jean-pierre de greve vrije universiteit brussel, brussels, belgium [email protected] j.p. de greve,...
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International mobility in higher education in Europe:
trends, hurdles, incentives
Jean-Pierre DE GREVEVrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
J.P. DE GREVE, VUB, BRUSSELS 2012.03.08 9 th China Study Abroad Forum, Beijing
欧洲高等教育国际学生流动趋势、阻碍、 激励
32 countries in Europe欧洲 32 国国际学生概况
1.5 million foreign students enrolled in 2006 - 2007
50.9% internationalglobal student market
Large growth:1998-1999 2006-2007
between 50% and
82%
*Teichler, Ferencz ,Wächter, 2011
United KingdomGermanyFrance
2/3of all foreign students*
*Teichler, Ferencz ,Wächter, 2011
英德法三国拥有欧洲2/3 的外国学生
Outgoing mobility of Chinese students to Europe* (share of entrants by destination)
* Chinese MoE 2008
中国学生在欧洲国家留学目的地分布情况
FranceGermanyUnited Kingdom
Case study:Belgium: international students
All students: 393 687Female: 57 %,Foreign: 47 218 (12%)
Countries:
1. France (37.9%) 2. Netherlands (7.3%)3. Morocco (5.6%) ….. 8. China (2.5%)
Fields of study:
1. Health&Welfare (34.7%)
2. Social Sci, Bus & Law (23.3%)
3. Humanities&Art (14.4%);
4. Engineering (7.9%)5. Science (7.1%)
比利时国际学生概况
2007-2008
2006-2007
2005-2006
2004-2005
2003-2004
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Trend ~13%
Trend credit mobility (EU ERASMUS Program) Incoming: small countries
Belgium
Cyprus
Estonia
Romania
欧盟伊拉斯谟学生流动趋势（小国流入）
2008-2009
2007-2008
2006-2007
2005-2006
2004-2005
2003-2004
2002-2003
2001-2002
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000
Trend ~40%
Trend credit mobility (EU ERASMUS Program) Incoming: large countries
Germany
Austria
Spain
欧盟伊拉斯谟学生流动趋势（大国流入）
General Hurdles In and Out
lack of information Universitylow motivation, little to no personal interest Uinadequate financial support Governmentforeign language skills deficiencies Uinsufficient time in curriculum Ulegal barriers (visa and immigration) G problems gaining recognition of credits* abroad
U+G
*Credits: awarded for successful completion of courses
学生流动障碍
Possible remedies
Financial incentives: portable grants and loans
Curricular incentives: ECTS, diploma supplement
More mobility windows (incl. internships/thesis)
Personal incentives (professors, authorities)
可行的解决方法
The future: a new EC policy (2014)
one programme ‘ERASMUS for All’ ( 全民伊拉斯谟计划 )
increased efficiency, easier application, reduced duplication and fragmentation.
study, training, teaching and volunteering opportunities abroad
support for IT platforms, such as e-twinning
Overall budget:
€19 billion Euro ( 约 160 亿元人民币 ) over 7 years
€1.8 billion ( 约 15 亿元人民币 ) for international cooperation
欧盟委员会 2014 年的新政策
1. Learning opportunities
both within the EU and beyondEuropeans can go anywhere in the worldnon-European students and staff : study, teach
and learn in Europe (mostly neighboring countries)
2.2 million students二百二十万 学生
更多学习机会
2. Institutional cooperation
employability, creativity and entrepreneurship 受雇能力、创造力 和 企业家的培养
development and implementation of innovative practices in education, training and youth activities
University Business
创新实践
机构间的合作
3. Support for policy reform in Member States and cooperation with non-EU countries
in 27 Member Statescooperation with non-EU countries
支持欧盟成员国政策改革以及与非欧盟国家的合作
Two novelties
A loan guarantee scheme for Master's degree students to finance their studies abroad
The creation of 400 'knowledge alliances' and 'sector skills alliances'.- large-scale partnerships between higher education institutions and businesses - creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship
知识 联盟
两个新政策
Case study: Internationalisation at VUB 布鲁塞尔自由大学国际化进程
1927 Solvay Conference
Brussels, heart of Europe布鲁塞尔 欧洲首都
International Relations & Mobility OfficeEducation:
- Research oriented and research integrated approach(Chinese students: 98 Master, 76 PhD and Postdoc; 4th country with 7% of total student population)- English taught Master programmes (Engineering, Computer Science, Communication Sciences, …), Specific bridge programmes (BICCS)
Programs:- Erasmus Mundus , ASEM Duo, Internships
Projects: - Joint PhD’s, Trans Continental Internship Program, Summer School
Strategic efforts 2012-2016Extra incentives for faculty mobilityReform of curriculumAdditional mobility grantsOn-campus mobility fair (twice a year)International internship campaignInternational alumni networks
Thank you!
J.P. DE GREVE, VUB, BRUSSELS 2012.03.08 9 th China Study Abroad Forum, Beijing