jessie grace u. rubrico, phd facilitator...puta (whore) is referred to as babaeng mababa ang lipad...
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Jessie Grace U. Rubrico, PhD Facilitator Part 1 of 3
speech community sharing a common language
social orientations : basis for variations in language use
social dialects or sociolects
Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
speech community
social orientation
sociolects Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
socioeconomic status/social class
ethnicity
religion
gender
age
Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
•less education •manual labor
working class
•higher education •non-manual
middle class
•lower class •upper class
economic status
Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
patterns of speech
(dissimilar)
shift styles (modify speech)
reduce social
distance
convergence (accomodation)
divergence (maintain SD)
Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
motivation: prestige modifying speech styles > shift, upward.
motivation of the ethnic minorities in the community to learn the dominant language
demotivation - groups value speech features that distinguish them
Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
shifts
motivation
prestige integration
demotivation
value mark of distinction
Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
young people use informal and casual speech, especially among themselves.
toilet - c.r (for comfort room), powder room or ladies’ lounge.
grass -fodder for cows and horses; marijuana
money -datung, atik, or kwarta girlfriend -syota or jowa.
Society and Language: Lecture Notes, Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
new terminologies coined by some groups in the community and defined according to their context of usage.
new meaning to existing words Tagalog word: ulupong or ahas (snake, for
traitor)
identifies members of the group that created it;
out-group is not meant to understand it. Society and Language: Lecture Notes, Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
Montenegro (1982) : proved that males and females differ in using language.
females use more positive adjectives.
females frequently use loanwords from English thinking that it is a more prestigious language.
what are other differences can you think of?
Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
argot (secret language) coined by gays for their own use
some terms from gay lingo are now used in the mainstream
Ex. Tagalog words: bading (gay, homosexual), tsimay (housemaid), bagets (young), tsibug (eating), chika (chat), jowa and syota (partner, girlfriend).
Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
professionals or technical terms
tonsillectomy and appendectomy
computers and internet : modem, ram, cd-rom, software, byte, download, upload, laptop, desktop, e-mail, e-group, e-learning, social networking, etc.
What other jargons can you think of?
Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
indicate stratification of society convey diversity of its speakers - age, gender,
ethnicity, and social status or class social status or class – family background, education,
occupation or profession
social barriers – agent of discrimination; erecting walls to widen social distance
idiolect - speech variety among speakers Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
Standard Language
official language
writing: academic,
newspaper, etc
formal occasions
variation
base
national language
Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
taboo terms - avoided to conform to dictums of religion, politeness and prohibited behavior; prohibition of females from speaking the names of
their fathers, uncles, fathers-in-law, and grandfathers.
swear words
Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
euphemisms ‐ used instead to refer to taboo ▪ puta (whore) is referred to as babaeng mababa
ang lipad (literally, woman flying low) or the more contemporary prosti (clip for prostitute).
▪ "jijingle muna ako" < iihi muna ako" (I need to urinate).
Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
formal or informal use of language
theme or subject of discourse
occasion
status or social roles of the participants Note the difference in your speech when you’re just
kidding around with your classmates and when you are reporting in class.
Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
talking to older persons, high-ranking officials, persons of authority and power, or persons you hardly know
writing and literature church ceremonies and rituals courts of law occasions attended by honorable dignitaries
and important people in society.
Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
gatherings of friends conversations with contemporaries writing letters to friends and
family members writing comics episodes
Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
register: formal or informal
participants
occasion or setting
theme or
subject
Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
speech community social orientations -
social status
circle they move in
functions they perform in society
social dialects or sociolects
sociolinguistics
Society and Language: Lecture Notes, Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico Society and Language: Lecture by Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
Brown, H. Douglas. 2007. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, 5th Edition. White Plains, NY: Pearson Education. O’Grady, William and John Archibald. 2009. Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction, 6th Edition. Canada: Pearson Education.
Society and Language: Lecture Notes, Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico