jd¾;dj - nie resreport.pdf · 2017. 2. 12. · vi 28' is' à' .uf.a uhd - ys% ,xld...

I

.Ks;h yd .Ks;h bf.kSu iïnkaO jkjh fY%aKsfha YsIHhkaf.aixcdkk ms<sn| wOHhkh

jd¾;dj

.Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=jcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

uyr.u2015

II

mQ¾úldj

wm rfÜ .Ks; wOHdmkh kxjd,Su i|yd uE; ld,Sk j fkdfhl=;a m%h;ak ordwe;' wkd.;h i|yd ie,iqï ilia lr we;' tfy;a ;j u wm rfÜ .Ks; wOHdmkhms<sn| j mj;skafka hym;a ;;a;ajhla fkd fõ' 2013 j¾Ifha w'fmd'i' ^id'fm'& .Ks;hiu;a m%;sY;h 57'23]la fõ' idudkH fm< úNd.fha § .Ks;h wiu;a jk YsIH ixLHdj200 000la muK fõ' fuh cd;sl .eg¨jls' Wiia fm< .Ks; úIh Odrdj yodrk YsIHixLHdj 25 000 la muK jk w;r ixhqlaa; .Ks;h iu;a m%;sY;h 2012 j¾Ifha § 52] ls'Y%S ,xldj ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;akd rgla f,i i,lk l,ays .Ks; wOHdmkfha fuumiqnEu ixj¾Okhg wys;lr f,i n,mdk idOlhla ù we;'

2012 j¾Ifha cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha .Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska wvq ld¾hidOk o¾Ylhla iys; mdi,aj, .=rejreka yg m%;sld¾h b.ekaùu i|yd mqyqKq lsÍfïjevigykla ls%hd;aul lrk ,§' tu jevigyk hgf;a wvq idOk uÜgï iys; mdi,aj,gf.dia" tu mdi,aj, mj;akd ;;a;ajh ksßlaIKh lsÍug fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ks,OdÍkagwjia:dj ie,isK' tys § meyeÈ,s jQ tla lreKla jqfha YsIHhka ms<sn| j .=rejrhdf.awdl,amh iqnodhS fkdjk nj hs' tfia u we;eï YsIHhka .Ks;h ms<sn| j hym;a wdl,amfkdork nj;a olakg ,enqKs' we;eï isiqyq .Ks;hg we;s ìh iDcq f,i u m%ldY l<y'we;eï YsIHhka cHdñ;sh jeks úIh lreKqj,g Ydm lrk nj;a olakg ,enqKs' .=rejrhdf.ab.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh o úúOdldr úh' YsIHhka wkdjrKh lr f.k b.ekaùfï ksr;.=rejre úr, jQy' fuu ;;a;ajh hgf;a fï ms<sn| j wOHhkh lsÍug cd;sl wOHdmkwdh;kfha .Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=j ;SrKh lr"zz.Ks;h yd .Ks;h bf.kSu iïnkaO jkjh fY%aKsfha YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk ms<sn| wOHhkhZZ kñka fuu m¾fhaIKh ie,iqïlr ls%hd;aul lrk ,§'

iuia; Èjhsk u ksfhdackh jk mßÈ mdi,a ksheÈhla f;dard .eksKs' wOHhkhls%hd;aul lsÍfï § úúO l,dm ld¾hd,j, .Ks; úIh Ndr wOHlaIjrekaf.a yd .=reWmfoaYljrekaf.a iydh o;a; /ia lsÍu i|yd ,nd .kakd ,§' wOHhkh i|yd mdi,ardYshla b;d úYd, iyfhda.hla ,nd §u wmg ffO¾hhla úh' o;a; /ia lsÍu kd.ßlmdi,aj, § fuka u b;d ÿIalr mdi,aj, § o isÿlsÍu uy;a wNsfhda.hla fuka u i;=glaúh' /ia l< o;a; mß.Kl .; lsÍu" úYaf,aIKh lsÍu cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha § isÿlrk ,§'

,nd.;a o;a; .eUqre ixLHdk úoHd;aul Ys,amSh l%u hgf;a úYaf,aIKh lrk ,§'bka YsIHhkaf.aa yd .=rejrekaf.a ixcdkk ms<sn| j b;d jeo.;a lreKq rdYshla wkdjrKhúh' tu wkdjrK u; mokï j ks.uk yd fhdackd bÈßm;a lr we;'

wOHhkfhka ,nd.;a wkdjrK" ks.uk yd fhdackd wkd.; .Ks; wOHdmkhms<sn| j ;SrK .ekSfï § b;d m%fhdackj;a fjkq we;' tajd úIhud,d iïmdolhskag"we.hSï iïmdolhskag" úÿy,am;sjrekag yd .=rejrekag tlfia m%fhdackj;a fjkq we;'.=rejrekag YsIHhka ms<sn| j Okd;aul wdl,am we;s lr .ekSug" ;u jD;a;Sh ksmqK;djixj¾Okh lr .ekSug" úÿy,am;sjrekg ;u mdif,a fN!;sl yd bf.kqï mßir ks¾udKhlr .ekSug fmd,Ujk wkdjrK yd ks.uk /ila fuu wOHhkh u.ska bÈßm;a lr we;'tneúka wOHhkfha wkdjrK wka;¾cd,h yd fjk;a udOHh Tiafia m%pdrh lsÍug oie,iqï lr we;'

III

fuu wOHhkfha wkdjrK u; mokï j ;j;a úúO wOHhk rdYshla isÿ lsÍugfjk;a m¾fhaIlhskag wjia:dj we;' wmf.a we;eï wkdjrK i|yd fya;= úuiSu wOHhkhu.sska isÿ fkdúKs' NS;sh ms<sn| ixcdkk wOHhkfha § fidhd ne¨ j o Bg fya;= M,úuiSu wOHhkfha § isÿ fkdúKs' fjk;a m¾fhaIlhkag fï ms<sn| j fidhd ne,SugwjldY we;' wmg ,eî we;s uQ,Huh m%;smdok yd ld,h u; we;eï úYaf,aIK iSud lsÍugisÿ úh' tneúka fjk;a m¾fhaIlhskag tjeks úYaf,aIK i|yd o wjia:dj we;'

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha wOHlaI ckrd,a" ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a iy .Ks;fomd¾;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI hk ks,Odß uy;ajrekaf.a u. fmkaùu fuu wOHhkh i|ydfkdu| j ,eìKs' tfia u m<d;a yd l,dm wOHdmk wOHlaI" .Ks;h úIhNdr wOHlaI yd.=re WmfoaYljreka o fjk;a iïm;a mqoa.,hskaf.a o ls%hdYS,s iydh fkd,efnkakg fuuwOHhkh id¾:l fkdfjkq we;' Tjqka ish¨ fokdg wmf.a lD;{;dj mqo lruq'

fld<T úYaj úoHd,hfha wOHdmk mSGfha uydpd¾h pkaøodi jkaks.u" uydpd¾hlreKdksê" úY%dñl uydpd¾h rdcd .=Kj¾Ok hk uy;ajreka wOHhkfha § úfYaI{Wmfoia ,nd foñka wOHhkh ksjerÈ u.lg fhduq lsÍug .;a fufyhg o wmf.a ia;=;shmqo lruq'

fuu wOHhkfha wkdjrK wm rfÜ .Ks; wOHdmkh kxjd,Sfï jevigykaj,gud¾f.damfoaY imhkq we;' ±kqfï flakaøia:dkh lrd YS% ,xldj /f.k hk .ukg fuuwOHhkh o msájy,la fõjd hkak wmf.a taldhk m%d¾:kh hs'

Ô' t,a' lreKdr;akwOHhk lKavdhï kdhl.Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=jcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

IV

WmfoaYkhuydpd¾h .=Kmd, kdkdhlaldr"wOHlaI ckrd,a"uydpd¾h wfír;ak nKavdr"wOHlaI ckrd,a ^ysgmq&"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

tï' t*a' tia' mS' chj¾Ok"ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a"úoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

fla' wd¾' m;auisß"wOHlaI".Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh"

m¾fhaIKh fufyhùu yd iïnkaëlrKh

Ô' t,a' lreKdr;ak"fcHIaG wOHdmk{".Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

fou< udOH iïnkaëlrKh

tia' rdfckaøka"lÓldpd¾h".Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

m¾fhaIK lKavdhu

Ô' t,a' lreKdr;ak uhd - fcHIaG wOHdmk{Ô' mS' tÉ' fÊ' l=udr uhd - fcHIaG lÓldpd¾htï' tka' mS' mSßia ñh - lÓldpd¾htia' rdfÊkaøka uhd - lÓldpd¾hví,sõ' whs' Ô' r;akdhl ñh - lÓldpd¾htÉ' fla' ã' hQ' .=Kj¾Ok ñh - lÓldpd¾hmqIamsld wfír;ak ñh - lÓldpd¾h

úfYaI{ Wmfoia ,nd §u

uydpd¾h rdcd .=Kj¾Ok ^ úY%dñl &uydpd¾h tia' lreKdksê" wOHdmk mSGh" fld<U úYaj úoHd,huydpd¾h pkaøodi jkaks.u" wOHdmk mSGh" fld<U úYaj úoHd,h

V

mß.Kl o;a; úYaf,aIKh (

tï' ks,añKs mS mSßia ñh"lÓldpd¾h".Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=j'

mß.Kl msgq ieliSu ( fla' fk,sld fiakdks ñh".Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=j'pkaød ,shkf.a ñh".Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=j'

mßfhaIK iydh (

1' ã'ta'tia'ã' r;akdhl ñh - úY%dñl m%Odk jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ

2' tka'Ô' fifkúr;ak uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" foys´úg l,dmh

3' wd¾'mS'ã'iS' chisxy uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" foys´úg l,dmh

4' chïm;a f,dl=uqo,s uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh 2

5' à' úl%u iqßh uhd - úY%dñl .=re WmfoaYl

6' mS' iqfoaYka uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh 2

7' fjkqfldamka uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh 3

8' tÉ'tï'ta'chfiak uhd - úY%dñl .=re WmfoaYl

9' tï'tï'tia'fla udrisxy ñh - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh 1

10' ù'whskafldarka uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh 3

11' tka' r.=kdoka uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh 1

12' à' lsßksjdika uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh 1

13' tia' Ikauq.,ska.ï uhd - lÓldpd¾h" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

14' iS' úfÊisxy ñh - .=re WmfoaYl" fld<U l,dmh

15' ta' tï' tka' fla' wfíisxy uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" ñkqjkaf.dv l,dmh

16' wd¾' ta' iqßh nKavdr uhd - i'w'w' le<Ksh l,dmh

17' ví' tï' à' fla' wfír;ak uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" YS% chj¾Ok mqr l,dmh

18' fla' lreKdr;ak uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" fld<U l,dmh

19' tka' ta' ta' mS' ksYaYxl uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" .ïmy l,dmh

20' Ô' ta' tï' .dñKS r;akdhl uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" ó.uqj l,dmh

21' fla' fla' iqks,a uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" u;=.u l,dmh

22' ví' tï' mS' mS' ùrfldaka uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh 3

23' tka' iS' veksfh,a uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh 2

24' à' tï' fÊ' î' f;kakfldaka uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh 3

25' tia' ;ñ,afi,ajï uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh 2

26' ã' tia' fÊ' fld;,dj, ñh - .=re WmfoaYl" wïn,kaf.dv l,dmh

27' wd¾' Ô' wd¾' O¾ur;ak uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" we,amsáh l,dmh

VI

28' iS' à' .uf.a uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh 2

29' ví' ta' wfír;ak uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" fudrjl l,dmh

30' ví' ta' mS' úl%ur;ak ñh - .=re WmfoaYl" Wvq.u l,dmh

31' jhs' fla' talkdhl ñh - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh 2

32' tÉ' mS' B' wd¾' tia' ohdj;S ñh - .=re WmfoaYl" j,iauq,a, l,dmh

33' fla' wys,ka uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" j,slduï l,dmh

34' î' nd,pkaøka ñh - i' w' w' " jõkshdj ol=K l,dmh

35' à' isjfida;s uhd - i' w' w' " ls,sfkdÉÑ l,dmh

36' fla' rdupkaøka uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" jõkshdj W;=r l,dmh

37' tka' tï' tï' *Íâ uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" uvl,mqj uOHu l,dmh

38' ta' t,a' tï' uqia;dmd uhd - .=re WmfoaYl' wlalfrhsm;a;= l,dmh

39' tï' tia' tï' isßcqãka uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" iïuka;=frhs l,dmh

40 tia' Ikauq.odika - .=re WmfoaYl" ;s%l=Kdu,h l,dmh

41 fla' rúpkaøka uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" uq;=¾ l,dmh

42 jhs' tï' wd¾' frdydka hdmd uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" miair l,dmh

43 ù' ;ñ,a fi,ajï uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh 1

44 ã' wd¾' úchisß uhd - i' w' w' " je,a,jdh l,dmh

45 tÉ' whs' hq' ã' fidhsid uhd - i' w' w' " ìì, l,dmh

46 mS' .=Kmd, uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" l,jdk l,dmh

47 Ô' wd¾' ta' udfk,a nKavdr ñh - .=re WmfoaYl" udjke,a, l,dmh

48 ta' ã' lu,a .S;foaj uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" udjke,a, l,dmh

49 ví' à' tia' fÊ' .=ref.or uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" foys´úg l,dmh

50 wd¾' tï' mS' tï' l=udßydñ ñh - .=re WmfoaYsld" ksljeráh fldÜGdih

51 fÊ' tï' ta' Èiakd pdkaokS is,ajd ñh-.=re WmfoaYl"wdrÉÑlÜgqj fldÜGdih

52 fla' t,a' ã' tka' ;s,lr;ak uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" mvqjiakqjr fldÜGdih

53 tia' Y%Sl=.ka uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" uÿrkal=,sh fldÜGdih

54 fla' Ô' r;akdhl uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" l=reKE., fldÜGdih

55 tï' ã' huqkd fukaäia ñh - .=re WmfoaYl" wkqrdOmqrh l,dmh'

56 mS' fidaur;ak uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh 1

57 cS' wd¾' úu,iqßh uhd - i'w'w' " nKavdrfj, l,dmh'

58 tÉ' Ô' ù' mS' úl%uisxy ñh - úY%dñl .=re WmfoaYsld'

59 ta' fla' î'ch,;a.u uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" uyj l,dmh'

VII

ixlaIsma;h

wm rfÜ .Ks;h" .Ks;h yd Rcq f,i iïnkaO úIhj, idOk uÜgï i;=gqodhlfkdjk nj w' fmd' i' ^id' fm<& yd w' fmd' i' ^W' fm'& .Ks;h" .Ks;h yd iïnkaOúIhj, m%;sM, úYaf,aIK fmkajd fohs' fuu ;;a;ajh ms<sn| j úuid wkdjrK ,nd.ekSu i|yd .Ks;h yd .Ks;h bf.kSu iïnkaO j kjh fY%aKsfha YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkkms<sn| wOHhkh ie,iqï lrk ,§' .Ks;h yd .Ks;h bf.kSu iïnkaO j kjh fY%aKsfhaYsIHhskaf.a ixcdkk flfrys n,mdk idOl y÷kd .ekSu wOHhkfha wNsu:d¾:h hs'

wOHhkh i|yd uq¿ osjhsk u wdjrKh jk fia wyUq f,i mdi,a 75 la f;dard.kakd ,o w;r bka mdi,a 74lska ,nd.;a o;a; wOHhkh i|yd fhdod .kakd ,oS' wOHhkhg1AB, 1C, 2 j¾.fha mdi,aj, YsIHfhda 1409 la iy .=rejre 66 la iyNd.s jQy' f;dard.;amdi,aj, o;a; /ia lsÍu i|yd tu mdi,a wh;a l,dm úiska kï lrk ,o m¾fhaIKiydhlhska iyNd.s lr.;a w;r Tjqka i|yd tla Èk mqyqKqjla cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfhaoS yd jõkshdj l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,fha § ,nd fok ,§' m¾fhaIK iydhlhskag wu;rj cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha .Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ks,OdÍka o Tjqka yd tla j o;a;/ia lsÍu isÿ lrk ,§'

wOHhkh i|yd m%udKd;aul m¾fhaIK m%fõYh fhdod .eKsks' o;a; /ialsÍu i|ydm¾fhaIK WmlrK 4la Wmfhda.S lr.kakd ,§' YsIHhka i|yd m%Yakdj,sh" YsIHhkaf.aixl,am idOk uÜgï uekSu i|yd m%Yak m;%h" .=rejreka i|yd m%Yakdj,sh iy mdi,skaf;dr;=re ,nd .ekSfï m;s%ldj tu WmlrK 4 úh' YsIH m%Yakdj,sh" idudkH oelau" NS;sh"wkd.; wfmalaIK" wd;au úYajdih" .=re N+ñldj iy .Ks; f;aud hk lafIa;% yfhka hqla;úh' YsIH m%Yak m;%h .Ks;fha f;aud yh;a wruqKq my;a ksfhdackh jk mßÈ ilia lrk,§'

/ia lrk ,o o;a; cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha § mej;s jevuq¿ 5l § úYaf,aIKhlrk ,§' mß.Kl .; lrk ,o o;a; úYaf,aIKh i|yd Execll yd SPSS uDÿldx. Ndú;lrk ,§'

YsIH idOk uÜgu uekSu i|yd Wmfhda.S lr .;a m%Yak m;%fha ,l=Kq úYaf,aIKhwkqj" I m;%h i|yd uq¿ ,l=Kq ixLHdj 60la jk w;r II m;%h i|yd uq¿ ,l=Kq ixLHdj40 ls' fï ,l=Kq wkqj I m;%fha uOHkHh 25'68 ls' I m;%hg YsIHhka ,nd.;a ,lKq wdikakjYfhka m%u; j jHdma;j we;' II m;%fha uOHkHh 10'61 ls' II m;%hg YsIHhka ,nd.;a,l=Kqj, jHdma;sh Ok l=ál jk w;r YsIHhka ,nd .;a uq¿ ,l=Kqj, jHdma;sh o Okl=ál ,laIK fmkakqï lrhs' YsIHhkaf.a wjidk ,l=Kqj, uOHkHh 36'29 ls' iïu;wm.ukh 18'53 ls' fuh t;rï i;=gqodhl uÜgula fkdfõ' m%;sY;l m%;sudK wkqj ie,l+úg YsIHhkaf.ka 75% la uq¿ ,l=Kq 49la fyda Bg wvqfjka ,nd we;' 50% la uq¿ ,l=Kq 32la fyda Bg wvqfjka ,nd we;' by; lreKq j,ska wjOdrKh jkafka .Ks;h iïnkaO jYsIH idOkh my< uÜgul mj;sk nj hs' f;aud wkqj YsIH idOk uÜgïj, fjfiisfjkila fmkakqï lr we;' ùc .Ks;h myiq u f;audj ù we;s w;r cHdñ;sh ÿIalr uf;audj ù we;' jeä u ,l=Kq ,nd .;a YsIHhka jeä m%;sY;hla ixLHd f;audjg wh;a w;rwvqu ,l=Kq ,nd.;a YsIHhka jeä m%;sY;hla cHdñ;sh f;audjg wh;a fõ' .Ks;fha f;audw;r ixl,am idOkfha fjfiis fjkila fmkakqï lrhs'

VIII

idudkH ±lau" NS;sh wkd.; wfmalaIK" wd;au úYajdih yd .=re N+ñldj ms<sn|nyq;r YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk Okd;aul fõ' NS;sh ms<sn| j YsIHhkaf.a m%;spdrj, uOHia:hwfkla lafIa;%j, uOHia:hg jvd wvq w.hls' NS;sh ms<sn| ixcdkk Okd;aul jqj o thuOHia: uÜgug wdikak fõ'

idudkH ±lau" yd wd;au úYajdih ms<sn| ixcdkk by< Ok w.hlska hqla; fõ'YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk mdi,a j¾.h fyda mqñ;sßnj wkqj fjkia fkdfõ' kd.ßl nj"ÿIalr nj" fyda udOHh wkqj o YsIH ixcdkkj, úYd, fjkila fmkakqï fkdlrhs' YsIHixcdkk lafIa;% m%n, f,i tlsfklg ne`§ mj;sk w;r tu lafIa;% yd YsIH idOkh w;rby< Ok iyiïnkaOhla we;' tkï by< idOk uÜgï fmkakqï lrk YsIHhska Okd;aulixcdkk iys; wh fõ'

.Ks;h úIh f;aud" .Ks; m%Yak m;%fha iajNdjh" .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh" .Ks;hms<sn| YsIHhkaf.aa ixcdkk" mdi,a j¾.h" mdi,a wh;a m<d;a md,k n, m%foaY ldKavh".=re N+ñldj" .=rejrekaf.a wOHdmk yd jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï" mdi,a mßirh" mka;s ldurjd;djrKh" úIh iu.dó ls%hdldrlï" YslaIK úoHd;aul m%fõY" YsIHhkaf.a .Ks; idOkuÜgï yd iïnkaO úp,Hhka f,i wOHhkfhka y÷kdf.k we;'

mdi, i;= fN!;sl yd uQ,H iïm;a" mdi,a mßmd,kh" m%jdyk myiqlï" jD;a;Shixj¾Ok wjia:d" fm!oa.,sl lreKq ms<sn| j .=rejrekaf.a woyiA idOkSh fõ' mdif,amejÍ we;s ld¾hh m%udKh" úIh iu.dó ls%hdldrlï" jD;a;Sh mqyqKqj" mka;s ldur jd;djrKh.=rejrekaf.a .Ks;h b.ekaùfï ls%hdj,sh flfrys n,mdk úp,Hhla f,i wOHhkfhkafy<s ù we;'

.Ks;h flfrys ìh ;=rka lsÍu" ms%h ukdm mdi,a mßir we;s lsÍu' kuHYS,s mka;sldur ks¾udKh lsÍu" úIh iu.dó ls%hdldrlï kxjd,Su" .=rejrekaf.a wOHdmk ydjD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï kxjd,Su i|yd myiqlï imhd §u" fuu wOHhkfhka lrkq ,nkfhdackd w;r fõ' ÿIalr f;aud i|yd m%udKj;a ld,hla fjkalr §u yd ta i|yd iqÿiqYslaIK úoHd;aul m%fõY y÷kajd §u l< hq;= njg úIhud,d iïmdolhskag fhdackdflf¾' YsIHhskag jvd;a ys;lr m%Yak jHqy wvx.= iïu; lrk ,o m%Yak we.hSï ls%hdj,shi|yd fhdod .; hq;= njg we.hSï WmlrK ilikakkag fhdackd flf¾' mdi,a ;=< iyDoiïnkaO;d j¾Okh lr .ekSu yd Y%jH oDYH WmlrK iduqysl j ;kd .ekSu flfrysmdi,a n,OdÍkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq lsÍug o fhdackd flf¾'

IX

j.= ,ehsia;=j

msgqjj.=j 1'1 idudkH fm< yd Wiia fm< .Ks;h úIhh iu;a m%;sY;

yd Wiia fm< .Ks;h úIhhg fmkS isá ixLHdj 3j.=j 1'2 wOHhkh i|yd tla tla f;audfjka f;drd.;a m%Yak ixLHdj 6

j.=j 2'1 YsIH;aj úNd.fha ,l=Kqj, uOHkH iy iïu; wm.ukh 8j.=j 2'2 w'fmd'i'^idudkH fm<& úNd.fha .Ks; úIhfha iu;a m%;sY;"

uOHkHh yd iïu; wm.ukh 9j.=j 2'3 w'fmd'i'^W'fm<& úNd.fha .Ks; úIhhg fmkS isá YsIH ixLHd 10j.=j 2'4 w'fmd'i'^W'fm<& úNd.fha .Ks; úIhhka iu;a m%;sY; 10j.=j 2'5 w'fmd'i'^W'fm<& úNd.fha § .Ks; úIhhka i|yd YsIHhka

,nd .;a ,l=Kqj, uOHkHh yd iïu; wm.ukh 11j.=j 2'6 w'fmd'i'^W'fm<& úNd.fha .KldêlrK úIhh iu;a m%;sY;"

uOHkHh yd iïu; wm.ukh 12

j.=j 3'1 ksheÈh i|yd f;dard .kakd ,o mdi,a ixLHdj 17j.=j 3'2 YsIH m%Yakdj,sfha m%Yakj, jHdma;sh 18j.=j 3'3 .Ks;h bf.kSfï wruqKq yd f;aud wkqj m%Yak 19j.=j 3'4 .Ks;h f;aud yh u yd wruqKq my u ksfhdackh jk fia imhk

m%Yak m;%fhys wvx.= jq m%Yak ixLHdj 20

j.=j 4'1 udOH wkqj YsIH jHdma;sh 23j.=j 4'2 mdi,a j¾.h wkqj YsIH jHdma;sh 23j.=j 4'3 m<d;a md,k n, m%foaY wkqj YsIH jHdma;sh 23j.=j 4'4 kd.ßl" .%dóh nj wkqj YsIH jHdma;sh 24j.=j 4'5 udOH wkqj mdi,a jHdma;sh 24j.=j 4'6 mdi,a j¾.h wkqj YsIH jHdma;sh 24j.=j 4'7 nd,l" nd,sld ñY% mdi,a jHdma;sh 25j.=j 4'8 udOH wkqj .=re jHdma;sh 25j.=j 4'9 mqñ;sßnj wkqj .=re jHdma;sh 25j.=j 4'10 wOHdmk iqÿiqlï wkqj .=re jHdma;sh 26j.=j 4'11 jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï wkqj .=re jHdma;sh 26j.=j 4'12 m<d;a wkqj .=re jHdma;sh 27j.=j 4'13 mdi,a j¾.h wkqj .=re jHdma;sh 27j.=j 4'14 m<d;a md,k n, m%foaYh wkqj .=re jHdma;sh 27j.=j 4'15 fiajd ld,h wkqj .=re jHdma;sh 28j.=j 4'16 m%Yak m;%hg W;a;r iemhQ YsIH jHdma;sh - udOH wkqj 28j.=j 4'17 m%Yak m;%hg YsIHhka ,nd .;a ,l=Kq ms<sn| o;a; 29j.=j 4'18 mqñ;sß nj wkqj ,l=Kq jHdma;sh 31j.=j 4'19 udOH wkqj ,l=Kq jHdma;sh 32j.=j 4'20 mdi,a j¾.h yd m<d;a md,k n, m%foaY wkqj ,l=Kq jHdma;sh 32j.=j 4'21 YsIH m%Yakdj,shg YsIHhka ±la jQ m%;spdrj, m%;sY; 38j.=j 4'22 f;dard .;a lafIa;% wkqj m%Yak ixLHd 42j.=j 4'23 YsIH m%;spdrj, uOHia:h 42

X

j.=j 4'24 mdi,a j¾.h wkqj YsIH m%;spdrj, uOHia:h 43j.=j 4'25 mqñ;sßnj wkqj YsIH m%;spdrj, uOHia:h 43j.=j 4'26 m<d;a md,k n, m%foaY wkqj YsIH m%;spdrj, uOHia:h 43j.=j 4'27 kd.ßl mdi,a yd ÿIalr mdi,a wkqj YsIH m%;spdrj, uOHia:h 44j.=j 4'28 udOHh wkqj YsIH m%;spdrj, uOHia:h 44j.=j 4'29 m<d;a md,k n, m%foaY wkqj idudkH ±lau ms<sn| YsIH

m%;spdr uÜgï 45j.=j 4'30 mdi,a j¾.h wkqj idudkH ±lau ms<sn| YsIH m%;spdr 46j.=j 4'31 mqñ;sß nj wkqj idudkH ±lau ms<sn| YsIH m%;spdr 46j.=j 4'32 m<d;a md,k n, m%foaY uÜgfuka .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh

iïnkaO m%;spdr 47j.=j 4'33 udOHh wkqj .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh iïnkaO m%;spdr 48j.=j 4'34 mdi,a j¾.h wkqj .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh iïnkaO m%;spdr uÜgï 48j.=j 4'35 mqñ;sß nj wkqj .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh iïnkaO m%;spdr 49j.=j 4'36 m<d;a md,k n, m%foaY wkqj wkd.; wfmalaIK ms<sn| YsIH

m%;spdr uÜgï 50j.=j 4'37 udOHh wkqj wkd.; wfmalaIK ms<sn| YsIH m%;spdr uÜgï 50j.=j 4'38 mdi,a j¾.h wkqj wkd.; wfmalaIK ms<sn| YsIH m%;spdr uÜgï 51j.=j 4'39 mqñ;sß nj wkqj wkd.; wfmalaIK ms<sn| YsIH m%;spdr uÜgï 52j.=j 4'40 m<d;a md,k n, m%foaYh wkqj wd;au úYajdih ms<sn| YsIH

m%;spdr uÜgï 53j.=j 4'41 udOHh wkqj wd;au úYajdih ms<sn| YsIH m%;spdr uÜgï 53j.=j 4'42 mdi,a j¾.h wkqj wd;au úYajdih ms<sn| YsIH m%;spdr uÜgï 54j.=j 4'43 mqñ;sß nj wkqj wd;au úYajdih ms<sn| YsIH m%;spdr uÜgï 55j.=j 4'44 29 m%Yakhg YsIH m%;spdr 56j.=j 4'45 30 m%Yakhg YsIH m%;spdr 56j.=j 4'46 31 m%Yakhg YsIH m%;spdr 58j.=j 4'47 iuia; ixcdkkfha uOHkHh 59j.=j 4'48 YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk w;r fjfiis fjki i|yd t mÍlaIdj 60j.=j 4'49 iuia; m%Yak m;%fha f;audj,g ,enQ YsIH m%;spdrj,g m%;sY;h 61j.=j 4'50 tla tla úIh f;audfõ ,l=Kqj, uOHkH w;r fjki 63j.=j 4'51 úIh f;audj, ,l=Kq w;r iyiïnkaOh 64j.=j 4'52 YsIH ,l=Kq iy YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk w;r iyiïnkaOh^1 m;%h& 65j.=j 4'53 YsIH ,l=Kq iy YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk w;r iyiïnkaOh^2 m;%h& 66j.=j 4'54 YsIHhska ,nd.;a uq¿ ,l=Kq iy YsIH ixcdkk w;r iyiïnkaOh 67j.=j 4'55 f;dard .;a f;aud wkqj m%Yak ixLHdj 68j.=j 4'56 kjh fY%aKsfha .Ks;h b.ekaùu i|yd Ndú; lsÍug jvd;a

fhda.H YslaIK úoHd;aul l%u 68j.=j 4'57 .=rejreka nyq, j Ndú; lrkq ,nk YslaIK úoHd;aul m%fõY 69j.=j 4'58 .Ks; ixl,am idOkh jvd fyd¢ka isÿjk YslaIK

úoHd;aul l%ufõoh 70j.=j 4'59 .=rejrekaf.a wOHdmk iqÿiqlï yd YsIHhska ,nd .;a

,l=Kqj, ixLHd;s 72j.=j 4'60 tla tla jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï iys; .=rejrekag wod< YsIH ixLHd 73j.=j 4'61 .=rejrekaf.a jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï yd YsIHhska ,nd .;a

,l=Kqj, ixLHd;s 73

XI

j.=j 4'62 .=rejrekaf.a mqñ;sßnj yd YsIH ixLHd 74j.=j 4'63 .=rejrekaf.a mqñ;sßnj yd YsIHhska ,nd .;a ,l=Kqj, ixLHd;s 75j.=j 4'64 .=re m%Yakdj,sfha yhjk m%Yakhg ,enqKq m%;spdr 76j.=j 4'65 .Ks;h b.ekaùu ms<sn| ;Dma;su;a nj ms<sn| .=re m%;spdr 77j.=j 4'66 .=re N+ñldj ms<sn| ork wdl,am 78j.=j 4'67 .Ks;h b.ekaùug n,mdk idOk ms<sn| .=re wdl,am 79j.=j 4'68 jD;a;Sh ixj¾Ok wjia:djkag iyNd.s ùu ms<sn| .=re wdl,am 80j.=j 4'69 wfkl=;a .=rejreka iu. wka;¾ iïnkaO;d mj;ajk wdldr

ms<sn| .=re ixcdkk 82j.=j 4'70 mdif,a m%shukdm nj ms<sn| j bÈßm;a l< m%;spdr 83j.=j 4'71 mdif,a .Ks;uh miqìu ms<sn| j ±la jQ m%;spdr 84j.=j 4'72 .Ks;h b.ekaùug mka;s ldurfha fhda.H;dj 85j.=j 4'73 mdif,a m%shukdm nj yd YsIH idOkh 86j.=j 4'74 .Ks;uh miqìu yd YsIH idOkh 87j.=j 4'75 mdi,a mka;s ldurfha miqìu YsIH idOkh flfrys olajk n,mEu 88

rEm ,ehsia;=j

rEmh 2'1 f;aud wkqj 5 fY%aKsh YsIH;aj úNd.h 11 m;%h úYaf,aIKh 8

rEmh 3'1 ixl,am idOk uÜgï uekSu i|yd m%Yak m;%h ieliSugwod< ks,amf;a wdlD;sh 19

rEmh 4'1 .Ks;h 1 m;%h i|yd YsIHhka ,nd.;a ,l=Kq ksrEmKhflfrk cd, f¾Lh ^m%u; jl%h iu.& 29

rEmh 4'2 .Ks;h 11 m;%h i|yd YsIHhka ,nd.;a ,l=Kq ksrEmKhflfrk cd, f¾Lh ^m%u; jl%h iu.& 30

rEmh 4'3 YsIHhka ,nd.;a uq¿ ,l=Kq ksrEmKh flfrk cd, f¾Lh^m%u; jl%h iu.& 30

rEmh 4'4 .Ks;h 1 yd .Ks;h 11 m%Yak m;%j,g YsIHhka ,enQ,l=Kqj, m%;smdhkh 31

rEmh 4'5 myiq;d o¾Ylh - .Ks;h 1 m%Yak m;%h 35rEmh 4'6 myiq;d o¾Ylh - .Ks;h 11 m%Yak m;%h 36rEmh 4'7 f;aud wkqj ,l=Kq jHdma;sh 36rEmh 4'8 f;aud wkqj ,l=Kq mrdi yd YsIH m%;sY;h 37rEmh 4'9 YsIH m%Yakdj,shg m%;spdr ±la jQ YsIH ixLHd 40rEmh 4'10 YsIH m%Yakdj,sfha tla tla m%Yak i|yd m%;spdr ±la jQ YsIH m%;sY;h41rEmh 4'11 m<d;a md,k n, m%foaY wkqj .Ks;h ms<sn| idudkH ±lau 45rEmh 4'12 mdi,a j¾.h wkqj idudkH ±lau ms<sn| m%;spdr 46rEmh 4'13 mqñ;sß nj wkqj idudkH ±lau ms<sn| m%;spdr 47rEmh 4'14 m<d;a md,k n, m%foaYh wkqj .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh 47rEmh 4'15 udOHh wkqj .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh 48rEmh 4'16 mdi,a j¾.h wkqj .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh 49rEmh 4'17 mqñ;sß nj wkqj .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh 49rEmh 4'18 m<d;a md,k n, m%foaYh wkqj wkd.; wfmalaIK 50rEmh 4'19 udOHh wkqj YsIH wkd.; wfmalaIK 51

XII

rEmh 4'20 mdi,a j¾.h wkqj wkd.; wfmalaIK 51rEmh 4'21 ia;%S mqreI Ndjh wkqj wkd.; wfmalaIK 52rEmh 4'22 m<d;a md,k n, m%foaYh wkqj wd;au úYajdih 53rEmh 4'23 udOHh wkqj wd;au úYajdih 54rEmh 4'24 mdi,a j¾.h wkqj wd;au úYajdih 54rEmh 4'25 ia;%S mqreI Ndjh wkqj wd;au úYajdih 55rEmh 4'26 f;aud wkqj YsIH m%;spdr ^YsIH ixLHdj& 57rEmh 4'27 f;aud wkqj YsIH m%;spdr ^m%;sY;& 57rEmh 4'28 9 fY%aKsfha .Ks;h b.ekaùug fhda.H YslaIK úoHd;aul m%fõY 69rEmh 4'29 .=rejreka Ndú; lrkq ,nk YslaIk úoHd;aul m%fõY 70rEmh 4'30 YsIHhska fyd¢ka .Ks; ixl,am idOkh lrkq ,nk YslaIK

úoHd;aul m%fõY 71rEmh 4'31 .=rejrekaf.a wOHdmk iqÿiqlï yd YsIHhskaf.a ,l=Kq 74rEmh 4'32 .=rejrekaf.a jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï yd YsIHhskaf.a ,l=Kq 74rEmh 4'33 .=rejrekaf.a mqñ;sßnj yd YsIHhskaf.a ,l=Kq ms<sn|

fldgq fl¢ igyk 75rEmh 4'34 YsIHhska ms<sn| .=rejrekaf.a ixcdkk 76rEmh 4'35 .Ks;h b.ekaùu ms<sn| ;Dma;su;a nj ms<sn| .=re m%;spdr 77rEmh 4'36 .=re wdl,am m%;sY;& 78rEmh 4'37 .=re N+ñldj ms<sn| m%;spdr 79rEmh 4'38 .Ks;h bf.kSug n,mdk idOl ms<sn| .=re wdl,am 80rEmh 4'39 jD;a;Sh ixj¾Ok wjia:djkag iyNd.sùu 81rEmh 4'40 wfkl=;a .=rejreka iu. wka;¾ iïnkaO;d mj;ajk wdldr

ms<sn| .=re ixcdkk 82rEmh 4'41 mdif,a m%shukdm nj - jg m%ia;drh 83rEmh 4'42 mdif,a .Ks;uh miqìu ms<sn| j ±la jQ m%;spdr - m%;sY; 84rEmh 4'43 .Ks;h b.ekaùu i|yd mka;s ldurfha fhda.H;djh 85rEmh 4'44 mdif,a m%shukdm nj yd YsIH idOkh ms<sn| fldgq fl¢ igyk 86rEmh 4'45 .Ks;uh miqìu yd YsIH idOkh ms<sn| fldgq fl¢ igyk 87rEmh 4'46 mka;s ldur miqìu yd YsIH idOkh 89

XIII

mgqk

ixlaIsma;h VII

j.= ,ehsia;=j IX

rEm ,ehsia;=j XI

1' ye¢kaùu

1'1 wOHhk ud;Dldj 1

1'2 wOHhkfha miqìu 1

1'3 wOHhkfha jeo.;alu 4

1'4 wOHhkfha wruqKq 5

1'5 wOHhkfha iSud 5

1'6 wOHhkfha mo ks¾jpk 7

2' idys;H úu¾Ykh 8

3' m¾fhaIK l%ufõoh 16

4' o;a; bÈßm;a lsÍu" úYaf,aIKh yd w¾:l:kh 23

5' wkdjrK" ks.uk yd fhdackd 90

wdY%s; .%ka: 100

Wm .%ka: 101

1

1' ye¢kaùu

1'1 wOHhk ud;Dldj (

.Ks;h yd .Ks;h bf.kSu iïnkaO j kjh fY%aKsfhaYsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk ms<sn| wOHhkh

1'2 wOHhkfha miqìu

wm rfÜ mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.a .Ks;h úIh idOk uÜgï w;r oeä úIu;d mj;S'wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% idudkH fm< úNd.fha § .Ks;h 50] la muK o" wOHhk fmdÿiy;sl m;% Wiia fm< úNd.fha § ixhqla; .Ks;h 50] la muK o wiu;a fõ' tneúka.Ks;h yd .Ks;h bf.kSu ms<sn| j YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk úuid ne,Su cd;sl wOHdmkwdh;kfha j.lSuls'

Y%S ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd§ ckrcfha md¾,sfïka;=fõ 1985 j¾Ifha wxl 28orK mkf;a i|yka ù we;s cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha wruqKq w;r ^we& hgf;a olajdwe;af;a wOHdmk moaO;sfhys ld¾h idOkh" wruqKq jHqy" úIh m%udKh iy úê úoHdj owe;=`M j wOHdmk l%uh ms<sn| j iy wOHdmkfha iuia;h wd¾Ól yd fjk;a wxY ms<sn|j wOHhk mj;ajdf.k hdu yd m%j¾Okh lsÍu o" wE& hgf;a wOHdmk moaO;sfha kùlrKl%shdj,sh wdrïN lsÍu yd m%j¾Okh lsÍu o fõ' fï wkqj cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha.Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=jg Y%S ,xldfõ .Ks; wOHdmkh ms<sn| j wOHhk isÿ lr kùlrKl%shdj,sh wdrïN lr m%j¾Okh lsÍu mejf¾' fï i|yd Èjhsfka .Ks; wOHdmkfha j¾;udk;;a;ajh ms<sn| j ukd jegySula w;HjYH fõ' Y%S ,xldfõ .Ks; wOHdmkh ms<sn| j isÿlr we;s m¾fhaIKj, wkdjrK o wOHhkh lr ;jÿrg;a mj;akd ;;a;ajh úYaf,aIKhlsÍu i|yd m¾fhaIK isÿ lsÍfï wjYH;dj u;= fõ' 2007 j¾Ifha ckjdß ui isg rcfhamdi,aj, oaú;Shsl fY%aKs ^6-11& i|yd l%shd;aul jk kj úIhud,dj mdi,aj,g y÷kajd§u i|yd wOHdmk wud;HdxYh ksl=;a l< 2006$09 wxl ork pl%f,aLfha yr úIh yhg.Ks;h o we;=<;a lr we;' ta wkqj 6-11 fY%aKsj, ish¨ u YsIHhka .Ks;h yr úIhhlaf,i mdif,a § yeoEßh hq;= fõ'

tu pl%f,aLfha i|yka lr we;s mßÈ 6-9 fY%aKs i|yd i;shlg ld,Éfþo 5la o10-11 fY%aKs i|yd i;shlg ld,Éfþo 06 la o .Ks;h i|yd fjka l< hq;= fõ' fï wkqjmdi,a ld,igyfka jeä u ld,Éfþo ixLHdjla fjkalr we;s úIh w;rg .Ks;h o tlafõ' mdi, ;=< YsIHhkag .Ks;h úIhh bf.kSu i|yd m%n, n,mEula fuu lreKq u.skawe;s lr ;sfí' ;j o wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% Wiia fm< mka;sj,g we;=<;a ùu i|ydwOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% idudkH fm< úNd.fha § .Ks;h iu;a úh hq;= nj 1995$09 wxlork wOHdmk wud;HdxYh úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o pl%f,aLfha i|yka fõ' cd;sl wOHdmkfldñIka iNdj ksl=;a l< jd¾;djg wkqj tys olajd we;s fmdÿ wruqKq bgq lr .ekasugodhl jk ikaksfõok ksmqK;dj hgf;a jQ ixLHd ms<sn| ±kqu yd rEmK Ndú;h ydfm!reI;aj j¾Okhg wod< ksmqK;d hgf;a jQ wmidÍ Ñka;kh" .eg¨ ksrdlrKh" úpdrYS,Syd ú.%yd;aul Ñka;kh yd Ñ;a;fõ.S nqoaêh j¾Okh lsÍfuys ,d .Ks;h w;HjYH fuj,uls'fuu lreKqj,ska meyeÈ,s jkafka .Ks;h bf.kSfï we;s w;sYh jeo.;alu hs' .Ks;hbf.kSfï jeo.;alu fufia wjOdrKh jqj o" Y%S ,xldfõ YsIHhkaf.a .Ks; idOk uÜgums<sn| j úNd. m%;sM, úYaf,aIK jd¾;d" úúO m¾fhaIK jd¾;d" mqj;am;a yd i`.rd ,sms

2

u`.ska úfõpk t,a, lr we;'cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj ksl=;a l< jd¾;dfõ ±lafjkafka miq wOHdmkh

i|yd wjYH fkdjk .Ks; {dkh .ek fmdÿfõ flfrk n,lsÍï YsIHhska u; megfjknrla f,i h' ^m<uqjk jd¾;dj - 98 msgqj& fuu ;;a;ajh ms<sn| j fidhd ne,Su b;dldf,daÑ; fõ'

.=rejrhd YsIHhkaf.a bf.kSu flfrys n,mdk m%Odk idOlhls' yh jk ydtfldf<dia jk fY%aKsj, l%shd;aul jk .Ks;h úIhud,dj we.hSu uefhka 2011 j¾Ifha§ cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha .Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=j isÿ l< wOHhkfha § fy<s jQlreKla jQfha YsIH flakaøSh b.ekaùï l%u jvd fhda.H f,i .=rejreka ms<s.;a; om%dfhda.sl j mka;s ldurfha tu l%u l%shd;aul ùu my< uÜgul mj;sk nj hs' cd;slwOHdmk fldñIka iNdfõ jd¾;dj olajkafka oaú;Sh wOHdmkfha wjidk j¾Ij, §Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,nk l%u ye¢kaúh yelafla —rg yqKqj;a wf;a ke;sj flfrk l:djlamuKla ˜ hkqfjks' ^m<uqjk jd¾;dj 99 msgqj&

úoHd yd .Ks; wOHdmkh fnfyúka kHdhsl nj;a" m%dfhda.sl jev yd m%dfhda.slmrSlaIK flfrys we;s wjOdrKh w,am nj;a" f;dr;=re ;dlaIKfõoh bf.kqï-b.ekaùul%shdj,sh i|yd m%udKd;aul f,i Wmfhda.s lr fkd.kakd nj;a" YS% ,xldfõ idudkHwOHdmkh ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;s i|yd fhdackd uefhka cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdjd¾;dfõ 2003 ^msgqj 149& i|yka fõ' fuu lreKqq u`.ska wjOdrKh flfrkqfha .Ks;wOHdmkh iïnkaO j mka;s ldur uÜgfï .=re N+ñldj b;d id¾:l wdldrhg ieleiSfkdue;s nj hs' .Ks; .=rejrhdf.a N=ñldj ms<sn| wOHhkhla isÿ lsÍfï wjYH;d we;snj fuhska meyeÈ,s fõ'

YS% ,xldfõ mdi,a w;r o oeä úIu;d mj;S' myiqlïj,ska fuka u N+f.da,Shmsysàfuka o fuu úIu;d fmkakqï lrhs' 11 fY%aKsh mka;s iys; mdi,a w;=frka niakdysrm<df;a 15'9% la 1AB mdi,a jk w;r tu m%;sY;h inr.uqj yd W;=re ueo m<d;aj,ms<sfj<ska 7'6% la yd 6'5% ls' Srilanka Education Information 2011- 2' 2 j.=j & w;sÿIalrmdi,a ixLHdj niakdysr m<df;a 6la jk w;r W;=re m<df;a 434la o" kef.kysr m<df;a366la o W;=re ueo m<df;a 181la o fõ' fuu ÿIalr nj o YsIH idOkh flfrys n,mdkidOlhla oe hs úuid ne,Su wOHdmkfha .=Kd;aul ixj¾Okfhys,d jeo.;a fõ'

wOHdmk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% idudkH fm< yd Wiia fm< úNd.j, .Ks;h m%;sM,by< uÜgul fkdmj;S' w'fmd'i' ^id' fm'& yd w'fmd'i ^W' fm<& úNd.j, .Ks;hiïnkaO úIh ms<sn| j Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=fjka ksl=;a lrk ,o ixLHdkw;afmdf;ka Wmqgd .;a f;dr;=re lsysmhla my; j.=fõ ±lafõ'

3

j.=j 1'1 ( id' fm< yd W' fm< .Ks;h úIhh iu;a m%;sY; yd W' fm< .Ks; úIhg fmkS isá ixLHdj

id' fm< W' fm< W' fm< W' fm< W' fm< W' fm< .Ks;h fmkS isá ixhqla; ixhqla; Wiia .Ks;hg iu;a uq`M .Ks;hg .Ks;h .Ks;hg fmkS isá

m%;sY;h ixLHdj fmkS isá iu;a fmkS isá ixLHdj ixLHdj m%;sY;h ixLHdj

2005 40'81 245703 25484 52'86 21 24

2006 42'11 245936 25061 53'81 10 32

2007 50'42 235110 23909 50'27 6 52

2008 51'09 40436 24849 47'26 5 43

2009 50'14 238921 24793 45'57 8 46

2010 61'66 265388 27670 50'71 5 32

2011 52'45 142577^kj& 14719^kj& 48'6 - 36

2012 55'35 207908^kj& 25251^kj& 50'53 3 59

^uQ,dY%h ( ixLHdk w;afmd; -YS% ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j &

j.=j 1'1g wkqj 2010 j¾Ih jk úg 61'66 olajd j¾Okh ù we;s id' fm< .Ks;h

iu;a m%;sY;h 2011 j¾Ifha kej; 52'45 olajd wvq ù 2012 j¾Ifha 55'35 olajd jeä ù we;Wiia fm< úNd.hg fmkS isák uq`M YsIH ck.ykfhka ixhqla; .Ks;h úIhhg fmkSisákqfha 10]lg wdikak m%;sY;hls' fmkS isák ixLHdfjka o iu;a jkafka 50] lgwdikak m%;sY;hls' .Ks;h yd Wiia .Ks;h úIhg fmkS isák ixLHdj b;d w,am fõ'tu úIhh wNdjhg hñka mj;S' fuu o;a; u.ska fmkakqï lrkqfha Y%S ,xldfõ .Ks;wOHdmkfha mj;akd miq.dó iajrEmhhs' ;dlaIKsl jYfhka ÈhqKqjk rglg .Ks;wOHdmkh b;d jeo.;a jk w;r ta i|yd wOHdmk moaO;sh ;=< m%uqL;djla ysñ úh hq;= fõ'

by; oelajQ lreKqj,g wu;r j ;j fndfyda úp,Hhka .Ks; wOHdmkh yd ne§mej;sh yels h'

fuu ish¨ idOl ie,lSfuka Y%S ,xldfõ .Ks; wOHdmkh ms<sn| j .eg¨ mj;sknj;a YsIHhkaf.a yd .=rejrekaf.a .Ks; wOHdmkh ms<sn| ixcdkk flfrys úúOúp,Hhkaf.a n,mEula we;s nj;a meyeÈ,s fõ' tneúka fï ms<sn| úoHd;aul m¾fhaIKhlaisÿ lsÍu ld,Sk wjYH;djls'

j¾Ih

4

1'3 wOHhkfha jeo.;alu

m%uqL;dj ysñ úh hq;= úIhhla jYfhka .Ks;h bf.kSu yd úIh ixl,am ms<sn|j YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk yd .=rejrekaf.a wdl,am wkdjrKh lr .ekSu lafIa;% lsysmhlgu jeo.;a fõ ' fuu wkdjrK wkqj úIhud,dfõ m%;sixúOdkh yd kùlrKj, §ixialrK l< yels fõ' wOHdmk lafIa;%fha ks,OdÍka yd .=rejreka mqyqKq lsÍfï § o"mka;sldur bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ixúOdkfha § o" fm<fmd;a" .=re ud¾f.damfoaYix.%y jeks uQ,dY% ieliSfï § o fuu wkdjrK mokï lr.; yels fõ' mka;s ldurl<ukdlrKh" l%shdldrlï ie,iqï lsÍu yd m%;sldÍ jev ie,iqï lsÍfï § o YsIHhkaf.aixcdkk wkqj l%shd l< yels ùu fuu wOHhkfhka ,efnk m%;s,dN fõ'

ÿIalr yd kd.ßl mßirj, YsIHhkaf.a yd .=rejrekaf.a ixcdkk y÷kd .ekSuuOH.; úIhud,d ieliSfï § yd uOH.; úNd. ixúOdkfha § b;d jeo.;a fõ' .Ks;wOHdmkh ms<sn| j rfÜ mj;akd miq.dó ;;a;ajh fjkia lr jvd;a by< uÜgulg f.ktaug fuu wOHhkfha wkdjrK fhdod .; yels ùu wOHhkfha we;s jeo.;a u m%;s,dNhfõ'

YsIHhkaf.a idOk uÜgï flfrys Tjqka .Ks;h ms<sn| j olajk we,au fyda NS;sh"wkd.; wfmalaIK ;u wd;au úYajdih wdÈh ljr wdldrhg n,mdkafka oehs úuid ne,Sugo wfmalaIs; h' .=rejrhd YsIHhka ms<sn| j olajk wdl,am ksid YsIHhkaf.a idOk uÜgïfjkia fõ o hkak yd YsIHhka .=rejrhd flfrys olajk wdl,am u; YsIH idOkhfjkia jkafka oehs mÍlaId lsÍug o wOHhkfhka wfmalaId flf¾' .=re N+ñldj flfrysn,mdk úp,H yd ta wkqj t,a, ù we;s n,mEu o wOHhkfhka fidhd ne,Sug wfmalaIs;h' YsIH ixcdkk .Ks;fha úúO f;aud Tiafia fkdfjkia j mj;S o hkak o wOHhkfha§ úuid ne,Sug wfmalaId flf¾' wOHhkfha wkdjrK u`.ska .=rejrhdf.a yd YsIHhdf.aixcdkk YsIH idOkh flfrys t,a, lrkq ,nk n,mEu mÍlaId l< yels ùu wOHhkfhawe;s ;j;a m%;s,dNhls'

.Ks; .=rejrhdg ,eî we;s mqyqKqj" mdi, ;=< jD;a;Sh ixj¾Ok wjia:d" jD;a;shflfrys n,mdk úúO úp,H wOHhkfhka mÍlaId flfrk fyhska wOHhkfha wkdjrK.=re ixj¾Okh yd .=re mqyqKqjg ud¾f.damfoaY iemhSu i|yd WmldÍ lr .ekSug yels ùuwOHhkfhka w;ajk ;j;a m%;s,dNhls'

YsIHhkaf.a .Ks; idOk uÜgï flfrys úp,Hj, n,mEu yd .=rejrekaf.a.Ks;h b.ekaùfï ls%hdj,sh flfrys n,mdk úp,Hhkaf.a n,mEu ms<sn| j foudmshkawe;=¿ mdi,a m%cdj oekqj;a lsÍu u`.ska wys;lr ;;a;ajh wju lr .ekSu i|yd Tjqkaf.aiydh ,nd .ekSug yels ùu o fuu wOHhkfhka ,efnk ;j;a m%;s,dNhls'

Ys% ,xldfõ kS;sh wkqj wjqreÿ 5 - 14 jhia ldKavh wksjd¾h wOHdmkh ,eìhhq;= wjêh hs' wxl 1003$5 .eiÜ ksfõokh - 1997-11-25& kjh fY%aKsh hkq fuu wksjd¾hwOHdmkh ksu lrk fY%aKsh fõ' wksjd¾h wOHdmk wjêh iïmq¾K lrk YsIHhkaf.aa.Ks;h ms<sn| ixcdkk úuiSu fcHIaG oaú;Shsl uÜgfï wOHdmkh ie,iqï lsÍug ydwksjd¾h wOHdmk wjêh ms<sn| j miq úmrï lsÍug jeo.;a fõ' idudkH fm< uÜgugmsúfik YsIHhd ;=< tu uÜgug .e<fmk l=i,;d m%.=K lr ;sfí o hkak uek .ekSugyels ùu yd wksjd¾h wOHdmk wjêfha M,odhS nj uek.ekSug yels ùu o fuu wOHhkfhajeo.;alï fõ' fuu wOHhkh i|yd kjh fY%aKsfha fhda.H;dj fuhska ikd: fõ'

1'4 wOHhkfha wruqKq #

5

1' .Ks;h yd .Ks;h bf.kSu iïnkaO j kjh fY%aKsfha YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkkflfrys n,mdk idOl y÷kd .ekSu

i. .Ks;h bf.kSu ms<sn| YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk .Ks;h f;aud wkqj fjkiajkafka ± hs úuid ne,Su

ii. .Ks;h úIh f;aud wkqj YsIHhkaf.a .Ks;h úIh ixl,am idOkh fjkiajkafka ± hs úuid ne,Su

iii. .Ks;h ms<sn| j YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk yd Tjqkaf.a ixl,am idOk uÜguw;r iïnkaOhla mj;skafka ± hs úuiSu

iv. .Ks;h yd iïnkaO jD;a;shl kshe<Sug we;s leue;a; wkqj .Ks;h yd.Ks;h bf.kSu ms<sn| j YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk fjkia jkafka ±hs úuidne,Su

v. YsIHhkaf.a .Ks; idOk uÜgu yd iïnkaO úp,H y÷kd .ekSu

vi. .Ks; .=rejrhd ms<sn| YsIHhdf.a ixcdkk wkqj .Ks;h yd .Ks;h bf.kSums<sn| j YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk fjkia jkafka ±hs úuid ne,Su

vii. .=rejrekaf.a .Ks;h b.ekaùfï l%shdj,sh flfrys n,mdk úp,H úuidne,Su

viii. YsIHhka ms<sn| wdl,am .=rejrekaf.a yd Tjqkaf.a bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shw;r iïnkaOhla mj;skafka ±hs úuid ne,Su

1'5 wOHhkfha iSud yd wOHhkfha mßiSud

1'5'1 wOHhkfha iSud

wOHhkh Èjhsfka m<d;a kjfhys u ls%hd;aul lrk ,o w;r Èia;s%lal yd l,dmuÜgï fkdi,ld yßk ,oS' rcfha mdi,a muKla iyNd.s lr .eksKs' mdi,a 75lg"f;dard.;a mdi,l kjh fY%aKsfha mka;shlska f;dard.;a YsIHhka 20 ne.ska YsIHhka 1500lg yd tu mdi,aj, kjh fY%aKsfha .Ks;h úIhNdr .=rejreka 75lg muKla wOHhkhiSud lrk ,o w;r isxy, yd fou< udOHh YsIHhka muKla iyNd.s lr .kakd ,§'f;dard.;a mdi,l mka;s lsysmhla we;s úg bka tla mka;shla muKla wyUq f,i f;dard.eksKs' f;dard.;a mka;sfha YssIH ixLHdj 20 g jeä kï YsIHhka 20 fofkl= wyUq f,if;dard.;a w;r YsIH ixLHdj 20 la fyda Bg wvq kï ish¨ u YsIHhka iyNd.s lr .kakd,§'

tlu j¾.fha mdi,a w;r úIu;d fkdi,ld yßk ,o w;r" ish¨ u 1AB mdi,aiudk f,i o" ish¨ u 2 j¾.fha mdi,a iudk f,i o i,ld ksheÈh f;dard .kakd ,§'tu mdi,a f;aÍfï § iEu mdi,lg u iudk ksfhdack wjia:d ysñ úh'

YsIHhkaf.a ixl,am idOkh uekSu i|yd ilia lrk ,o m%Yak m;%h .Ks;fhaf;aud yh yd wruqKq 5 ksfhdackh jk mßÈ ilia lrk ,§' m%Yak m;%h fldgia follskahqla; jq w;r m<uq jk m;%h nyqjrK m%Yak 30lg yd fojk m;%h flá W;a;r imhkj¾.fha m%Yak 10 lg iSud úh' nyqjrK m%Yak i|yd ,l=Kq 02 ne.ska yd flá W;a;r i|yd,l=Kq 04 ne.ska m%odkh flßKs' m%Yak iïu; lsÍfï § úNdjk o¾Ylh 0'20g jeä ydÿIalr;d o¾Ylh 0'4 yd 0'6 w;r jq m%Yak f;dard .eksKs'

6

.=rejrekag yd YsIHhkag ksoyfia ;u woyia m%ldY lsÍug wjia:dj i,id fok,§' m¾fhaIKfha m%;sM, rfÜ .Ks; wOHdmkfha ixj¾Okh i|yd muKla fhdod .ekSugwfmalaId flf¾'

1'5'2 wOHhkfha mßiSud #

mdi,a 75 la f;dard .;a; o tla mdi,lska ,enqKq f;dr;=rej, wl%uj;a nj ksidtu mdi, wOHhkfhka bj;a flßKs' tu mdif,a YsIHhka lsysm fofkl= .Ks;h 1 m;%hgo fjk;a YsIHhka o lsysmfofkl= II m;%hg W;a;r imhd ;snq fyhska Tjqkaf.a uq¿ ,l=Kq.Kk ,nd .ekSug fkdyels fyhska tu mdi, wOHhkfhka bj;a lrk ,§'

f;dard .;a wyUq ksheÈfha ish¨ u Èia;s%lal ksfhdackh fkdúKs' wOHhkh YsIHhka1500la i|yd ls%hd;aul lsÍug ie,iqï l< o ksheÈfha we;eï mdi,aj, kjh fYa%Ksfha uq¿YsIH ixLHdj 20 g wvq jQ fyhska wOHhkhg iyNd.s jQ YsIH ixLHdj 1409 la úh' YsIHm%Yak m;%hg YsIHhka 1409 u ms<s;=re iemhqj o YsIH m%Yakdj,sh l%uj;a j iïmq¾K lr,nd § ;snqfKa YsIHhka 1403la muKs' YsIH m%Yakdj,sh i|yd tu YsIHhka 1403 fokdf.am%;spdr muKlaa i,ld n,k ,§'

wOHhkh i|yd f;dard .;a mdi,a 75 ys .=rejreka 75 la fhdod .ekSug ie,iqï l<o .=re m%Yakdj,s iïmQ¾K lr Ndr ÿka .=re ixLHdj 66 la jQ fyhska .=re ksheÈh 66 lgiSud úh' isxy, udOH .=rejre o fou< udOH .=rejre o wOHhkhg iyNd.s jQy'

YsIH idOkh uekSu i|yd m%Yak m;%h ieliSfï § kjh fY%AKsfha uq¿ úIhwka;¾.;h u f;dard fkd.eksKs' wOHhkh l%shd;aul jk ld,h jk úg YsIHhka uq`MúIh ks¾foaYh u yodrd fkd;sîu óg fya;= úh' tneúka kjh fY%aKsh m<uqjk jdrhgwod< úIh fldgia yd 6" 7" 8 fY%aKsj,g wod< úIh wka;¾.;h m%Yak m;% ieliSfï §i,ld n,k ,§' .Ks;fha f;aud yh u ksfhdackh jk mßÈ m%Yak we;=<;a l< owka;¾.;fha m%udKh wkqj tla tla f;audfjka f;dard .;a m%Yak ixLHdj fjkia úh'fou< udOHh YsIHhka" YsIH m%Yakdj,shg W;a;r iemhSfï § ;u fm!oa.,sl f;dr;=re ksismßÈ iïmq¾K fkdlsÍu ksid tla tla YsIHhdf.a m%Yakdj,sh f;dard .ekSug fkdyels úh'tneúka iyiïnkaO;d ix.=Klh .Kkh lsÍfï § fou< udOHh YsIHhka bj;a lriyiïnkaO;d ix.=Klh .Kkh lrk ,§'

j.=j 1'2( wOHhkh i|yd tla tla f;audfjka f;dard .;a m%Yak ixLHd

m%%Yak ixLHdj

.Ks;h 1 .Ks;h 11

ixLHd 05 02

ùc .Ks;h 05 02

ñkqï 05 02

cHdñ;sh 05 02

l=,l yd iïNdú;dj 05 01

ixLHdkh 05 01

tl;=j 30 10

1'6 mo ks¾jpk

f;audj

7

1'6'1 ixcdkkh (

ixcdkkh hkq bkaøsh u.ska ,nd .kakd ixfõok f;dard .ekSfï" ixúOdkhlsÍfï iy w¾:l:kh lsßfï l%shdj,shls' fuu ks¾jpkh mokï lrf.k ieliQ YsIHhkai|yd fok ,o YsIH m%Yakdj,sh lafIa;% 06lska iukaú; úh'

1' .Ks;h yd .Ks;h bf.kSu ms<sn| idudkH oelau

2' .Ks;h yd .Ks;h bf.kSu ms<sn| NS;sh

3' wkd.; wfmalaIK

4' .Ks;h ms<sn| wd;au úYajdih

5' .=re N=ñldj

6' .Ks;fha f;aud

fuu lafIa;% yh w<,d YsIHhka olajd we;s m%;spdr i|yd ,l=Kq m%odkh lr" tfia,nd .kakd ,l=Kq tu lafIa;%h ms<sn| j YsIH ixcdkkh uefkk o¾Ylhla f,i o .=rem%Yakdj,shg Tjqka olajd we;s m%;spdrj,g m%odkh lrkq ,nk ,l=Kq .=rejrekaf.a ixcdkkhuefkk o¾Ylhla f,i o i,lk ,§'

1'6'2 ixl,am idOkh (

wOHhkfha ufkda úoHd;aul moku(mxfÉkaøsh l%shdldß;ajh" ixfõok yelshdj" w;aoelSï" mqoa.,hd ork woyia Tyqf.a wfmalaIdyd wdl,am yd ukia Ñ;%kh hk wjia:d ;Dma; ùfuka ixl,am .%yKh lr .ekSu ixl,amidOkh hs' ^wfímd, frda,kaâ- 2010&

ta wkqj YsIHhkaf.a ixl,am idOk uÜgu uekSug YsIHhka i|yd fok ,o m%Yakm;%hg isiqka ,nd .;a ,l=Kq fhdod .efka' tys § tla tlaaa f;audj hgf;a fok ,o uq¿ m%YakixLHdjg YsIHhka ,nd.;a ,l=Kq tu f;audfõ YsIH idOkh uekSu i|yd fhdod .eksK'

1'6'3 kd.ßl mdi,a (

uyk.r iNd yd k.r iNd n, m%foaYj,g wh;a mdi,a kd.ßl mdi,a f,ii,lk ,§'

1'6'4 .%dóh mdi,a (

m%dfoaYSh iNd n, m%foaYj,g wh;a mdi,a .%dóh mdi,a f,i i,lk ,§'

8

2' idys;H úu¾Ykh

2'1 m%isoaO úNd. m%;sM, úu¾Ykh

Y%S ,xldfõ mdi,a YsIHhkaf.a .Ks;h yd iïnkaO úIhkaf.a idOk uÜgï i;=gqodhl;;a;ajhl fkdmj;sk nj Y%S ,xldfõ meje;afjk m%isoaO úNd. m%;sM, úYaf,aIK u`.skafmkakqï flf¾' fuu ;;a;ajh rfÜ ish¨ u wOHdmk wjê iïnkaOfhka iudk f,in,mdhs' m%d:ñl" lksIaG" oaú;Shsl" fcHIaG oaú;Shsl uÜgï wjidkfha meje;afjk m%isoaOúNd. m%;sM, fuu ;;a;ajh ukdj ms<sìUq lrhs'

miajk fY%aKsh wjidkfha meje;afjk YsIH;aj úNd.fha m%;sM, u`.ska m%d:ñlwOHdmk wjêh wjidkfha YsIHhkaf.a idOk uÜgï wkdjrKh flf¾' miq.sh jir 7 lYsIH;aj úNd.fha § YsIHhka ,nd.;a ,l=Kqj, uOHkHh yd iïu; wm.ukh j.= wxl 2'1ys oelafõ' YsIHhka i|yd fokq ,nk m%Yak m;% folg ,efnk uq`M ,l=Kq 200 i|yd fuuj.=j ms<sfh, lr we;' f;dr;=re j.=fõ olajd we;'

j.=j 2'1 YsIH;aj úNd.fha ,l=Kqj, uOHkHh yd iïu; wm.ukh

j¾Ih 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

uOHkHh 73'87 85'93 94'58 71'28 95'74 99'97 105'06 101'36

iïu; 36'11 37'78 40'78 32'95 34'55 34'28 36'51 35'69wm.ukh

^uq`M ,l=Kq 200ka& ^uQ,dY%h ( ixLHdk w;afmd; - úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j 2005 - 2007" 2008 - 2010&

( uQ,dY%h Reveiwing of Performance at Grade 5 Scholarship Examination - 2012 ,Department of Examination)

rEmh 2'1( f;aud wkqj 11 m;%h úYaf,aIKh - 5 fY%aKsh YsIH;aj úNd.h

2005 j¾Ifha isg 2012 j¾Ih olajd YsIH;aj úNd.fha ,l=Kqj, uOHkH w.fhajeäùula fmkakqï lrk w;r 2011" 2012 § 50% uÜgu blaujd f.dia we;' 2012 j¾IfhaYsIH;aj úNd. II m%Yak m;%fha m%Yakj, myiqlu f;aud wkqj .Kkh lrk ,o myiq;d

0.44

0.17

0.39

0.20 0.21

0.56

0.430.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

0.6

Fac

ilit

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Grade 5 Scholarship Examination - 2012Facility Indices of Paper II by Theme

9

o¾Ylh we;=<;a ;Sr m%ia;dr igyk ^2'1 rEmh& wOHhkfhka rpkh ,sùug jvd .Ks;hgW;a;r iemhSug fo.=Khlhg jvd myiq ù we;s nj meyeÈ,s fõ' úYaf,aIKfhka fmkShkqfha m<uq NdIdj yd .Ks;h wdikak jYfhka tl u myiq;djlska hq;= nj hs' rpkhgjvd .Ks;h myiq;dfjka hqla; nj 2'1 rEmh wOHhkfhka ;j ÿrg;a meyeÈ,s fõ' 5fY%aKsfha § YsIHhka .Ks;h flfrys ÿ¾j,;djhla fmkakqï fkdlrk nj fuu rEmhw¾:l:kh lsÍfuka i|yka l< yels h'

tfldf<diajk fY%aKsfha wjidkfha meje;afjk w'fmd'i id'fm'& úNd.fha § .Ks;hwksjd¾h úIhhls' ^pl%f,aL wxl 1995$09& w'fmd'i' ^W'fm'& mka;shg we;=<;a ùu i|yd.Ks;h úIhh iu;a ùu w;HjYH fõ' 6 - 11 fY%aKsj, bf.k .kakd ish¨ u YsIHhkamdif,a § .Ks;h úIhh bf.k .ks;ss' 6 - 9 fY%aKsj, § i;shlg .Ks;h i|yd ld,Éfþo5la o 10 -11 fY%aKsj, § i;shlg .Ks;h i|yd ld,Éfþo 6la o wxl 2006$2009 pl%f,aLh&fjka lr we;' i;shlg jeä u ld,Éfþo ixLHdjla fjka lr we;s úIh jkqfha .Ks;hyd úoHdj hs' tfy;a tfldf<diajk fY%aKsfha wjidkfha meje;afjk w'fmd'i îd'fm'&úNd.fha .Ks;h úIhfha m%;sM, fmkakqï lrkqfha Y%S ,xldfõ YsIHhkaf.ka 2012 j¾Ifha§ o 45] lg wdikak m%;sY;hla .Ks;h wiu;a nj hs' jir lsysmhl .Ks;h úIhhfham%;sM, wOHhkfhka fuu ;;a;ajh ukdj jgyd .; yels fõ' ^j.=j 2'2&

j.=j 2'2( wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% idudkH fm<& úNd.fha .Ks; úIhfha

iu;a m%;sY;" uOHkHh yd iïu; wm.ukh

j¾Ih 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

iu;a 40'81 42'11 50'42 51'09 50'14 61'66 52'45 55'35m%;sY;h

uOHkHh 31'92 29'27 32'19 34'29 30'10 38'60 32'15 32'26

iïu; 23'58 22'01 23'06 24'91 23' 09 24'27 23'39 22'58wm.ukh

ûQ,dY%h ( ixLHdk w;afmd; - úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j &

2010 j¾Ih jk úg .Ks;h iu;a m%;sY;h 61'66 olajd l%ñl j¾Okhla fmkakqïlr we;' tfy;a 39] la muK 2010 j¾Ifha § o wiu;a ùu lemS fmfka' uOHkHh ,l=KWÉpdjpkh ù we;s nj fmkakqï lrk w;r 2010 j¾Ifha § o th 40] blaujd hdug iu;aù ke;' iïu; wm.ukh u`.ska fmkakqï lrkqfha by< ,l=Kq yd my< ,l=Kq w;rie,lsh hq;= mr;rhla mj;akd nj hs' l,dm uÜgfuka i,ld neÆj o oeä úIu;d mj;S'2010 j¾Ifha fld<U l,dmfha mdi,a whÿïlrejkaf.ka 74'4] la .Ks;h yd m<uqjkNdIdj iu`. úIhhka 06 la fyda Bg jeäfhka iu;a jqj o ú,a.uqj l,dmfha tu m%;sY;h32'33] la yd uvq l,dmfha tu m%;sY;h 22'60] ls' w'fmd'i îd'fm'& úNd.fha § .Ks;húIhfha idOkh iïnkaOfhka mj;akd ;;a;ajh i;=gqodhl fkdjk nj;a Èjhsfka úúOm%foaY w;r oeä úIu;d mj;sk nj;a fuhska fmfka' îxLHdk w;afmd;" úNd.fomd¾;fïka;=j &

wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% Wiia fm< uÜgfï § Y%S ,xldfõ YsIHhkag f;dard.ekSu i|yd .Ks;h wdY%s; úIh lsysmhla u we;' úoHd úIh Odrdj yodrk YsIHhkagixhqla; .Ks;h" Wiia .Ks;h hk úIh o" wfkla úIh Odrd yodrk YsIHhkag .Ks;húIh o 12" 13 fY%aKsj, § yeoEÍug wjia:dj we;' tfy;a fuu úIh yodrd w'fmd'i'^W'fm&úNd.hg fmkS isák YsIH ixLHdj b;d my< uÜgul mj;S' úNd.hg fmkS isák YsIH

10

ixLHdj wOHhkfhkaa fuu ;;a;ajh ukdj meyeÈ,s fõ'

j.=j 2'3( wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% W' fm'& úNd.fha .Ks; úIhg fmkS isá YsIH ixLHd

j¾Ih ixhqla; Wiia .Ks;h .Ks;h .Ks;h

2005 25 484 21 24

2006 25 061 10 32

2007 23 909 6 52

2008 24 849 5 43

2009 24 793 8 46

2010 27 670 5 32

2011 14 719^kj& - 36

2012 25 251 3 59

^uQ,dY%h ( ixLHdk w;afmd; - úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j 2005 - 2007" 2008 - 2010&

ixhqla; .Ks;h úIhh i|yd YsIHhka 25 000 la muK ish¨ u udOHj,skaúNd.hg fmkS isá;s' tfy;a Wiia .Ks;h yd .Ks;h úIhkag fmkS isák ixLHdj b;dw,am h' bka meyeÈ,s jkafka tu úIhh wNdjhg hñka mj;akd njls' 2010 j¾Ifhaw'fmd'i' W'fm úNd.hg ish¨ u úIh Odrd hgf;a whÿï l< YsIH ixLHdj 265 388 la jqjo ixhqla; .Ks;hg fmkS isg we;af;a 27 670 la muKs' fuh úNd.hg fmkS isá uq¿ YsIHixLHdfjka 10] la muK jq l=vd m%;sY;hlss'

.Ks; úIh yodrk YsIH ixLHdj uqM YsIH ck.ykh ie,lSfï § l=vd m%;sY;hlajk w;r" Tjqka w'fmd'i' ^W'fm'& úNd.fha § fmkakqï lrk idOk uÜgu o i;=gqodhlfkdfõ' l=vd YsIH ixLHdjla úYsIag f,i oialï m%o¾Ykh l< o nyq;r YsIH ixLHdjlafmkakqï lrkqfha b;d wvq olaI;d fõ' jir lsysmhl w'fmd'i' W'fm'& úNd.fha YsIHhkaf.am%;sM, i,ld ne,Sfuka fuu ;;a;ajh ukdj iaMQg fõ'

j.=j 2'4 w' fmd' i' ^W' fm'& úNd.fha .Ks; úIhhka iu;a m%;sY;

ixhqla; .Ks;h Wiia .Ks;h .Ks;h

A% (A+B+C+S )% A% (A+B+C+S)% A% (A+B+C+S)%

2005 4'54 52'86 0 61'90 0 37'5

2006 5'15 53'81 20 40 0 40'63

2007 3'06 49'73 0 16'67 1'92 40'38

2008 2'35 47'26 04 0 0 48'84

2009 2'21 45'57 0 50 8'7 0 45'65

2010 4'24 50'71 20 40 0 40'63

2011 5'90^kj& 48'6 - - 0

2012 5'59 50'53 01 0

^ uQ,dY%h ( ixLHdk w;afmd; - úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j&

j¾Ih

11

by; 2'4 j.=jg wkqj fndfyda jirj, ixhqla; .Ks;h i|yd A idud¾: ,nd .kakdm%;sY;h 5] la fyda Bg wvq uÜgul fõ' iu;a m%;sY;h 50] g wdikak uÜgul mj;S'Wiia .Ks;fhka yd .Ks;fhka A idu¾:H ,eîu b;d úr, fõ' .Ks;h iu;a m%;sY;h50] g wvq w;r Wiia .Ks;h úIhfhka o iu;a m%;sY;h jir 8l m%;sM, mÍlaId l< úgjir 6lu 50] g wvq h' ^j.= 2'4&

by; idOl u`.ska uq,sl lreKq folla úoyd mdhs'

1' .Ks;h yd iïnkaO úIh yodrk YsIH ixLHdj wvq h' 2' .Ks; úIh w'fmd'i' ^W' fm'& úNd.fha § iu;a jk m%;sY;h my< uÜgul mj;S'

ixhqla; .Ks;h" Wiia .Ks;h" .Ks;h hk úIhkaf.a uOHkhh yd iïu; wm.ukhie,l+úg tu úIhka ms<sn| iuia; YsIHhkaf.a idOk uÜgï ms<sn| j wjfndaO lr .;yels fõ'

j.=j 2'5( w' fmd' i' ^W' fm'& úNd.fha § .Ks; úIhka i|yd YsIHhka ,nd .;a,l=Kqj, uOHkHh yd iïu; wm.ukh

ixhqla; .Ks;h Wiia .Ks;h .Ks;h uOHkHh iïu; uOHkHh iïu; uOHkHh iïu; wm.ukh wm.ukh wm.ukh

2005 32'43 20'29 38'00 20'41 28'70 15'65

2006 36'9 21'88 34'90 22'71 31'18 16'23

2007 31'11 18'64 16'40 7'32 28'75 15'17

2008 29'56 18'54 19'18 11'08 33'49 15'4

2009 29'79 18'37 28'08 16'16 31'48 22'54

2010 33'61 22'01 24'67 18'33 25'09 17'01

2011 33'17 23'47 - - 19'03 16'87

2012 33'61 21'42 32'5 25'96 22'75 18'02

^uQ,dY%h ( ixLHdk w;afmd; - Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j &

fcHIaG oaú;Shsl wjêfha § meje;afjk m%Odk úNd. fofla § u .Ks; úIh j,m%;sM, by< uÜgul fkdmj;S' iu;a m%;sY;h 50] la muK jk w;r uOHkHh 16-38 w;rjQ mrdihla .kS' id' fm' .Ks;h yd W' fm' ixhqla; .Ks;h hk úIhj, iïu; wm.ukhby< w.hla .;a; o" .Ks;h úIhfha iïu; wm.ukh fndfyda jirj, .Ks;h ydixhqla; .Ks;fha iïu; wm.ukhg jvd my< w.hla .kS' id' fm' .Ks; úIhfhauOHkHh 39 blaujd f.dia ke;s w;r ixhqla; .Ks;fha o uOHkHh 37 blaujd f.diake;' iuia; YsIH idOk uÜgu by< w.hla fkd.kS' YsIHhka fmkakqï lrk fuu;;a;ajh ms<sn| j fidhd ne,Su b;d jeo.;a yd ld,Sk wjYH;djls'

fjk;a úIh Odrdjkaf.a o .Ks;h yd iïnkaO úIhj, idOk uÜgï m%Yia; uÜgulfkdmj;S' .KldêlrK úIhfha m%;sM, ie,l+ úg fuu ;;a;ajh b;d fyd¢ka meyeÈ,sfõ'

12

j.=j 2' 6 w' fmd' i' ^W' fm'& úNd.fha .KldêlrK úIhh iu;a m%;sY;" uOHkHhyd iïu; wm.ukh

j¾Ih iu;a m%;sY;h uOHkHh iïu; wm.ukh

2005 66'33 - -

2006 70'47 42'45 19'43

2007 70'35 43'85 17'74

2008 74'58 45'71 17'62

2009 70'79 40'56 16'94

2010 69'38 39'64 16'56

2011 52'34 30'84 14'59

2012 75'94 52'24 22'10

^uQ,dY%h ( ixLHdk w;afmd; - Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j &

.KldêlrK úIhh ie,l+ úg iu;a m%;sY;h 70] la muK jk nj o" uOHkHh39-45 mrdih ;=< w.hla .kakd nj o iïu; wm.ukh 16-19 mrdih ;=< jQ w.hla .kakdnj o fmfka' .Ks; úIhhg jvd by< uÜgula .KldêlrK úIhfha fmkakqï lrhs'tfy;a W' fm< úNd.fha .KldêlrK úIhh iu;a m%;sY;h 75] blaujd fkdhhs'uOHkHh 50 blaujd fkdhhs'

Y%S ,xldfõ .Ks; úIhh iïnkaO ish`¨ u úIhj, idOk uÜgï b;d by< w.hkafkd.kakd nj fmfka' fuh idudkH fm< uÜgu iy Wiia fm< uÜgfï ish¨ u úIhOdrd iïnkaOfhka i;H fõ' fuu ;;a;ajh fidhd ne,Su ms<sn| j wOHhkhka lsÍuldf,daÑ; fõ'

cd;sl wOHdmk moaO;shla i|yd wruqKq uefhka cd;sl wOHdmk fldñiu 2003j¾Ifha § ksl=;a l< jd¾;dfõ cd;sl wruqKq 08 la yd tajd uqÿkam;a lr .ekSu i|ydodhljk uQ,sl ksmqK;d 07 la olajd we;' ^Y%S ,xldfõ idudkH wOHdmkh ms<sn| cd;slm%;sm;a;s rduqjla i|yd fhdackd - 2003 - 64" 65" 66" 67" 68 msgq& m<uqjk ksmqK;dj jQikaksfõok ksmqK;dj idlaId;a lr.ekSu i|yd ixLHd ms<sn| ±kqu wjYH fõ' fojkuQ,sl ksmqK;dj jQ fm!reI;aj j¾Okhg wod< ksmqK;dj hgf;a wmidÍ Ñka;kh" úpdrYS,Syd ú.%yd;aul Ñka;kh" i|yka lr we;' fuu l=i,;d j¾Okh .Ks; wOHdmkh iu`.b;d Rcq f,i iïnkaO j mj;S' cd;sl wruqKq uqÿkam;a lr .ekSfï oS .Ks;h wdY%s;olaI;d w;HjYH nj fuhska ikd: fõ'

fuu jd¾;dfõ wOHdmk l%uh u`.ska jev f,dalhg wjYH jk uQ,sl .Ks;h"f;dr;=re ;dlaIKfõo yd úoHd;aul l=i,;dj,ska o' ksmqK;dj,ska o fyì ;reK msßilaìys fkdùu iudc foaYmd,ksl jYfhka Woa.; j we;s .eg¨jla f,i fmkajd § we;'^148 msgqj& úoHd yd .Ks; wOHdmkh fnfyúka kHdhhsl ùu" m%dfhda.sl jev ydm%dfhda.sl mÍlaIK flfrys we;s wjOdrKh w,am ùu Ydia;%Sh jYfhka Woa.;j we;s.eg¨jla f,i olajd we;' ^149 msgqj& fcHIaG oaú;shsl uÜgfï § .Ks;h yd úoHd úIhW.kajkq ,nk mdi,a ixLHdj w'fmd'i' W' fm'& mka;s iys; mdi,a ixLHdjla 25] la muKjk nj jd¾;dj fmkajd fohs' w' fmd' i' W' fm'& .Ks; yd úoHd wOHdmkh jHdma; lsÍui|yd bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk fhdackd hgf;a ±kg ;sfnk 1 C mdi,aj, w' fmd' i' W' fm'&

13

.Ks;h y÷kajd §ug fhdackd lr we;' iyc olaI;d we;s .ïno YsIHhka úYd, ixLHdjlgby< oaú;Shsl uÜgfï § .Ks; yd úoHd wOHdmkhg m%úIag ùfï wjia:dj wysñ ù ;sfnknj fmkajd fok fuu jd¾;dj by< oaú;Shsl uÜgfï úoHd wOHdmkhg m%úIag ùug we;swjia:d ms<sn| fuu wix;=,kh .ek jyd ms<shï fhÈh hq;= njg fhdackd lrhs' ^155msgqj&

by; ish`¨ idOl u`.ska wm rfÜ .Ks; wOHdmkh uqyqK § we;s fÄokSh ;;a;ajhúoyd olajhs' fuu ;;a;ajh fjkia lr,Su i|yd mshjr .ekSu w;HjYH jk w;r thiudc j.lSula o jkqfha fuu ;;a;ajh fkdfjkia j mej;Su rfÜ wkd.;hg b;dwys;lr f,i n,mdk fyhsks' fï ms<sn| j fidhd ne,Sug cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha.Ks; fomd¾;fuka;=j ;SrKh lrkqfha fuu miqìu hgf;a h' YsIHhkaf.a wOHdmkwjêj, ueo fY%aKshla jk kjh fY%aKsh f;dard f.k .Ks;h yd .Ks;h wOHdmkh ms<sn|j úuid ne,Sug .Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=j ;SrKh lrkqfha mQ¾j yd mYapd;a wjêj,uÜgu;a" wkd.; fY%aKsj,g jk n,mEu;a bka wOHhkh l< yels fyhsks' YsIHhkaf.aixcdkk flfrys n,mdk idOl wOHhkfhka" rfÜ .Ks; wOHdmkfha yerjqula we;slr,Sug jqjukd fjkialï ;SrKh l< yels fõ'

2'2 ixcdkkh

ixcdkkh bkaøSh u`.ska ,nd .kakd ixfõok f;dard .ekSfï" ixúOdkh lsÍfï ydw¾:l:kh lsÍfï l%shdj,sh hs' wOHdmkfha ufkda úoHd;aul moku - uydpd¾h frda,kaâwfímd," 349 - msgqj&

mqoa.,hd mßirh wjfndaO lr.kq ,nkafka ixcdkk yelshdj u`.sks' mxfõkaøsh;=<sska u ixcdkkh isÿ fõ' ta wkqj" weiska" lkska" kdifhka" Èfjka yd YÍr iam¾Yfhkao ixcdkkh we;s lr .; yels h' ixcdkkh flfrys n,mdk idOl lsysmhla o y÷kdf.kwe;' fï w;r w;a±lSï m%Odk fõ' mqoa., wNsreÑ" wdl,am" wjYH;d yd mßl,amk Yla;sho ixcdkkh flfrys bjy,a fõ' YsIHhka yd .=rejreka .Ks;h ms<sn| j ixcdkkfha §fulS ;;a;ajhka n,mdkq we;' fuu idOlj, n,mEu ljr wdldrhg .Ks; wOHdmkhflfrys n,mdkafka o hkak wOHhkh u.ska y÷kd.; yels fõ'

;ud wjg mßirfha we;s oE yd w;a±lSï .%yKh lr .ekSu iy w¾:.ekaùfïl%shdj,sh ixcdkkh f,i wdpd¾h iqrksu, f,alïf.a úiska rÑ; <ud úh ixj¾Okh iym%d:ñl wOHdmkh .%ka:fha ±lafõ' ^165-msgqj <ud úh ixj¾Okh m%d:ñl wOHdmkh -wpd¾h iqrksu, f,alïf.a&

fn!oaO o¾Ykfha hï jia;=jla yd .eàfuka laIKsl j we;s jk ixfõ§ bkaøShl%shdldß;ajhla f,i ixcdkkh meyeÈ,s flf¾' ixcdkkh yd ikaksfõokh - wdßhr;akwe;=., - 1 msgqj& fâldÜ (Descrtes) yd ldkaÜ (Kant) g wkqj ixcdkk yd yelshdj,j¾Okh cdkuh jYfhka iaÓr j mj;akd fohla jk w;r" th iajdNdúl j ixúOdkh ùmj;skakls' f,dla" nd¾laf,a iy fy,aïfnda,aÜ g wkqj ixcdkkuh yelshd j¾Okhjkafka bf.kSfï l%shdj,sh u`.sks' tfia ke;fyd;a wjg mßirfhka ,nd .kakd w;a±lSïu.sks' fuu lreKqj,ska ikd: jkafka ixcdkkh iajdNdúl j ixúOdkh we;s ù nj;a"bf.kSfï l%shdj,sh u`.ska j¾Okh l< yels nj;a h'

ixcdkkh hkq Ôúhd úiska fN!;sl f,dalh ixfõokh lsÍu h' ^ufkdaúoHdúu¾Yk" ohd tÈßisxy" {dkodi fmf¾rd - 77 msgqj& ixcdkkh wmf.a p¾hdj flfrysuQ,sl jYfhka n,mdk idOlhls' ixcdkkfha § wjOdkh o ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= jeo.;aidOlhls'

14

2'3 m¾fhaIK wkdjrK

Ô' t,a' ta' tia' kdkdhlaldr 1992 § m%d:ñl .Ks; wOHdmkh ms<sn| j lrk ,owOHhkfha § m%d:ñl uÜgfï YsIHhkaf.a iuia; .Ks; wOHdmkfha idOkh my< uÜgulmj;akd nj y÷kdf.k we;' tfuka u .Ks; idOk uÜgu flfrys kd.ßl .%dóh njfjfiis fjkila olajk nj;a mqñ;sß nj yd mdi,a j¾.h fjfiis fjkila fkdolajknj;a wkdjrKh lr f.k we;' YsIHhka isÿ lr we;s fodaIj,ska 50]lg muK lshùfïiy wjfndaO lr .ekSfï l=i,;dj, mj;akd W!k;d fya;= ù we;s nj tu wOHhkfha §fy<s ù we;' mka;s ldurj, mj;akd whym;a ;;a;ajh" myiqlï wvqlu" YsIH;ajúNd.fha miqld,Sk n,mEï" .;dkq.;sl b.ekaùfï mqreÿ" mqyqKq .=rejrekaf.a ys`.lu".=rejrekag Tjqkaf.a jD;a;Sh ixj¾Okh i|yd m%udKj;a mßÈ Wojq fkd,eîu o wvq idOkuÜgug odhl ù we;s nj wOHhkfhka fy<s lrhs' fuu wOHhkh wkqj YsIHhkaf.a.Ks; idOk uÜgu flfrys n,mdk úp,H rdYshla olajd we;' fuu ;;a;ajh j¾;udkfhao mj;S oehs woH;k wOHhkh u`.ska wkdjrKh lr .ekSug wfmalaIs; h'

lksIaG oaú;Shsl uÜgfï .Ks; ld¾h idOkh wkdjrKh yd kxjd,Su ms<sn| j B'fÊ' i;a.=Krdcd" tï' mj,ldka;ka yd ã' cqjrdcka tla j l< wOHhkfha § ^1990&YsIHhkaf.a .Ks;h ms<sn| j we;s wdl,am yd Tjqkaf.a idOkh w;r fjfiis iïnkaOlamj;akd nj wkdjrKh lr we;' by< wdl,am ork YsIH lKavdhïj, idOkh" uOHuuÜgfï fyda my< uÜgfï wdl,am ork YsIH lKavdhïj,g jvd b;d fyd| fjfiisfjkila fmkakqï lrk nj fmkajd we;' mka;s ldurfha YsIH ixLHdj .Ks;fha idOkhflfrys fjfiis f,i n, fkdmdk nj;a" by< YsIH ixLHdjla iys; mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.aidOkh by< uÜgul mj;akd nj;a fuu wOHhkfhka wkdjrKh lr we;' fuuwOHhkfha § hï hï ud;Dld YsIHhkag ÿIalr nj y÷kdf.k tajd i|yka lr we;' Y%S,xldfõ mdi,a ms<sn| wOHhkhla uefhka tia' î' talkdhl yd fudfydÜáf.a hQ' fiaor1987 fmdf<dkakrej" l=reKE.," r;akmqrh" kqjr yd ud;f,a Èia;%slalj, l%shd;aul l<wOHhkfha § wvq myiqlï we;s Èia;%slalj, mj;akd úIu;d b;d by< nj wkdjrKh lrwe;' r;akmqr iy uykqjr Èia;%slalj, úIu;d wvq nj;a l=reKE., iy fmdf<dkakrejÈia;%slalj, úIu;d jeä nj;aa fmkajd § we;' Èia;%slal w;r mj;akd .Ks; idOkfhaúIu;dj jißka jir by< hk nj y÷kd f.k we;'

isx.mamQrefõ kekahEka.a ;dlaIKsl úYaj úoHd,h isx.mamQrefõ oaú;Shsl uÜgfïYsIHhka 1215 la fhdod f.k isx.mamQrefõ YsIHhkaf.a .Ks;h yd .Ks;h bf.kSu ms<sn|j wdl,am uefhka l< wOHhkfha wkdjrK my; oelafõ'

.Ks;h bf.kSu m%shckl nj 73] la o" .Ks;h yeoEÍfuka úkaokhla ,nk nj74] la m%ldY lr we;' 63] la YsIHhka .Ks;h mdvïj,g iïnkaO ùug leu;s w;r" 49]la YsIHhka .Ks;h bf.kSu i|yd ld,h jeh lsÍug leu;s wh jQy' 37] la YsIHhkaa.Ks;h Tjqkg wudre úIhla f,i m%ldY lr we;s w;r" 22] la YsIHfhda .Ks;h ms<sn|hym;a ye`.Sula fkdor;s'

.Ks;h bf.kSu ms<sn| j YsIHfhda idudkHfhka NS;shla olaj;s' 30] blaujQ YsIHm%;sY;hla .Ks;h mdvïj,g iyNd.s jk úg wd;;sfhka fmf<k nj;a" Bg iudk u YsIHm%;sY;hla ksrjq,a j .Ks;h .eg¨ úi£u ms<sn| j is;Sug fkdyels nj;a" m%ldY lr we;'22] la YsIHhka .Ks;h yeoEÍfï § ìhla olajk w;r 30]la YsIHfhda úYAjdihla fkdor;s'.Ks;h ms<sn| my< uÜgfï NS;shla oelaùu by< uÜgfï .Ks; idOkhlaa fmkaùugfya;= jk nj wkdjrKh lr we;'

15

77] la YsIHhka ;udg .Ks;uh yelshdjka m%o¾Ykh lsÍug yels njg m%;spdrolajd we;s w;r" 61] la YsIHfhda .Ks;fhka by< fY%aKs ,nd .ekSug yels nj úYajdilr;s' tfia u 31] la YsIHhka wNsfhda.d;aul .Ks; .eg¨ úi£ug leu;s ke;s nj i|ykalr we;' .Ks;h m%fhdackj;a nj 91]la YsIHhka m%ldY lr we;s w;r 89] la th jeo.;anj ms<s.kS' .Ks;h bf.kSu ld,h kdia;s lsÍula fkdjk nj 84]lf.a u;h ù we;'

.Ks;h ms<sn| j YsIHhkaf.a wdl,am fudkjd o@ uefhka 1999 § l%shd;aul úoHdjyd .Ks;h ms<sn| cd;Hka;r iólaIKfha § (TIMSS) my; oelafjk lreKq wkdjrKh lrwe;'

cd;Hka;r j 8 fY%aKsfha YsIHfhda .Ks;h ms<sn| j Okd;aul wdl,am or;s' 37] laby< uÜgfï § o" 52] la uOHu uÜgfï § o" 11] la my< uÜgfï § o Okd;aul wdl,amor;s' .Ks;h ms<sn| wdl,am yd .Ks;h idOkh w;r b;d meyeÈ,s Okd;aul iïnkaOhlamj;sk nj wkdjrKh lr we;' msßñ <uhskaf.a yd .eyeKq <uhskaf.a Okd;aul wdl,amw;r fjfiis fjkia m%;sY; orhs' .=rejrekaf.a WmfoaYk jevigyka ms<sn| j o fuuiólaIKfha § wOHhkh lr we;' úúO wjia:dj, mj;akd úIhud,dj .=rejrekaf.a mka;sldurfha wjYH;d yd yelshd wkqj kùlrKh lr .ekSug yd w¾:l:kh lr .ekSug.=rejrekag wjYH ù we;s nj o" iydh f,ig bÈßm;a lr we;s úIhud,dj yd wOHdmkmoaO;sh w;r wix.; njlaa fmkakqï lrk nj o fuu wOHhkfha § fidhdf.k we;'

by; m¾fhaIK wkdjrK YsIHhkaf.a .Ks; idOkh yd Tjqkaf.a ixcdkk w;rmj;akd wfkHdkH iïnkaOh b,lal lr f.k we;' úúO úp,Hhkaf.a n,mEu o fuuwOHhkj, § y÷kdf.k we;' woH;k wOHhkh o YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk flfrys n,mdkidOl flfrys ÈYdNsuqL ù we;'

16

3' 0 m¾fhaIK l%ufõoh

fuu wOHhkfha l%ufõoh m%Odk mshjr yhlska bÈßm;a lr we;' tu mshjr 6 my;oelafõ'

i. ksheÈh f;dard .ekSu

ii. o;a; /ia lsÍfï WmlrK ilia lsÍu

iii. o;a; /ia lsÍu i|yd m¾fhaIlhka f;dard .ekSu iy mqyqKq lsÍu

iv. o;a; /ia lsÍu

v. /ia l< o;a; úYaf,aIKh i|yd iqodkï lsÍu

vi. o;a; úYaf,aIKh lsÍu

vii. wkdjrK m%p,s; lsÍu

3'1 ksheÈh f;dard .ekSu

wOHhkh i|yd YS% ,xldfõ ish¨ m<d;a ksfhdackh jk mßÈ mdi,a 75lska weuqKqu10 - mdi,a ksheÈh & tl mdi,lska YsIHhka 20 ne.ska YsIHhka 1500l ksfhdackhla ,nd.ekSug wfmalaIs; úh' ta i|yd 2011 j¾Ifha wOHdmk wud;HdxYfhka ksl=;a lrk ,omdi,a kdu f,aLkh kshe§fï rduqj f,i fhdod .eksKs' ta wkqj tla tla m<df;a 1AB, 1C,iy 2 j¾.fha mdi,aj, kjh fY%aKsfha bf.kqu ,enQ YsIH ixLHdjg iudkqmd;sl f,imdi,a 75l ksheÈhla wyUq f,i f;dard .eksKs' fuys § ksheÈfha m%Odk ia;r f,i wjOdkhfhduq lrk ,oafoa m<d; iy mdi,a j¾.h hs' fï wkqj ia;r folla muKla ksfhdackhúh' fufia f;dard .kakd ,o mdi,aj,ska kjh fY%aKsfha bf.k .kakd YsIHhska 20 ne.skaf;dard .eksKs' iudka;r mka;s we;s úg tl mka;shla wyUq f,i f;dard .kakd ,§' tfiaf;dard .;a miq f;aÍug ,la jq mka;sfha YsIHhka 20 lg jeä kï tu YsIHhka 20 o f;dard.kakd ,oafoa ;=Kavq we§fï l%uhg hs' f;dard .;a mka;sfha YsIH ixLHdj 20 fyda wvq jqfhakï tu YsIHhka ish¨ fokd u wOHhkhg we;=<;a lr .kakd ,§'

17

wOHhkh i|yd f;dard .;a mdi,a m<d;a iy mdi,a j¾.h wkqj my; i|yka j.=fjkam%ldYs; h'

j.= wxl 3'1 ( ksheÈh i|yd f;dard .kakd ,o mdi,a ixLHdj

mdi,a j¾.h mdi,a j¾.h tl;=j

yd udOH 1AB 1C 2

S T S T S T S T

niakdysr 9 - 4 1 2 2 15 03

uOHu 2 1 4 - 1 1 07 02

ol=K 5 - 3 - 2 - 10 -

W;=r - 2 - 1 - 2 - 05

kef.kysr - 2 - 3 1 2 01 07

W!j 1 1 2 - 1 - 04 01

inr.uqj 2 - 2 - 2 - 06 -

jhU 3 - 3 1 2 - 08 01

W;=re ueo 2 - 2 - 1 - 05 -

tl;=j 24 06 20 06 12 07 56 19

f;dard .kakd ,o mdi,a 75ka uOHu m<d; ksfhdackh lrk 2 j¾.fha mdi,l 9fY%aKsfha YsIH ixLHdj b;d wvq m%udKhla jq neúka tu m<df;a u tu mdi,a mßirhg iEuw;ska u iudk ;;a;ajh fmkakqï lrk tfy;a YsIH ixLHdj 20 jq mdi,la f;dard .ekSugisÿ úh' YsIHhka f;dard .ekSfï § YsIHhkaf.a mqñ;sß nj fkdi,ld yeßKs' mdif,a §mqñ;sß nj ^nd,l$nd,sld$ñY%& iy bf.k .kakd udOHh o mdif,a msysàu oms<sn| j ksheÈfha f;dr;=re /ia lsÍfï § wjOdkhg ,la úh'

3' 2 o;a; /ia lsÍfï WmlrK ilia lsÍu

ñY% m¾fhaIK m%fõYh Tiafia wOHhkh isÿ lsÍug wjYH ksheÈh f;dard .ekSfukamiq isÿ lrk ,oafoa wod< wruqKq idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd WÑ; m¾fhaIK WmlrKks¾udKh lr .ekSuhs' wOHhkhg wod< o;a; ?ia lsÍu i|yd m%Odk WmlrK 04 laks¾udKh lr .kakd ,oS'

1' YsIHhka i|yd m%Yakdj,sh

2' YsIHhkaf.a ixl,am idOk uÜgï uekSu i|yd m%Yak m;%h

3' .=rejreka i|yd m%Yakdj,sh

4 mdif,ka f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSfï m;s%ldj

m<d;

18

ñY% m¾fhaIK m%fõYh Tiafia wOHhkh lsÍug wfmalaIs; jq j o .=Kd;aul m¾fhaIKWmlrK ilia lsÍug fkdyels jq neúka m%udKd;aul m¾fhaIK WmlrK muKla o;a;/ia lsÍug fhdod .ekSug isÿ úh' YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk ,nd .ekSu i|yd ilia lrk ,om%Yakdj,sh ilia lsÍfï § wOHhkfha wruqKqj,g o wod< jk lafIa;% 06la y÷kd .ekSugyels úh' tu flaIa;% my; oelafõ'

1' idudkH oelau 4' wd;au úYajdih2' NS;sh 5' .=re N+ñldj3' wkd.; wfmalaIK 6' .Ks; f;aud

fï tla tla f;audjg wod< j m%Yak 5lg fkd wvq ixLHdjla we;=<;a jk fiam%Yakdj,sh ilia lrk ,§' tfia ilia lrk ,o YsIH m%Yakdj,sh mQ¾j mÍlaIKhlg ,lalsÍfuka wk;=re j ixialrKh lrk ,§' wjidk m%Yakdj,sh m%Yak 32lska iukaú; úh'fuu m%Yakdj,sfha m%Yak ñY% jk fia ^lafIa;% hg;g f.dkq fkdlr& bÈßm;a lrk ,§'^weuqKqu 01&

j.=j 3'2( YsIH m%Yakdj,sfha m%Yakj, jHdma;sh'

we.hSug ,la lrk lafIa;% m%Yak wxl

1' idudkH oelau 1" 6 " 9" 13" 21" 7

2' NS;sh 2" 14" 22" 27

3' wkd.; wfmalaIK 3" 15" 23" 26

4' wd;au úYajdih 4" 8" 5" 16" 12

5' .=re N+ñldj 10" 11" 17" 18" 20" 24" 25" 28

6' .Ks; f;aud 19" 29" 30" 31" 32

YsIHhkag bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd ilia lrk ,o fojk WmlrKh jkafkaa YsIHhkaf.aixl,am idOk uÜgï uekSu i|yd jq m%Yak m;%h hs' fuu m%Yak m;%h ilia lsÍug fmrkj jk fY%aKsfha úIh ks¾foaYhg wod< f;aud yh Tiafia nyqqjrK iy flá W;A;rimhk wdldrfha jkq we;=<;a m%Yak m;% 06la ilia lrk ,§' tu f;aud yh jkafka

1' ùc.Ks;h 4' ixLHd

2' ñkqï 5' l=,l yd iïNdú;d

3' cHdñ;sh 6' ixLHdkh hs

fuu m%Yak m;% ilia lsÍfï § oekqu yd l=i,;d " ikaksfõokh " fya;= oelaùu"iïnkaO;d oelSu iy .eg¨ úi|Su hk .Ks; wruqKq uefkk fia jkq ilia lsÍu i|ydks,am;la iqúfYaIK j.=j - weuqKqu 8" 9 & Wmfhda.s lr .kakd ,§ ' tu ks,amf;a wdlD;shmy; oelafõ'

19

m%YAk fY%aKsh ksmqK;d úIh wruqKq oekqu ikaks- iïnkaO;d fya;= .eg¨ tl;=j wxlh uÜgu wka;¾.;h l=i,;d fõokh oelSu oelaùu úi§u

1 9 21'2 iudka;r f¾Ld 2 9 21'2 iudka;r f¾Ld

wdYs%; fldaK

3

4

rEmh 3'1( ixl,am idOk uÜgï uekSu i|yd m%Yak m;%h ieliSug wod<ks,a mf;a wdlD;sh

.Ks;h f;aud yh u yd wruqKq 05 u ksfhdackh jk fia m%Yak m;% 6ys wvx.= jqm%Yak ixLHd my; oelafõ'

j.= wxl 3'3( .Ks;h bf.kSfï wruqKq yd f;aud wkqj m%Yak

wruqK oekqu yd ikaksfõokh iïnkaO;d fya;= .eg¨ tl;=j

f;audj l=i,;d oelSu ±laùu úi|Su

ñkqï 7 3 3 1 1 15

ùc.Ks;h 6 4 1 1 0 12

cHdñ;sh 5 - 01 04 - 10

ixLHd 8 - 2 1 1 12

l=,l yd

iïNdú;dj 6 5 - - - 11

ixLHdkh 3 5 2 0 0 10

niakdysr" inr.uqj" W!j" hk m<d;aj, isxy, udOH mdi,a 10lska yd "fou< udOH mdi,a 02lska ^weuqKqu 07 & iukaú; mdi,a 12la myiq;d ksheÈhla f;dard f.k tu mdi,aj, kjh fY%aKsfha tla mka;shl YsIHhkag fuu m%Yak m;% 06 ,nd § mQ¾j mÍlaIKhlg ,laa lrk ,§' mQ¾j mÍlaIKfha oS jkqj, j,x.=;dj flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrk ,§' mQ¾jmÍlaIKfhka ,nd .;a W;a;r m;% m%Yak ilia l< .Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=fõ lKavdhuúiska u ,l=Kq lrk ,§' W;a;r m;% ,l=Kq lr ,nd .;a ,l=Kq whs;u úYaf,aIKhg ,lalrk ,§' ta wkqj wjidk m%Yak m;%h ilia lrk ,§'

35 17 9 7 2 70

20

tla tla whs;uhg wod< ÿIalr;d o¾Ylh iy úNdjk o¾Ylh .Kkh lrk ,§' ÿIalr;do¾Ylh 0'4 - 0'6 w;r jQ yd úNdjk o¾Ylh 0'3 g jeä whs;u wjidk m%Yak m;%h ilialsÍug f;dard .kakd ,§' f;aud 6g u we;=<;a jk fia fuu m%Yak f;aÍu lrk ,o w;rtu wjidk m%Yak m;%h nyqjrK m%Yak 30lska iukaú; m<uq m;%hlska o flá W;a;rwfmalaIs; jHqy.; jkq 10lska iukaú; fojk m;%hlska o hqla; úh' ^weuqKqu 02" 03" 04&wjidk m%Yak m;%fha jHqyh my; oelafjk iqúfYaIK j.=fjys wvx.= fõ'

j.=j 3'4( .Ks;h f;aud yhu yd wruqKq 05 u ksfhdackh jkfia imhk m%Yakm;%fhys wvx.= jq m%Yak ixLHd

wruqK oekqu yd ikaksfõokh iïnkaO;d fya;= .eg¨ tl;=j l=i,;d oelSu oelaùu úi|Su

f;audj

ñkqï 05 02 01 - 01 09

ùc.Ks;h 03 03 03 - - 09

cHdñ;sh 04 01 01 03 - 09

ixLHd 06 - 01 03 01 11

l=,l yd

iïNdú;dj 04 03 01 - - 08

ixLHdkh 02 03 02 - - 10

tl;=j 24 12 09 06 02 53

m%Yak m;%fha oekqu l=i,;d m%;sY;h 45% la muK jQfha kjh fY%aKsfha úIh ks¾foaYfhawe;s m%;sY;h mokï jk fia h' .eg¨ úi£u ms<sn| wruqK i|yd m%Yak 02la muKla fhdod.;af;a kj jk fY%aKsfha YsIHhkaf.a udkisl uÜgu ie,ls,a,g .ekSfuks'

.=rejreka i|yd ilia lrk ,o m%Yakdj,sh f;aud 07 la Tiafia o;a; ,nd .ekSui|yd ilia lrk ,§' tu f;aud 07 my; oelafõ' ^weuqKqu 05&

1' mdif,a f;dr;=re

2' fm!oa.,sl f;dr;=re

3' bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%u

4' .=re YsIH iïnkaO;dj

5' .=re N=ñldj iy l<ukdlrKh

6' jD;a;Sh ixj¾Okh

7' iyDo iïnkaO;d

21

mdif,a f;dr;=re m;s%ldj m%Odk jYfhka flIa;% 6la Tiafia f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSui|yd ilia lrk ,§'

• mdif,a msysàu• .=rejre• mdi, ms<sn| úia;r• mdif,a mßirh• YsIHhka• kjh fY%aKsfha mka;s tu flaIa;% fõ' ^weuqKqu 6&

3'3 o;a; /ialsÍu i|yd m¾fhaIlhka f;dard .ekSu iy mqyqKq lsÍu

m<d;a 9ka f;dard .;a mdi,a 75la " YsIHhka 1500 la iy .=rejreka 75lf.a o;a;/ia lsÍu i|yd iqÿiq ld¾h uKav,hla f;dard .ekSu B<`. wjYH;dj úh' ta i|ydksheÈfha mdi,a 75 wh;a l,dm ld¾hd,j,g wOHhkh ms<sn| oekqj;a lrñka" o;a; /ialsÍug iqÿiq mqoa.,hka kï lr tjk fuka ,sÅ; b,a,Sula lrk ,§' tu b,a,Sug m%;spdrolajñka wod< l,dm ld¾hd,j,ska kï lrk ,o mqoa.,hka mqyqKq lsÍu iy o;a; /ialsÍfï WmlrK ,nd §u B<`. l¾;jHh úh' isxy, udOH mdi,a i|yd f;dard .;am¾fhaIlhka i|yd cd;sl wOHdmk wddh;kfha § o fou< udOH m¾fhaIlhka i|ydjõkshdfõ § o tla Èk mqyqKq jev igyka 2la mj;ajk ,§' o;a; /ia lsÍu i|yd m¾fhaIlhkagudihl ld,hla ,nd fok ,§'

3'4 o;a; /ialsÍu (

o;a; /ia lsÍu i|yd m¾fhaIlhka 50l lKavdhula iyNd.s úh' fufia /ia lrk,o o;a; Ndr.ekSu i|yd cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha .Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=fõ § tla Èkjevuq¿jla mj;ajk ,§' /ia lr .;a o;a;j, wiïmq¾K;d y÷kd f.k tu wiïmQ¾K;diïmq¾K lr.ekSu i|yd .eg¨ u;= jQ mdi,aj,g hdug o fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ks,OdÍkagisÿ úh' we;eï mdi,aj, o;a; /ia lsÍu yd ta wdY%s; w;a±lSï ,nd .ekSu i|ydfomd¾;fïka;=fõ ks,OdÍyq o mdi,a 10 lg .shy'

3'5 /ia l< o;a; úYaf,aIKh i|yd iqodkï lsÍu

o;a; /ialsÍfuka miq ,nd.;a o;a; úYaf,aIKh i|yd iqÿiq f,i ilia lr .; hq;=úh' YsIH ixLHd uÜgï mÍlaId lsÍu i|yd YsIHhskag ,nd ÿka m%Yak m;%j, W;a;r m;%,l=Kq lsÍu wjYH úh' ta i|yd jevuq¿ myla cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha .Ks;fomd¾;fïka;=fõ § mj;ajk ,§' tfia ,l=Kq lrk ,o W;a;r m;%j, ,l=Kq iïmq¾Kfhkamß.Kl .; lrk ,o w;r YsIH ixcdkk m%Yakdj,sh iy .=re m%Yakdj,sh u.ska ,nd .;ao;a; o mß.Kl .; lr úYaf,aIKh i|yd iqodkï lrk ,§' Excel yd SPSS uDoqldx.o;a; úYaf,aIKh i|yd fhdod .eKsks'

3'6 o;a; úYaf,aIKh lsÍu

o;a; /ia lrkq ,enqfha m%udKd;aul j neúka tu o;a; úYaf,aIKh lsÍu i|ydúia;rd;aul ixLHdk l%u Wmfhda.s lr .kakd ,§'

22

1' iuia; wOHhkfha uQ,sl o;a; jYfhka mdi,a f;dr;=re /ia lsÍfï m;s%ldfõ 1- 5olajd jq m%Yakj,g ,nd ÿka ms<s;=re iy .=re m%Yakdj,sfha .=rejrekaf.a fm!oa.,slf;dr;=re o kdñl mßudKfhys o;a; jYfhka bÈßm;a l< yels neúka tu f;dr;=rej.= .; lsÍï" yd m%;sY; jYfhka bÈßm;a lsÍu lrk ,§' tfia ,nd .;a o;a;m%ia;dßl j ksrEmKh lsÍfuka wOHhkhg iyNd.s jq mdi,a yd .=rejreka ms<sn|jvd meyeÈ,s Ñ;%hla f.dv ke.Sug yels úh'

2' wOHhkfha wruqKq idlaId;a lsrSu i|yd

a .=rejrhdf.a b.ekaùfï l%u - YsIH idOkh

b .=rejrhdf.a iajNdjh - YsIH idOkh

c mdif,a bf.kqï jd;djrKh - YsIH idOkh

d YsIH ixcdkkj,g wkqjYsIH wkd.; wfmalaId - YsIH idOkhYsIH wd;au úYajdih - YsIH idOkhYsIHhdf.a NS;sh - YsIH idOkh

e iumoia: iïnkaO;d - YsIH idOkh

f YsIHhd iïnkaO

.=rejrhdf.a wdl,am - .=rejrhd iïnkaO YsIHhdf.a wdl,am

g .Ks;hg we;s <eÈhdj - YsIH idOkh

w;r iy iïnkaO;djla ;sfí oe hs mÍlaId lrk ,§'

YsIH m%Yak m;%fha ,l=Kqj, uOHkh úúO ia;r hgf;a .Kkh lrk ,oS' mdi,a j¾."ÿIalr-kd.ßl nj" mqñ;sß nj" udOHh wkqj uOHkHh .Kkh lr uOHkH w;r úp,;djlawe;a oe hs mÍlaId lrk ,§' iEu jkqjl u iEu wruqKlg wod< jkqj," iEu f;audjlgwod< jkqj, ÿIalr;d o¾Ylh .Kkh lrkq ,eìKs' tfia .Kkh lr.;a w.h j.= u.skayd ia:ïN m%ia;dr u.ska ksremKh flßKs'

3'7 wkdjrK m%p,s; lsÍu

m¾fhaIKfha wkdjrK m%p,s; lsÍu wkq.ukh lrk ,o l%u fol my; oelafõ'

1' úoaj;a uKav,hla m%uqL mdi,a .=rejreka iyNd.s lr f.k meje;ajQiïuka;%Kh

2' wOHhkfha wkdjrK wka;¾cd,hg ksl=;a lsÍu

23

4' o;a; bosrsm;a lsrSu" úYaf,aIKh yd w¾:l:kh

4'1 ksheÈh (ksheosh hgf;a ,nd .;a o;a; YsIH ksheosh ms<sn|" mdi,a ksheosh yd .=re ksheosh hk

wkq ldKav hgf;a úYaf,aIKh yd w¾:l:kh lrk ,oS'

4'1'1 YsIH ksheÈh

wOHhkh i|yd YsIHhka 1409 fofkla iyNd.s jQy' bka 73'4] la isxy, udOHYsIHhka jk w;r 26'6la fou< udOH YsIHfhda jQy' ^j.j= 4'1&

j.=j 4'1( udOHh wkqj YsIH jHdma;sh

udOHh YsIH ixLHdj m%;sY;h

isxy, 1034 73'4

fou< 375 26'6

tl;=j 1409 100

j.=j 4'2( mdi,a j¾.h wkqj YsIH jHdma;sh

mdi,a j¾.h YsIH ixLHdj m%;sY;h

1 AB 577 41'0

1 C 473 33'6

2 j¾.h 359 25'4

tl;=j 1409 100

ksheÈhg 1 AB iy 1 C mdi,aj,ska iyNd.s jQ YsIH m%;sY;h 2 j¾.fha mdi,aj,ska

iyNd.s jQ YsIH m%;sY;hg jvd jeäh' ^j.=j 4'2&

j.=j 4'3( m<d;a md,k n, m%foaY wkqj YsIH jHdma;sh

m<d;a md,k YsIH ixLHdj m%;sY;h wdh;kh

uy k.r iNd 99 7'0

k.r iNd 313 22'2

m%dfoaYSh iNd 997 70'8

tl;=j 1409 100

mdi,a j¾.h wkqj YsIH

jHdma;sh

2

j¾.h

25.4%

1 C

33.6%

1 AB

41%

m<d;a md,k wdh;kh wkqj

YsIH jHdma;sh

m%dfoaYSh

iNd

70.8%

k.r

iNd

22.2%

uy

k.r

iNd

7%

udOHh wkqj YsIH jHdma;sh

isxy,

73.4%

fou<

26.6%

24

wOHhkhg iyNd.s jQ mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.ka 70]la m%dfoaYSh iNd n, m%foaY

ksfhdackh l< w;r uy k.r iNd n, m%foaY ksfhdackh l< m%;sY;h wju ^7]& fõ'

j.=j 4'4( kd.ßl" .%dóh nj wkqj YsIH jHdma;sh

iajNdjh YsIH ixLHdj m%;sY;h

kd.ßl 412 29'2

.%dóh 997 70'8

tl;=j 1409 100

wOHhkhg iyNd.s jQ .%dóh YsIH jHdma;sh 70'8] la jQ by< m%;sY;hla .kS'

^j.=j 4'4&

4'1'2 mdi,a ksheÈh

j.=j 4'5( udOHh wkqj mdi,a jHdma;sh

udOHh mdi,a ixLHdj m%;sY;h

isxy, 55 74'3

fou< 19 25'7

tl;=j 74 100

isxy, yd fou< YsIH wkqmd;h wdikak f,i rfÜ mj;akd ckjd¾.sl wkqmd;hg

iudk fõ' ^j.=j 4'5&

j.=j 4'6( mdi,a j¾.h wkqj YsIH jHdma;sh

mdi,a j¾.h YsIH ixLHdj m%;sY;h

1 AB 29 39'2

1 C 26 35'1

2 j¾.h 19 25'7

tl;=j 74 100

mdi,a j¾.h wkqj ie,l+ úg wOHhkhg iyNd.s jQ 1 AB YsIH m%;sY;h wfkla

mdi,a j¾.j, YsIH m%;sY;hg jvd úYd, fõ' ^j.=j 4'6 &

kd.ßl yd .%dóh nj wkqj YsIH

m%;sY;h

kd.ßl29.2%

.%dóh 70.8%

udOH wkqj mdi,a jHdma;sh

isxy,

74.3%

fou<

25.7%

mdi,a j¾.h wkqj mdi,a

jHdma;sh

1 AB

39.2%

2

j¾.h

25.7%

1 C

35.1%

25

j.=j 4'7( nd,l" nd,sld" ñY% mdi,a jHdma;sh

iajNdjh mdi,a ixLHdj mdi,a m%;sY;h

nd,l 4 5'4

nd,l 4 5'4

ñY% 66 89'2

tl;=j 74 100

ksheÈfha ñY% mdi,a m%;sY;h 89'2% ls' b;d úYd, m%;sY;hls' th nd,l yd nd,sld

m%;sY;hg jvd b;d by< hs' ^ j.=j 4'7&

4'1'3 .=re ksheosh

wOHhkh i|yd f;dard.;a .=rejreka ixLHdj 75 la jqj o .=re m%Yakdj,sh iïmQ¾K lr §wOHhkhg iyNd.s jQ .=rejreka ixLHdj 66 ls'

j.=j 4'8( udOHh wkqj .=re jHdma;sh

udOHh mdi,a ixLHdj .=re m%;sY;h

isxy, 53 80'3

fou< 13 19'7

tl;=j 66 100

.=re ksheÈfhka 80]la isxy, udOH .=rejreka fõ'

j.=j4'9 j.=j' mqñ;srs nj wkqj .=re jHdma;sh

mqñ;sßnj ixLHdj m%;sY;h

msßñ 27 40'9

.eyeKq 39 59'1

tl;=j 66 100

ksheÈfha .=rejrekaf.ka 59] lg wdikak ixLHdjla .eyekq .=rejre fj;s' f;dard.;a

ksheÈfha msßñ .=re m%;sY;h 40'9] ls' fuh rfÜ uqM .=re ck.ykfha msßñ m%;sY;h blaujd

hk m%;sY;hls' ^j.=j 4'9&

nd,l" nd,sld yd ñY% mdi,a

jHdma;sh

ñY% 89.2%

nd,l5.4% nd,sld

5.4%

26

j.=j 4'10 ( wOHdmk iqÿiqlï wkqj .=re jHdma;sh

iqÿiqlï .=rejreka ixLHdj

mYapd;a Wmdê 1

úoHdfõ§ Wmdê 12

úoHdfõ§ fkdjk Wmdê 5

Wiia fm< iu;a 46

idudkH fm< iu;a 1

m%;spdr i|yka lr fkdue;s 1

tl;=j 66

jeä .=rejre ixLHdjlf.a by< u wOHdmk iqÿiqlï ù we;af;a Wiia fm<

iu;a ùu h' ^j.=j 4'10&

j.=j 4'11( jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï wkqj .=re jHdma;sh

iqÿiqlï .=rejreka m%;sY;h] ixLHdj

mYapd;a Wmdê wOHdmk ämaf,daud 9 13'6

wOHdmkfõ§ 8 12'1

cd;sl YslaIK úoHd ämaf,daud .Ks;h 13 19'7

cd;sl YslaIK úoHd ämaf,daud .Ks;h fkdjk 7 10'6

.=re úoHd, mqyqKq - .Ks;h 10 15'2

.=re úoHd, mqyqKq - fjk;a 1 1'5

ÿria: mqyqKq 13 19'7

kqmqyqKq 2 3'1

iafjÉPd 0 0'0

m%;spdr fkd±lajQ 3 4'5

tl;=j 66 100

ksheÈfha .=reNj;=kaf.ka 97]la muK b.ekaùug iïnkaO jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï iys;

jQfjda fj;s' kqmqyqKq .=rejreka jQfha 3]la muKs' ^ j.=j 4'11&

27

j.=j 4'12( m<d;a wkqj .=re jHdma;sh

m<d; .=re ixLHdj m%;sY;h]

niakdysr 15 22'7

ol=Kq 10 15'2uOHu 9 13'6inr.uqj 6 9'1W!j 3 4'5jhU 8 12'2kef.kysr 7 10'6W;=r 3 4'5W;=re ueo 5 7'6

tl;=j 66 100

wOHhkhg iyNd.s jQ .=rejrekaf.ka 10] jeä m%;sY;hla tkï 74'3]la niakdysr"ol=K" uOHu" jhU yd kef.kysr m<d;a ksfhdackh l<y' thska o jeä m%;sY;hla

^22'7]& ksfhdackh lf<a niakdysr m<d; h' ^j.=j 4'12&

j.=j 4'13( mdi,a j¾.h wkqj .=re jHdma;sh

m<d; .=re ixLHdj m%;sY;h ]

1 AB msßñ 2 3'1

1 AB .eyekq 3 4'5

1 AB ñY% 23 34'8

1 C msßñ 0 0'0

1 C .eyekq 1 1'5

1 C ñY% 21 31'8

2 j¾.h msßñ 0 0'0

2 j¾.h .eyekq 2 3'1

2 j¾.h ñY% 14 21'2

tl;=j 66 100'0

ñY% mdi,a ksfhdackh lrk .=re ixLHdj wêl h' th 87'8] ls'

j.=j 4'14( m<d;a md,k n, m%foaYh wkqj .=re jHdma;sh

m<d;a md,k n, m%foaYh .=rejreka ixLHdj m%;sY;h ]

uy k.r iNd 8 12'1

k.r iNd 7 10'6

m%foaYSh iNd 51 77'3

tl;=j 66 100

28

j.=j 4'15 fiajd ld,h wkqj .=re jHdma;sh

fiajd ld,h wjqreÿ .=rejreka ixLHdj m%;sY;h ]

1 - 5 17 25'8

6 - 10 15 22'7

11 - 20 13 19'7

20 jeä 21 31'8

tl;=j 66 100

.=re ksheÈfha jeä u .=re ixLHdjla fiajd ld,h wjq' 20 g jeä wh ùu úfYaI

,laIKhls' wjqreÿ 20 g jeä fiajd ld,hla yd wjqreÿ 5g wvq fiajd ld,hla iys;

.=rejreka ixLHdj idfmalaI j jeäh'

fuu ish¨ u úp,H ie,ls,a,g .;a úg ksheÈfha mdi,a" .=rejreka iy YsIH ixLHdjkaf.a

jeä ksfhdackh niakdysr m<df;ka jk w;r m%dfoaYSh iNd n, m%foaYj,ska o .%dóh

uÜgfuka o 1 AB yd 1 C mdi,aj,ska o isÿ j we;' wOHhkhg iyNd.s jQ .=rejrekaf.ka

93]la jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï iys; m<mqreÿ wh jQy'

4'2 YsIH m%Yak m;%hYsIHhka i|yd fok ,o m%Yak m;%h I yd II f,i fldgia follska iukaú; úh' I

m;%hg uq`M ,l=Kq .Kk 60la o II m%Yak m;%hg uq`M ,l=Kq .Kk 40la o úh' YsIH idOk uÜgï wkdjrKh lr .ekSu i|yd fok ,o m%Yak m;%hg YsIHhka 1409fofkla W;a;r imhk ,§' bka 73]la isxy, udOHfhka W;a;r iemhQ wh jQy'^j.=j 4'16 &

j.=j 4'16( m%Yak m;%hg W;a;r iemhQ YsIH jHdma;sh - udOH wkqj

udOHh mdi,a ixLHdj YsIH m%;sY;h

isxy, 1034 73'4

fou< 375 26'6

tl;=j 1409 100

'

29

j.=j 4'17( m%Yak m;%hg YsIHhka ,nd.;a ,l=Kq ms<sn| o;a;'

udOHh I m;%h II m;%h wjika ,l=Kq ^,l=Kq 60ka& ^,l=Kq 40ka& (I + II)

uOHkHh 25'68 10'61 36'29

ud;h 18 0 20

iïu; wm.ukh 10'15 9'51 18'53

Wmßu w.h 60 40 96

wju w.h 2 0 2

m<uq p;=¾:lh 18 2 22

fojk p;=¾:lh 24 8 32

f;jk p;=¾:lh 32 17 49

fuu m%Yak m;%hg YsIHhka ,nd .;a ,l=Kq ms<sn| o;a; j.=j 4'17" 4'18" 4'19" iy 4'20

u.ska bÈß m;a lr we;'

j.=j 4'17g wkqj I m;%fha uOHkHh ;rul by< w.hla .;a; o" II m;%fha

uOHkHh my< w.hla f.k we;' wjika ,l=Kqj, uOHkHh 36'39 la ùu i;=gqodhl

uÜgula fkdfõ' II m;%h i|yd jeä u YsIH ixLHdjla ,nd f.k we;s ,l=Kq .Kk 0 ùu

b;d wi;=gqodhl ;;a;ajhls' II m;%fha úisÍu o by< uÜgul mj;sk nj iïu;wm.ukfhka fmkakqï lrhs' uq`M YsIH ck.ykfhka 75]la u uq`M ,l=Kq 49 la fyda Bg

wvqfjka ,nd f.k we;' 50]la u ,l=Kq 32la fyda Bg wvqfjka ,nd f.k we;' II m;%h

i|yd YsIH ck.ykfhka 50]la o ,ndf.k we;af;a ,l=Kq 8la fyda Bg wvqfjks' m%Yak

m;% folg u Wmßu ,l=Kq ,nd.;a YsIHhka isák w;r Wmßu uqM ,l=Kq .Kk 96 ls' fuu

o;a; u`.ska fmkakqï lrkqfha iq`M YsIH m%;sY;hla by< idOk uÜgula m%o¾Ykh l< o

úYd, YsIH m%;sY;hla my< idOk uÜgula m%o¾Ykh lrk njhs' m%Yak m;% i|yd YsIHhka

,nd.;a ,l=Kq ksrEmKh lrk cd, f¾L wOHhkfhka by; ;;a;ajh ;jÿrg;a meyeÈ,s

fõ' ^ rEmh 4'1" 4'2 iy 4'3&

rEmh 4'1 .Ks;h - I m;%h i|yd YsIHhka ,nd .;a ,l=Kq ksrEmKhflfrk cd, f¾Lh ^m%u; jl%h iu`.&

,l=Kq - 1 m;%h

uOHkHh } 25'68iïu; wm.ukh } 15'15YsIH ixLHdj } 1409

ixL

Hd;

h

30

rEmh 4'2 .Ks;h - II m;%h i|yd YsIHhka ,nd .;a ,l=Kq ksrEmKh flfrk cd,f¾Lh ^m%u; jl%h iu`.&

rEmh 4'3 - YsIHhka ,nd .;a uq`M ,l=Kq ksrEmKh flfrk cd,f¾Lh ^m%u; jl%h iu`.&

ixL

Hd;

h

,l=Kq - 11 m;%h

ixL

Hd;

h

wjidk ,l=Kq



31

rEmh 4'4( .Ks;h I yd .Ks;h II m%Yak m;%j,g YsIHhka ,enQ ,l=Kqj, m%;smdhkh

m%;smdhk f¾Ldj wkqj .Ks;h I yd II m%Yak m;%j,g YsIHhka ,nd .;a ,l=Kq w;r

Ok iyiïnkaOhla we;s nj meyeÈ,s fõ'

I m;%fha ,l=Kq wdikak jYfhka m%u; j jHdma; ù we;s nj fmfka' tfy;a II

m;%fha ,l=Kq Ok l=ál jHdma;shls' uqM ,l=Kqj, o Ok l=ál jHdma;shla fmkakqï lrhs

^rEmh 4'3&'

j.=j 4' 18 mqñ;sß nj wkqj ,l=Kq jHdma;sh

msrsñ .eyeKq

I m;%h II m;%h uq`M ,l=Kq II m;%h I m;%h uq`M ,l=Kq

uOHkHh 25'99 10'52 36'51 25'76 10'78 36'55

ud;h 22 0 22 16 0 20

iïu; wm.ukh 10'23 9'38 18'45 10'28 9'49 18'38

Wmßu w.h 60 40 94 58 39 96

wju w.h 4 6 5 4 0 4

m<uq p;=¾:lh 18 3 22 18 3 22

fojk p;=¾:lh 24 8 33 24 8 32

f;jk p;=¾:lh 34 17 49 32 17 48

mqñ;sß nj wkqj ,l=Kq jHdma;sh úYd, fjkialï fmkakqï fkdlrhs' YsIHdjka

Wmßu ,l=Kq 96 la ,ndf.k ;snqKq w;r YsIHhkaf.a Wmßu ,l=Kq .Kk 94 ls' j.=j 4'18&

,l

=Kq - 1 m

;%h

,l=Kq - 11 m;%h

32

j.=j 4'19 udOHh wkqj ,l=Kq jHdma;sh

isxy, udOHh fou< udOH

I m;%h II m;%h uq`M ,l=Kq I m;%h II m;%h uq`M ,l=Kq

uOHkHh 26'04 11'20 37'24 24'68 8'99 33'67

iïu; wm.ukh 10'20 9'580 18'708 9'43 9'122 17'804

Wmßu w.h 58 40 96 60 39 84

wju w.h 2 0 2 4 0 5

mrdih 56 40 94 56 39 79

isxy, udOH YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj, uOHkHh fou< udOH YsIHhkaf.a uOHkHhg

jvd by< w.hla f.k we;' tfy;a fou< udOH YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj, iïu; wm.ukh

wvq h' I m;%h i|yd Wmßu ,l=Kq fou< udOH YsIHhka ,nd f.k we;s w;r II m;%h i|yd

Wmßu ,l=Kq ,ndf.k we;af;a isxy, udOH YsIHhka fõ' isxy, udOH YsIHhka ,ndf.k

we;s Wmßu uq`M ,l=Kq .Kk 96 la jqj o fou< udOH YsIHhka ,nd f.k we;s Wmßu uq`M

,l=Kq .Kk 84 ls' isxy, udOHh YsIHhka f.a uq`M ,l=Kq .Kfka mrdih lemS fmfkkf,i by< w.hla nj fmfka' ^ j.= wxl 4'19&

j.=j 4'20( mdi,a j¾.h yd m<d;a md,k n, m%foaY wkqj ,l=Kq jHdma;sh

YsIH ixLHdj 179 179 179

uOHkHh 28.54 14.01 42.54

iïu; wm.ukh 10.376 10.096 19.226

wju w.h 8 0 8

Wmßu w.h 58 40 96

mrdih 50 40 88


uOHkHh 33.53 17.98 51.51

iïu; wm.ukh 11.038 10.705 20.685

wju w.h 14 1 15

Wmßu w.h 54 40 94

mrdih 40 39 79


uOHkHh 26.67 12.47 39.14

iïu; wm.ukh 9.776 9.424 18.107

wju w.h 6 0 6

Wmßu w.h 52 39 84

mrdih 46 39 78

.Ks;h yd .Ks;h m%Yak m;%j,g isiqka ,enQ ,l=Kqj, m%;sY;h

m<d;a md,kn, m%foaYh I m;%h II m;%h uq`M ,l=Kq

mdi,a

j¾.h

k.r i

Nd

uy k

.r i

Nd

m%df

oaYSh i

Nd

1AB

1AB

1AB

33


uOHkHh 27.95 13.51 41.46

iïu; wm.ukh 10.289 9.895 19.068

wju w.h 6 0 6

Wmßu w.h 58 40 96

mrdih 52 40 90


uOHkHh 28.53 12.35 40.87

iïu; wm.ukh 10.422 10.052 19.660

wju w.h 8 0 10

Wmßu w.h 52 36 88

mrdih 44 36 78


uOHkHh 20.00 2.25 22.25

iïu; wm.ukh 9.470 5.646 14.433

wju w.h 10 0 10

Wmßu w.h 50 25 75

mrdih 40 25 65


uOHkHh 23.81 8.93 32.74

iïu; wm.ukh 9.703 9.049 17.483

wju w.h 2 0 2

Wmßu w.h 52 35 80

mrdih 50 35 78


uOHkHh 24.60 9.33 33.93

iïu; wm.ukh 10.046 9.350 18.251

wju w.h 2 0 2

Wmßu w.h 52 36 88

mrdih 50 36 86


uOHkHh 27.49 9.82 37.31

iïu; wm.ukh 8.544 6.357 13.516

wju w.h 12 0 16

Wmßu w.h 48 29 77

mrdih 36 29 61


uOHkHh 19.50 3.45 22.95

iïu; wm.ukh 8.432 4.524 10.694

wju w.h 8 0 8

Wmßu w.h 42 16 43

mrdih 34 16 35

iuia;

hk

.r i

Nd

uy k

.r i

Nd

m%df

oaYSh i

Nd

iuia;

hk

.r i

Nd

uy k

.r i

Nd

1C

1C

1C

1C

2

2

1AB

34


uOHkHh 23.21 7.62 30.83

iïu; wm.ukh 9.334 7.829 16.071

wju w.h 4 0 5

Wmßu w.h 60 34 80

mrdih 56 34 75


uOHkHh 2347 7.63 31.09

iïu; wm.ukh 9.326 7.620 15.785

wju w.h 4 0 5

Wmßu w.h 60 34 80

mrdih 56 34 75

` YsIH ixLHdj 313 313 313

uOHkHh 28.40 12.98 41.38

iïu; wm.ukh 10.157 9.772 18.775

wju w.h 8 0 8

Wmßu w.h 58 40 96

mrdih 50 40 88


uOHkHh 27.96 11.87 39.83

iïu; wm.ukh 12.226 11.568 22.784

wju w.h 8 0 8

Wmßu w.h 54 40 94

mrdih 46 40 86


uOHkHh 24.60 9.74 34.34

iïu; wm.ukh 9.726 9.056 17.631

wju w.h 2 0 2

Wmßu w.h 60 39 84

mrdih 58 39 82

YsIH ixLHdj 1409 1409 1409

uOHkHh 25.68 10.61 36.29

iïu; wm.ukh 10.150 9.507 18.533

wju w.h 2 0 2

Wmßu w.h 60 40 96

mrdih 94 58 40

mdi,a j¾.h yd m<d;a md,k n, m%foaY wkqj ,l=Kqj, jHdma;sh 4'20 j.=fjka ±la

fõ' iuia; md,k n, m%foaY ie<l+ úg uq¿ ,l=Kqj, uOHkHh 36'29 ls' k.r iNd n,m%foaY ;=< msysá mdi,aj, ,l=Kqj, uOHkHh 41'38 la jQ by< w.hla f.k we;' m%dfoaYShiNd n, m%foaYh ;=< jQ mdi,aj, ,l=Kqj, uOHkHh 34'34la jQ my< w.hla f.k we;'uy k.riNd n, m%foaY ;=< jQ 1AB mdi,aj, ,l=Kqj, uOHkHh lemS fmfkk f,i51'51ka jQ by< u w.hla f.k we;' tfy;a uy k.riNd n, m%foaY ;=< jQ1C yd fol j¾.fha mdi,aj, ,l=Kqj, uOHkHh 22'25;a yd 22'95;a jQ my< w.hla fmkakqï

iuia;

hm%df

oaYSh i

Nd

m%df

oaYSh i

Nd

m%df

oaYSh i

Nd

uy k

.r i

Nd

k.r iNd

k.r i

Nd

uy k

.r iNd

iuia; md,

k

n, m

%foaY

iuia;

mdi

,a j

¾.

m%df

oaYSh i

Nd

k.r iNd

uy k

.r iNd

2

2

1AB

1C

2

35

lrhs' kd.ßl mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj, uOHkHh .ïn| mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj,

uOHkHhg jvd by< w.hla fmkakqï lrhs' kd.ßl mdi,aj, YsIHhka ,ndf.k we;s wju

,l=Kq .Kk 8la jk úg .ïno mdi,aj, tu ,l=Kq .Kk 2ls' by< u ,l=Kq .Kk jQ 96

,ndf.k we;af;a k.riNd n, m%foaY ;=< jQ mdi,aj, YsIHhka úisks' m<d;a md,k n, m%foaY

wkqj iy kd.ßl" .ïno nj wkqj YsIHhka ,ndf.k we;s ,l=Kqj, meyeÈ,s fjkialula

ms<sìUq lrhs'

4'3 jkqj, ÿIalr;dj

YsIH idOk uÜgï wkdjrKh lr .ekSu i|yd ,nd ÿka m%Yak m;%fha jkqj,

ÿIalr;d o¾Ylh .Kkh lsÍfuka ,;a rEmh 4'5 iy rEmh 4'6ka bÈßm;a lr we;' I m%Yak

m;%fha jkqj, ÿIalr;dj 0'1la 0'7;a w;r mj;S' II m%Yak m;%fha jkqj, ÿIalr;dj 0'03 -

0'05 w;r mj;sS' th 1 m%Yak m;%fha jkqj, ÿIalr;djg jvd jeä nj bka meyeÈ,s fõ' I

m;%fha m%Yak 29l ÿIalr;d o¾Ylh 0'2 blaujd we;' tfy;a II m;%fha ;;a;ajh Bg jvd

fjkia h' m%Yak fldgia 23 ka 12la u ÿIalr;d o¾Ylh 0'2 g jvd wvq h' lsis u f;audjl

,l=Kq 39] blaujd fkdue;' f;audj, ,l=Kq 33-39 w;r jHdma; j we;' iEu f;audjl u

jeä isiqka ixLHdjla jHdma; ù we;af;a 1-24 yd 25-49 m%dka;rj, h' iEu f;audjl u

75-100 m%dka;rhg wh;a YsIH m%;sY;h 10]g wvqfõ' cHdñ;sfha § th 5]g;a wvq h' ixLHd"

ñkqï" cHdñ;sh hk f;audj, jeä YsIH m%;sY;hlaa 0-24 m%dka;rfha isák w;r" ùc .Ks;h"

l=,l yd iïNdú;dj" ixLHdkh hk f;audj, jeä YsIH m%;sY;hla isákqfha 25-49 m%dka;rh

;=< h' ^ rEmh 4'5" 4'6 &

fuhska wkdjrKh jkqfha YsIHhkag ixLHd" ñkqï iy iïNdú;dj hk f;aud ÿIalr

jk w;r jvd;a ÿIalr jkafka cHdñ;sh hk f;audj njhs'

ùc .Ks;h" l=,l yd iïNdú;dj iy ixLHdkh hk f;aud ms<sn| YsIH idOk

uÜgu idudkH uÜgul mj;sk nj o fuhska wkdjrKh fõ' ^rEmh 4'7" 4'8&

rEmh 4'5( myiq;d o¾Yl - .Ks;h I m%Yak m;%h

myiq;d o¾Ylh - .Ks;h I m%Yak m;%h

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

m%Yak wxlh

myiq;d o¾

Yl

h

36

rEmh 4'6 - myiq;d o¾Yl - .Ks;h II m;%h

rEmh 4'7 f;aud wkqj ,l=Kq jHdma;sh

f;aud wkqj ,l=Kq

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

ixLHd ùc .Ks;h ñkqï cHdñ;sh l=,l yd

iïNdú;dj

ixLHdkh

f;audj

,l

=Kq m

%;sY;h

myiq;d o¾Yl - .Ks;h II m;%hmyiq;d o¾

Yl

h

m%Yak wxlh

37

rEmh 4'8 f;aud wkqj ,l=Kq mrdi yd YsIH m%;sY;h

iuia;hla f,i .Ks;h II m%Yak m;%h YsIHhkag ÿIalr ù we;' fjka rEmhl o;a;ksrEmKh YsIHhkag b;d myiq ù we;s w;r" mßudK rEm wdY%s; j mßudKh ,shd ±laùuYsIHhkag b;d ÿIalr ù we;' fuu m%Yak fol u ikaksfõok l=i,;dj uekSu i|yd ilial< m%Yak folls' .Ks;h I m%Yak m;%fh ùc .Ks;h f;audj hgf;a m%ia;dßl ksrEmKhYsIHhkag b;d myiq ù we;s w;r fya;= ±laùfï l=i,;dj hgf;a ixLHdkh f;audjg wh;am%Yakh YsIHhkag b;d ÿIalr ù we;' m%Yak m;% foflys lsis u m%Yakhl myiq;dj 0'7blaujd ke;' rEmh 4'5" 4'6&

ùc .Ks;h f;audj YsIHhkag myiq u f;audj ù we;s w;r cHdñ;sh f;audj ÿIalruf;audj ù we;' ixLHd f;audj yd l=,l yd iïNdú;dj f;aud tl u uÜgul mj;S' f;audw;r YsIH olaI;d úúO nj meyeÈ,s fõ' ^rEmh 4'7" 4'8 &

jeä u ,l=Kq ,nd.;a YsIHhka ixLHd yd ixLHdkh f;audj, isák w;r wvqu ,l=Kq,nd.;a jeä u YsIH ixLHdjla isákqfha cHdñ;sh f;audj ;=< fõ' ^rEmh 4'7" 4'8 &

f;aud wkqj tla tla ,l=Kq mrdifha YsIH m%;sY;h

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

ixLHd ùc .Ks;h ñkqï cHdñ;sh l=,l yd

iïNdú;dj

ixLHdkh

f;audj

YsIH m

%;sY;h

100-75

74-50

49-25

24-1

4'4 YsIH m%Yakdj,sh

YsIH m%Yakdj,shg m%ldY 32la we;=<;a j we;' weuqKqu 01 & tys tla tla m%ldY i|yd

,hslÜ mßudKh wkqj ieliQ YsIH p¾hd 5la ^ ±ä fia tl`. fjñ" tl`. fjñ" uOHia:

fjñ" tl`. fkdfjñ" ±ä fia tl`. fkdfjñ & m%;spdr jYfhka we;=<;a lrk ,§' tu

m%;spdr" Okd;aul m%;spdr" ±ä fia tl`. fjñ" tl`. fjñ & uOHia: m%;spdr iy RKd;aulm%;spdr ^tl`. fkdfjñ" ±ä fia tl`. fkdfjñ & jYfhka i,ld m%;sY; jYfhka j.=j

4'21ys bÈßm;a lr we;'

38

isiqka .Kk fuka u my<u ,l=Kq ,nd .;a isiqka .Kk o wvq nj olakg ,efí'

j.=j 4'21 YsIH m%Yakdj,shg YsIHhka oelajQ m%;spdrj, m%;sY;

1' uu .Ks;h b;d m%sh lrñ' 82'54 16'04 1'21

2' .Ks;h bf.kSug uu ìh fkdfjñ' 4'63 16'32 8'70

3' wkd.;fha uu bxðfkarejrfhl= ùug 47'18 26'09 26'23 wfmalaId lrñ'

4' .Ks; .eg¨ úi£ug ug by< yelshdjla we;s 63'65 29'29 6'77nj uu úYajdi lrñ'

5' ffoksl lghq;=j, § .Ks;h fhdod .ekSug 68'00 23'88 7'27 uu fndfyda úg W;aidy lrñ'

6' uu .Ks;h bf.kSfuka i;=gla ,nñ' 80'40 15'18 3'64

7' .Ks; .eg¨ f;areï .ekSu ug wmyiq fõ' 31'50 32'93 35'15

8' .Ks;h wudre úIhla f,i uu 69'42 18'89 9'48 lsisúfgl fkdis;ñ'

9' .Ks;h bf.kSu uq`M ðú;ld,hg u 93'30 3'78 1'92 m%fhdackj;a jk nj uu úYajdi lrñ'

10' .Ks; .=re;=ud$.=re;=ñh W.kajk foa 80'76 15'47 3'42 b;d fyd¢ka ug f;af¾'

11' uf.a .Ks; .=re;=ud$.=re;=ñh ug 76'27 18'89 4'35 .Ks;h yels njg úYajdi lrhs'

12' .Ks;hg by< idu¾:H ,nd .; 80'47 16'11 3'06 yels nj" ug úYajdihs'

13' .Ks;h ish¨ fokdg u b;d 94'8 3'85 1'71 m%fhdackj;a úIhla nj uu úYajdi lrñ'

14' .Ks; .eg¨ lshjk úg ug ìhla oefka' 41'20 26'87 31'58

15' uu wkd.;fha lsis Èfkl .Ks;h yd 59'37 24'95 14'68 iïnkaO jD;a;shla f;dard fkd.ksñ'

16' mka;sfha fokq ,nk ´kEu .Ks; m%Yak m;%hlska 61'23 29'72 8'55by< ,l=Kq ,nd .; yels njg uu úYajdi lrñ'

17' .Ks; .=re;=ud$.=re;=ñh ish¨ foa 91'66 5'56 2'49 lshd fokjdg uu b;d leu;shs'

18' .Ks; .=re;=ud$.=re;=ñh" .Ks;h yd 88'74 8'98 2'07iïnkaO l%shdldrlï isÿ lsÍu m%sh lrñ'

19' .Ks; úIfha we;eï ud;Dld ug myiq w;r 53'53 20'74 25'09we;eï ud;Dld ug ÿIalr fõ'

20' lKavdhï jev weiqfrka .Ks;h 82'04 13'54 3'99 bf.kSu" uu b;d m%sh lrñ'

uOHia:fjñ

Okd;aulm%;spdr

RKd;aulm%;spdr

m%ldYh

39

j.=j 4'21 wkqj m%Yak 24 la i|yd YsIH m%;spdr 50] blau jQ Ok w.hla olajhs' taw;r Okd;aul m%ldY 19 i|yd b;d by< Ok m%;spdr 60] blau jQ & YsIHhka olajd we;'wkd.; wfmalaIK wd;au úYajdih" .=re N+ñldj" idudkH ±lau hk lafIa;% y;r i|ydby< Ok m%;spdr ,eî we;' YsIHhka ;=< .Ks;h ms<sn| idudkH ±lau b;d m%n, nj 9yd 13 m%Yakj, m%;spdr wkqj meyeÈ,s fõ' j.=j 4'21& YsIHhka idlÉPd lrñka b.ekaùufuka u foaYk l%uh o m%sh lrk nj 28 yd 17 m%Yakj, m%;spdr u`.ska meyeos,s fõ' .Ks;.eg¨ f;areï .eksu ms<sn| j b;d by< Okd;aul m%;spdr fkdue;s h' .Ks;h ms<sn| jhï NS;shla ±fkk nj 14" 22" 27 m%Yakj, m%;spdr u`.ska .uH fõ' .Ks; wxYfhka Wiiafm< yeoEÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjk m%;sY;h 16'68]ls' ^23 m%Yakh& ;u wkd.;wfmalaIK ms<sn| j b;d u by< Ok m%;spdr ,eî fkdue;' 3" 15" 23 m%Yak& .=re N+ñldjms<sn| m%;spdr o Okd;aul fõ' wNsfhda.d;aul .Ks; .eg¨ úi£u flfrys Okd;aulm%;spdr ^21 m%Yakh& olajd we;s m%;sY;h 63'01] ls' ta ms<sn| j iuia; ksheÈfhka 1$3gwdikak msßila uOHia: yd RKd;aul wdl,am ork nj fmfka'

by; wkdjrKh jQ lreKq rEmh 4'9ka iúia;rd;aul j o rEmh 4'10ka Okd;aul

m%;spdr" uOHia: m%;spdr iy RKd;aul m%;spdr hg;g f.dkq lrk ,o j.=j 4'21 wdY%s;

m%ia;drh jYfhka o ;j ÿrg;a bÈßm;a lr we;'

21' wNsfhda.d;aul .Ks; .eg¨ úi£u 63'01 27'58 8'70 uu m%sh lrñ'

22' .Ks;h bf.k .kakd ld,Éfþoj, § 57'73 20'24 19'89 ug uy;a mSvkhla f.k foa'

23' Wiia fm< .Ks; wxYfhka 56'09 26'73 16'68 yeoEÍug uu n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjñ'

24' l%Svd weiqfrka .Ks;h bf.kSu" uu 71'92 18'32 8'77 b;d m%sh lrñ'

25' .Ks;h W.kajk .=re;=ud$.=re;=ñh 88'74 8'77 2'35 uu b;d m%sh lrñ'

26' .Ks;h yd iïnkaO úIhhka w;=ßka 73'41 19'74 6'63 tla úIhla fyda wkd.;fha Wiia fm< i|yd uu f;dard .ksñ'

27' . K s; h m%Yak m;%h ÿgq úg u ug uy;a ìhla we;s fõ' 37'56 28'37 33'86

28' .=re;=ud$.=re;=ñh wm iu`. idlÉPd 92'50 5'20 2'21 lrñka b.ekaùu uu b;d m%sh lrñ'

40

rEmh 4'9( YsIH m%Yakdj,shg m%;spdr ±lajQ YsIH ixLHd

41

rEmh 4'10 YsIH m%Yakdj,sfha tla tla m%Yakh i|yd m%;spdr ±lajQ YsIH m%;sY;h

42

4'5 YsIH ixcdkk

YsIH m%Yakdj,sfha we;=<;a m%ldY 32 lafIa;% 06lg f.dkq lrk ,§' .Ks;h ms<sn|idudkH ±lau" NS;sh" wkd.; wfmalaIK" wd;au úYajdih" .=re N+ñldj" .Ks; f;aud tulafIa;% yh fõ' tu lafIa;% 6g m%Yak we;=<;a ù we;s wdldrh j.=j 4'22ka ±la fõ'

j.= wxl 4'22 f;dard.;a lafIa;% wkqj m%Yak ixLHd

lafIa;%h m%Yak ixLHdj m%Yak wxl

1' idudkH oelau 6 1" 6" 7" 9" 13" 21

2' NS;sh 4 2" 14" 22" 27

3' wkd.; wfmalaIK 4 3" 15" 23" 26

4' wd;au úYajdih 5 4" 5" 8" 9" 12" 16

5' .=re N+ñldj 8 10" 11" 17" 18" 24" 25" 28

6' .Ks; f;aud 5 19" 29" 30" 31" 32

by; uq,a lafIa;% y;r i|yd iuia; YsIH m%;spdrj, uOHia:h j.= wxl 4'23olajd we;'

j.=j 4'23 - YsIH m%;spdrj, uOHia:h

idudkH NS;sh wkd.; wd;au oelau wfmalaIK úYajdih

uOHia:h 4'20 3'50 3'80 4'20

idudkH ±lau" NS;sh" wkd.; wfmalaIK yd wd;au úYajdih ms<sn| j YsIHhfhdaOkd;aul wdl,am or;s' tfy;a .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh iïnkaO wdl,am b;d by< Okw.hla fkd.kS' YsIHhka .Ks;hg hï ìhla ±lajqj o .Ks;h ms<sn| Okd;aul wdl,am oork nj meyeÈ,s fõ'

YsIH m%Yakdj,sfha lafIa;% 6ka uq,a lafIa;% 4 i|yd ,enQ m%;spdrj, uOHia:h" mdi,aj¾.h" mqñ;sß nj" m<d;a md,k n, m%foaY" kd.ßl yd .%dñh mdi,a iy bf.kqu ,nkudOH wkqj úYaf,aIKh lsÍfuka ,o úYaf,aIK f;dr;=re j.=j 4'16" 4'17" 4'18" 4'19 iy4'20ka bÈßm;a lr we;'

43

j.=j 4'24 - mdi,a j¾.h wkqj YsIH m%;spdrj, uOHia:h

idudkH NS;sh wkd.; wd;auoelau wfmalaIK úYajdih

1AB 4'17 3'50 3'75 4'0

1C 4'17 3'25 3'75 4'17

2 j¾.h 4'17 3'50 3'75 4'0

tl;=j 4'17 3'50 3'75 4'17

j.=j 4'25 - mqñ;srs nj wkqj YsIH m%;spdrj, uOHia:h

mqñ;sßnj idudkH NS;sh wkd.; wd;auoelau wfmalaIK úYajdih

ia;%S 4'17 3'50 3'75 4'17

mqreI 4'17 3'50 3'75 4'17

tl;=j 4'17 3'50 3'75 4'17

mdi,a j¾.h fyda .eyekq msßñ nj wkqj idudkH ±lau ms<sn| YsIH m%;spdrj,

fjkila fkdue;' 1C j¾.fha mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.a .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;shg Okd;aul

wdl,am ±Íu u|la my< uÜgul mj;S' wfkla lafIa;% iïnkaOfhka iudk ;;a;ajhla

fmkakqï lrhs' ^ j.=j 4'24" 4'25 &

j.=j 4'26 - m<d;a md,k n, m%foaY wkqj YsIH m%;spdrj, uOHia:h

m<d;a md,k idudkH NS;sh wkd.; wd;aun, m%foaY oelau wfmalaIK úYajdih

k.r iNd 4'17 3'50 3'75 4'17

uyk.r iNd 4'17 3'25 3'75 4'00

m%dfoaYSh iNd 4'17 3'50 3'75 4'17tl;=fõ

uOHia:h 4'17 3'50 3'75 4'17

44

j.=j 4'27 - kd.ßl mdi,a yd ÿIalr mdi,a wkqj YsIH m%;spdrj,uOHia:h

kd.ßl$ÿIalr idudkH NS;sh wkd.; wd;auoelau wfmalaIK úYajdih

kd.ßl 4'17 3'50 3'75 4'17

ÿIalr 4'17 3'50 3'75 4'17

tl;=j 4'17 3'50 3'75 4'17

j.=j 4'28 - udOH wkqj YsIH m%;spdrj, uOHia:h

mdi,a j¾.h idudkH NS;sh wkd.; wd;au oelau wfmalaIK úYajdih

isxy, 4'17 3'50 3'75 4'00

fou< 4'17 3'00 4'00 4'33

tl;=j 4'17 3'50 3'75 4'17

m<d;a md,k n, m%foaY kd.ßl" ÿIalr wkqj lafIa;% iïnkaO YsIH m%;spdrj,

iudk;ajhla ^j.=j 4'26" 4'27 & fmkakqï lr we;' tfy;a udOH wkqj úYaf,aIs; f;dr;=re

w¾:l:kh lsÍfï § fou< udOH YsIHhkaf.a .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh uOHia: jk w;r

.Ks;h ms<sn| Tjqkaf.a wd;au úYajdih by< uÜgul mj;S'

iuia; YsIH m%;spdr mdi,a j¾.h" m<d;a md,k n, m%foaY" mqñ;sßnj" mdi,a

mßirh kd.ßl$.%dóh& iy udOHh hk úp,H wkqj idudkH ±lau" NS;sh" wkd.; wfmalaIK

iy wd;au úYajdih hk lafIa;% 4 Tiafia úYaf,aIKh l< w;r tla tla lafIa;%h Tiafia

fjk fjk u by; ±la jQ úp,H 5g wkqj YsIH m%;spdr uÜgïj, úYaf,aIs; f;dr;=re u;=

±la fõ'

45

j.= wxl 4'29 - m<d;a md,k n, m%foaY wkqj idudkH ±lau ms<sn| YsIHm%;spdr uÜgï

rEmh 4'11 - m<d;a md,k n, m%foaYh wkqj .Ks;h ms<sn| idudkH±lau

m<d; a

m d,k n ,

m %f o aYh

i du dkH oel au

tl; =j

m %; sp dr

ol aj d k e;

oeä fi a

tl `. fjñ

tl `.

fjñ

uO Hi a:

fjñ

tl `.

fk dfjñ

o eä fi a

tl `.

fk dfjñ

k .r iN d 0 0 1 34 1 86 92 31 3

u y k .r

iN d 0 0 2 13 5 0 26 9 1

m %df o aY Sh

iN d 1 1 5 92 6 10 2 90 99 9

tl; =j 1 1 8 13 9 8 46 4 08 14 03

m<d;a md,k n, m%foaYh wkqj idudkH

oelau

050

100150200250300350400450500550600650

uy k.r

iNd

k.r iNd m%dfoaYSh

iNdm<d;a n, m%foaYh

YsIH i

xLHdj

m %;spdr olajd ke;

;rfha tlÕ fjñ

tlÕ fjñ

uOHia:hs

tlÕ fkd fjñ

;rfha tlÕ fkd fjñ

m<d;a md,k n, m%foaYh

±ä fia

±ä fia

uy k.r

iNdk.r iNd

46

j.=j 4'30 mdi,a j¾.h wkqj idudkH ±lau ms<sn| YsIH m%;spdr

rEmh 4'12 mdi,a j¾.h wkqj idudkH ±lau ms<sn| YsIH m%;spdr

j.=j 4'30g wkqj 1AB mdi,a yd 1C j¾.fha mdi,aj, .Ks;h ms<sn| YsIHhkaf.aidudkH ±lau 2 j¾.fha mdi,aj, YsIHhkag jvd jeä Okd;aul núka hqla; h' ta nj remh4'12ka ;j ÿrg;a ;yjqre fõ'

j.=j 4'20 mqñ;sß nj wkqj idudkH ±lau ms<sn| YsIH m%;spdr

mqñ;sß nj wkqj YsIH m%;spdr úYaf,aIKh l< úg .eyekq <uhska yd msßñ <uhskaf.a .Ks;hms<sn| lemS fmfkk fjkila fkdue;s nj j.=j 4'31 iy rEmh 4'12ka meyeÈ,s fõ'

mdi,

j¾.h

iudkH oelau

tl;=j

m%;spdr

olajd ke;

oeä fia

tl`.

fkdfjñ

tl`.

fkdfjñ

uOHia:

fjñ

tl`.

fjñ

oeäfia

tl`.

fjñ

1AB 0 1 2 55 341 180 579

1C 0 0 3 53 294 124 474

2 j¾.h 1 0 3 31 211 104 350

tl;=j 1 1 8 139 846 408 1403

ia;% S$ mqreI

Ndjh

idudkH oelau

tl;=j

m%;spdr

olajd ke;

oeä fia

tl`.

fkdfjñ

tl`.

fkdfjñ

uOHia:

fjñ

tl`.

fjñ

oeä fia

tl`.

fjñ

mqreI 1 0 6 54 405 190 656

ia;% S 0 1 1 68 378 181 629

tl;=j 1 1 7 122 783 371 1285

mdi,a j¾.h wkqj idudkH oelau

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1 AB 1 C 2

mdi,a j¾.h

YsIH i

xLHdj

m %;spdr olajd ke;

;rfha tlÕ fjñ

tlÕ fjñ

uOHia:hs

tlÕ fkd fjñ

;rfha tlÕ fkd fjñ±ä fia

±ä fia

47

rEmh 4'13 mqñ;sß nj wkqj idudkH ±lau m<sn| YsIH m%;spdr

j.=j 4'32( m<d;a md,k n, m%foaY uÜgfuka .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;shiïnkaO m%;spdr

rEmh 4'14 ( m<d;a md,k n, m%foaYh wkqj .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh

m<d;a

md,k

n,

m%foaYh

.Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh

tl;=j

m%;spdr

olajd ke;

oeä fia

tl`.

fjñ

tl`.

fjñ

uOHia:

fjñ

tl`.

fkdfjñ

oeä fia

tl`.

fkdfjñ

k.r

iNd 0 0 26 126 123 38 313

uy k.r

iNd 0 1 3 41 35 11 91

m%dfoaYSh

iNd 1 6 71 406 376 139 999

tl;=j 1 7 100 573 534 188 1403

ia;%S mqreI Ndjh wkqj idudkH oelau

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

.eyekq msßñ

ia;%S mqreI Ndjh

YsIH i

xLHdj

m %;spdr olajd ke;

;rfha tlÕ fjñ

tlÕ fjñ

uOHia:hs

tlÕ fkd fjñ

;rfha tlÕ fkd fjñ

±ä fia

±ä fia

mqñ;sß nj wkqj idudkH ±lau

m<d;a md,k n, m%foaYh wkqj .Ks;h

i|yd NS;sh

050

100

150

200250300

350

400

450

uy k.r

iNd

k.r iNd m%dfoaYSh

iNd

m<d;a n, m%foaYh

YsIH i

xLHdj m%;sp dr ol ajd ke;

;rfha t lÕ fj ñ

tlÕ f jñ

uOHia: hs

tlÕ f kd fjñ

;rfha t lÕ fk d fjñ±ä fia

m%;spdr

±ä fia

48

m<d;a md,k n, m%foaY wkqj YsIHhka .Ks;h ms<sn| olajk NS;sh ms<sn| ±la jQ m%;spdrúYaf,aIKh lsÍfï § YsIHhka .Ks;h úIhh iïnkaO NS;shla fkdolajk m%udKh 50] blaujdwe;s nj j.=j 4'32 iy rEmh 4'14ka o meyeÈ,s fõ' tfy;a .Ks;h ms<sn| olajk NS;sh ms<sn|uOHia: njla Wiq,k YsIH ixLHdj o k.r iNd iy m%dfoaYSh iNdj, jeä h'

j.=j 4'33 udOHh wkqj .Ks;h ms<sn| Ns;sh iïnkaO m%;spdr

bf.k .kakd udOHh wkqj YsIHhka .Ks;hg olajk NS;sh ms<sn| YsIH m%;spdr úYaf,aIKhl< úg isxy, udOH YsIHhka fou< udOH YsIHhkag jvd Okd;aul m%;spdr olajd we;' ^j.=j4'33 iy rEmh 4'15 &

rEmh 4'15 udOHh wkqj .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh

j.=j 4'34 mdi,a j¾.h wkqj .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh iïnkaO m%;spdruÜgï

mdi,

j¾.h

.Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh

tl;=j

m%; spdr

ol ajd

ke;

oeä fia

tl `.

fkdfjñ

tl`.

fkdfjñ

uOHia:

fjñ

tl`.

fjñ

oeä fia

tl`. fjñ

1AB 0 4 36 219 223 97 579

1C 1 1 32 210 190 40 474

2 j¾.h 0 2 32 144 121 51 350

tl;=j 1 7 100 573 534 188 1403

udOHh

.Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh

tl;=j

m%;spdr

olajd ke;

oeä fia

tl`.

fkdfjñ

tl`.

fkdfjñ

uOHia:

fjñ

tl`.

fjñ

oeä fia

tl`.

fjñ

isxy, 0 4 70 394 406 161 1035

fou< 1 3 30 179 128 27 368

tl;=j 1 7 100 573 534 188 1403

udOHh wkqj .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

isxy, fou<

udOHh

YsIH i

xLHd

j

m%; spdr olajd ke;

;rfha tlÕ fj ñ

tlÕ fj ñ

uOHia:h s

tlÕ fkd f jñ

;rfha tlÕ fkd f jñ±ä fia

±ä fia

49

rEmh 4'16 mdi,a j¾.h wkqj .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh

mdi,a j¾.h yd ie,l+ úg .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;shla fkdoelaùu iïnkaO Ok m%;spdr 1AB

yd 1C mdi,aj, bf.kqu ,nk YsIHhka iudk uÜgulska isák w;r 2 j¾.fha mdi,aj,YsIHhka m%o¾Ykh lrk NS;sh 1AB yd 1C mdi,aj,g jvd lemS fmfkk fjkila fkd±lafjknj j.=j 4'34 iy rEmh 4'16ka meyeÈ,s fõ'

j.=j 4'35( mqñ;sß nj wkqj .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh iïnkaO m%;spdr

rEmh 4'17 mqñ;sß nj wkqj .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh

mqñ;sß nj wkqj YsIH m%;spdr úYaf,aIKfhka NS;sh ms<sn| lemS fmfkk fjkilafkdue;s nj j.=j 4'35 iy rEmh 4'17ka meyeÈ,s fõ'

i a; %S$

m qreI

Ndjh

.K s;h m s< sn | N S; sh

tl; =j

m %; spdr

ol aj d

k e;

o eä fi a

tl `.

fkdfjñ

tl `.

fk dfjñ

uOHi a:

fjñ

tl `.

fjñ

oeä fi a

tl`.

fjñ

m qreI 0 2 53 265 262 74 6 56

i a; %S 1 4 41 257 232 94 6 29

tl;=j 1 6 94 522 494 1 68 1285

ia;%S mqreI Ndjh wk qj .Ks;h ms<sn| N S;sh

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

.eyekq msßñ

ia;%S mqreI Ndjh

YsIH i

xLHdj

m%; sp dr olajd ke;

;rfha tlÕ f jñ

tlÕ f jñ

uOHia: hs

tlÕ f kd fjñ

;rfha tlÕ f kd fjñ

±ä fia

±ä fia

mdi,a j¾.h wkqj .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh

0

50

100

150

200

250

1 AB 1 C 2

mdi,a j¾.h

YsIH i

xLHdj

m%;spdr olajd ke;

;rfha tlÕ fjñ

tlÕ fjñ

uOHia:hs

tlÕ fkd fjñ

;rfha tlÕ fkd fjñ

±ä fia

±ä fia

50

j.=j 4'36( m<d;a md,k m%foaY wkqj wkd.; wfmalaIK ms<sn| YsIHm%;spdr uÜgï

rEmh 4'18( m<d;a md,k n, m%foaYh wkqj wkd.; wfmalaIK

m<d;a md,k n, m%foaY wkqj YsIH m%;spdr úYaf,aIKfhka m%dfoaYSh iNd n, m%foaYj,gwh;a mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.a wkd.; wfmalaIK" k.r iNd iy uy k.riNdj,g wh;a mdi,aj,YsIHhkaf.a wkd.; wfmalaIKj,g jvd Okd;aul m%;spdr olajd we;s nj j.=j 4'36 iy rEmh4'18kaa meyeos,s fõ'

j.=j 4'37( udOH wkqj wkd.; wfmalaIK ms<sn| YsIH m%;spdr uÜgï

udOHh

wkd.; wfmalaIK

tl;=j

m%;spdr

olajd ke;

oeä fia

tl`.

fkdfjñ

tl`.

fkdfjñ

uOHia:

fjñ

tl`.

fjñ

oeä fia

tl`. fjñ

isxy, 0 9 48 317 422 239 1035

fou< 1 1 20 94 170 82 368

tl;=j 1 10 68 411 592 321 1403

m<d;a md,k n, m%foaYh wkqj wkd.;

wfmalaIK

050

100150200250

300350400450500

uy k.r

iNd

k.r iNd m%dfoaYSh

iNd

m<d;a n, m%foaYh

YsIH i

xLHdj m%; spdr olajd ke;

;rfha tlÕ fjñ

tlÕ fjñ

uOHia:hs

tlÕ fkd fjñ

;rfha tlÕ fkd fjñ

k.r iNd uyk.r iNd

fkdfjñ

fkdfjñ

±ä fia

±ä fia

m<d;a

md,k

n,

m%foaYh

wkd.; wfmalaIK

tl;=j

m%;spdr

olajd

ke;

oeä fia

tl`.

fkdfjñ

tl`.

fkdfjñ

uOHia:

fjñ

tl`.

fjñ

oeä fia

tl`.

fjñ

k.r

iNd 0 2 14 93 126 78 313

uy k.r

iNd 0 0 3 36 31 21 91

m%dfoaYSh

iNd 1 8 51 282 435 222 999

tl;=j 1 10 68 411 592 321 1403

51

rEmh 4'19( udOHh wkqj YsIH wkd.; wfmalaIK

bf.k .kakd udOH wkqj YsIHhkaf.a wkd.; wfmalaIK ms<sn| YsIH m%;spdrúYaf,aIKh lsÍfuka isxy, iy fou< udOH fofla u YsIHhkaf.a wkd.; wfmalaIK by<uÜgul mj;sk nj j.=j 4'37 iy rEmh 4'19 wOHhkh lsÍfuka meyeÈ,s fõ'

j.=j 4'38( mdi,a j¾.h wkqj wkd.; wfmalaIK ms<sn| YsIH m%;spdr uÜgï

rEmh 4'20( mdi,a j¾.h wkqj YsIH wkd.; wfmalaIK

mdi,

j¾.h

wkd.; wfmalaIK

tl;=j

m%;spdr

olajd ke;

oeä fia

tl`.

fkdfjñ

tl`.

fkdfjñ

uOHia:

fjñ

tl`.

fjñ

oeä fia

tl`. fjñ

1AB 0 4 33 169 228 145 579

1C 1 2 17 135 217 102 474

2 j¾.h 0 4 18 107 147 74 350

tl;=j 1 10 68 411 592 321 1403

mdi,a j¾.h wkqj wkd.; wfmalaIK

0

50

100

150

200

250

1 AB 1 C 2

mdi, a j¾.h

YsIH i

xLHdj

m%; spdr olajd ke;

;rfha tlÕ fjñ

tlÕ fjñ

uOHia:hs

tlÕ fkd fjñ

;rfha tlÕ fkd fjñ

fkdfjñ

fkdfjñ

fjñ

fjñ

±ä fia

±ä fia

udOHh wkqj wkd.; wfmalaIK

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

isxy, fou<

udOHh

YsIH i

xLHdj

m %; spdr olajd ke;

;rfha tlÕ fjñ

tlÕ fjñ

uOHia:hs

tlÕ fkd fjñ

;rfha tlÕ fk d fjñ

fkdfjñ

fkdfjñ

52

mdi,a j¾.h wkqj YsIHhkaf.a wkd.; wfmalaIK úYaf,aIKh l< úg mdi,a j¾. 3ys uYsIHhka 60]lg jvd by< uÜgulska Okd;aul m%;spdr olajd we;s nj j.j 4'38 iy rEmh 4'20kameyeÈ,s fõ'

j.=j 4'39( mqñ;sß nj wkqj wkd.; wfmalaIK ms<sn| YsIH m%;spdruÜgï

msßñ YsIHhka .eyekq YsIHhka wNsNjd wkd.; wfmalaIK ms<sn| j ±ä fia tl`. fjñm%;spdr olajd we;'

rEmh 4'21 ia;%S mqreI Ndjh wkqj YsIH wkd.; wfmalaIK

ia;%S mqreI Ndjh wkqj wkd.; wfmalaIK

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

.eyekq msßñ

ia;%S mqreI Ndjh

YsIH i

xLHdj

m%;spdr olajd ke;

;rfha tlÕ fjñ

tlÕ fjñ

uOHia:hs

tlÕ fkd fjñ

;rfha tlÕ fkd fjñ

fkdfjñ

fkdfjñ

fjñ

fkdfjñ

.eyekq msßñ

±ä fia

±ä fia

ia;%S$ mqreI

Ndjh

wkd.; wfmalaIK

tl;=j

m%;spdr

olajd ke;

oeä fia tl`.

fkdfjñ

tl`.

fkdfjñ

uOHia:

fjñ

tl`.

fjñ

oeä fia

tl`. fjñ

mqreI 0 5 20 195 262 173 656

ia;%S 1 5 41 257 275 130 629

tl;=j 1 10 61 522 538 303 1285

53

j.=j 4'40( m<d;a md,k n, m%foaY wkqj wd;au úYajdih ms<sn|YsIH m%;spdr uÜgï

rEmh 4'22( m<d;a md,k n, m%foaYh wkqj wd;au úYajdih

m<d;a md,k n, m%foaYh wkqj YsIHhka ;u .Ks; úIhh flfrys ;nd we;s ;u wd;auúYajdih ms<sn| YsIH m%;spdr úYaf,aIKh lsÍfuka ,;a úYaf,aIs; f;dr;=re j.=j 4'40 iy rEmh4'22ka bÈßm;a lr we;' tu j.=j iy rEmh wOHhkfhka ;yjqre jkafka m%dfoaYSh iNdj,g wh;amdi,aj, YsIHhskaf.a .Ks; úIh iïnkaO wd;au úYajdih k.r iNd ih uy k.r iNdj,g wh;amdi,aj, YsIHkaf.a wd;au úYajdih wNsNjd hk nj hs' ish¨u m<d;a md,k n, m%foaYj, YsIHhkaf.a.Ks;h iïnkaO wd;au úYajdih Okd;aul nj 4'40 j.=j iy 4'22 rEmh wOHhkfhka ;j ÿrg;a;yjqre fjhs'

j.=j 4'41(* udOHh wkqj wd;au úYajdih ms<sn| m%;spdr uÜgï

udOHh

wd;au úYajdih

tl;=j

m%;spdr

olajd ke;

oeä fia

tl`.

fkdfjñ

tl`.

fkdfjñ

uOHia:

fjñ

tl`.

fjñ

oeä fia

tl`. fjñ

isxy, 0 1 13 161 561 299 1035

fou< 1 0 5 51 202 109 368

tl;=j 1 1 18 212 763 408 1403

m<d;a md,k n, m%foaYh wkqj wd;au

úYajdih

050

100150200250300350400450500550600

uy k.r

iNd

k.r iNd m%dfoaYSh

iNdm<d;a n, m%foaYh

YsIH i

xLHdj

m%;spdr olajd ke;

;rfha tlÕ fjñ

tlÕ fjñ

uOHia:hs

tlÕ fkd fjñ

;rfha tlÕ fkd fjñ

fkdfjñ

fkdfjñ

fjñ

k.riNd

uy k.riNd

fjñ

±ä fia

±ä fia

m<d;a

md,k n,

m%fo aYh

wd; au úYajdih

tl;=j

m%; spdr

ol ajd ke;

oeä fia

tl `.

fkdfjñ

tl`.

fkdfjñ

uOHia:

fjñ

tl `.

fjñ

oeä fia

tl `. fjñ

k.r iNd 0 0 2 45 177 89 313

uy k.r

iNd 0 0 3 12 45 31 91

m%dfoaY Sh

iNd 1 1 13 155 541 288 999

tl;=j 1 1 18 212 763 408 1403

54

mdi,

j¾.h

wd;au úYajdih

tl;=j

m%;spdr

olajd ke;

oeä fia tl`.

fkdfjñ

tl`.

fkdfjñ

uOHia:

fjñ

tl`.

fjñ

oeä fia

tl`. fjñ

1AB 0 1 6 82 303 187 579

1C 1 0 6 81 265 121 474

2 j¾.h 0 0 6 49 195 100 350

tl;=j 1 1 18 212 763 408 1403

rEmh 4'24 mdi,a j¾.h wkqj wd;au úYajdih

j.=j 4'42

mdi,a j¾.h wkqj wd;au úYajdih

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1 AB 1 C 2

mdi,a j¾.h

YsIH i

xLHdj

m%;spdr olajd ke;

;rfha tlÕ fjñ

tlÕ fjñ

uOHia:hs

tlÕ fkd fjñ

;rfha tlÕ fkd fjñ

fkdfjñ

fkdfjñ

fjñ

fjñ

±ä fia

±ä fia

udOHh wkqj wd;au úYajdih

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

isxy, fou<

udOHh

YsIH i

xLHdj

m%;spdr olajd ke;

;rfha tlÕ fjñ

tlÕ fjñ

uOHia:hs

tlÕ fkd fjñ

;rfha tlÕ fkd fjñ

fkdfjñ

fjñ

fjñ

fkdfjñ

±ä fia

±ä fia

rEmh 4'23( udOHh wkqj wd;au úYajdih

bf.k .kakd udOHh wkqj YsIH wd;au úYajdih ms<sn| YsIH m%;spdr úYaf,aIKfhka meyeÈ,sjkqfha isxy, yd fou< udOH YsIHhka 80]lg by< m%;sY;hla .Ks;h ms<sn| wd;au úYajdifhkahqla; njhs' ^j.=j 4'41 iy 4'23 rEmh&

j.=j 4'42( mdi,a j¾.h wkqj wd;au úYajdih ms<sn| YsIH m%;spdr

55

mdi,a j¾.h wkqj YsIHhkaf.a .Ks; úIhh iïnkaO j we;s wd;au úYajdihg wod< YsIH m%;spdrj,úYaf,aIK f;dr;=re j.=j 4'42 iy rEmh 4'24ka fmkakqï lr we;' 1AB, 1C yd 2 j¾.fha mdi,aj,YsIHhkaf.a wd;au úYajdih by< Okd;aul uÜgul mj;sk nj j.=j 4'42 iy 4'24 rEmfhkameyeÈ,s fjhs'

j.=j 4'43 - mqñ;sß nj wkqj wd;au úYajdih ms<sn| YsIH m%;spdr uÜgï

rEmh 4'25 ia;%S mqreI Ndjh wkqj wd;au úYajdih

wd;au úYajdih uOHia: uÜgfï isák .eyekq m%;sY;h msßñ YsIH m%;sY;hg jvd jeä h'

^j.=j 4'43 iy rEmh 4'25&

ia;%S mqreI Ndjh wkqj wd;au úYajdih

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

.eyekq msßñ

ia;%S mqreI Ndjh

YsIH i

xLHdj

m%;spdr olajd ke;

;rfha tlÕ fjñ

tlÕ fjñ

uOHia:hs

tlÕ fkd fjñ

;rfha tlÕ fkd fjñ

fjñ

fjñ

fkdfjñ

fkdfjñ

ia;%S$ mqreI

Ndjh

wd;au úYajdih

tl;=j

m%;spdr

olajd ke;

oeä fia tl`.

fkdfjñ

tl`.

fkdfjñ

uOHia:

fjñ

tl`.

fjñ

oeä fia

tl`. fjñ

mqreI 0 0 8 87 348 213 656

ia;%S 1 1 8 106 342 171 629

tl;=j 1 1 16 193 690 384 1285

56

4-5 - .Ks;h f;aud wkqj YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk

YsIH m%Yakdj,sfha zf;audZ lafIa;%h hg;g m%Yak wxl 19" 29" 30" 31 iy 32 we;=<;a úh'thska 29 iy 30 jk m%Yakj,g ,o m%;spdrj, úYaf,aIs; f;dr;=re j.= wxl 4'33 iy 4'34u.ska bÈßm;a lr we;'

29 - m%Yakhmy; ±lafjk úIh ud;Dld Tng tlfia myiqo@ keoao @''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ' ' ixLHd

rgd" ùÔh m%ldYk" m%;sY;" iudka;r f¾Ld wdY%s; fldaK" øj ñkqï" ùÔh m%ldYkj,

idOl" m: yd ks¾udK" iïNdú;dj" o;a; ksrEmKh" j¾.M,h l=,l Tfí ms<s;=r "ke;"

kï 30 m%Yakhg ms<s;=re imhkak'

j.=j 4'44( 29 m%Yakhg YsIH m%;spdrm%;spdrh ixLHdj m%;sY;h

Tõ 240 20'07

ke; 956 79'93

tl;=j 1196 100

f;aud yh hgf;a jQ úIh ud;Dld tl fia myiq ù we;af;a 20]lg muKs' 80]wdikak YsIH m%;sY;hla ud;Dld wkqj myiq;dj fjkia jk nj i|yka lr we;'

m%Yakh 30 ( my; ±lafjk ud;Dld Tng myiq o@

j.=j 4'45( - 30 m%Yakhg YsIH m%;spdr

ud;DldjTõ ke;

ixLHdj 90 ixLHdj 90

ixLHd rgd 1173 93.5 82 6.5

ùÔh m%ldYk 912 72.8 341 27.2

m%;sY;768 61.3 434 38.7

iudka;r f¾Ld wdY%s; fldaK 726 58.1 523 41.9

øj ñkqï 909 72.9 338 27.1

ùÔh m%ldYkj, idOl 647 52.0 598 48.0

m: yd ks¾udK 739 59.5 502 40.5

iïNdú;dj 583 46.8 664 53.2

o;a; ksrEmKh 741 79.8 499 40.2

j¾.M,h 1038 82.8 214 17.2

l=,l 1075 86.1 173 13.9

57

tl u f;audj ;=< jqj o úIh ud;Dldj wkqj YsIH ixcdkk fjkia ù we;' ixLHdf;audj ;=< ixLHd rgd myiq nj 93'5] m%ldY l< o tu f;audj ;=< u m%;sY; myiq hehsi|yka lr we;af;a 61'3]ls' jeä u m%;sY;hla wmyiq nj m%ldY lr we;s f;audj iïNdú;djfõ' úIh ud;Dldj wkqj YsIH ixcdkkfha fjkila we;s nj ie,lsh yels h'

j.=j 4'45 wkqj ms<s;=re § we;s YsIH ixLHd ksrEmKh flfrk nyq;Sr m%ia;drh rEmh 4'26ka±la fõ' tfiau j.= wxl 4'45 wkqj ms<s;=re § we;s YsIH ixLHdfõ m%;sY; ksrEmKh jk ;Srm%ia;drh rEmh 4'27ka olajd we;'

rEmh 4'26 ( f;aud wkqj YsIH m%;spdr ^YsIH ixLHdj&

rEmh 4'27 ( f;aud wkqj YsIH m%;spdr ^m%;sY;&

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

Que

stio

n N

o.

29

Nu

mb

ers-

Qu

es.3

Alg

ebra

-

Qu

es.6

Geo

met

ry-

Qu

es.7

Mes

ure

men

t-

Qu

es.1

0

Set

s

and

Pro

bab

ilit

Que

stio

n N

o.

31

Themes

Per

cen

tsge

of

Stu

den

t

Yes%

No%

f;audj

YsIH i

xLHdj

Student Responses vs. Themes

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400Q

ues

tio

n N

o.

29

Nu

mb

ers-

Qu

es.1

Nu

mb

ers-

Qu

es.3

Alg

ebra

-

Qu

es.2

Alg

ebra

-

Qu

es.6

Geo

met

ry-

Qu

es.4

Geo

met

ry-

Qu

es.7

Mes

ure

men

t-

Qu

es.5

Mes

ure

men

t-

Qu

es.1

0

Set

s

and

Pro

b

abil

ity

-Qu

es.8

Set

s

and

Pro

b

abil

ity

-Qu

es.1

1

Sta

tist

ics-

Qu

es.9

Qu

esti

on

No

.

31

Question Numbers

Nu

mb

er o

f S

tud

ent

Yes

No

YsIH i

xLHdj

m%Yak wxlh

ixL

Hd rg

d

m%;

sY;

ùÔh m

%ldY

k

ùÔh m

%ldY

kj,

idO

l

iudk

a;r f

¾Ld

wdY

%s; f

ldaK

m: y

d k

s¾udK

øj ñ

kqï

j¾.M,h

iïNdú

;dj

l=,l

o;a; k

srEm

Kh

58

YsIH m%Yakdj,sfha 31 m%Yakhg ,enqKq YsIH m%;spdr

31 m%Yakh

my; ±lafjk .Ks; úIfha f;aud Tng tlfia myiq o@ ke;ao@ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''ixLHd" cHdñ;sh" ñkqï" ùc .Ks;h" l=,l yd iïNdú;dj" ixLHdkh Tfí ms<s;=r

ke; kï 32 m%Yakhg ms<s;=re imhkak'&

j.=j 4'46 31 m%Yakhg YsIH m%;spdr

m%;spdrh ixLHdj m%;sY;h

Tõ 206 17'2

ke; 989 82'8

tl;=j 1195 100'0

.Ks;fha úIh f;aud ish,a, tl fia myiq nj m%ldY lr we;af;a 17'2] l l=vd

m%;sY;hls' 82'8]l f.a u;h wkqj meyeÈ,s jkafka w;s nyq;r YsIH m%;sY;hlg ish¨ u

f;aud tl fia myiq fkdjk njhs' ^ j.=j 4'46&

f;aud yh hgf;a jQ úIh ud;Dld yd f;aud tl fia myiq nj m%ldY lr we;s YsIH

m%;sY; ms<sfj<ska 20] la yd 17] ls' ^ j.=j 4'44" 4'46&

tla tla f;audjg wod< m%Yakj, § ish¨ u úIh ud;Dld tl fia myiq he hs i|yka

l< YsIHhkaf.a iuia; ixcdkkfha uOHkHh" úIh ud;Dld tl fia myiq ke;s nj i|yka

l< YsIHhkaf.a iuia; ixcdkkfha uOHkHhg jvd by< w.hla f.k we;' iEu m%Yakhla

u ms<sn| j u fuu ;;a;ajh tl fia mj;S' ^ j.= wxl 4'47&

fuu YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk w;r fjfiis fjkila mj;skafka oe hs úuiSug t

mÍlaIdj fhdod .eksKs' ^ j.= wxl 4'48&

l,ams;h( Ho .Ks;h úIh f;aud wkqj YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk w;r fjkila ke;'

iEu m%Yakhla iïnkaOj u ,enqKq t w.hka" 0'05 fjfiishd uÜgu hgf;a j.= w.h

jQ 1'645 blaujhs' tneúka l,ams;h m%;slafIam fõ' ish¨ u f;aud hgf;a YsIH ixcdkk

w;r fjfiis fjkila we;s nj ks.ukh l< yels h'

59

1

2

3

4

5

6

.05,1253 1.960,

2

.05,1251 1.96,

2

.05,1250 1.96,

2

.05,1247 1.96,

2

.05,1245 1.96,

2

.05,1243 1.96,

2

tQ tcal

tQ tcal

tQ tcal

tQ tcal

tQ tcal

tQ tcal

7

8

9

10

11

.05,1239 1.960,

2

.05,1245 1.96,

2

.05,1238 1.96,

2

.05,1245 1.96,

2

.05,1246 1.96,

2

tQ tcal

tQ tcal

tQ tcal

tQ tcal

tQ tcal

Reject the null hypothesis

Group Statistics

Perception N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Q1 1 1173 3.9188 .44572 .01301

2 82 3.6259 .55595 .06139

Q2 1 912 3.9713 .44579 .01476

2 341 3.7097 .44458 .02408

Q3 1 768 3.9772 .43694 .01577

2 484 3.7758 .47111 .02141

Q4 1 726 3.9503 .44859 .01665

2 523 3.8318 .46753 .02044

Q5 1 909 3.9468 .44169 .01465

2 338 3.7746 .48638 .02646

Q6 1 647 3.9827 .44057 .01732

2 598 3.8130 .46468 .01900

Q7 1 739 3.9378 .46225 .01700

2 502 3.8473 .45555 .02033

Q8 1 583 3.9658 .45586 .01888

2 664 3.8431 .45551 .01768

Q9 1 741 3.9564 .45413 .01668

2 499 3.8179 .45801 .02050

Q10 1 1033 3.9337 .44067 .01371

2 214 3.7479 .51055 .03490

Q11 1 1075 3.9335 .44836 .01367

2 173 3.6870 .48216 .03666

j.=j 4'47( iuia; ixcdkkfha uOHkHh

60

Levene's Test for

Equality of

Variances t-test for Equality of Means

95% Confidence

Interval of the

Difference

Perception F Sig. t df

Sig. (2-

tailed)

Mean

Differen

ce

Std.

Error

Differen

ce Lower Upper

Equal variances assumed 8.532 .004 5.653 1253 .000 .29291 .05182 .19125 .39457 Q1

Equal variances not assumed 4.667 88.430 .000 .29291 .06276 .16820 .41762

Equal variances assumed .113 .737 9.249 1251 .000 .26151 .02828 .20604 .31699 Q2





Equal variances not assumed 4.495 1.097E3 .000 .11851 .02637 .06678 .17025















646

738

738

740

5976

5977

5018

5829

21310 1032

1.38, Un.Equal

1.38, Un.Equal

1.38, Equal

1.38, Equal

1.38, Un.Equa

FQ F Fcal

FQ F Fcal

FQ F Fcal

FQ F Fcal

FQ F Fcal

17211 1074

l

1.36, Un.Equal FQ F Fcal

646

738

738

740

5976

5977

5018

5829

21310 1032

1.38, Un.Equal

1.38, Un.Equal

1.38, Equal

1.38, Equal

1.38, Un.Equa

FQ F Fcal

FQ F Fcal

FQ F Fcal

FQ F Fcal

FQ F Fcal

17211 1074

l

1.36, Un.Equal FQ F Fcal

j.=j 4'48( YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk w;r fjfiis fjki i|yd t mÍlaIdj

61

4'6 .Ks;h f;aud wkqj YsIH idOkh

I yd II m%Yak m;%j, tla tla f;audj hgf;a jQ m%Yakj,g YsIH ck.ykh ,enQm%;sY; ,l=Kq my; j.=fõ oelafõ'

j.=j 4'49( iuia; m%Yak m;%fha tla tla f;audj,g YsIHhska ,enQ ,l=Kqm%;sY;

f;audj m%;sY;h

ixLHd 38ùc .Ks;h 39ñkqï 35cHdñ;sh 33l=,l yd iïNdú;dj 38ixLHdkh 36

l,ams;h( Ho- .Ks;h f;aud wkqj YsIHhkaf.a .Ks;h úIh ixl,am idOkh fjkia

jkafka ke;'

fuu l,ams;h mÍlaId lsÍu i|yd úie,s úYaf,aIKh fhdod .eksKss'

úie,s úYaf,aIKh wkqj my; oelafjk ks.ukj,g t<eôh yels h'

ixLHd yd ùc .Ks;h f;aud wkqj YsIHhkaf.a .Ks;h úIh ixl,am idOkfha

fjfiis fjkila ke;'

• ixLHd yd ñkqï f;aud wkqj YsIHhkaf.a .Ks;h úIh ixl,am idOkfha fjfiisfjkila we;'

• ixLHd yd cHdñ;sh f;aud wkqj YsIHhkaf.a .Ks;h úIh ixl,am idOkfha fjfiisfjkila we;'

• ixLHd yd l=,l iïNdú;dj f;aud wkqj YsIHhkaf.a .Ks; úIh ixl,am idOkfhafjfiis fjkila ke;'

• ixLHd yd ixLHdkh f;aud wkqj YsIHhkaf.aa .Ks; úIh ixl,am idOkfha fjfiisfjkila ke;'

• ùc .Ks;h yd ñkqï f;aud wkqj YsIHhkaf.a .Ks; úIh ixl,am idOkfha fjfiisfjkila we;'

• ùc .Ks;h yd cHdñ;sh f;aud wkqj YsIHhkaf.aa .Ks; úIh ixl,am idOkfhafjfiis fjkila we;'

62

• ùc .Ks;h yd l=,l iïNdú;dj f;aud wkqj YsIHhkaf.aa .Ks; úIh ixl,amidOkfha fjfiis fjkila ke;'

• ùc .Ks;h yd ixLHdkh f;aud wkqj YsIHhkaf.aa .Ks; úIh ixl,am idOkfhafjfiis fjkila we;'

• ñkqï yd cHdñ;sh f;aud wkqj YsIHhkaf.a .Ks; úIh ixl,am idOkfha fjfiisfjkila ke;'

• ñkqï yd l=,l iïNdú;dj f;aud wkqj YsIHhkaf.a .Ks; úIh ixl,am idOkfhafjfiis fjkila we;'

• ñkqï yd ixLHdkh f;aud wkqj YsIHhkaf.a .Ks; úIh ixl,am idOkfha fjfiisfjkila ke;'

• cHdñ;sh yd l=,l iïNdú;dj f;aud wkqj YsIHhkaf.aa .Ks; úIh ixl,am idOkfhafjfiis fjkila we;'

• l=,l iïNdú;dj yd ixLHdkh f;aud wkqj YsIHhkaf.aa .Ks; úIh ixl,am idOkfhafjfiis fjkila ke;'

63

Multiple Comparisons

( I )

S

ub

ject

( J )

s

ub

ject

Me

an

Diff

ere

nce

Std

. Err

or

Sig

Lo

we

r B

oun

d

Up

pe

r B

oun

d

1 2 0.808 0.864

3 3.344 0.864

4 5.202 0.864

5 -0.333 0.864

6 2.063 0.864

2 1 -0.808 0.864

3 4.151 0.864

4 6.010 0.864

5 0.475 0.864

6 2.871 0.864

3 1 -3.344 0.864

2 -4.151 0.864

4 1.859 0.864

5 -3.676 0.864

6 -1.280 0.864

4 1 -5.202 0.864

2 -6.010 0.864

3 -1.859 0.864

5 -5.535 0.864

6 -3.139 0.864

5 1 0.333 0.864

2 -0.475 0.864

3 3.676 0.864

4 5.535 0.864

6 2.396 0.864

6 1 -2.063 0.864

2 -2.871 0.864

3 1.280 0.864

4 3.139 0.864

5 -2.396 0.864

j.=j 4'50( tla tla úIh f;audfõ ,l=Kqj, uOHkH w;r fjki

1' ixLHd

2' ùc.Ks;h

3' ñkqï

4' cHdñ;sh

5' l=,l yd iïNdú;dj

6' ixLHdkh

64

j.=j 4'51( - úIh f;audj, ,l=Kq w;r iyiïnkaOh

Correlation

ùc.K

s;h

usk

qï

cHdñ

;sh

ixL

Hd

l=,l

yd

iïNdú

;dj

ixL

Hdk

h

ùc.Ks;h Pearson Correlation

Sig.(2 – Tailed)

N

1 0.933 0.933 0.933 0.706 0.911

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

1039 1039 1039 1039 1038 1039

ñkqï Pearson Correlation

Sig.(2 – Tailed)

N

0.933 1 0.936 0.931 0.752 0.916

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

1039 1039 1039 1039 1038 1039

cHdñ;sh Pearson Correlation

Sig.(2 – Tailed)

N

0.933 0.936 1 0.930 0.771 0.916

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

1039 1039 1039 1039 1038 1039

ixLHd Pearson Correlation

Sig.(2 – Tailed)

N

0.933 0.931 0.930 1 0.727 0.901

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

1039 1039 1039 1039 1038 1039

l=,l yd iï( Pearson Correlation

Sig.(2 – Tailed)

N

0.706 0.752 0.771 0.727 1 0.669

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

1039 1039 1039 1039 1038 1039

ixLHdkh Pearson Correlation

Sig.(2 – Tailed)

N

0.911 0.916 0.916 0.901 0.669 1

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

1039 1039 1039 1039 1038 1039

ish¨ u f;audj, ,l=Kq w;r b;d by< iyiïnkaOhla fmkakqï lrhs' l=,l iyiïNdú;dj yd wfkl=;a f;aud w;r iyiïnkaO;dj yer wfkl=;a f;aud w;r iyiïnkaO;dix.=Klh 0'9g wdikak fõ' l=,l yd iïNdú;dj f;audfõ ,l=Kq yd wfkl=;a úIhf;audj, ,l=Kq w;r iyiïnkaOh 0'7g - 0'8 w;r w.hla .kS' ^ j.=j 4'36&

65

4'7 .Ks;h ms<sn| j YsIH ixcdkk yd Tjqkaf.a ixl,am idOk uÜgï

.Ks;h I m;%fha ,l=Kq iy .Ks;h II m;%fha ,l=Kq" uq`M ,l=Kq yd YsIHhkaf.a

ixcdkk w;r Ok iyiïnkaOhla mj;S' .Ks;h ms<sn| NS;sh yd ish¨ u .Ks; m%Yak

m;%j, ,l=Kq w;r iyiïnkaOh by< w.hla .kS' ish¨ u ixcdkk lafIa;% tlsfklg

noaOj mj;sk w;r tajd w;r Ok iyiïnkaOhla fmkakqï lrhs'^j.= wxl 4'52"4'53"4'54

j.= wxl 4'52 ( YsIH ,l=Kq iy YsIH ixcdkk w;r iyiïnkaO;dj^ 1 m%Yak m;%h&

Pap

er 1

ma

rks

idu

dkH

oel

au

NS;sh

Wk

d.;

wfmalaIK

wd;

au

jsYajdi

h

.=re N+ñl

dj

ixc

dkk

Paper 1

Marks

Pearson Correlation

1 0.198 0.206 0.109 0.200 0.123 0.221

Sig.(2- tailed) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

N 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034

GV Pearson Correlation

0.198 1 0.533 0.479 0.694 0.520 0.827

Sig.(2- tailed) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

N 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034

An Pearson Correlation

0.206 0.533 1 0.331 0.466 0.325 0.730

Sig.(2- tailed) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

N 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034

FE Pearson Correlation

0.109 0.479 0.331 1 0.493 0.360 0.734

Sig.(2- tailed) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

N 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034

SC Pearson Correlation

0.200 0.694 0.466 0.493 1 0.544 0.825

Sig.(2- tailed) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

N 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034

TR Pearson Correlation

0.123 0.520 0.325 0.360 0.544 1 0.675

Sig.(2- tailed) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

N 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034

Perception

Pearson Correlation

0.221 0.827 0.730 0.734 0.825 0.675 1

Sig.(2- tailed) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

N 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034

.=re

N+ñl

djixc

dkk

hwd;

auúYajdi

hwk

d.;

wfmalaIK

NS;sh

idu

dkH

±lau

66

j.=j 4'53( m%Yak m;%fha ,l=Kq iy YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkkh w;riyiïnkaO;dj

2 m;

%fha

,l

=Kq

idu

dkHd

±lau

NS;

sh

wk

d.;

wfmal

aIK

wd;

au

úYajdi

h

.=re N+ñl

dj

ixc

dkk

h

2 m;%fha ,l=Kq

Pearson Correlation 1 0.219 0.240 0.097 0.205 0.123 0.234

Sig.(2- tailed) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

N 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034

GV Pearson Correlation 0.219 1 0.533 0.479 0.694 0.520 0.827

Sig.(2- tailed) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

N 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034

An Pearson Correlation 0.240 0.533 1 0.331 0.466 0.325 0.730

Sig.(2- tailed) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

N 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034

FE Pearson Correlation 0.097 0.479 0.331 1 0.493 0.360 0.734

Sig.(2- tailed) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

N 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034

SC Pearson Correlation 0.205 0.694 0.466 0.493 1 0.544 0.825

Sig.(2- tailed) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

N 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034

TR Pearson Correlation 0.123 0.520 0.325 0.360 0.544 1 0.675

Sig.(2- tailed) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

N 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034

Perce

ption Pearson Correlation 0.234 0.827 0.730 0.734 0.825 0.675 1

Sig.(2- tailed) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

N 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034

.=re

N+ñl

djixc

dkk

hwd;

auúYajdi

hwk

d.;

wfmalaIK

NS;sh

idu

dkH

±lau

67

j.=j 4'54( YsIHhska ,nd.;a uq¿ ,l=Kq iy YsIH ixcdkk w;riyiïnkaOh

uq¿ ,

l=K

q

idu

dkH

±l

au

NS;

sh

wk

d.;

wfmal

aIK

wd;

au

úYajdi

h

.=re N+ñl

dj

ixc

dkk

h

uq¿

,l

=Kq

Pearson Correlation 1 0.220 0.236 0.109 0.214 0.130 0.240

Sig.(2- tailed) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

N 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034

idu

dkH

±lau

Pearson Correlation 0.220 1 0.533 0.479 0.649 0.520 0.827

Sig.(2- tailed) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

N 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034

NS;sh

Pearson Correlation 0.236 0.533 1 0.331 0.466 0.325 0.730

Sig.(2- tailed) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

N 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034

wk

d.;

wfmal

aIK

Pearson Correlation 0.109 0.479 0.331 1 0.493 0.360 0.734

Sig.(2- tailed) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

N 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034

wd;

au

úYajdi

h Pearson Correlation 0.214 0.694 0.466 0.493 1 0.544 0.825

Sig.(2- tailed) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

N 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034

.=re

N+ñl

dj

Pearson Correlation 0.130 0.520 0.325 0.360 0.544 1 0.675

Sig.(2- tailed) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

N 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034

ixc

dkk

h

Pearson Correlation 0.240 0.827 0.730 0.734 0.825 0.675 1

Sig.(2- tailed) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

N 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034 1034

68

4'8 .=re m%Yakdj,sh

.=re m%Yakdj,sh f;aud 07 la Tiafia ms<sfh, lrk ,oS'

j.=j 4'55( f;dard.;a f;aud wkqj m%Yak ixLHdj

f;audj m%Yak ixLHdj

mdif,a f;dr;=re 01

fm!oa.,sl f;dr;=re 01

bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%u 03

.=re YsIH iïnkaO;dj 02 - fldgia 11

.=re N+ñldj yd l<ukdlrKh 02 - fldgia 12

jD;a;Sh ixj¾Okh 01 - fldgia 05

iyDo iïnkaO;d 01 - fldgia 04

tl;=j 11

4'8( bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%u

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%u ms<sn|j .=re m%Yakdj,sfha 3" 4" 5 m%Yak fhduq úh' weuqKqu '''' &

3' isiqkaf.a .Ks; ixl,am idOkh i|yd jvd;a fhda.H hehs Tn is;k YslaIK úoHd;aul

m%fõY fudkjd o@ ^wod< fldgqj$fldgq ;=< i,l=K fhdokak'&

j.=j 4'56( kjh fY%aKsfha .Ks;h b.ekaùu i|ydNdú; lsÍug jvd;a fhda.H YslaIK úoHd;aul l%u

YslaIK úoHd;aul m%fõY ,nd ÿka m%;spdr ixLHd

1' foaYk l%uh 03

2' l%shdldrlï mokï lr.;a l%uh 42

3' idlÉPd l%uh 19

4' foaYk idlÉPd l%uh 26

5' .fõIKd;aul bf.kqu 27

6' l%Svd wdY%fhka bf.kSu 14

7' l%u lsysmhla Ndú;h 42

tl;=j 173

69

Wla; m%Yakhg,nd ÿka m%;spdr j.=j 4'56ka o ta ms<sn| jvd;a meyeÈ,s j m%ldYlsÍu 4'28 rEmfhka o bÈßm;a lr we;'

YsIHhkaf.a .Ks; ixl,am idOkh i|yd jvd;a fhda.H he hs .=rejreka woyia lrk

YslaIK úoHd;aul m%fõYj,ska l%shdldrlï mokï lr .;a l%uh iy YslaIK úoHd;aul

m%fõY lSmhla Ndú; lsÍu iqÿiq hehs 25]lg wdikak .=re msßila m%ldY lr we;' rEmh

4'28&

rEmh 4'28( 9 fY%aKSfha .Ks;h b.ekùug fhda.H YslaIK úoHd;aul m%fõY

4' Tn kjh fY%aKsh mka;sj, .Ks;h b.ekaùfï § nyq, j Ndú; lrkq ,nk YslaIK

úoHd;aul m%fõY fudkjd o@ ^wod< fldgqj$fldgq ;=< i,l=K fhdokak'&

j.=j 4'57( .=rejreka nyq, j Ndú; lrkq ,nk YslaIKúoHd;aul m%fõY

YslaIK úoHd;aul m%fõY .=re m%;spdr ixLHdj

1' foaYk l%uh 04


3' idlÉPd l%uh 29





Teachers Q-3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Y

1- foaYk l%uh

2- l%shdldrlï mokï

lr.;a l%uh

3- idlÉPd l%uh

4- foaYk idlÉPd l%uh

5- .fõIKd;aul bf.kqï

l%uh

6- l%Svd wdY%fhka bf.kSu

7- l%u lsysmhla Ndú;

lsÍu

70

rEmh 4'29 ( .=rejreka Ndú; lrkq ,nk YslaIK úoHd;aul m%fõY

kjh fY%aKsfha .Ks;h b.ekaùu i|yd .=rejreka nyq, j Ndú; lrk YslaIK úoHd

m%fõY jYfhka l%shdldrlï mokï lr.;a bf.kqu" .=rejreka 45 fofkl= i|yka lr we;'

b.ekaùug l%u lSmhla Ndú; lsßu o .=rejreka jeä fofkl= úiska isÿ lrk ^35& nj

i|yka lr we;' wvqfj57 iy 4'29 rEmh&

5 m%Yakh (Tfí mka;sfha YsIHhka fyd¢ka .Ks; ixl,am idOkh lr .kq ,nkafka l=uk

YslaIK úoHd;aul m%fõY hgf;a o@ ^wod< fldgqj$fldgq ;=< i,l=K fhdokak'&

j.=j 4'58 ( .Ks; ixl,am idOkh jvd fyd¢ka isÿ jk YslaIKúoHd;aul l%ufõoh

YslaIK úoHd l%ufõoh .=re m%;spdr

1' foaYk l%uh 11


3' idlÉPd l%uh 23





8' ´kEu l%uhlg idOkh lr .kS' 0

9' lsisu l%uhlska idOkh lr fkd.kS' 0

5 m%Yakh (

0

5

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30

35

40

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7

.=re m%;spdr ixLHdj

YslaIK úoHd;aul m%fõY

71

rEmh 4'30 ( YsIHhka fyd¢ka .Ks; ixl,am idOkh lr.kq ,nkYslaIK úoHd;aul m%fõY

jvd fyd| ixl,am idOk b.ekaùï m%fõYhla f,i l%shdldrlï mokï lr .;a l%uhiqÿiq nj .=rejreka jeä ixLHdjla ^44& mjid we;' ^j.=j 4'58 iy rEmh 4'30&

l%shdldrlï mokï lr.;a bf.kqu YslaIK úoHd;aul m%fõYhla f,i lemS fmfka'

.=rejreka is;k wldrhg;a Tjqka l%shd;aul lrk wldrhg;a wkqj l%shdldrlï mokï

lr.;a bf.kqu m%uqL fõ' YsIHhka .Ks; ixl,am idOkh lr.kakd l%uh f,i o th

m%uqL fõ' l%u lsysmhla tlg fhdod.ekSu o mka;s ldurh ;=< nyq, j isÿ jk wdldrh

meyeÈ,s fõ' foaYk l%ufhka YsIHhka ixl,am idOkh lr .kakd nj m%ldY lrk

.=rejreka ixLHdjg wvq .=rejreka ixLHdjla th Ndú; lrk nj m%ldY lr we;'

.fõIKd;aul bf.kqu yd l%Svd wdY%fhka b.ekaùu YsIHhka .Ks; ixl,am idOkh i|yd

jvd;a fhda.H YslaIK úoHd;aul m%fõY f,i m%ldY lrkq ,nk .=rejreka ixLHdjg jvd

wvq .=rejre ixLHdjla th Ndú; lr;ss' YsIHhka fyd¢ka .Ks; ixl,am idOkh lr .kq

,nk YslaIK úoHd;aul m%fõYhla f,i l%Svd wdY%fhka b.ekaùu ms<s.kakd .=rejreka

ixLHdjg jvd wvq .=rejreka ixLHdjla th Ndú; lrk nj i|yka lr we;' .Ks;h

b.ekaùfï § iqúfYaIS l%u Ndú;d l< hq;= nj by; j.= u`.ska meyeÈ,s fõ' kE u l%uhlg

YsIHhka .Ks; ixl,am idOkh lr .kakd nj lsis u .=rejrfhl= m%ldY lr ke;'

^j.= wxl 4'56" 4'57 iy 4'58&

4'8'2 .=rejrekaf.a wOHdmk iqÿiqlï yd YsIH idOkh w;r iïnkaOh

3' m%Yakh.=re ksheÈh my; ±lafjk wOHdmk iqÿiqlï iys; .=re msßila úh'

1' mYapd;a Wmdê

2' úoHdfõ§ Wmdê

3' úoHdfõ§ fkdjk Wmdê

4' Wiia fm< iu;a

5' idudkH fm< iu;a

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

YslaIK úoHd;aul l%uh

.=re m%;spdr ixLHdj

72

wOHdmk iqÿiqlï wkqj .=re ksheÈhg wod< YsIH ixLHd my; ±lafõ'

j.=j 4'59 ( .=rejrekaf.a wOHdmk iqÿiqlï yd YsIHhka ,nd.;a ,l=Kqj,ixLHd;s'

wOHdmk iqÿiqlï Wmrsu wju uOHia:h uOHkHh iïu; iïu;

w.h w.h jro wm.ukh

mYapd;a Wmdê 49 16 35 34'05 2'390 10'416

úoHdfõ§ Wmdê 94 6 37 42'19 1'315 19'902

úoHdfõ§ fkdjk Wmdê 73 7 28 33'58 1'773 17'008

Wiia fm< iu;a .=rejre 88 2 33 36'31 0'615 18'295

idudkH fm< iu;a 96 23 51 53'00 3'85 17'20

jeä u uOHkHh fmkakqï lrkqfha idudkH fm< iu;a .=re;=ñhla W.kajkq ,enQ

mdif,a h' weh idudkH fm< wOHdmk iqÿiqlï iys; jqj o .=re úoHd, mqyqKqj yd

wOHdmkm;s Wmdê iys; wjqreÿ 20 blau jQ fcHIaG .=rejßhls' úoHdfõ§ Wmdê .=rejre

W.kajk YsIHhkaf.a yd úoHdfõ§ fkdjk Wmdê iys; .=rejre W.kajk YsIHhkaf.a

,l=Kqj, uOHkHh w;r meyeÈ,s fjkila fmkakqï lrhs'

rEmh 4'31 ( .=rejrekaf.a wOHdmk iqÿiqlï yd YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kq

úoHdfõ§ Wmdê .=rejreka yd idudkH fm< iu;a .=re;=ñh W.kajkq ,nk YsIHhkaf.aa

idOk uÜgï by< ;;a;ajhl mj;sk nj by; fldgq fl¢ igyfkka meyeÈ,s fõ'

idudkH fm< iu;a .=re;=ñh .Ks;h .=re úoHd, mqyqKqj yd wOHdmkfõ§ mqyqKqj ,enQ

wjqreÿ 20 blaujQ fiajd ld,hla iys; fcHIaG .=re;=ñhls' wehf.a mka;sfha YsIHhkaf.aa

idOk uÜgu by< ;;a;ajhl mej;Su lemS fmfka'

1- mYapd;a Wmdê

2- úoHdfõ§ Wmdê

3- úoHdfõ§ fkdjk

Wmdê

4- Wiia fm< iu;a

5- idudkH fm< iu;a

,l

=Kq

wOHdmk iqÿiqlï

73

4'8'3 .=rejrekaf.a jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï yd YsIH idOkh w;r iïnkaOh

.=re ksheÈh my; ±lafjk wOHdmk iqÿiqlï iys; .=re msßila úh'

1' wOHdmkm;s .=rejreka

2' mYapd;a Wmdê wOHdmk ämaf,daud

3' wOHdmkfõ§

4' cd;sl YslaIK úoHd ämaf,daud - .Ks;h

5' cd;sl YslaIK úoHd ämaf,daud - fjk;a

6' .=re úoHd, mqyqKq - .Ks;h

7' .=re úoHd, mqyqKq - fjk;a

8' ÿria: mqyqKq

9' kqmqyqKq

j.=j 4'60( tla tla jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï iys; .=rejrekag wod< YsIH ixLHd

jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï YsIH ixLHdj

mYapd;a Wmdê wOHdmk ämaf,daud 174

wOHdmkfõ§ 153

cd;sl YslaIK úoHd ämaf,daud - .Ks;h 231

cd;sl YslaIK úoHd ämaf,daud - fjk;a 137

.=re úoHd, mqyqKq - .Ks;h 196

.=re úoHd, mqyqKq - fjk;a 19

ÿria: mqyqKq 252

kqmqyqKq 39

.=rejrekaf.a jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï iy YsIHhka ,nd.;a ,l=Kq ms<sn|j j.=j 4'61

iy rEmh 4'32 fldgq fl¢ m%ia;drfhka bÈßm;a lr we;'

j.=j4'61 ( .=rejrekaf.a jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï yd YsIHhka ,nd.;a ,l=Kqj,ixLHd;s wOHdmk iqÿiqlï Wmrsu wju uOHia:h uOHkHh iïu; iïu;

w.h w.h jro wm.ukh

mYapd;a Wmdê wOHdmk ämaf,daud 94 6 35 40'21 1'518 20'021

wOHdmkfõ § 96 7 33 38'50 1'613 19'957

cd;sl YslaIK úoHd ämaf,daud-.Ks;h 88 2 36 37'95 1'264 19'207

cd;sl YslaIK úoHd ämaf,daud-fjk;a 79 5 31 35'79 1'597 18'69

.=re úoHd, mqyqKq - .Ks;h 80 4 36 37'86 1'326 18'570

.=re úoHd, mqyqKq - fjk;a 58 17 36 37'68 2'101 9'159

ÿria: mqyqKq 88 5 28 33'07 1'090 17'306

kqmqyqKq 69 12 33 36'51 2'254 14'075

74

by< jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï iys; .=rejrekaf.ka bf.kqu ,nk YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj,

uOHkHh by< w.hl mj;S' wvq u uOHkHh fmkakqï lrkqfha ÿria: mqyqKq .=rejreka

W.kajkq ,nk YsIHhkaf.a fõ' .Ks; mqyqKq .=rejrekaf.ka bf.kqu ,nk YsIHhkaf.a

idOkh fjk;aa mqyqKq .=rejrekaf.ka .Ks;h bf.k .kakd YsIHhkaf.a idOk uÜgug

jvd by< ;;a;ajhl mj;S' ^j.=j 4'61& by< jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï iys; .=rejreka W.kajkq

,nk YsIHhaf.a ,l=Kqj, úisÍu o wêl h' by< u ,l=Kq ,enQ YsIHhka isàu Bg fya;=

ù we;' .Ks;h fkdjk .=re úoHd, mqyqKqj ,enQ .=rejreka W.kajkq ,nk YsIHhkaf.a

,l=Kqj, úisÍu b;d wvq h' by< u ,l=Kq ,enQ wh fuka u my< u ,l=Kq ,enQ wh o

fkdisà' ^j.=j 4'61&

rEmh 4'32 ( .=rejrekaf.a jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï yd YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kq

mYapd;a Wmdê wOHdmk ämaf,daud" wOHdmkfõ§" cd;sl YslaIK úoHd ämaf,daud .Ks;h&"

.=re úoHd, mqyqKq ^.Ks;h& jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï iys; .=rejreka W.kajkq ,nk YsIHhkaf.a

idOk uÜgï by< uÜgul mj;sk nj fldgq fl¢ igyfkka ksrEmKh fõ' rEmh 4'32&

4'8'4 .=rejrekaf.a mqñ;sß nj yd YsIH idOkh w;r iïnkaOh

.=rejrekaf.a mqñ;sß nj yd .=rejrekaf.ka bf.kqu ,nk ksheÈfha YsIH ixLHdj

my; j.=fõ ±lafõ'

j.=j 4'62 - .=rejrekaf.a mqñ;sß nj yd YsIH ixLHd

.=rejrhdf.a mqñ;sß nj YsIH ixLHdj

msßñ 529

.eyeKq 727

tl;=j 1206

jD;a;Sh iqoqiqlu

,l

=Kq

1' wOHdmkm;s2' mYapd;a WmdêwOHdmk ämaf,daud3' wOHdmkfõ§4' cd;sl YslaIKfõ§ämaf,daud-.Ks;5' cd;sl YslaIKfõ§ämaf,daud-fjk;a6' .=re úoHd, mqyqKq -.Ks;7' .=re úoHd, mqyqKq -fjk;a8' ÿria: mqyqKq9' kqmqyqKq

75

.=rejrekaf.a mquq;sß nj iy YsIHhka ,nd .;a ,l=Kq ms<sn| iïnkaO;dj meyeÈ,s flfrkúYaf,aIs; f;dr;=re j.=j 4'63 iy 4'33 fldgq fl¢ igyfkka fmkajd we;'

j.=j 4'63 ( .=rejrekaf.a mqñ;sß nj yd YsIHhka ,nd.;a ,l=Kqj,ixLHd;s'

mqñ;sß nj Wmrsu wju uOHia:h uOHkHh iïu; iïu; w.h w.h jro wm.ukh

msßñ 88 5 33 36'3 0'806 18'543

.eyekq 69 12 33 36'51 2'254 14'075

.eyekq .=rejreka W.kajkq ,nk YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj, uOHkHh ;rula by< w;r

iïu; wm.ukh my< w.hla fõ' ^ j.= wxl 4'63" rEmh 4'33&

rEmh 4'33 ( .=rejrekaf.a mqñ;sß nj yd YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kq ms<sn| fldgqfl¢ igyk

4'8'5 .=re m%Yakdj,sfha yhjk m%Yakhg ,enqK m%;spdr6 m%Yakfhka bÈßm;a lr ;snQ ;udf.ka .Ks;h bf.k .kakd YsIHhka ms<sn|

.=rejreka ork wdl,am úYaf,aIKh lr j.=j 4'64 yd 4'34 m%ia;drfhka bÈßm;a lr we;'

.eyekq msrsus

,l=Kq

76

j.=j 4'64( .=re m%Yakdj,sfha yhjk m%Yakhg ,enqKq m%;spdr

rEmh 4'34 ( YsIHhka ms<sn| .=rejrekaf.a ixcdkk

YsIHhka ms<sn| j .=rejrekaf.a ixcdkk úúO fõ' mka;sfha YsIHhka olaI YsIHhka

njg Okd;aul wdl,amhla fkdorhs' .=rejrekaf.ka 50] blaujQ msßila ;u mka;sfha

YsIHhka ish¨ fokdu olaI fkdjk nj woyia lr;s' ;u mka;sfha YsIHhka .Ks;h

iu;ajk njg .=rejreka 39'4] la Okd;aul wdl,amhla orhs' YsIHhka .Ks;h ms<sn| j

ork wdl,am ms<asn| nyq;r .=rejreka uOHia: wdl,am orhs' ^j.= wxl 4'64" remh 4'34 &

mka;sfha YsIHhkag b.ekaùu ÿIalr nj 50] la .=rejre woyia lr;s' ^ j.= wxl 4'64&

0

5

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35

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45

1 2 3 4 5

oeä fia tl`. fkdfjñ

tl`. fkdfjñ

uOHia: fjñ

tl`. fjñ

oeä fia tl`. fjñ

m%ldYh

±ä fiatl`. fjñ

tl`.fjñ

uOHia:fjñ

tl`.

fkdfjñ

±ä fia tl`.fkdfjñ

uOHia:hm%ldYh

1' uf.a mka;sfha ish¨ fokd uolaIfhda fj;s' 01 03 26 33 03 2

2' uf.a mka;sfha YsIhkaf.a ixl,amidOk uÜgï b;d by< hs' 00 06 39 20 01 3

3' uf.a mka;sfha YsIHhkaf.anyq;rh idudkH fm<úNd.fhka .Ks;h iu;a jk nj 07 19 36 04 00 3uu úYajdi lrñ'

4' uf.a mka;sfha YsIHhka .Ks;hms<sn| j b;d by< Okd;aul 04 16 39 07 00 3wdl,am orhs'

5' uf.a mka;sfha YsIHhkag 07 26 24 08 00 4b.ekaùu b;d ÿIalr ld¾hhls'

.=re m%;spdr

ixL

Hdj

77

4'8'6 .=re m%Yakdj,sfha y;ajk m%Yakhg ,enqK m%;spdr

.Ks;h b.ekaúu ms<sn| .=rejrhdf.a ;Dma;su;a nj ms<sn| bÈßm;a l< m%ldYj,g,enqKq m%;spdr úYaf,aIKh lr j.= wxl 4'65 iy 4'35" 4'36 m%ia;drj,ska úYaf,aIs;f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lr we;'

j.=j 4'65( .Ks;h b.ekaùu ms<sn| ;Dma;su;a nj ms<sn| .=re m%;spdr

rEmh 4'35 ( .Ks;h b.ekaùu ms<sn| ;Dma;su;a nj ms<sn| .=rejreka orkm%;spdr

±ä fiatl`. fjñ

tl`.fjñ

uOHia:fjñ

tl`.

fkdfjñ


uOHia:hm%ldYh

1' uu mka;sfha b;d i;=áka .Ks;hW.kajñ' 13 43 09 01 00 4

2' uf.a YsIH lKavdhfï olaI;dms<sn| j ug iEysulg m;aúh 02 18 27 19 00 3fkdyels h'

3' .Ks;h úIhh b.ekaùu ms<sn| jug m%udKj;a mqyqKqjla ,eî we;' 11 39 12 03 01 4

4' uu .Ks;h b;d m%sh lrñ' 48 17 01 00 00 5

5' uf.a mka;sfha YsIHhfhda b;d 05 21 37 03 00 3wdYdfjka .Ks;h bf.k .ks;s'

6' .Ks;h b.ekaùug m%udKj;a 01 12 36 14 03 3fN!;sl yd uQ,H iïm;a mdi,i;=j we;'

TQ-7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6

Series1

Series2

Series3

Series4

Series5

±ä fia tl`. fkdfjñ tl`. fkdfjñ uOHia: fjñ tl`. fjñ ±ä fia tl`. fjñ

m%ldYh

.=re m%;spdr

ixL

Hdj

78

rEmh 4'36 ( .=re wdl,am ^m%;sY;&

by; 4'65 j.=j iy 4'35 yd 4'36 rEm wOHhkfhka meyeÈ,s jkafka .=rejreka mka;sfhai;=áka b.ekaùu ms<sn| j Okd;aul wdl,amhka ork njhs' 84'8] la .=rejrekaf.a wdl,amhmka;sfha i;=áka .Ks;h W.kajk njhs' YsIHhkaf.a olaI;d ms<sn| j uOHia: wdl,amhkaorhs' b.ekaùu ms<sn| j .=rejrekag m%udKj;a mqyqKqjla ,eî we;' ta ms<sn| j Okd;aulwdl,am ork m%;sY;h 60'1] ls' 95]la u .=rejre .Ks;h b;d m%sh lsÍu lemS fmfka' tams<sn| j .=rejrekaf.a wdl,amh b;d u Okd;aul fõ' mdif,a we;s fN!;sl yd uQ,Hiïm;a ms<sn| j .=rejrekaf.a woyia uOHia: uÜgul mj;S' 75'8] la fN!;sl yd uQ,Hiïm;a m%udKj;a j mdi, i;= j fkdue;s nj woyia lrhs'

4'8'7 .=re m%Yakdj,sfha wgjk m%Yakhg ,enqKq m%;spdr

j.=j 4'66 ( .=re N+ñldj ms<sn| j ork wdl,am

±ä fiatl`. fjñ

tl`.fjñ

uOHia:fjñ

tl`.

fkdfjñ


uOHia:hm%ldYh

1' mdif,a mßmd,kh uf.a N+ñldjid¾:l lr .ekSug b;d bjy,a fõ' 12 40 11 01 00 4

2' mdi,g meñKSug m%udKj;am%jdyk myiqlï we;' 15 26 13 09 02 4

3' jD;a;Sh ixj¾Okh i|yd m%udKj;amyiqlï we;' 11 39 26 04 01 4

4' uf.a fm!oa.,sl Ôú;h yd iïnkaOlreKq uf.a jD;a;shg n, fkdmdhs' 21 27 01 00 00 5^mÈxÑ ia:dkh" mjqf,a orejka wdÈh&

5' mdif,a ug wêl ld¾h m%udKhla 04 15 30 13 02 3mejÍ we;'

6' mdif,a ug mejÍ we;s úIh iu.dó 00 11 30 23 01 3l%shdldrlï m%udKh wêl fõ'

7' YsIHhka i|yd m%;sldÍ jev 08 34 17 06 00 4l%shd;aul lsÍug wjia:dj we;'

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 2 3 4 5 6


tl`. fkdfjñ

uOHia: fjñ

tl`. fjñ

±ä fia tl`.fjñ

m%ldYh

m%;sY;h

79

rEmh 4'37 .=re N+ñldj ms<sn| m%;spdr

.=re N+ñldj flfrys n,mdk fndfyda lreKq ms<sn| j .=rejrekaf.a ixcdkk Okd;aul

fõ' mdif,a mejÍ we;s ld¾h m%udKh yd úIh iu.dó l%shdldrlï m%udKh ms<sn|

ixcdkk uOHia: fõ' .=re N+ñldj flfrys n,mdk fndfyda úp,Hhkaf.a n,mEu .=re

N+ñldfõ idOkSh ÈYdjg fhduq ù we;s nj fmfka'

4'8'7 .=re m%Yakdj,sfha kujk m%Yakhg ,enqK m%;spdr

.Ks;h bf.kSug n,mdk idOl ms<sn| .=re m%;spdr úYaf,aIKh lsÍfuka ,o úYaf,aIs;f;dr;=re j.= wxl 4'67 iy 4'38 rEmfhka bÈßm;a lr we;'

j.= wxl 4'67 ( .Ks;h bf.kSug n,mdk idOl ms<sn| .=re wdl,am

TQ-8

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7

Question

No

. o

f T

each

ers Series1

Series2

Series3

Series4

Series5

±ä fia tl`. fkdfjñ tl`. fkdfjñ uOHia: fjñ tl`. fjñ ±ä fia tl`. fjñ

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

.=re ixL

Hdj

m%ldYh

±ä fiatl`. fjñ

tl`.fjñ

uOHia:fjñ

tl`.

fkdfjñ


uOHia:hm%ldYh

1' .Ks;h b.ekaùfï oS Y%jH oDYHWmlrK ^rEm igyka" ixfla; jeks& 27 32 06 00 00 4tlla fyda Ndú; l< hq;= h'

2' .Ks;h bf.ksu wkql%ñl j isÿ fõ' 26 30 09 00 00 4

3' .Ks;h bf.kSu m%Odk jYfhkau;lh u; isÿ fõ' 08 28 19 09 01 4

4' fndfyda .Ks; .eg¨ úi£u i|ydúúO l%u we;' 24 34 07 00 00 4

5' .Ks;h b.ekaúug ienE f,dalfha 19 31 12 02 01 4wdlD;s fhdod .ekSu w;HjYH fõ'

80

rEmh 4'38 ( .Ks;h bf.kSug n,mdk idOl ms<sn| .=re wdl,am

.Ks;h b.ekaùfï § Y%jH oDYH WmlrK Ndú; l< hq;= njg 90'8] l .=rem%;sY;hla u; m%ldY lrhs' .Ks;h b.ekaùu wkql%ñl j isÿjk nj woyia lrk .=rem%;sY;h 86'2]la jk w;r .Ks;h bf.kSu m%Odk jYfhka u;lh u; isÿjk nj 55'4]l.=re m%;sY;hla woyia lrhs' .Ks;h .eg¨ úi£ug úúO l%u we;s njg;a .Ks;h b.ekaùugienE f,dalfha wdlD;s fhdod .ekSu wkjYH njg;a Okd;aul wdl,am .=rejre m%ldY lrwe;'

4'8'8 .=re m%Yakdj,sfha oyjk m%Yakhg ,enqK m%;spdr

jD;a;Sh ixj¾Ok wjia:djkag iyNd.s ùu iunkaO j .=rejrekaf.a m%;spdr úYf,aIKfhkaa,o úYaf,aIs; f;dr;=re j.=j 4'68 iy 4'39 rEmfhka bÈßm;a lr we;'

j.=j 4'68 ( jD;a;Sh ixj¾Ok wjia:djkag iyNd.s ùu ms<sn| .=re wdl,am

m%ldYh Tõ ke;

1' .Ks;h b.ekaùfï l%u 23 41

2' .Ks;h úIh ud,dj 25 38

3' f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh .Ks;hb.ekaùu iu. ifudaOdkh lsÍu 48 16

4' YsIHhkaf.a úfõpl nqoaêh fyda.eg¨ úi£fï l=i,;d kxjd,Su 40 24

5' .Ks;h mejreï 35 29

TQ-9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5

Question

No

. o

f T

ea

ch

ers Series1

Series2

Series3

Series4

Series5

±ä fia tl. fkdfjñ tl`. fkdfjñ uOHia: fjñ tl`. fjñ ±ä fia tl. fjñ

m%;spdr

ixL

Hdj

m%ldYh

81

rEmh 4'39 ( jD;a;Sh ixj¾Ok wjia:djkag iyNd.s ùu

.Ks;h b.ekaùfï l%u yd .Ks;h úIhud,dj ms<sn| j jD;a;Sh ixj¾Ok wjia:dj,g

miq.sh jir foflys u iyNd.s ù fkdue;s njg nyq;r .=re msßila ^79]& woyia m%ldY

lr;s' .Ks;h b.ekaùfï l%u ms<sn| j miq.sh jir foll ld,h ;=< jD;a;Sh ixjd¾Ok

wjia:dj,g iyNd.s ù fkdue;s m%;sY;h 64'1] ls' .Ks;h úIhud,dj ms<sn| j miq.sh

jir fol ;=< jD;a;Sh ixj¾Ok wjia:dj,g iyNd.s ù fkdue;s .=re m%;sY;h 60'1] ls'

f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh .Ks;hg ifudaOdkh lsÍu" .eg¨ úi£fï l=i,;d kxjd,Su " .Ks;h

mejreï wdY%s; j jD;a;Sh ixj¾Ok wjia:d mej;s nj;a .=rejreka jeä ixLHdjla Bg

iyNd.s ù we;s nj;a fmfka' ^j.= wxl 4'68 iy 4'39 rEmh& .eg¨ úi`§fï l=i,;d

kxjd,Sfï jD;a;Sh ixj¾Ok wjia:dj,g iyNd.s ù fkdue;s .=re m%;sY;h 37'5] ls' .Ks;h

mejreï ms<sn| j jD;a;Sh ixj¾Ok wjia:dj,g iyNd.s ù fkdue;s m%;sY;h 45'3] ls'

.Ks;h .=rejreka jD;a;Sh ixj¾Ok wjia:dj,g iyNd.s ùfï úIu;djla fmkakqï lrhs'

úIhud,dj yd b.ekaùfï l%u ms<sn| j iyNd.s;ajh b;d uo nj fmfka' ^j.=j 4'68 iy

4'39 rEmh&

4'8'9 .=re m%Yakdj,sfha tfldf<diajk m%Yakhg ,enqK .=re m%;spdr

.=re m%Yakdj,sfha 11 m%Yakhg wod< j .Ks; .=rejreka yd wfkl=;a .=rejreka w;rúIhh ixj¾Okhg wod<j we;s wka;¾ iïnkaO;d ms<sn| ,nd .;a .=re m%;spdr úYaf,aIKhlr j.= wxl 4'69 iy 4'40 m%ia;drfhka bÈßm;a lr we;'

TQ-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5

Yes

No

m%;spdr

m%ldYh

Tõ

ke;

1 2 3 4 5

82

j.=j 4'69 ( wfkl=;a .=rejreka iu. wka;¾ iïnkaO;d mj;ajkwdldr ms<sn| .=re ixcdkk

wfkl=;a .=rejreka iu`. wka;¾ iïnkaO;d meje;aùu i;=gqodhl uÜgul fkdmj;S'

fjk;a .=rejrfhl=f.a mka;s ldurhla lsisfia;a u ksÍlaIKh fkdlrk .=re m%;sY;h50]ls' fjk;a .=rejrfhl= u`.ska ;udf.a mka;s ldurh ksÍlaIKhg wjia:dj i,id §ulsisfia;a u bgq fkdlrk .=re m%;sY;h 36'54] ls' .Ks; ixl,am W.kajk wdldrhms<sn| j wfkl=;a .=rejreka iu`. idlÉPd lsÍu i;shlg jrla fyda ffoksl j bgq lrk.=re m%;sY;h 69'23] ls' .=rejreka ;u jD;a;Sh ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh i|yd iyDo iydh ,nd.ekSu by< uÜgul fkdmj;sk nj fuu o;a; úYaf,aIKfhka wkdjrKh jQ jeo.;a

lreKls' ^j.=j 4'69 iy 4'40 m%ia;drh&

rEmh 4'40 ( wfkl=;a .=rejreka iu. wka;¾ iïnkaO;d mj;ajk wdldrms<sn| .=re ixcdkk

wka;¾ iïnkaO;d mj;ajk wdldr ffoksl j i;shlg uilg lsisfia;a^4& jrla ^3& jrla ^2& ke; ^1&

1' .Ks; ixl,am W.kajk wdldrh 12 24 13 03

2' iduqyslj bf.kqï øjH ieliSu 03 10 24 15

3' fjk;a .=rejrfhls f.a mka;s 01 07 18 26 ldurhla ksÍlaIKh lsÍu

4' uf.a mka;s ldurh ksÍlaIKh lrk 01 04 28 19 f,i fjk;a .=rejrfhl=g mejÍu

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

1

2

3

4

1 - lsisfia;a ke;

2 - uilg jrla

3 - i;shlg jrla

4 - ffokslj

m%;spdr

ixL

Hdj

m%ldYh

83

4'9 mdi,a f;dr;=re /ia lsrSfï m;%sldj

mdi,a mßirh wdY%s; f;dr;=re /ia lsßu i|yd ms<sfh< lrk ,o m;%sldfõ m%Yak 7lawe;=<;a úh' tu m;%sldfõ we;=<;a 6jk m%Yakh Rcq j u mdif,a mßirh yd iïnkaO lrf.dv ke.+ tlla úh' thska (a) mdif,a m%shukdm nj

(b) mdif,a .Ks;uh miqìu(c) mdif,a mka;s ldurh ilia lr we;s wdldrh hk

lreKq ms<sn| f;dr;=re /ia lrk ,§'

(a) mdif,a m%shukdm njmdif,a m%shukdm nj uek .ekSu i|yd bÈßm;a l< mßudKh m%;spdr 4lska hqla;úh'

• b;d m%shukdmhs • m%shukdmhs • m%shukdm fkdjk • b;d m%shukdm fkdjk

ta i|yd ,o m%;spdr úYaf,aIKh lr j.=j 4'70ka o 4'41 rEmfhka o bÈßm;a lr we;'

j.= wxl 4'59 ( mdif,a m%shukdm nj ms<sn| j bÈßm;a l< m%;spdr

ks¾Kdhl b;d m%shukdm m%shukdm m%shukdm fkdjk b;d m%shukdm fkdjk

ixLHdj 42 16 16 00

] 56'0 22'0 22'0 00'0

rEmh 4'41 ( mdif,a m%shukdm nj ms<sn| jg m%ia;drh

by; j.= wxl 4'70 yf 4'41 rEmh wOHhkh lsÍfuka b;d m%shukdm mßirhla iys; mdi,a56] jq w;r b;d m%shukdm fkdjk mßirhla iys; mdi,a fkdue;s nj meyeÈ,s fõ' tfy;am%shukdm iy m%shukdm fkdjk mdi,a ms<sfj<ska 22] ne.ska we;' rEmh 4'41& ta wkqj tufoj¾.fha mdi,a iudk f,i jHdma; j we;s nj wkdjrKh fõ'

0%

22%

22%

56%

84

(b) mdif,a .Ks;uh miqìu

.Ks;uh miqìula iys; mdi,a y÷kd .ekSu i|yd m%Odk ks¾Kdhl 3la bÈßm;a lrk,§'

.Ks;uh mqjre m%o¾Ykh lr we;' mßirfha .Ks;uh wdlD;s ks¾udKh lr we;' .Ks;h yd iïnkaO úIh iu.dó l%shdldrlï bgq lr we;' fõ'

fuu ks¾Kdhl ms<sfj<ska " " jYfhka wxlkh lr we;' fuu ks¾Kdhl i|yd,o m%;spdrj.= wxl 4'71 u.ska o rEmh 4'42 u.ska o úYaf,aIKh lr we;'

j.= wxl 4'71 ( mdif,a .Ks;uh miqìu ms<sn| j ±la jQ m%;spdr

ksheÈfhka Nd.hlg jeä mdi,a ixLHdjlg úIh iu.dó l%shdldrlï bgq lr we;' lsisumdi,l mßirfha .Ks;uh wdlD;s ks¾udKh lr ke;' ^j.= wxl 4'71 iy rEmh 4'42&

rEmh 4'42 ( mdif,a .Ks;uh miqìu ms<sn| ±la jQ m%;spdr-m%;sY;

fï wkqj wkdjrKh jkafka wOHhkhg ,la jQ mdi,aj,ska 50]g wdikak m%udKhla^rEmh 4'42& .Ks;uh mqjre m%o¾Ykh iy .Ks;h yd iïnkaO úIh iu.dó l%shdldrlï bgqlrk nj;a tfy;a mdi,a mßirfha .Ks;uh wdlD;s ks¾udKh lsßug lsisÿ mdi,la fydal%shdlr fkdue;s njhs'

(c) b.ekaùfï M,odhs;dj i|yd mka;s ldur ieleiau

mdi,aj, 9 fY%aKsfha mka;s ldurh .Ks;h b.ekaùug iqÿiq f,i ilia lr ;sfí ± hsmÍlaId lsßug my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl y;r Wmfhda.S lr .kakd ,§'

- .;dkq.;sl l%uhg ilid we;' - lKavdhï jev i|yd ilid we;'

- l%shdldrlï i|yd ilid we;'

- wjYH mßÈ mka;s ldurh ilia lr .eksug wjldY we;'

48%

0%

52%

.Ks;uh mqjrem%o¾Ykh lr we;^1&

mßirfha .Ks;uhwdlD;s ks¾udKh lrwe;'^2&

.Ks;h yd iïnkaOúIh iu.dó l%shdldrlïbgq lr we;'^3&

ks¾Kdhl

ixLHdj 38 00 36

] 48'0 00'0 52'0

85

j.=j 4'72 .Ks;h b.ekaúug mka;s ldurfha fhda.H;dj

wOHhkhg ,la l< mdi,a w;ßka 56]la 9 fY%aKSfha mka;s ldur .;dkq.;sl l%uhgilid we;' j.= wxl 4'72& .=re fïih bÈßfha we;s w;r YsIHhka .=rejrhdg uqyqK ,d fma<syd ;Sre wdldrhg wiqka f.k isàu .;dkq.;sl l%uh hs' b;sß mdi,a w;ßka 30]la j.= wxl4'72& tkï .;dkq.;sl l%uhg mka;s ldur msysá mdi,aj,ska wvlg wdikak ixLHdjlmdvug WÑ; wdldrhg .=rejrhdg mka;s ldurh ilid .ekSug yels jk mßÈ bvlviys; mka;s ldur msysgd we;' 7]l mdi,a ixLHdjla l%shdldrlï" isÿ lsßug iqÿiq mßÈ ilialr we;' ^j.= wxl 4'72& fï ;;a;ajh 4'44 rEmfhka ;j ÿrg;a meyeÈ,s fõ' l%shdldrlïweiqfrka b.ekaùfï M,odhs nj .=rejreka úiska ms<s.kq ,enQj o ta wkqj mka;s ldurhieliS fkdue;s nj ñka wkdjrKh fõ' l%shdldrlï iy lKavdhï jev i|yd ieliQ mka;sldur iy kuHYS,s mka;s ldur we;af;a 50]lg;a jvd wvqfjka nj o fuhska wkdjrKhfõ'

rEmh 4'43 ( .Ks;h b.ekaùu i|yd mka;s ldurfha fhda.H;dj

4'9'1 mdi,a mßirh yd YsIH idOkhmdif,a mßirh hgf;a wOHhkhg ,la l< mdif,a m%shukdm nj" mdif,a .Ks;uh

miqìu iy mka;s ldur jd;djrKh hk lafIa;% wkqj YsIH idOkh isÿj we;s wdldrhmÍlaId lrk ,§'

1

56%

2

7%

3

7%

4

30%

m%;spdrks¾Kdhl .;dkq.;sl

l%uhgilid we;'

lKavdhïjev i|ydilid we;'

l%shdldrlïi|yd ilidwe;'

wjYH mßÈieliSug wjldYwe;'

ixLHdj 42 05 05 22

m%;sY;h 56] 07] 07] 30]

86

j.=j 4'73( mdif,a m%shukdm nj iy YsIH idOkh

m%shukdm nj iúia;rh ixLHd;s iïu; fodaIh

uOHkHh 38'90 2'010

uOHia:h 36'00

wju w.h 5

Wmßu w.h 96

mrdih 91

wka;¾ p;=¾:l mrdih 30

uOHkHh 36'91 0'565

uOHia:h 33'00

wju w.h 4

Wmßu w.h 94

mrdih 90


uOHkHh 19'05 1'761

uOHia:h 19'50

wju w.h 2

Wmßu w.h 35

mrdih 33


b;d m%shukdm yd m%shukdm mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj, uOHkHh m%shukdm fkdjk

mdi,a mßir iys; mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj, uOHkHh fuka fo.=Khlg wdikak

nj j.= wxl 4'73ka meyeÈ,s fõ' fï wkqj b;d m%shukdm yd m%shukdm mdi,a mßir iys;

mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.a idOk uÜgï by< nj fmkS hhs' fï nj wxl 4'44 rEmfhka ;j

ÿrg;a ;yjqre fõ'

rEmh 4'44 (mdif,a m%shukdm nj iy YsIH idOkh ms<sn| fldgq fl¢igyk

m%shuk

dmhs

b;d m%shuk

dmhs

m%shuk

dm f

kdj

k

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1 2 3mdi,a mßirh

,l

=Kq

1' b;d m%sh ukdm2' m%sh ukdm3' m%sh ukdm fkdjk

87

mdif,a .Ks;uh miqìu YsIH idOkhg hï n,mEula ;sfí ±hs mßlaId lrk ,§' j.= wxl4'73 iy 4'44 rEmfhka ±lafjk úYaf,aIs; f;dr;=re w¾:l:kh l< úg úIh iu.dól%shdldrlï bgq lrk mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj, uOHkHh iy uOHia:h by< w.hlaf.k we;' tu mdi,aj, YsIHhkaaaf.a idOk uÜgï by< nj fuu lreKq wkqj meyeÈ,s fõ'

j.=j 4'74( .Ks;uh miqìu yd YsIH idOkh

.Ks;uh miqìu iúia;rh ixLHd; iïu; fodaIh

uOHkHh 88'54 1'042

uOHia:h 35'00

wju w.h 2

Wmßu w.h 88

mrdih 86


uOHkHh 40'60 0'962

uOHia:h 37'00

wju w.h 6

Wmßu w.h 96

mrdih 90


rEmh 4'42 ( .Ks;uh miqìu iy YsIH idOkh ms<sn| fldgq fl¢ igyk

mdi,a mßirh .Ks;uh miqìulska hqla; ùu YsIH idOkh flf¾ n,mdk nj fuu o;a;úYaf,aIKfhka wkdjrKh úh' mdif,a § .Ks;h bf.ksu flf¾ YsIHhkaa f.a .Ks;idOkhg Tjqka bf.k .kakd mka;s ldurfha msysàu fldf;la ÿrg Woõ fõ ± hs YsIHhka,nd .;a ,l=Kq iy mka;s ldurfha msysàu ms<sn| ixLHdkuh jYfhka úYaf,aIKh lrk,§' ta wkqj ,nd .;a f;dr;=re j.= wxl 4'74ka iy 4'44 rEmfha olajd we;s fldgq fl¢igyfkka o meyeÈ,s fõ'

.K

s;h y

d iïnk

aO ú

Ih

iu.dó

l%shdl

drl

ï b

gq

lr w

e;' ^2&

.K

s;uh m

qjre mdi

,a

mßirfha m

%o¾Yk

h l

rwe;

' 1&

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1 2

.Ks;uh miqìu

,l

=Kq

88

j.=j 4'75( mdi,a mka;s ldurfha miqìu YsIH idOkh flfrys olajkn,mEu

mka;sldur miqìu iúia;rh ixLHd;s iïu; fodaIh

uOHkHh 35'08 0'675

uOHia:h 31'00

wju w.h 5

Wmßu w.h 96

mrdih 91


uOHkHh 33'25 2'011

uOHia:h 30'00

wju w.h 8

Wmßu w.h 80

mrdih 72


uOHkHh 39'57 2'661

uOHia:h 34'00

wju w.h 10

Wmßu w.h 88

mrdih 78


uOHkHh 40'83 1'128

uOHia:h 38'00

wju w.h 2

Wmßu w.h 94

mrdih 92


lK

avdh

ï j

ev i

|yd

.;dk

q.;sl

l%uhg

wjYH m

ßÈ

il

id

l%shdl

drl

ï i

|yd

89

rEmh 4'46 ( mka;s miqìu yd YsIH idOkh

lKavdhï jev i|yd ilia l< mka;s ldur iys; mdi,aj, bf.k .kakd YsIHhkaf.a,l=Kq .;dkq.;sl l%uhg ilia l< mka;s ldur iys; mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj,gjvd wvq nj by; j.= wxl 4'75 iy 4'46 rEmfhka meyeÈ,s fõ' by< u uOHkHhla fmkakqïlrkqfha kuHYs,S mka;s ldurh iys; mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj, h' l%shdldrlïi|yd ieliQ mka;s ldur yd kuHYS,S jd;djrKhla iys; mka;s ldur we;s mdi,aj,YsIHhkaf.a idOkh lemS fmfkk j¾Okhla fmkakqï lr we;'

mdi,a mßirh YsIHhkaf.a .Ks; idOkh flf¾ n,mdk nj by; o;a; úYaf,aIKfhkawkdjrKh úh' b;d m%sh ukdm mdi,a mßirhl" .Ks;h yd iïnkaO úIh iu.dó l%shdldrlïisÿ lrk iy kuHYS,s jd;djrKhla iys; mka;s ldurj, .Ks;h bf.k .kakd YsIHhkaf.a.Ks; idOkh by< uÜgul mj;sk nj o wkdjrKh úh'

1 2 3 4

5 8 10 2

12.5 10 6 19.5

27 24 36 31

51.5 38 36 40.5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1 2 3 4

1' .;dkq.;sl l%uhgilid we;'2' lKavdhï jevi|yd ilid we;'3' l%shdldrlï i|ydilid we;'4' wjYH mßÈ ilid.ekSug wjldY we;'

mka;s ldur miqìu

,l

=Kq

90

5'wkdjrK ks.uk yd fhdackd

5'1 wkdjrK

5'1'1' ksheÈfha ,laIK

• wOHhkh i|yd mdi,a 74l YsIHfhda 1409 la yd .=rejre 66la iyNd.s jQy' uy k.r iNd"k.r iNd iy m%dfoaYSh iNd wdjrKh jk f,i isxy, yd fou< udOH 1 AB, 1 C yd 2j¾.fha mdi,a Bg wh;a úh'

• .=re ksheÈh wOHdmk iqÿiqlïj,ska mYapd;a Wmdê" úoHdfõ§ Wmdê" úoHdfõ§ fkdjkWmdê Wiia fm< fyda idudkH fm< hk uÜgïj,ska hqla; úh' Tjqka mYapd;a WmdêwOHdmk ämaf,daudj" wOHdmkfõ§" cd;sl YslaIK úoHd ämaf,daud ^.Ks;h yd .Ks;hfkdjk& fyda .=re úoHd, mqyqKq hk uÜgïj, jD;a;Sh mqyqKqj ,enQjka fuka u kqmqyqKqwhf.ka o hqla; úh' .=re ksheÈfha isxy, udOH .=re m%;sY;h 80'3] lao fou< udOH .=rem%;sY;h 19'7la o úh' .=re ksheÈfha jeä u .=re msßila wjqreÿ 20g jvd jeä fiajd ld,hlaiys; jQjka h' tu m%;sY;h 31'8] ls' wjqreÿ 5g jvd wvq fiajd ld,hla iys; .=re m%;sY;h25'8] ls' fï wkqj wOHhkhg iyNd.s jQ .=rejrekaf.ka 97]lg wdikak msßila jD;a;Shiqÿiqlï imqrd we;s m<mqreÿ .=rejre jQy'

• wOHhkh i|yd iyNd.S jQ isxy, udOH YsIH m%;sY;h 73'4]la jk w;r fou< udOHhm%;sY;h 26'6] ls' mdi,a j¾.h wkqj ie,l+ úg" 1 AB j¾.fha mdi,aj, YsIH m%;sY;h41]la jk w;r .%dóh m%foaYj,g wh;a mdi,aj, YsIH m%;sY;h 70'8] ls'

5'1'2 .Ks;h f;aud wkqj YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk

.Ks;h f;aud wkqj ixcdkh fjkia jk YsIH m%;sY;h 80% blaujhs' tfia u tlatla f;audj ;=< o úúO ud;Dld ms<sn| j YsIH ixcdkk w;r fjkila mj;S' .Ks;h f;audish,a, tl fia myiq nj ixcdkkh lrkqfha 17%la jeks l=vd YsIH m%;sY;hls'

• .Ks;fha iuyr f;aud wkqj YsIHhkaf.a ixl,am idOkfha fjfiis fjkilawe;s w;r iuyr f;aud w;r ixl,am idOkfha fjfiis fjkila ke;

.Ks;fha f;aud wkqj ixl,am idOkfha fjfiis fjkila we;s f;aud

i. ixLHd yd ñkqïii. ixLHd yd cHdñ;shiii. ùc .Ks;h yd ñkqïiv. ùc .Ks;h yd cHdñ;shv. ùc .Ks;h yd ixLHdkhvi. ñkqï yd l=,l yd iïNdú;djvii. cHdñ;sh yd l=,l yd iïNdú;dj

91

viii. cHdñ;sh yd ixLHdkh

.Ks;fha f;aud wkqj ixl,am idOkfha fjfiis fjkila ke;s f;aud

i. ùc .Ks;h yd l=,l iïNdú;djii. ñkqï yd cHdñ;shiii. l=,l yd iïNdú;dj yd ixLHdkh

5'1'3 ixcdkk lafIa;% wkqj YsIH ixcdkk

• wOHhkhg n÷ka lrk ,o wkd.; wfmalaIK" NS;sh" wd;au úYajdih".=re N+ñldj hk lafIa;% flfrys YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk Okd;aul fõ'fuu iEu lafIa;%hlg u wod< uOHia:h" uOHia: w.h jQ 3 blaujhs'

• jeä u uOHia:hla fmkakqï lrkqfha idudkH ±lau yd wd;auúYajdih hk lafIa;%j, h'

• wvq u uOHia:h fmkakqï lrkqfha NS;sh iïnkaOfhks'

• mdi,a j¾.h" mqñ;sßnj" m<d;a md,k n, m%foaYh" kd.ßl ydÿIalr nj wkqj idudkH ±lau" wkd.; wfmalaIK" wd;au úYajdih hkixcdkklafIa;% iïnkaO j YsIH m%;spdrj, fjkila fmkakqïfkdlrhs' tfy;a NS;sh ms<sn| YsIH m%;spdrj, uOHia:fha fjkiaùula olajhs'

• 1C j¾.fha mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.a NS;sh ms<sn| j uOHia:h wfklamdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.a NS;sh ms<sn| uOHia:hg jvd wvq h'

• fou< udOH YsIHhkaf.a NS;sh ms<sn| j ixcdkkj, uOHia:hisxy, YsIHhkag jvd wvq h'

• fou< udOH YsIHhkaf.a NS;sh ms<sn| j ixcdkkh uOHia: fõ'Okd;aul fkdfõ'

• wkd.; wfmalaIK ms<sn| j fou< udOH YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkkisxy, udOHh YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkkj,g jvd m%n, fõ'

5'1'4 .Ks;h úIh f;aud wkqj YsIHhkaf.a .Ks;h úIhfha ixl,am idOkh

jeä u ,l=Kq ,nd.;a f;audj jk ùc .Ks;h f;audjg YsIHhka ,nd.;a uOHkH ,l=Kqm%;sY;h 39]la jk w;r wvq u ,l=Kq ,nd.;a f;audj jk cHdñ;sh f;audjg YsIHhka ,nd.;a uOHkH ,l=Kq m%;sY; 33]ls' l=,l iïNdú;dj yd ixLHd f;audj, ,l=Kq m%;sY;iudk fõ' f;aud w;r YsIHhkaf.a uOHkH ,l=Kq m%;sY;fha mrdih 6]ls' tu mrdihb;d úYd, w.hla f.k fkdue;' YsIHhka jeä u ,l=Kq ,ndf.k we;af;a ixLHd ydixLHdkh f;audj,g jk w;r wvq u ,l=Kq ,nd f.k we;af;a cHdñ;sh f;audjg fõ'

92

• l=,l iy iïNdú;dj hk f;audj iu. wfkl=;a f;audj, iyiïnkaO;dj yerwfkl=;a f;aud w;r iyiïnkaO;d ix.=Klh 0'9 g wdikak fõ'

• .Ks;fha ish¨ u f;audj, ,l=Kq w;r b;d by< Ok iyiïnkaOhla mj;S'iyiïnkaO;d ix.=Klh 0'9" 0'7 yd 0'8 uÜgïj, mj;S'

5'1'5 YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk yd ixl,am idOk uÜgï

• wOHhkh lrk ,o idudkH oelau" NS;sh" wkd.; wfmalaIK" wd;au úYajdih".=re= N+ñldj hk ixcdkk lafIa;% tlsfkl w;r Ok iyiïnkaO;djla mj;S'

• ish¨ u lafIa;% w;r 0'01 fjfiishd uÜgu hgf;a iyiïnkaO;djla we;'

• .Ks;h 1 " 11 m%Yak m;%j, ,l=Kq ie,l+ úg o uq¿ ,l=Kq ie,l+ úg o ta iEuwjia:djl u Ok iyiïnkaOhla mj;akd nj meyeÈ,s h'

• fuu m%Yakm;%j, ,l=Kq yd iuia; ixcdkkh w;r fjfiis iïnkaOhla mj;S'

• .Ks;h 1 m;%fha ,l=Kq" 11 m;%fha ,l=Kq" uq¿ ,l=Kq yd iuia; ixcdkkh w;riyiïnkaO;d ix.=Klh 0'2la jQ wvq w.hla fmkakqï lrhs'

• NS;sh hk lafIa;%h yd m%Yak m;%j, ,l=Kq w;r iyiïnkaOh wfkla lafIa;%w;r iyiïnkaOhg jvd jeä h'

• .Ks;hg wvq ìhla olajk whf.a idOk uÜgu by< nj o meyeÈ,s fõ'

• idudkH oelau yd wd;au úYajdih yd iuia; ixcdkkh w;r iyiïnkaO;dix.=Klh wfkla lafIa;% w;r iyiïnkaO;d ix.=Klhg jvd jeäh' ta wkqjidudkH oelau yd wd;au úYajdih wfkl=;a lafIa;% flfrys oeä j n,mdk njmeyeÈ,s fõ' tfy;a idudkH oelau ms<sn| YsIH ixcdkk b;d by< Ok w.hlaf.k fkdue;'

5'1'6 YsIH idOkh

• .Ks;h 1 m;%h ie,l+ úg YsIHhkaf.ka 75]la ,l=Kq 32 la fyda Bg wvqfjka o"50]la ,l=Kq 24 fyda Bg wvqfjka o ,ndf.k we;' ^uq¿ ,l=Kq 60&

• .Ks;h 1 m;%hg ,l=Kq ìxÿj ,nd.;a YsIHhka fkdue;'

• 1 m;%h i|yd ,nd we;s wju ,l=K 2 jk w;r by< u ,l=K f,i ,l=Kq 60ka60u ,ndf.k o we;'

• .Ks;h II m;%h ie,l+ úg ,l=Kq 40ka 40 u ,nd.;a YsIHhka isàu lemS fmfka'

• tfy;a .Ks;h II m;%fha ,l=Kqj, ud;h ìxÿjls'

93

• YsIH ksheÈfha 50]la u ,l=K 8la fyda Bg wvqfjka o ,ndf.k we;'^uq¿ ,l=Kq 40&

• .Ks;h m%Yak m;% fol u i|yd ,nd.;a uq`M ,l=Kq ie,l+ úg ,l=Kq 100 u,nd.;a YsIHhka lsisfjl=;a ke;'

• Wmßu uq`M ,l=Kq 96 jk w;r wju ,l=Kq 2 fõ'

• YsIH ksheÈfhka 75]la u uq`M ,l=Kq 49 la fyda Bg wvqfjka ,ndf.k we;'

• uq`M ,l=Kqj, uOHkHh 36'29ls' iïu; wm.ukh 18'53 ls'

• fuu w.hka idudkH fm< úNd.fha YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj, mj;akd uOHkHhgyd iïu; wm.ukhg wdikak fõ'

• kjh fY%aKsfha § YsIHhka m%o¾Ykh lrk idOk uÜgu i;=gqodhl fkdjknj fmfka'

• I m;%fha ,l=Kq fndfyda ÿrg m%u; jHdma;shlg wdikak jk w;r II m;%fha,l=Kq Ok f,i l=ál j we;' tkï fhdod .kq ,nk m%Yak j¾.h YsIH idOkhflfrys n,mdk nj ñka meyeÈ,s fõ'

• I m;%fha ,l=Kq yd II m;%fha ,l=Kq w;r Ok iyiïnkaOhla mj;S' tkï I m;%fha,l=Kq jeä YsIHhkaf.a II m;%fha ,l=Kq o jeä nj ±lsh yels h'

• mqñ;sß nj wkqj YsIHhkaf.a uq¿ ,l=Kqj, úYd, fjkila fmkakqï fkdlrhs'

• isxy, udOH YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj, uOHkHh fou< udOH ,l=Kqj, uOHkhgjvd ;rula by< w.hla .;a; o isxy, udOHh YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj, mrdihfou< udOH YsIHhkaf.a ,l+Kqj, mrdihg jvd jeäh'

• m<d;a md,k n, m%foaYh yd mdi,a j¾.h wkqj o YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj,uOHkHh fjkia ù we;'

• uy k.riNd iSud ;=< jq I AB mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj, uOHkHh wfklaish¨ u mßirj, jq mdi,a ys YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj, uOHkHhg jvd jeä h'

• uy k.riNd iSudfõ msysá 3 j¾.fha mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj, uOHkHhwfkla ish¨ u mßirj, YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj, uOHkHhg jvd wvqh'

• ms%hukdm mdi,a mßirhla iys; mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.a idOk uÜgï by< w.hlmj;S'

• kuHYS,S mka;s ldur iys; yd úIh iu.dó ls%hdldrlï bgq lrkq ,nk mdi,aj,YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk uÜgu o by< fõ'

94

• f;aud yd úIh ud;Dld wkqj m%Yakj, ÿIalr;dj fjkia ù we;'

• I m;%fha ikaksfõokh wruqK hgf;a jQ m%ia;dr m%Yakh ^10& b;d myiq ù we;sw;r iïnkaO;d oelSu wruqK hgf;a jq ixLHdkh ^27& m%Yakh b;d ÿIalr ù we;'

• II m;%fha ikaksfõok wruqK hgf;a fjkarEm wdY%s; m%Yakh b;d myiq m%Yakhlajk w;r ikaksfõokh wruqK hgf;a ñkqï f;audjg wh;a mßudK rEm m%Yakhb;d ÿIalr m%Yakh ù we;'

• ùc .Ks;h myiq u f;audj ù we;s w;r cHdñ;sh ÿIalr u f;audj njg m;a ùwe;'

• jeä u ,l+Kq ^75- 100& ,nd .;a YsIHhka jeä m%;sY;hla ixLHd f;audjg wh;aw;r wvq u ,l=Kq ,nd .;a YsIHhka jeä m%;sY;hla cHdñ;sh f;audjg wh;a fõ'

5'1'7 YslaIK úoHd;aul m%fõY

• l%shdldrlï mokï lr.;a b.ekaùu" ixl,am idOkh i|yd fhda.Hh" th nyq, jNdú; lrk YsIHhka ixl,am idOkh lr .kakd l%uhla f,i ikd: fõ'

• .=rejreka mka;s ldurfha b.ekaùu i|yd YslaIK úoHd;aul m%fõY f,i l%ulsysmhla fhdod .kakd nj wkdjrKh fõ'

• foaYk l%uh yd lS%vd wdY%fhka b.ekaùu nyq, j fhdod fkd.kS'

5' 1' 8 .=re N+ñldj

• .=rejrekaf.a wOHdmk yd jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï YsIHhkaf.a idOk uÜgï flrysm%n, f,i n,md we;'

• by< wOHdmksl yd jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï iys; .=rejrekaf.ka bf.kqu ,nkYsIHhkaf.a idOk uÜgï lemS fmfkk f,i by< ;;a;ajhl mj;S'

• wOHdmk iqÿiqlïj,g;a jvd YsIH idOkh flfrys .=rejrekaf.a jD;a;Shiqÿiqlï lemS fmfka'

• mYapd;a Wmdê" wOHdmkfõ§" .=re úoHd," .Ks; mqyqKq" cd;sl YslaIK úoHdämaf,daud ^.Ks;& .=rejreka W.kajkq ,nk YsIHhkaf.a idOk uÜgï by<;;a;ajhl mj;S'

• YsIHhka ms<sn| j .=rejrekaf.a ixcdkk úúO ;,j, mj;S'

• mka;sfha ish¨ u YsIHhka olaI fkdjk nj 50] blau jQ .=re msßilf.a u;h ùwe;'

95

• YsIHhka ms<sn| j .=rejrkaf.a wdl,am uOHia: fõ'

• .Ks;hg b;d ms%h lrk .=re m%;sY;h 98]la jk w;r .=rejrekaf.ka 84'8]lamuK mka;sfha b;d i;=áka .Ks;h W.kaj;s'

• .Ks;h b.ekaùu ms<sn| j m%udKj;a mqyqKqjla ,nd we;s .=re m%;sY;h 60]ls'

• mka;sfha YsIHhka ms<sn| j .=re ixcdkk uOHia: fõ'

• mdi,aj, fN!;sl yd uQ,H iïm;a iïnkaOfhka o .=rejrekaf.a wdl,am uOHia:fõ'

• mdi,a mßmd,kh" fN!;sl myiqlï" jD;a;Sh ixj¾Okh i|yd myiqlï"fm!oa.,sl Ôú;h yd iïnkaO lreKq jD;a;shg n,mEu iïnkaOfhka.=rejrekaf.a ixcdkk Okd;aul fõ' nyq;r lreKq .=rejrekaf.a N+ñldj flfrysidOkSh f,i n,md we;'

• .=rejre ;ukag mejÍ we;s ld¾h m%udKh yd úIh iu.dó ls%hdldrlï m%udKhms<sn| j uOHia: u;hla or;s'

• m%;SldÍ jev ls%hd;aul lsÍug we;s wjia:dj iïnkaOfhka o Okd;aul wdl,amor;s'

• .Ks;h b.ekaùfï § Y%jH oDYH WmlrK fhdod .; hq;= njg 90'8]l .=rem%;sY;hlf.a u;h jk w;r 86'2]la .Ks;h bf.kSu wkql%ñl j isÿ jk njwoyia lr;s'

• .Ks;h bf.kSu m%Odk jYfhka u;lh u; isÿ jk nj woyia lrk .=rem%;sY;h 55'4]ls'

• fndfyda .Ks; .eg¨ úi|Sug úúO l%u we;s nj yd .Ks;h bf.kSu i|yd ienEf,dalfha wdlD;s fhdod .ekSu iïnkaOfhka .=rejrekaf.a ixcdkk Okd;aulfõ'

• .=rejrekaf.ka jeä m%;sY;hla miq.sh fojir ;=< .Ks;h b.ekaùfï l%u yd.Ks;h úIhud,dj iïnkaO jD;a;Sh ixj¾Ok wjia:djkag iyNd.s ù fkdue;'

• tfy;a jeä m%;sY;hla f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh .Ks;h iu. ifudaOdkh lsÍu" .eg¨úi§fï l=i,;d kxjd,Su" .Ks;h mejreï wdYs%; jD;a;Sh ixj¾Ok wjia:dj,giyNd.s ù we;'

• jD;a;Sh ixj¾Ok wjia:dj,g .=rejreka iyNd.s ùfï úIu;djla fmkakqï lrhs'

96

5'1'9 mdi,a mßirh

• wOHhkhg ,la lrk ,o mdi,aj,ska 56]la b;d m%shukdm mdi,a mßir iys;mdi,a úh' b;d m%shukdm fkdjk mdi,a mßir iys; mdi,a fkdúKs'

• m%shukdm yd m%shukdm fkdjk mdi,a mßir iys; mdi,a ixLHdj iudk fõ'

• úIh iu.dó l%shdldrlï isÿ lrk mdi,a m%;sY;h 50] blaujhs'

• lsis u mdi,l .Ks;uh wdlD;s m%o¾Ykh lr ke;'

• jeä mdi,a ixLHdjl mka;s ldurh .;dkq.;sl l%uhg ilia lr we;'

• kuHYS,S mka;s ldur we;af;a 30]la muKs' l%shdldrlï i|yd ieliQ mka;s ldurwe;af;a 7]ls'

• b;d m%shukdm mdi,a mßir iys; mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj, uOHkHhm%shukdm fkdjk mdi,a mßir iys; mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj, uOHkHhfuka fo.=Khla muK fõ'

• úIh iu.dó l%shdldrlï bgq lrk mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj, uOHkHh yduOHia:h by< w.hlska hqla; úh'

• kuHYS,S mka;s ldur iys; mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj, uOHkHh by< w.hls'

• lKavdhï jev i|yd ilia l< mka;s ldur iys; mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kqj,uOHkHh .;dkq.;sl l%uhg ieliQ mka;s ldur iys; mdi,aj, YsIHhskaf.a

,l=Kqj, uOHkHhg jvd wvq h'

5'2 ks.uk

1. .Ks;h f;aud wkqj YsIH ixcdkk fjkia fõ' fjfiishd uÜgu 0'01 hgf;a".Ks;fha ixl,am idOkfha fjfiis fjkila fmkakqï lrk f;aud wgla we;sw;r f;aud 3l ixl,am idOkfha fjfiis fjkila fmkakqï fkdlrhs'

2' .Ks;h úIh f;aud wkqj YsIHhkaf.a ixl,am idOk uÜgï w;r fjkila fmkakqï

l< o th b;d úYd, w.hla f.k fkdue;' f;aud w;r YsIHhkaf.a ,l=Kq m%;sY;fhamrdih 6]ls'

3' ùc .Ks;h myiq u f;audj jk w;r cHdñ;sh ÿIalr u f;audj fõ'

4' ish¨ u f;audj, ,l=Kq w;r b;d by< Ok iyiïnkaOhla mj;S'

5' YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk yd ixl,am idOk uÜgï w;r Ok iyiïnkaOhla mj;S'

97

idudkH ±lau" NS;sh" wkd.; wfmlaIK" wd;au úYajdih" .=re N+ñldj hk ixcdkklafIa;% w;r Ok iyiïnkaOhla mj;S' tajd tlsfklg ne£ wfkHdakH in|;djlafmkakqï lrhs' jeäu iyiïnkaOh NS;sh yd YsIH idOkh w;r mj;S' idudkH±lau yd wd;au úYajdih wfkl=;a ixcdkk lafIa;% flfrys ±ä n,mEula t,a, lrhs'

6' my; ±lafjk úp,H YsIHhkaf.a .Ks; idOk uÜgu yd iïnkaO nj wOHhkfhka;yjqre úh'

1' YsIH ixcdkk ^wkd.; wfmalaIK" NS;sh" iudkH ±lau" wd;au úYjdih&2' .Ks;h úIh f;aud3' m%Yak m;%fha m%Yak j¾.h4' .=rejrekaf.a wOHdmk yd jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï5' m<d;a md,k n, m%foaYh ^kd.ßl ÿIalr nj&6' mdi,a mßirh7' úIh iu.dó l%shdldrlï8' mka;s ldur mßirh

7' .=rejrekaf.a .Ks;h b.ekaùfï l%shdj,sh flfrys n,mdk úp,H

1' .=rejrekaf.a YsIHhka ms<sn| ixcdkk2' mdi, i;= fN!;sl yd uQ,H iïm;a3' .=rejrekaf.a wOHdmk yd jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï4' jD;a;Sh ixj¾Ok wjia:d5' f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh Ndú;h i|yd we;s myiqlï6' iyDo iïnkaO;d

.=rejrekaf.a .Ks;h b.ekaùfï l%shdj,sh flfrys n,mdk by; úp,H wkqj

YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk yd ixl,Am idOk uÜgï fjkia jk nj wOHhkfhka fy<sù we;'

8' l%shdldrlï mokï lr.;a b.ekaùu YsIHhkaf.a ixl,am idOkh i|yd fhda.H ydnyq, j Ndú; lrk l%uhls' .=rejreka mka;s ldurfha b.ekaùfï § l%u lsysmhlafhdod .kS' l%Svd wdY%fhka b.ekaùu" yd .fõIKd;aul b.ekaùu mka;s ldurfhanyq, j isÿ fkdjk nj wOHhkfhka meyeÈ,s fõ' .Ks;h b.ekaùfï § tla tlaud;Dld i|yd iqúfYaIS l%u wjYH nj .=rejreka nyq;rhlf.a u;h fõ'

5'3 fhdackd

1. .Ks;h úIh f;aud wkqj YsIH ixcdkk fjkia fõ' f;aud wkqj ixl,am idOkuÜgïys o fjfiis fjkila ms<sônq lrhs' fuu fya;+ka ksid mka;s ldurfha §ÿIalr úIh f;aud flfrys jeä wjOdkhla fhduq l< hq;= fõ' úIhud,dj ieleiSfï§ tu f;aud ms<sn| j jeä wjOdkhla fhduq lsÍu;a WÑ; f,i ld,h ie,eiqïlsÍu;a l< hq;= fõ' tu f;aud b.ekaùu i|yd l%shdldÍ YslaIK úoHd;aul l%u oWmfhda.S lr .; hq;= fõ'

98

2' YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk yd ixl,am idOk uÜgï w;r by< Ok iyiïnkaOhla mj;S'YsIH idOkh kxjd,Su i|yd YsIH ixcdkk Okd;aul f,i j¾Okh l< hq;= h'jeä idOk uÜgï fmkakqï lrkqfha .Ks;hg wvq NS;shla fmkakqï lrk wh ksid

YsIHhka ;=< .Ks;h ms<sn| j we;s NS;sh ;=rka lsÍu i|yd lghq;= lsÍu w;HjYH

fõ' YsIHhkaf.a wd;au úYajdih yd wkd.; wfmalaIK j¾Okh jk mßÈ mx;s ldur

l%shdldrlï ie,eiqï l< hq;= fõ' YsIHhka ms<sn| j .=rejrekaf.a ixcdkk oOkd;aul f,i mj;ajd .ekSug .=rejrekag Wmfoia §u o wjYH fõ'

3' m%Yak m;%fha m%Yak j¾.h wkqj o YsIHhkaf.a idOkh fjkia ù we;' nyqjrK m%Yak

m;%hg yd flá ms<s;=re imhk j¾.fha m%Yak m;%hg YsIHhka ,nd ,;a ,l=KqjHdma;s iudk fkdfõ' nyqjrK m%Yak i|yd ,nd.;a ,l=Kqj, jHdma;sh wdikakjYfhka m%u; j jHdma; jqj o flá ms<s;=re imhk j¾.fha m%Yak m;%hg YsIHhska,nd .;a ,l=Kqj, jHdma;sh Ok l=ál j mj;S' YsIHhska we.hSu i|yd fhdod .kq,nk m%Yak j¾.h ms<sn| j wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= j we;' m%isoaO úNd.j, §

YsIHhkag fokq ,nk m%Yak j¾.h ms<sn| j we.hSï WmlrK ;ekSfï § ie,ls,su;aúh hq;= h' mdif,a § o fuu lreK ms<sn| j wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= fõ' úIhud,diïmdolhskaf.a yd we.hSï WmlrK ilik whf.a ±ä wjOdkh fï ms<sn| j fhduql< hq;= fõ'

4' .=rejrekaf.a wOHdmk yd jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï o YsIH ixcdkk yd ixl,am idOkhflfrys n,mdk nj wOHhkfhka fy<s ù we;' wOHdmk iqÿiqlï wNsNjd jD;a;Shiqÿiqlï lemS fmfka' .Ks; .=rejreka .=re fiajhg n|jd .ekSfï § by< wOHdmkiqÿiqlï imsß msßila n|jd .ekSu wjYH fõ' tf,i u Tjqkg m%udKj;a jD;a;ShmqyqKqjla ,nd§u;a jD;a;Sh ksmqK;ajhla we;s lr,Su;a w;HjYH fõ'

5' ÿIalr mdi,a wNsNjd kd.ßl mdi,aj, YsIHhkaf.a idOk uÜgu by< w.hla

fmkakqï lrhs' tneúka ÿIalr mdi,aj, myiqlï kxjd,Su yd YsIHhka m%fndaOu;a j;nd .ekSu i|yd iqÿiq l%shdud¾. .; hq;= h'

6' mdi,a mßirh yd mka;s ldur mßirh o YsIH ixcdkk yd idOk uÜgï flfrysn,md we;' m%shckl mdi,a mßirhla we;s lsÍug ish¨ u mdi,a jyd mshjr .; hq;=h' mdi,a mßirh .Ks;uh w;a±lSï ,nd .ekSu i|yd ilia úh hq;= fõ' iïm%odhslmka;s ldurh fjkqjg kuHYS,S mka;s ldur we;s l< hq;= fõ' ta i|yd myiqlï,nd§u;a" ±kqj;a lsÍu;a" Wkkaÿ lsÍu;a w;HjYH fõ'

7' úIh iu.dó l%shdldrlï iEu mdi,l u ukd ixúOdkhlska hq;= j l%shd;aul l<hq;= fõ' .Ks;uh w;a±lSï YsIHhkag ,nd .; yels úIh iu.dó l%shdldrlïy÷kajd§u;a tajd wLKav j l%shd;aul lsÍu;a mdi,a úiska jyd l%shd;aul l< hq;=fõ'

8' .=rejreka i|yd jD;a;Sh ixj¾Ok wjia:d kxjd,sh hq;= h' jD;a;Sh ixj¾Okwjia:d w;r úIu;d fmkakqï lrk fyhska iEu .=rejrfhl=g u iu wjia:d,efnk mßÈ tu wjia:d ,nd §ug mshjr .ekSu wjYH fõ'

9' f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh .Ks;h b.ekaùug Ndú; lsÍu wvq w;r Ndú; lsÍfï § o

99

úIu;d fmkakqï lrhs' .Ks;h b.ekaùfï § f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh fhdod .ekSug.=rejreka Wkkaÿ l< hq;= w;r ta i|yd wjYH myiqlï ,nd Èh hq;= fõ'

10' ;u jD;a;Sh ixj¾Okh i|yd iyDo in|;d fhdod .ekSu wvq uÜgul mj;S' wfkHdakHiyfhda.fhka hq;= j mka;s ldur ksÍlaIKh lrñka jD;a;Sh ixj¾Okh i|ydmshjr .ekSug lghq;= lsßu i;=gqodhl ;;a;ajhl fkdmj;S' mdi, ;=< .=rejrekagiajlSh jD;a;Sh ixj¾Okh i|yd fhduq jk mßÈ lghq;= lsÍug wjia:d iïmdokhl< hq;= fõ' ta i|yd Tjqkg wjYH myiqlï i,id §u o Wkkaÿ lsÍu o l< hq;=j we;'

11' .Ks; ixl,am idOkh lr .ekSfï § l%shdldrlï mokï lr.;a bf.kqu jvdm%n, fyhska" iïm%odhsl .=re flakaøSh b.ekaùfuka ñ§ l%shdldrlï mdol b.ekaùulg.=rejrekaf.a wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= h' mdvug fhda.H" iqúfYaIS YsCIK úoHd;aull%uj,g .=rejreka fhduq úh hq;= h' iïm%odhsl b.ekaùfï rgdfjka jyd u bj;aúh hq;= fõ' .=re mqyqKqùï" fiajdia: ieis" fuu l%shdldrlï mdol b.ekaùu b,lalfldg l%shd;aul lsÍug fhdackd flf¾' f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh o Bg ifudaOdkh l<hq;= h'

100

wdY%s; .%ka:

wfímd," frda,kaâ ^2010& wOHdmkfha ufkdaúoHd;aul moku"idr m%ldYk" fldÜgdj

tÈßisxy" ohd" fmf¾rd {dkodi" ^2005& ufkda úoHd úu¾Yk"jy;aud m%ldYlfhda" foysj,

we;=., wdßhr;ak' ^1998& ixcdkkh iy ikaksfõokh"weï' ã' .=Kfiak" fld<U 11'

f,alïf.a" iqrksu,' ^2010& <udúh ixj¾Okh iy m%d:ñl wOHdmkh"

Idma .%e*sla yjqia" mkaksmsáh

Nanayakkara, G. L. S. (1992). Assessment of Pupil Achierement in PrimaryMathematies - Sri Lanka

Satgnnarajan, E. J. Paralakanthan, M, Juwarajan, D. (1990). Diagnosis andImprovement of the Pertormanc, in Mathematics of the Junior Secondary Level,Research Division, N.I.E

Lianghno, F. seng, Q. K. Yan, Z., Mei. Y.S, Mendoza,L. P. Yee L. P. Assessing Singapore students'

Attitudes Toward Mathematies and Mathematies Learning : Finding from a surveyof Lower Secondary Students. Nanyang Technological University of SingaporeTimss (1999) What Are Students' Attitudes Toward Mathematies ?International Study Center, Boston Collage.

Stastical hand book (2005 - 2007) Department of Examinations

Stastical hand book (2008 - 201-) Department of Examinations

Y%S ,xldfõ idudkH wOHdmkh ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;s rduqjla i|yd fhdackd ^2003& - cd;sl wOHdmk fldñiu1993$5 .eiÜ ksfõokh ^1997&

1995$09 pl%f,aLhwfmalaId 1998& - cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

101

oeä fiatl`.fjñ

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1' uu .Ks;h b;d m%sh lrñ'

2' .Ks;h bf.kSug uu ìh fkdfjñ'

3' wkd.;fha uu bxðfkarejrfhl=ùug wfmalaId lrñ'

4' .Ks; .eg¨ úi£ug ug by<yelshdjla we;s nj uu úYajdi lrñ'

5' ffoksl lghq;=j, § .Ks;h fhdod .ekSug uu fndfyda úg W;aidy lrñ'

6' uu .Ks;h bf.kSfuka i;=gla ,nñ'

7' .Ks; .eg¨ f;areï .ekSu ugwmyiq fõ'

8' .Ks;h wudre úIhla f,i uu lsisúfgl fkdis;ñ'

9' .Ks;h bf.kSu uq`M ðú;ld,hg u m%fhdackj;a jk nj uu úYajdi lrñ'

10' .Ks; .=re;=ud$.=re;=ñh W.kajkfoa b;d fyd¢ka ug f;af¾'

11' uf.a .Ks; .=re;=ud$.=re;=ñh ug.Ks;h yels njg úYajdi lrhs'

.Ks;h yd .Ks;h bf.kSu iïnkaO j kjh fY%aKsfha YsIHhkaf.aixcdkk ms<sn| wOHhkh - 2013

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102

oeä fiatl`. fjñ

tl`.fjñ

tl`.fkdfjñ

oeä fiaatl`.fkdfjñ

12' .Ks;hg by< idu¾:H ,nd .;yels nj" ug úYajdihs'

13.Ks;h ish¨ fokdg u b;dm%fhdackj;a úIhla nj uu úYajdi lrñ'

14' .Ks; .eg¨ lshjk úg ug ìhla oefka'15' uu wkd.;fha lsis Èfkl .Ks;h yd iïnkaO jD;a;shla f;dard fkd.ksñ'16' mka;sfha fokq ,nk ´kEu .Ks;

m%Yak m;%hlska by< ,l=Kq ,nd .;yels njg uu úYajdi lrñ'

17' .Ks; .=re;=ud$.=re;=ñh ish¨ foa lshd fokjdg uu b;d leu;shs'

18' .Ks; .=re;=ud$.=re;=ñh" .Ks;h ydiïnkaO l%shdldrlï isÿ lsÍuuu b;d m%sh lrñ'

19' .Ks; úIfha we;eï ud;Dld ugmyiq w;r we;eï ud;Dld ug ÿIalr fõ'

20'lKavdhï jev weiqfrka .Ks;hbf.kSu" uu b;d m%sh lrñ'

21' wNsfhda.d;aul .Ks; .eg¨ úi£u uu m%sh lrñ'

22'.Ks;h bf.k .kakd ld,Éfþoj, §ug uy;a mSvkhla f.k foa'

23' Wiia fm< .Ks; wxYfhkayeoEÍug uu n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjñ'

24'l%Svd weiqfrka .Ks;h bf.kSu" uub;d m%sh lrñ'

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104

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31' my; oelafjk .Ks; úIfha f;aud Tng tlfia myiq o@ ke;a o@ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''ixLHd" cHdñ;sh" ñkqï" ùc .Ks;h" l=,l yd iïNdú;dj" ixLHdkh^Tfí ms<s;=r ke; kï 32 m%Yakhg ms<s;=re imhkak'&

32' my; oelafjk .Ks; úIfha f;aud Tng myiq wkqms<sfj<g 1" 2" 3" 4" 5" 6" f,iwxl fhdoñka fm<.iajkak' ^ f;aud lsysmhla iu uÜgfï kï tajdg tlu

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105

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106

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107

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^5& uf.a mka;sfha YsIHhkag b.ekaùu b;d ÿIalr ld¾hhls'

^7& jvd;a .e<fmk jrKhg ysñ rjqu ;=< i,l=K fhdokak'

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(iv) uu .Ks;h b;d ms%h lrñ'

(v) uf.a mka;sfha YsIHfhda b;d wdYdfjka .Ks;h bf.k .ks;s'

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108

^8& uf.a N+ñldj flfrys n,mdk lreKq' jvd;a .e<fmk jrKhg ysñ rjqu ;=<

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(iii) jD;a;Sh ixj¾Okh i|yd m%udKj;a myiqlï we;'

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109

^10& miq.sh j¾I fol ;=< Tn my; oelafjk jD;a;Sh ixj¾Ok wjia:dj,g iyNd.s ù ;sfí o@

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wdldrh ffoksl j i;shlg uilg lsisfia;a jrlaj;a jrlaj;a ke;

^1& .Ks; ixl,am W.kajk wdldrh ms<sn| j

^ii) iduQysl j bf.kqï o%jH ieliSu

(iii) fjk;a .=rejrfhl=f.a mx;s ldurhla ksÍlaIKh lsÍu

(iv) udf.a mka;s ldurh ksÍlaIKh lrk f,i fjk;a .=rejrfhl=g mejÍu

110

.Ks;h yd .Ks;h bf.kSu iïnkaO j kjh fY%aKsfha

YsIHhkaf.a ixcdkk ms<sn| wOHhkh

mdi,a f;dr;=re /ia lsÍfï m;%sldj

1' msysàu1'1 m<d; (- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

1'2 Èia;%slalh (- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

1'3 l,dmh (- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

1'4 fldÜGdih (- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

1'5 m<d;a md,k n, m%foaYh (- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

uy k.r iNd k.r iNd m%dfoaYSh iNd

2' mdi, ms<sn| f;dr;=re

2'1 mdif,a ku(- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2'2mdi,a j¾.h(- 1AB 1C 2

2'3 bf.kqï udOH(- isxy, bx.%Sis fou<

2'4 mdi,(- ñY% msßñ .eyeKq

2'5 mdif,a meje;afjk mka;s(- 1 - 9 6 - 9

1 - 11 6 - 11

1 - 13 6 - 13

3' mdif,a YsIH ixLHdj (-

(i) 50g wvq

(ii) 50 - 10

(iii) 101 - 500

(iv) 501 - 1000

(v) 1001 - 2000

(vi) 2001g jeä

◯〇

weuqKqu 03

111

4' mdif,a kjh fY%aKsfha mka;s ixLHdj(-

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

5' mdif,a .=rejreka ixLHdj(-

uq¿ .=rejreka ixLHdj

(a) msßñ (b) .eyekq (c) uq¿

6' mdif,a mßirh(-

(a) m%shukdm nj

b;d m%shukdm hs -

m%shukdm hs -

m%shukdm fkdue; -

b;dm%shukdm fkdue; -

(b) .Ks;uh miqìu

.Ks;uh mqjre m%o¾Ykh lr we; -

mßirfha .Ks;uh wdlD;s k¾udKh lr we; -

.Ks;h yd iïnkaO úIh iu.dó l%shdldrlï bgqlr we; -

(c) mka;s ldurh

.;dkq.;sl l%uhg ilid we; -

lKavdhï jev i|yd ilid we; -

l%shdldrlï i|yd ilid we; -

wjYH mßÈ mka;s ldurh ilid .eksug wjldY we; -

7' fjk;a lreKq(-

112

m%Yak m;% mQ¾j mÍlaIKh i|yd fhdod .;a mdi,a ksheÈh

wkq wxlh m<d; mdi,

1 niakdysr ckdêm;s úoHd,h - uyr.u2 niakdysr fn!oaO lKsIaG úoHd,h uyr.u3 niakdysr wkq,d úoHd,h - kqf.af.dc4 niakdysr wdkkao úoHd,h - fld<U5 niakdysr i¾ fcdaka fld;,dj, úoHd,h - ms<shkao,6 niakdysr msámk úoHd,h - msámk

7 niakdysr foysj, uyd úoHd,h - foysj, (T)

8 niakdysr nïn,msáh yskaÿ úoHd,h (T)

9 W!j ÈlaW,afmd; úoHd,h - ÈlaW,afmd;10 inr.uqj háhkaf;dg uOH uyd úoHd,h - háhkaf;dg11 inr.uqj bx.sßhdj;a; uyd úoHd,h - ;e,s.u12 inr.uqj .fkam,a, lKsIaG úoHd,h - ;e,s.u

weuqKqu04weuqKqu01

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115

N.I.E/ 4.3/ 0052/ 2013

m<d;a wOHdmk wOHlaI''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' m<d;''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

.Ks;h yd .Ks;h bf.kSu iïnkaOj kjh fY%aKsfha

YsIHhskaf.a ixcdkk ms<sn| wOHhkh

Wla; uefhka §m jHdma; wOHhkhla 2013 j¾Ifha § isÿ lsÍug cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha§ isÿ lsÍug cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha .Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=j ;SrKh lr we;' fuu wOHhkhi|yd Tn m<df;ka my; oElafjk l,dmj,g wh;a mdi,a '''''''''''''''''''' la wyUq f,i f;dardf.kwe;s nj i;=áka oekqï foñ'

fuu ld¾hfha § mdi,aj,g f.dia o;a; /ia lsÍu i|yd iqÿiq iïm;a mqoa.,hska lsyasmfofkl=f.a fiajh wm fj; ,nd §ug lghq;= lrk f,i ldreKsl j b,a,d isáñ'

Tn m<df;ka f;dard f.k wE;s mdi,a1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 7' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 8' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 9' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''4' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 10' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''5' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 11' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''6' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 12' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Un úiska kï lrkq ,nk iïm;a mqoa.,hskaf.a kï we;=<;a lr tu wuqKd we;s m;s%ldj wOHlaIckrd,a yryd 2013' 06' 30 Èkg fmr my; i|yka ,smskh ,eîug i,iajk fuka b,a,d isáñ'

wOHlaI .Ks; u.ska.Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=jcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khÿrl:kh # 0117601601- 861

fuu m;s%ldj túh hq;= ,smskhÔ' t,a' lreKdr;akfcIaG wOHdmk{.Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=jc;sl wOHdmk wdh;khuyr.uÿrl:kh - 0117601601

weuqKqu 07

116

.Ks;h yd .Ks;h bf.kSu iïnkaO j kjh fY%aKsfha isiqkaf.a ixcdkk

ms<sn| wOHhkh - 2013

ÿfõ" mqf;a"

fuu wOHhkh wm rfÜ .Ks; wOHdmkh ms<sn| j fidhd ne,Su i|yd isÿ lrkq

,nkakls' Tn cd;sl ld¾hhlg iyNd.s jk fyhska fuu m%Yak m;%hg b;d

ie,ls,af,ka ms<s;=re imhk f,i wms Tfnka b,a,d isáuq'

;jo Tn ,nd .kakd ,l====Kq lsisu wdldrhlska Tng n, fkdmdk nj o i,lkak'

wOHhk lKavdhu

.Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=j

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

ku # ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

mdi, # ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

l,dmh # ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

m<d; # .......................................................................

weuqKqu 08

117

YsIH m%Yak m;%h - 1 fldgi ish¨ u m%Yakj,g fuu m;%fha u ms<s;=re imhkak'

tla tla m%Yakfha ksjerÈ ms<s;=rg ysñ wxlh jgd rjqula wÈkak'

1& 5'68 m<uq oYuia:dkhg jghkak'

(i) 5'6 (ii) 5'7 (iii) 5 (iv) 5'8

my; oelafjk ixLHd; jHdma;sh weiqßka m%Yak wxl 2& yd 3& m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

tla;rd fjf<| wdh;khlg udihla ;=< meñKs mdßfNda.slhska ixLHdj oelafjk ixLHd; jHdma;shla my; j.=fjka oelafõ'

meñKs mdßfNda.slhska Èk .KkixLHdj

51 554 1256 662 475 3

^2& jeä u Èk .Kkla meñKs mdßfNda.slhska ixLHdj jkafka"

(i) 75ls' (ii) 12ls' (iii) 62ls' (iv) 54ls'

^3& fj<| wdh;khg meñKs mdßfNda.slhska ixLHdfõ mrdih ,nd .; yels jkafka"

i 75-51 u.sks'

ii 75+51 u.sks'

75 51

iii 2

u.sks'

75 51

iv 2

u.sks '

118

my; oelafjk jDka; m;% igyk weiqßka m%Yak wxl 4& yd 5& m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

l=vd <uqka 20 fofkl=f.ka hq;a lKAvdhul tla tla <uhdf.a Wi (cm) j,ska we;=<;ajDka; m;% igykla my; oelafõ'

jDka;h m;%h6 0 1 1 27 0 3 3 3 48 1 2 5 5 5 59 0 0 1 2 8

^4& wvqu Wiska hq;a <uhdf.a Wi fikaáógr lSh o@

i 6cm ii 0cm iii 60cm iv 1cm

^5& jeäu Wiska hq;a <uhdf.a Wi fikaáógr lSh o@

i 9cm ii 98cm iii 90cm iv 8cm

^6& jD;a;hl È.ska jeä u cHdh yeòskafjk ku l=ula o@

i& wrh îi& úYalïNh iii& pdmh îv) mßêh

^7&3 5 5

4 12 6 fuu .eg¨j iq¿ lsÍfï § isiqka lsysm fofkl= ,sshd we;s B<`. mshjr

my; oelafõ'

(a) 3 5 6

4 12 5 (b)

9 5 5

12 6

(c)

9 5 6

12 5

by; ,shd we;s mshjr w;=ßka ksjeros wjia:dj l=ula o@

i& a îi& b îii& c îv) b yd c

^8& 345 000 úoHd;aul wxlkfhka ,shkak '

i& 3'45 « 103 ii& 3'45 «105 iii& 3'45 « 104 îv) 0'345 « 106

^9& my; § we;s l=,l w;=ßka wNsY+kH l=,lhla jkafka l=ula o@

(i) {1 ;a 10;a w;r jQ T;af;a ixLHd}

(ii) { 0 }

(iii) {Èh f.dv foflys u jik i;a;=}

(iv) {Tfí mka;sfha isák jhi wjqreÿ 10g wvq isiqka}

119

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

3

2

1

>>

x

y

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

3

2

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-2

-3

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>

x

y i ii

iii iv

^11& .%skSÉ fõ,dj 1400h jk úg Y%S ,xldfõ fõ,dj lSh o@

^Y%S ,xldj 1

52

ld, l,dmfha msysgd we;&

i 0830h ii 1930h iii 1900h iv 0930h

^12& LKavdxl ;,fha oelafjk P ,laIHfha LKavdxlh l=ula úh yels o@

i 12, 12

ii 8, 8

iii 8, 12

iv 12, 8

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

3

2

1

>

>

x

y

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3

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^10& my; § we;s m%ia;dr w;ßka 3y f¾Ldj ksrEmKh lr we;s m%ia;drh l=ula o@

-1

-2

-3

-1

-2

-3

-1

-2

-3

120

^13& rEmfha oelafjkafka tla;rd rgdjlg ms`.ka .fvd,a w;=rd we;s wdldrhls' fuh"

(i) Y=oaO fgi,dlrKhls'

îi) w¾O Y=oaO fgi,dlrKhls'

(iii) iúê fgi,dlrKhls'

(iv) fgi,dlrKhla fkdfõ'

14& ixhqla; ;, rEm folla my; oelafõ'

my; oelafjk m%ldY w;=frka ksjerÈ m%ldYh f;darkak'

i& a rEmfha mßñ;sh yd b rEmfha mßñ;sh iudk fõ'

ii& a rEmfha mßñ;sh b rEmfha mßñ;shg jvd úYd, fõ'

iii& a rEmfha mßñ;shb rEmfha mßñ;shg jvd wvq fõ'

îv& i&" ii&" iii& ms<s;=re tllaj;a i;H fkdfõ'

^15& 3100 , cm l j,ska olajkak

i) 100l ii) 1000l ^ iii) 0'1l îv) 4l

^16& ir, f¾Ld folla fþokh ùfuka iEfok ´kEu noaO fldaK hq.,hla

iïnkaOfhka ksjeros m%ldYh l=ula o@

î) mßmQrl fõ îi) wkqmQrl fõ îii) iudk fõ îv) wiudk fõ

a b

^17& iór <`. we;s kjl;d fmd;a .Kk WÈ; <`. we;s kjl;d fmd;a .Kkg 10la tl;=lsÍfuka ,efnk w.fhka yß wvls' WÈ; <`. kjl;d fmd;a x ixLHdjla ;snqfKakï" iór <`. we;s kjl;d fmd;a ixLHdj ksjerÈ j olajd we;s m%ldYkh l=ula o@

10

i 2

x ii 2 10x x

10iii

2

xx

iv 2 10x

121

T

P

RQ

P

Q 6 m

T

6 m

R

6 m

P

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-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5>

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6 m

6 m

>

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>

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)

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^18& PQ yd QR hkq bvul hdno udhsï folls' PQ yd QR udhsï folg iudk ÿrlskamsysgk fia o " Q isg 6 m la ÿßka msysgk fia o" ksji ;ekSu i|yd lKqjla( T ) iú lsÍug whs;slreg wjYHj we;' tu lKqj oelafjk ksjerÈ rEm igykmy; oelafjk rEm igyka w;=ßka f;darkak'

i) ii)

iii) iv)

^19& 1 4x wiudk;dfõ úi÷u ixLHd f¾Ldj u; ksjerÈ j ksrEmKh lr we;s

ms<s;=r l=ula o@

^20& rEmfha § we;af;a >kjia;=jl m;frduls' bka ;eksh yels >kjia;=fõ uqyqK;a

.Kk" odr .Kk iy YS¾I .Kk ms<sfj<ska"

i& 5" 9" 6 ls' ii& 3" 9" 8 ls' ^iii& 5" 10" 7 ls' ^iv& 5" 8" 6 ls'

122

^21& my; § we;s fjka rEmh i,lkak'

§ we;s fjka rEmhg wkqj my; § we;s m%ldYkj,ska i;H jkafka l=ula o@

(i) u P (ii) j P (iii) g P (iv) v

^22& my; oelafjk ldKav w;=ßka l=,lhla fkdjkafka l=ula o@

(i) {2g wvq m%:ul ixLHd}

(ii) {150cm g jvd Wiska wvq Tfí mka;sfha isák isiqka}

(iii) {lKavdhï l%Svd}

(iv) {iqj| u,a}

^23& r;= fnda, 3la iy iqÿ fnda, 3la iys; Ndckhlska wyUq f,i fnda,hla bj;g .kakd,§' bj;g .;a fnda,h r;= tlla ùfï isoaêhg 0 - 1 mßudKhg wkqj ,l=Kq m%odkhl< úg tys w.h úh yelafla"

(i) 0 ls (ii) 1 ls (iii) 1

2ls (iv) 0'3 ls

^24& my; oelafjk >kldNfha È." >klfha È. fuka ;=ka.=Khla o m<," >klfhaÈ. fuka fo.=Khla o Wi" >klfha Wi u o fõ'

my; oelafjk m%ldY w;=frka ksjerÈ m%ldYh f;darkak'

i& >kldNfha mßudj >klfha mßudj fuka yh.=Khls'

ii& >kldNfha mßudj >klfha mßudj fuka fo.=Khls'

iii& >kldNfha mßudj >klfha mßudj fuka 12 .=Khls'

iv& >kldNfha mßudj >klfha mßudj fuka ;=ka.=Khls'

Pj r

,u

g

<

123

^25& nixLHdjg 6la tl;= lr th 7ka .=K l< úg ,efnk w.h 41la fõ' fuu iïnkaO;djksjerÈ j olajd we;s iólrKh l=ula o@

i 7 6 41n ii 7 6 41n iii 7 6 41n iv 7 6 41n

^26& c,h ,Sg¾ 1l ialkaOh1kg ls' c,h ,Sgr 500l ialkaOh fuá%la fgdkaj,ska olajkak'

i 500 t 1

i i 2t iii 2 t iv 5t

^27& Èkl § lsishï fõ,djla ;=< ;eme,a ld¾hd,hlg ,enqKq úÿ,s mKsúv 23l wvx.=uOHkH jpk m%udKh 15la úh' Bg meh nd.hlg miq jpk 13la yd 17 lska hq;a úÿ,smKsúv folla ,enqKs kï túg úÿ,s mKsúvhl wvx.= uOHkH jpk m%udKh

(i) 15g jeäh (ii) 15g wvqh (iii) 15 ls (iv) lsj fkdyels h

^28&2.4

0.2x

1.2

0.1y

by; § we;s x yd y w.hka iïnkaO j my; § we;s m%ldY w;=frka ksjerÈ m%ldYh

l=ula o@

(i) 2.4 1.2 ksid x ys w.h y ys w.hg jvd úYd, fõ'

(ii) 0.2 0.1 ksid x ys y w.hg jvd l=vd fõ'

(iii) 0.2 0.1 ksid x ys y w.hg jvd úYd, fõ'

(iv) iq¿ l< úg tlu w.h ,efnk ksid x ys w.h y ys w.hg iudk fõ'

^29& ixLHd wkql%u foll fmdÿ mo my; oelafõ'

a ) fmdÿ moh 2 n b ) fmdÿ moh 2 1n

fuu ixLHd wkql%u fofla u mo úh yels 50 g wvq ixLHd .Kk lSh o@

(i) 1 (ii) 3 (iii) 2 (iv) 4

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Department of Mathematics

National Institute of Education

Maharagama

07 March 2013

Dean

Faculty of Education

University of Colombo

Colombo – 03

A study on junior secondary level students’ perception on Mathematics and

Learning of Mathematics

We are pleased to inform you that we have organized a discussion on above topic on 13th

March 2013 from 09.00 am to 04.00 pm at the department of Mathematics, National

Institute of Education. The aim of the discussion is to finalize the research proposal of

the above study.

We would like to invite Professor W. Chandradasa of your faculty for this discussion.

Kindly make arrangements for him to participate on this discussion.

Your cooperation in this regard is greatly appreciated.

Thank you!

…………………………..

Assistant Director General

Science and Technology faculty

National Institute of Education

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