jessica garisch, phd marc wilson, associate professor
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Jessica Garisch, PhD Marc Wilson, Associate Professor. Predictors of NSSI among New Zealand university students: Cross-lag panel correlations between NSSI and various inter- and intrapersonal risk and protective factors. Overview. NSSI - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Jessica Garisch, PhDMarc Wilson, Associate Professor
Predictors of NSSI among New Zealand university students: Cross-lag panel
correlations between NSSI and various inter- and
intrapersonal risk and protective factors.
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Overview
NSSI Self-performed, deliberate destruction of body tissue without suicidal intent. No accepted within person’s culture.
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Methodology
Participants (surveyed twice, c. 4 months apart) Matched sample: 322 (223 female) (mean age: 19.90 years, SD
5.76)
Measures Deliberate self-harm inventory (7 items) Toronto Alexithymia Scale (9 items) Zung depression and anxiety scales (3 items each) Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (2 items) Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale – Revised (3 items) 4 items assessing substance abuse Barrett Impulsivity Scale II (6 items) Resilience measure (3 items) Schutte (adaptive use of emotions) (12 items)
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Findings: Prevalence
Lifetime prevalence (at T1 in 1st year of survey; N= 593): Females: 46.1% Males: 38.4%
Between the survey administrations 17.3% of participants (N=322) reported having engaged in NSSI
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Correlations
Correlations between T1 predictor variables and T2 NSSI
T1 Predictor T2 NSSI
Alexithymia .34***
Self-esteem -.18**
Depression .40**
Anxiety .34***
Resilience -.31***
Mindfulness -.34***
Impulsivity .19***
**p<.01; ***p<.001
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Cross-lag correlations: Direct relationship
NSSI NSSI
AnxietyAnxiety
NSSINSSI
Depression Depression
.34***
.50***
.11***
.17*** .13*
.04
.36***
.63***
T1 T2 T1 T2
**p<.01; ***p<.001
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Cross-lag correlations: Direct relationship
Anxiety
Depression Depression
Anxiety
.20***
.37***
.43***
.20**
NSSI NSSI
.12**
.11 ͣ�
.10 ͣ� ͣ-.01
.55***
?
�ͣ ͣp<.10; ͣ*p<.05; **p<.01; ***p<.001
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Cross-lag correlations: Direct relationship
NSSI NSSI
ResilienceResilience
NSSINSSI
Self-esteem Self-esteem
.37***
.80***
-.02
-.12* -.23*
-.03 ͣ�
.35***
.42***
T1 T2 T1 T2
NSSI
mindfulnessmindfulness
NSSI ͣ.35***
.61***
-.08*
-.14**
1. ͣNSSI ͣresults ͣin...↓ ͣSelf-esteem↓ ͣResilience ͣ↓ ͣMindfulness ͣ ͣ
2. ͣLow ͣmindfulness ͣlinked ͣto ͣfuture ͣNSSI
T1 T2
�ͣ ͣp<.10; ͣ*p<.05; **p<.01; ***p<.001
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Cross-lag correlations: Travel alongside
NSSI NSSI
ImpulsivityImpulsivity
NSSINSSI
Alexithymia Alexithymia
.33***
.68***
.05
.04
.04
.03
.37***
.74***
T1 T2 T1 T2
NSSI
Substance ͣabuse
Substance ͣabuse
NSSI ͣ.40***
.92***
.06 ͣ� ͣ
.01
T1 T2 T1 T2
Adaptive ͣuse ͣof ͣemotions
Adaptive ͣuse ͣof ͣemotions
NSSINSSI.35***
.54***
-.07 ͣ�
-.00
�ͣ ͣp<.10; ͣ*p<.05; **p<.01; ***p<.001
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Implications for treatment
What are the active ingredients in change?
Correlates: not all causal + necessary targets for therapy
Addressing the direct causal factors will potentially have a knock-on effect on other risk factors that travel alongside NSSI
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Implications for treatment: DBT
Importance of stabilising mood Distress Tolerance Emotion regulation
Importance of mindfulness Regular mindfulness practice Wise mind v. Emotion mind
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Summary
Depression and mindfulness were directly linked to higher rates of NSSI over time.
NSSI was directly linked to greater symptoms of anxiety, depression, lower self-esteem, lower resilience and lower mindfulness over time.
Alexithymia, adaptive use of emotions, impulsivity and substance abuse did not have a significant direct relationship with NSSI over time, or vice versa.
Depression and mindfulness as key targets in interventions