jefferson’s presidency (1800- 1808). major campaign issues alien and sedition acts increase in...
TRANSCRIPT
Major Campaign Issues
Alien and Sedition Acts Increase in taxes Heavy defense
expenditures Reduction of trade with
France Anti-British sentiment
over impressment of American seamen
Electoral Tie!
Jefferson-Burr receive 73 votes each
House of Representatives decides Presidency- Hamilton supports Jefferson
Burr is elected Vice-President
12th Amendment
1800 Election demonstrated the inadequacy of the Constitution
Proposed the separate balloting of president and vice-president
Washington, D.C.
1791- Pierre L’Enfant, a French architect, designed the layout of the city
He fought in the American Revolution
He, along with Washington, designed the White House
District of Columbia
Adams was the first to move in, 1800
Jefferson first full-term president to live in the White House
DC stands for District of Columbia. It is called District of Columbia, because it was built on land of the Territory of Columbia, a 10 square mile piece of land, that used to be part of Virginia and Maryland. The territory of Columbia was named such after Christopher Columbus.
Jefferson’s Inaugural Address
Stressed the limited government
Support of states’ rights Preservation of civil
liberties “Peace, commerce and
friendship with all nations, and entangling alliances with none”
Jefferson rode his own horse to the inauguration to prove he was different.
Jeffersonian Democracy
Goals-liberty-equality-strong local government-reduce national debt-agriculture based economy-expand U.S. territory-anti-war
Reality-racist
-loose interpretation of Constitution
-regulated national economy
-led U.S. to brink of war
Events Leading to the Louisiana Purchase
1800 Spain gives France (Napoleon) back the Louisiana territory
1803-Napoleon loses interest in American empire Spanish officials still in New Orleans – closed New
Orleans to Americans Jefferson feared the threat of an imperial power
and possible trade restrictions on the Mississippi Jefferson sends ministers to France to purchase
New Orleans and West Florida – they ended up with the entire territory
Constitutional Question No clause explicitly stated that a president could purchase foreign landJefferson submits the purchase agreement to Senate arguing the lands could be added to U.S. as an application of the Presidential power to make treaties
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Scientific exploration of the Louisiana Territory
Strengthened U.S. Claims to Oregon
Improved American Indian Relations
Developed maps for settlers and fur trappers
John Marshall
Federalist appointed by Adams before leaving office
His decisions strengthen the role of the Supreme Court at the expense of state’s rights
Marbury v. Madison Jefferson wanted to block the appointment of
“midnight judges” by Adams Directed Madison to refuse to deliver the
commission to William Marbury Marbury sued – does not get his commission Marshall Ruled the Judiciary Act of 1789
unconstitutional By ruling a law of Congress unconstitutional
Marshall established the doctrine of “judicial review”
Supreme Court could now overrule actions of the other two branches – extended their power
Aaron Burr
Not re-elected – plotted against
Jefferson with his party “Quids” Federal Conspiracy
Burr planned to win governorship of New York and unite 5 New England states to form a Northern Confederacy
Burr was defeated in New York conspiracy failed upon Burr’s defeat
Burr angered by Hamilton’s
remarks – they duel- Hamilton dies
Aaron Burr (cont.)
Burr leaves after Hamilton’s death goes to New Orleans
Burr conspires with Gen. Wilkinson – either to establish an independent republic or seizure of territory in Spanish America
Tried for treason – not guilty – ruined his career and reputation
Jefferson’s Second Term
Difficulties Abroad
•Challenges to U.S. Neutrality
•Britain and France regularly seize the ships of neutral nations and confiscate cargo – chief offender Britain
•Britain is capturing American sailors and impressing (forcing) them to serve in British navy
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
British ship Leopard fired on U.S. ship Chesapeake
3 Americans killed; 4 others impressed into British navy
Anti-British sentiment HIGH
Embargo Act 1807
Reaction to French and British violations of neutrality
Prohibited American merchant ships from sailing to any foreign port
Jefferson hoped British would stop violating the rights of neutral nations rather than lose U.S. trade
Embargo backfired – hurt U.S. economy
Jefferson’s Presidential Record
First Term Reduced the size of federal government, repealed
excise taxes, lowered the national debt by a third Louisiana Purchase – doubled the size of the
countrySecond Term Foreign affairs preoccupied Jefferson - Napoleonic
wars -attempted to avoid a policy of either appeasement or war by the use of economic pressure –which was a failure
Non-Intercourse Act 1809
Jefferson repeals Embargo Act U.S. ships can now trade with all nations
except Britain and France President can authorize trade with Britain
or France when they cease violating neutrality rights