JSPA.

Fee structure.

And lots more (see the Issue Tracker for the full list.)

Why it matters

The JSPA is the foundation of the Java ecosystem.

It defines the way in which IP is granted and the terms under which the spec, RI, and TCK must be licensed.

The JSPA ensures:

that implementations of Java are compatible,

that the technologies we incorporate into Java are safe from an IP perspective (we know who owns them,)

that people can implement them and use them with confidence.

Follow us on java.net

As JSR 348 mandates, all our work is carried out in public.

Start with our public java.net project.

There you will find links to:

The Observer mailing list (all Expert Group mail is copied here.)

The Issue Tracker.

The Document Archive (meeting agendas and minutes, task lists, and working drafts are published here.)

And so...

Putting the community back into the JCP

No more barriers to participation.

All members of the Java community can participate:

In the implemenation of the platform through OpenJDK and GlassFish.

In the evolution of the platform through the JCP.

If you care about the future of Java you have no excuse...

JCP.next.1 (JSR 348)

Transparency

Participation

Agility

Transparency

Expert Group transparency

Must do all substantive business on a public mailing list.

Must track issues in a public issue tracker.

Members of the public must be able to comment on the EG's work.

The EG must publicly respond to all comments.

License terms must be fully disclosed in advance.

Executive Committee transparency

Must hold semi-annual teleconferences and an annual open meeting at JavaOne.

All JCP members are free to attend these meetings.

Agenda will be chosen from topics suggested by members.

Must create a public mailing-list with archive for members to provide feedback to the ECs.

Private and non-normative EC policies and procedures made public and normative in new EC Standing Rules.

Escalation and Appeal process defined.Spec Leads, EG members and JCP members can appeal to the EC for help in resolving disputes.

Participation

Participation

Requests to join EGs, the Spec Lead's responses, and decisions to remove or replace EG members, must be reported on the EG's public alias.

Better processes for dealing with uncooperative, unresponsive, or disruptive EG members and Spec Leads.

EC members who miss two consecutive meetings lose their voting privileges until they have again attended two.

EC members who miss 5 meetings in a row or 2/3 of the meetings in a 12 month period lose their seat.

Several non-participating EC members lost their seats in 2012.

Agility

Agility

Time-outs for inactive JSRs.

Must reach Early Draft within 9 months, Public Draft one year after that, or Final Release within another year.

If not, the EC can initiate a JSR Renewal Ballot and may vote to withdraw the JSR.

Simplify the Maintenance Release process.

Clarify the Final Release and Maintenance processes to ensure that completed/updated Spec, RI, and TCK are posted promptly.

Ensure that links to RI and TCK are maintained.If broken and not fixed, JSR must revert to incomplete stage.

Results...

JSR 348 introduced version 2.8 of the Process.

It is now easier for JCP members and the public to observe and participate in the work of Expert Groups.

Transparency is the default mode of operation.

All new JSRs will be bound by the new rules.

Existing JSRs will be encouraged to voluntarily adopt them.

Now we need your participation!

JCP 2.8 went into effect in October 2011.

All JSRs started since then are run under this version of the Process.

Spec-Leads of in-flight JSRs are encouraged to voluntarily adopt the new Process.

On doing so they are required to operate transparently, and become subject to the new JSR deadlines.

JCP 2.8 progress report

There are 30 Active/In Progress JSRs.

22 Active JSRs are operating under version 2.8.

No Renewal Ballots yet.

10 JSRs have been initiated under JCP 2.8 (1 was rejected.)

13 JSRs have migrated to JCP 2.8.

2 JSRs are in the process of migration to JCP 2.8.

7 in-flight Active JSRs have not yet migrated.Excluding those that have already posted a Final or Maintenance Release.

The PMO encourages Spec Leads to migrate at milestone postings.

JCP 2.8 adoption

JSR 352, Batch Applications for the Java Platform (IBM) PR, November 2012.

JSR 353, Java API for JSON Processing (Oracle) EDR, September 2012.

JSR 354, Money and Currency API (Credit Suisse) JSR Review, February 2012.

JSR 355, EC Merge (Oracle) Final Release, August 2012.

JSR 356, Java API for WebSocket (Oracle) EDR, September 2012.

JSR 358, A major revision of the Java Community Process (Oracle) JSR Review, July 2012.

JSR 359, SIP Servlet 2.0 (Oracle) JSR Review, July 2012.

JSR 360, Connected Limited Device Configuration 8 (Oracle) JSR Review, October 2012.

JSR 361, Java ME Embedded Profile (Oracle) JSR Review, October 2012.

New JCP 2.8 JSRs

JSR 172, J2ME Web Services Specification (Oracle) MR, October 2011.

JSR 236, Concurrency Utilities for Java EE (Oracle) EG Formation, migrated March 2012.

JSR 338, Java Persistence 2.1 (Oracle) EDR2, November 2012.

JSR 339, JAX-RS 2.0: The Java API for RESTful Web Services (Oracle) PR, October 2012.

JSR 340, Java Servlet 3.1 Specification (Oracle) EDR, August 2012.

JSR 341, Expression Language 3.0 (Oracle) PR, August 2012.

JSR 343, Java Message Service 2.0 (Oracle) EDR, March 2012.

JSR 344, JavaServer Faces 2.2 (Oracle) EDR, December 2011.

JSR 345, Enterprise JavaBeans 3.2 (Oracle) EDR, February 2012.

Migrated JCP 2.8 JSRs (1)

JSR 346, Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java EE 1.1 (RedHat) PR, November 2012.

JSR 335, Lambda Expressions for the JavaProgramming Language (Oracle) EDR 2, July 2012.

JSR 337, Java SE 8 Release Contents (Oracle) EG Formation, migrated September 2012.

JSR 308, Annotations on Java Types (M. Ernst, Oracle) EDR 2, February 2012.

Migrated JCP 2.8 JSRs (2)

JSR 342, Java Platform, Enterprise Edition 7 (Java EE 7) Specification (Oracle) EDR2, November 2012.

JSR 310, Date and Time API (S. Colebourne, M. Santos, Oracle) EDR, September 2012.

JSRs in the process of adopting JCP 2.8

JSR 107, JCACHE - Java Temporary Caching API (G Luck, Oracle) EDR , October 2012.

JSR 302, Safety Critical Java Technology (Open Group) EDR, January 2011.

JSR 333, Content Repository API for Java Technology 2.1 (Adobe) EDR, September 2011.

JSR 347, Data Grids for the Java Platform (RedHat) JSR Review, April 2011.

JSR 349, Bean Validation 1.1 (RedHat) PR, October 2012, JCP 2.7

JSR 350, Java State Management (Oracle) JSR Review, August 2011.

JSR 351, Java Identity API (Oracle) JSR Review, September 2011.

JSRs that have not yet adopted JCP 2.8

Get involved!

Everyone is welcome

As a corporation:

To influence the technologies that drive your market.

Because it's cheaper than developing everything yourself.

To provide opportunities for your developers.

To increase the size of your market.

To gain a competitive advantage (ship new products faster.)

As an individual:Good karma!

Experience.

Fame and fortune.

Why participate?

How to participate?

As an individual OK.

As part of a team better.

Work through your JUG.

Help each other.

Teach each other.

Work with each other.

JUG members

BeJUG (Belgium)BreizhJUG (Brittany)Central Ohio JUG (USA)Connecticut JUG (USA)Detroit JUG (USA)Duchess (Women)FASOJUG (Burkina Faso)Houston JUG (USA)iJUG e.V. (Germany)IndiJava (India)Japan JUGJava Student User Group (Vienna)Java Web User Group (London)Jozi JUG (South Africa)JUG-AFRICAJUG Chennai (India)

JUG-EG (Egypt)JUGF (Germany)JUG IndonesiaJUG-MK (Macedonia)JUG-RU (Russia)JUG-USALondon Java Community (UK)Malaysia-JUGMoroccoJUGNashville JUG (United States)Oklahoma City JUG (USA)Rio JUG (Brazil)Riviera JUG (France)Ruhrjug (Germany)Silicon Valley JavaFX User Group (USA)SouJava (Brazil)Utah JUG (USA)Vancouver Island JUG (Canada)

JUG representation on the EC

SouJava (Bruno Souza, Fabio Velloso, Yara Senger):

Nominated by Oracle to a ratified seat on the SE/EE EC in the May 2011 Special Election.

London Java Community (Ben Evans, Martijn Verburg, Trisha Gee):Won an elected seat on the SE/EE EC in the May 2011 Special Election and re-elected in 2012.

Both have already made significant contributions to the work of the JCP.

Adopt a JSR!

Thank youand

What is it?

A JUG-lead initiative to improve Java standards.

Groups of JUG members work on JSRs.

See http://java.net/projects/adoptajsr for full details.

Why should JUGs get involved?

To move the entire Java ecosystem forward.

To speed up the standards-development process.

To become part of the solution as opposed to staying silent.

To be at the forefront of new technology.

To ensure that Java standards are practical and relevant for the real world as opposed to the ivory tower.

We need expert input from end-users and developers.

To ensure that Java standards are truly global.We need expert input from non-English speakers.

How can you join?

Contact your local JUG leader, or...

Go to http://java.net/projects/adoptajsr and follow the simple set-up steps described there:

Join the AdoptAJSR project.

Sign up for the mailing list.

How can you help?

Help to moderate the mailing lists; steer towards helpful conversations

Evangelize the JSR through social media, blogging or lightning talks.

Give a talk at your user group or online.

Help with documentation.Translate into your native language.

Help to maintain the FAQ/Wiki.

Improve project infrastructure and JSR visibility.Help set up JSR hosting (java.net, GitHub, etc.)

Help with Search Engine Optimization of website.

Ensure that downloads, mailing lists, issue trackers are easy to find.

How else can you help?

Test the early RI builds; use them to find pain points, report bugs, suggest feature enhancements.

Help triage issues; reproduce issues, erase/merge duplicates, set priorities/categories etc.

Give feedback on design; discuss issues and deliver feedback, think about how you would use the JSR as a developer.

Help build the RI; get coding with the actual implementation of the spec.

Help build the TCK; all implementations must pass the test suite this is a great way to gain test experience.

How to start an AdoptAJSR project

Start here: http://java.net/projects/adoptajsr/pages/Home#Leading_an_Adopt_a_JSR_effort.

Set up a wiki page to coordinate your activities e.g. http://java.net/projects/ljc-london-jug/pages/JSR-310.

Link that into the matrix at http://java.net/projects/adoptajsr/

Contact the Spec Lead & EG - find links on JSR pages e.g. http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=310

Mail your JUG members to gather interest.

Outline what the JSR is and why the JUG should get involved; identify areas that you want to work on; coordinate this with the Spec Lead.

Is the schedule for the JSR publicly available, current, and updated regularly?

Can the public read and/or write to a wiki for the JSR?

Is there a publicly accessible discussion board for the JSR that you read and respond to regularly?

Have you spoken at conferences and events about the JSR recently?

Are you using open-source processes for the development of the RI and/or the TCK?

What are the Terms of Use required to use the collaboration tools you have prepared to use with the Expert Group, so that prospective EG members can judge whether they are compatible with the JSPA?

Does the Community tab for my JSR have links to and information about all public communication mechanisms and sites for the development of my JSR?

Transparency checklist for new JSRs

Contact the Spec Leads of in-flight Active JSRs that have not yet migrated; encourage them to migrate to JCP 2.8.

Assist Spec Leads in the process of migrating to JCP 2.8.

Volunteer (through the Adopt-a-JSR programs Transparency sub-project) to help the PMO do transparency checks on JSRs.

Next steps

Transparency sub-project of the Adopt-a-JSR program hosted on java.net.

JUGs or individuals do transparency checks or audits on JSRs.

Provide qualitative and quantitative data to the community, Spec Leads, and the Program Office on the JSRs compliance with the JCPs transparency and participation requirements.

A matrix of results will be provided for each JSR actively operating under JCP 2.8 and above.

Adopt-a-JSR Transparency sub-project

The Transparency sub-project will host an online form for your input in areas such as:

The quality and utility of the public issue tracker.

How the Spec Lead and Expert Group communicate and interact on the JSRs public mailing list. Are issues being resolved and addressed?

Whether the Expert Group represents all relevant sectors of the Java community,

Whether the Expert Group has published a draft of the JSR and whether this represents a convergence of competing implementations.

Community-provided assessment

Participate in OpenJDK

Go to http://java.net/projects/adoptopenjdk/

Join the mailing list.

Join the IRC channel.

Or contact your local JUG leader.

Join the JCP

Join the JCP program as a corporation, non-profit,or individual.

Free for non-profits , Java User Groups, and individuals!

See http://jcp.org/en/participation/membership2

Register for an account on JCP.org.

Download, fill out, and scan, fax or mail the JSPA form to the JCP Program Office.

Levels of participation

Members.

Review specs, may participate in Expert Groups, vote in Executive Committee elections; flexible time commitment.

Expert Group members.Create JSRs (write the spec); expert in field, high time commitment, help drive the direction of the JSR; moderate time commitment.

Specification Leads.Responsible for leading the JSR & Expert Group (EG), delivery of spec, RI & TCK; a leading expert in area of JSR; considerable time commitment and recognition.

Executive Committee members.Define JCP governance, processes, and contractual terms of membership. Vote on JSRs at defined stages through the process. Moderate time commitment.

What's in it for me?

Advance your career.

Grow your network and reputation.

Make new contacts.

Improve your soft skills.Verbal and written communications.

Negotiation.

Collaboration.

Teamwork.

Have fun!

Make the future Java!

Questions?

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