jean jacques rousseau by: cammie smith, annie fox, allegra craver, and lizzy alban

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Jean Jacques Rousseau By: Cammie Smith, Annie Fox, Allegra Craver, and Lizzy Alban

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Page 1: Jean Jacques Rousseau By: Cammie Smith, Annie Fox, Allegra Craver, and Lizzy Alban

Jean Jacques Rousseau

By: Cammie Smith, Annie Fox, Allegra Craver, and Lizzy Alban

Page 2: Jean Jacques Rousseau By: Cammie Smith, Annie Fox, Allegra Craver, and Lizzy Alban

Biography❖ Birth: Geneva, Switzerland June 28, 1712❖ Upbringing:

➢ Isaac Rousseau- clockmaker➢ Suzanne Bernard- died July 7th, 1712➢ Raised by father

■ Isaac left Geneva➢ Raised by Uncle

■ Sent to study in Bosey with cousin➢ 1725: apprenticeship as an engraver➢ 1728: left Geneva and went to France

Page 3: Jean Jacques Rousseau By: Cammie Smith, Annie Fox, Allegra Craver, and Lizzy Alban

❖ Post-Adolescence and Adulthood➢ 1728: became secretary to Madame Louise

de Warens■ Helped develop his taste for music

➢ 1732: worked as a music teacher in Chambery, France

➢ 1740: worked as a tutor➢ 1742: moved to Paris, became a musician

and composer

Biography (Cont.)

Page 4: Jean Jacques Rousseau By: Cammie Smith, Annie Fox, Allegra Craver, and Lizzy Alban

➢ 1742: met and befriended Denis Diderot➢ 1745: moved back to Paris (after living in

Venice for two years)■ Became a music teacher

➢ 1768: married Therese Levasseur■ Had five children with her

❖ Death: Ermenonville, France July 2, 1778

Biography (Cont.)

Page 5: Jean Jacques Rousseau By: Cammie Smith, Annie Fox, Allegra Craver, and Lizzy Alban

❖ Education:➢ Little formal education

■ Father taught him to read❖ Famous Works:

➢ 1750: Discourse on the Arts and Sciences

➢ 1761: Julie or the New Heloise➢ 1762: The Social Contract➢ 1762: Emile, or on Education

Biography (Cont.)

Page 6: Jean Jacques Rousseau By: Cammie Smith, Annie Fox, Allegra Craver, and Lizzy Alban

❖ State of nature

➢ Intellectual exercise, meant to observe human nature

➢ Trying to imagine man without society, or culture

➢ Humans in their most natural state❖ Rousseau’s Beliefs

➢ Human nature is similar to animal nature

➢ Two main things set man apart from animals1) Free Agency -“Perfectibility”: natural openness to change

-Human nature has always changed over time and will always change

2) Compassion-Man is the sensitive creature therefore they are naturally good

Rousseau’s State of Nature

Page 7: Jean Jacques Rousseau By: Cammie Smith, Annie Fox, Allegra Craver, and Lizzy Alban

According to Rousseau society causes man to lose their natural goodness. The civilized man is greedy and calculating.

Why?1) Property

-Market based economy created inequalities amongst human beings *These inequalities cause man to be greedy and calculating

-Property is the basis of society therefore society is what causes man to

lose it’s natural goodness2) Inequality

-The true cause of all our discontent-Amour propre: inspires man to value him/her self more than others

*Pride, vanity, contempt, shame envy*Born out of comparison, and awareness of the difference

How did society make man “bad”?

Page 8: Jean Jacques Rousseau By: Cammie Smith, Annie Fox, Allegra Craver, and Lizzy Alban

Representative VS. Direct Democracy

Representative Direct

Citizens vote for a small group of people to represent them in government

ALL citizens are involved in making governmental decisions

Citizens have to trust the group to make the right decisions

Everyone gets a direct say

Example: British government today. Citizens elect members of Parliament to make decisions

Example: New England town meetings. Anyone can come and have their voice be heard in the decision making process

Page 9: Jean Jacques Rousseau By: Cammie Smith, Annie Fox, Allegra Craver, and Lizzy Alban

❖ Main ideas➢ All people must enter a “social contract”

■ Forfeit some rights for the community■ “Every man having been born free and master

of himself, no one else may under any pretext whatever subject him without his consent. To assert that the son of a slave is born a slave is to assert that he is not born a man.”

■ Gov. acts for the best of the GENERAL WILL■ If Gov. does not protect and act in best interest

of the people, the people have the right to overthrow and replace that gov.

The Social Contract (1762)

Page 10: Jean Jacques Rousseau By: Cammie Smith, Annie Fox, Allegra Craver, and Lizzy Alban

❖ English gov. not acting in the best interest of the colonists they should have the right to overthrow them and replace it with their own.

❖ Idea of General Will = democracy

Influence on America’s Separation from England