jen allen ethnocultural crop ipm
TRANSCRIPT
IPM of Ethnocultural Crops
Jennifer AllenVegetable Crop Specialist
OMAFRA - Guelph
Growing Ethnocultural Crops
If you grow it, they will come…..
What is IPM?
• IPM incorporates a variety of cultural, biological and chemical methods to efficiently manage pest populations while lowering dependence on chemical means of control.
• IPM, through its multi-tactical approach 1) lessens the potential for pesticide resistance 2) reduces chemical costs 3) limits human exposure to pesticides and 4) lowers the environmental impact of pest management.
IPM and Ethnocultural Crops
• Wonderful opportunity!
• Limited products registered in Canada
• Focus on cultural controls and allow the build up biological control agents (e.g. natural enemies, predators, and parasitoids)
Today’s Focus
• Indian Tinda
• Indian Okra
• Indian Karela
• Calalloo
• Choy Sum
• Oriental Eggplant
Indian Tinda
• Scientific Name: Praecitrullus fistulosus• Common Names: round melon, squash melon,
apple gourd, Indian baby pumpkin
• Plant Family: Cucurbit• Uses: Culinary, Medicinal • Growing Practices: - very similar to
watermelons - irrigation
- pollination- 60 days to maturity
Indian Tinda
Indian Tinda
• Pest Complex:
– downy mildew, powdery mildew, bacterial wilt, fusarium wilt
– aphids, mites, thrips, cucumber beetles
– weeds
IPM for Indian Tinda
• Cultural– 2-3 yr rotation out of cucurbits– avoid planting near other cucurbits
• Biological– support natural populations of lacewings, ladybird
beetles, ground beetles
• Chemical– no registered products in Canada
Biological Control Agents
Lacewings Ladybird beetles Hover flies Ground beetles
Indian Okra
• Scientific Name: Abelmoschus esculentus• Common Names: calalou, gumbo, ocra• Plant Family: Mallow• Uses: Culinary, Medicinal, Fiber• Growing Practices: - direct seeding/transplant
- variety of soil types- many varieties;
focus on growing area- 50 days (from
transplant)
Indian Okra
Indian Okra
• Pest Complex:
– In Ontario: unknown
– In U.S:
- flea beetles, cucumber beetles, corn earworm, loopers (foliage and pod feeders)
- fusarium wilt, powdery mildew, nematodes
- weeds
IPM for Indian Okra
• Cultural– 2-3 yr rotation– do not follow crops that are attractive/susceptible to
root-knot nematode– crop debris management– use of protective coverings
• Chemical– no registered products in Canada
Indian Karela
• Scientific Name: Momordica charantia• Common Names: bitter melon, bitter cucumber,
balsam pear, alligator pear, cerasse
• Plant Family: Cucurbit• Uses: Culinary and medicinal • Growing Conditions:- warm, humid summers
- transplants- trellising
- irrigation- pollination- 65-70 days from transplant
Indian Karela
Indian Karela
• Pest Complex:
– downy mildew, powdery mildew, bacterial wilt, fusarium wilt
– aphids, mites, thrips, cucumber beetles
– weeds
IPM for Indian Karela
• Cultural– 2-3 yr rotation away from cucurbits– plant away from other cucurbits– trap crops an option for cucumber beetles
• Biological– no specific predators/parasitoids; similar generalists to tinda
• Chemical– use only registered products (herbicide and fungicide)– no established thresholds
Calaloo
• Scientific Name: Amaranthus gangeticus• Common Names: Chinese spinach, edible
amaranth, bayam• Plant Family: Amaranth• Uses: Culinary, Grain • Growing Conditions: - currently grown in Ontario
- muck and mineral soils - seeded in June- 25-50 days to maturity; variety specific- sequentially planted
Calaloo
Calaloo
• Pest Complex:
– tarnished plant bug, flea beetles, leafminers
– fungus stem and leaf blights
– weeds
IPM for Calaloo
• Cultural– 2-3 yr rotation– grow under cover
• Biological– generalists (e.g. ground beetle, ladybird beetles etc.)– minimize insecticide applications at beginning of season
• Chemical– no established thresholds – use only registered products
Choy Sum
• Scientific Name: Brassica rapa var. parachinensis
• Common Names: Flowering white cabbage, tsoi sim, yu choy sum
• Plant Family: Brassicas• Uses: Culinary • Growing Conditions: - currently grown in Ontario
- muck and mineral soils - not frost hardy- 40 days to maturity- sequentially planted
Choy Sum
Choy Sum
• Pest Complex:
– anything that likes brassicas, including broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower will feed on choy sum
– caterpillar complex (ICW, DBM, CL), flea beetles, swede midge, thrips
– downy mildew, powdery mildew, alternaria, white rust
– weeds
IPM for Choy Sum • Cultural
– 3 yr rotation out of brassicas– field selection– crop residue management– good weed management– timing of planting dates (e.g. flea beetle)
• Biological– generalists and some species specific predators/parasitoids – minimize insecticide applications at beginning of season; use
biological insecticides• Chemical
– established thresholds on other brassicas– use only registered products
Oriental Eggplant
• Scientific Name: Solanum melongena var. esculentum
• Includes: Chinese, Indian, Japanese, Thai
• Plant Family: Solaneceous• Uses: Culinary and medicinal • Growing Conditions: - seeds or transplants -
support systems- drip irrigation/fertigation- mulches- 58-65 days to maturity
Oriental Eggplant
Oriental Eggplant
• Pest Complex:
– anthracnose, early blight, verticilium wilt
– Colorado potato beetles, flea beetles, cutworms, tarnished plant bug, European corn borer
– weeds
IPM for Oriental Eggplant
• Cultural– 3 yr rotation out of solaneaceous crops– place plantings away from previous fields and away from corn– crop debris destruction
• Biological– generalists– minimize insecticide applications
• Chemical– no established thresholds but scouting is critical to pesticide
timing – number of products (see Pub. 363)
Summary
• Planning is critical for an effective IPM program
• Take cues from how we grow crops in the same family
• Learn as much as you can before you start
• Become good friends with your seed supplier!