jhajjar development plan

City Development Plan Jhajjar

FORWARD

Design And Development Forum (DDF) is a professionally managed autonomous

organization. The main functions of DDF are to provide research and consultancy

services in the areas, which have bearing on the creation of infrastructure and built

environment. These include, among others, Design and Development of Human

Settlements, Regional and Urban Planning, Transportation Planning and Engineering,

Environmental Planning and Architectural and Engineering Design. Important area

where DDF has excelled is in the field of feasibility and impact assessment studies.

Key personnel of DDF have worked in India and abroad and have won competitions

and awards for outstanding work.

Haryana Infrastructure Development Board has appointed DDF to prepare the City

Development Plan of eighteen towns of five districts of Haryana State. The three

towns of Jhajjar districts are Jhajjar, Bahadurgarh and Beri. The district headquarter

of Jhajjar is an important NCR town.

This CDP presents a comprehensive perspective of Jhajjar Town, its spatial

characteristics, infrastructure and industrial profile, socio-economic characteristics,

strengths and weaknesses. The proposals made in the Development Plan of Jhajjar for

the year 2021 have been discussed in this report. Inferences have been drawn through

analysis of various existing infrastructure facilities like water supply, sewerage, solid

waste management etc. Major findings and proposals for integrated development of

Jhajjar Town in short-term and long-term perspective are discussed in the report.

Financial implications are also worked out.

The report is the outcome of hard work put in by multidisciplinary team, consisting

of, among others, Regional and Urban Planners, Engineers, Social Scientists and

economists. DDF appreciates the support provided by DC office, Municipal

Committee Jhajjar, PHED, RTO, DIC, TPO, DSO in data collection and

understanding the problem at grass root level.

Design and Development Forum i


This Report is an important step in the direction of integrated and planned

development of Jhajjar Town.

New Delhi Amit Bose

Development Planner

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LIST OF CONTENTSContentsList of TablesList of FiguresList of PhotographsList of MapsAbbreviations & Units

1 CITY DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK AND PROCESS.................................1

1.1 Introduction....................................................................................................1

1.2 City Development Plan (CDP).......................................................................2

1.3 Scope of CDP.................................................................................................2

1.4 City Development Plan Preparation Process..................................................3

2 TOWN PROFILE: JHAJJAR................................................................................5

2.1 Haryana “The Vedic Land”............................................................................5

2.2 Introduction....................................................................................................6

2.3 History............................................................................................................6

2.4 Location and Regional settings......................................................................6

2.5 Physiographic Features..................................................................................7

2.6 Climatic Conditions.......................................................................................7

3 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE.................................................................................9

3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................9

3.2 Growth Trend.................................................................................................9

3.3 Population Density and Spatial Spread........................................................10

3.4 Age Structure & Sex Ratio...........................................................................10

3.5 Literacy........................................................................................................10

3.6 Social Composition: SC/ST and Poor..........................................................10

3.7 Occupational Pattern....................................................................................11

3.7 Emerging Issues and Concerns....................................................................13

3.8 Projected Population and Growth Rate........................................................13

4 LAND USE PATTERN.......................................................................................14

4.1 Introduction..................................................................................................14

4.1 Existing Land Use........................................................................................14

4.2 Issues and Concerns.....................................................................................14

4.3 Policies and Proposals..................................................................................14

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4.3.1 Land Requirement and Proposed Land Uses.......................................14

4.3.2 Extent of Various Land Uses:..............................................................15

4.3.3 Zoning Regulations..............................................................................18

4.3.4 Availability of Vacant Land.................................................................18

4.3.5 Land Use according to UDPFI Guidelines...........................................19

4.3.6 Key Issues & Strategy Options for Growth Management....................19

4.3.6.1 Key Issues & Observations..................................................................19

4.3.6.2 Strategy Options...................................................................................20

4.3.7 Policies.................................................................................................20

4.3.7.1 Alternate Development Strategies........................................................20

5 ECONOMY OF THE TOWN..............................................................................23

5.1 Introduction..................................................................................................23

5.2 Areas of Economic Activity.........................................................................23

5.2.1 Trade and Commerce...........................................................................23

5.2.2 Industries..............................................................................................24

5.2.3 Agricultural Sector...............................................................................24

5.2.4 Informal Economy...............................................................................25


5.4 Policy and Proposals....................................................................................25

5.4.1 Entrepreneurship Development Programme........................................25

5.4.2 Incentives to industrial units................................................................26

5.4.3 Incentives for mega projects in Backward areas..................................26

5.4.4 Incentives for SSI in Backward areas..................................................26

5.4.5 Incentives for Exporting Units.............................................................26

5.4.6 Special Incentives for food processing industries................................26

5.4.7 Strategy Options...................................................................................27

6 HERITAGE AND CONSERVATION................................................................28

6.1 Background..................................................................................................28

6.2 Why is Heritage Important...........................................................................28

6.3 Heritage Sites...............................................................................................29

6.2.1 Shaheedi Park.......................................................................................29

6.2.2 Clock Tower.........................................................................................29

6.2.3 Baba Prasad Giri Mandir......................................................................29

6.2.4 Buddha Dev Mandir.............................................................................29

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6.2.5 Others important places........................................................................29

6.4 Water Bodies................................................................................................30

6.5 Issues and Concern.......................................................................................30


6.1.1 Strategies..............................................................................................31

6.1.2 Financial Implications..........................................................................34

7 WATER SUPPLY................................................................................................35

7.1 Introduction..................................................................................................35

7.2 Existing Status..............................................................................................35

7.2.1 Sources of Water Supply......................................................................35

7.2.2 Coverage..............................................................................................35

7.3 Demand –Supply Gap and Future Requirement..........................................36



7.5.1 Vision...................................................................................................37

7.5.2 Strategies..............................................................................................44

7.5.2.1 Short term Strategy..............................................................................44

7.5.2.2 Long term Strategy...............................................................................44

7.6 Financial Implications..................................................................................45

8 SEWERAGE........................................................................................................47

8.1 Introduction..................................................................................................47

8.2 Existing Scenario.........................................................................................47

8.3 Demand -Supply Gap and Future Requirement...........................................48


8.4.1 Systems Drawbacks and Lack of Coverage.........................................48

8.4.2 Lack of Waste Minimization and Recycling/Reuse.............................48

8.4.3 Non existence of Storm Water Sewerage System................................49

8.4.4 Blocking of Sewer Lines......................................................................49

8.4.5 Increasing complaints...........................................................................49


8.4.6 Vision...................................................................................................49

8.4.7 Measures for achieving Goals..............................................................53

8.4.8 Strategies..............................................................................................56

8.4.8.1 Short-Term Strategy.............................................................................56

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8.4.8.2 Long term Strategy...............................................................................56

8.4.8.3 Public Private Partnership...................................................................56


9 DRAINAGE.........................................................................................................58

9.1 Introduction..................................................................................................59

9.2 Existing Status..............................................................................................59



9.4.1 Vision...................................................................................................60

9.4.2 Strategies..............................................................................................60

9.4.3 Public Private Partnership...........................................................................61


10 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT.................................................................63

10.1 Introduction..................................................................................................63

10.2 Existing Status..............................................................................................63

10.2.1 Sources & Quantity..............................................................................63

10.2.2 Composition of Solid Waste................................................................64

10.2.3 Storage of Solid Waste at Generation Point.........................................64

10.2.4 Collection of Solid Waste....................................................................65

10.2.5 Street Cleaning.....................................................................................65

10.2.6 Transportation of Waste.......................................................................65

10.2.7 Disposal of Waste.................................................................................66

10.2.8 Treatment of Solid Waste.....................................................................66

10.3 Future Generation Trends.............................................................................66



10.5.1 Vision...................................................................................................67

10.5.2 Strategies..............................................................................................72

10.5.2.1 Short term Strategies........................................................................72

10.5.2.2 Long term Strategies........................................................................72

10.5.2.3 Public Private Partnership:.............................................................73

10.6 Financial implications..................................................................................73

11 ELECTRICITY................................................................................................74

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11.1 Introduction..................................................................................................74

11.2 Existing Status..............................................................................................74

11.1.1 Electricity Consumption.......................................................................74

11.1.2 Demand-Supply gap.............................................................................75

11.1.3 Tariff Structure.....................................................................................75



11.4.1 Vision...................................................................................................76

11.4.2 Strategies..............................................................................................77

11.4.3 Public Private Partnership:...................................................................77


12 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT.......................................................................78

12.1 Introduction.................................................................................................78

12.2 Existing status..............................................................................................78

12.2.1 Linkage to Jhajjar Town.......................................................................78

12.2.2 Transport Facilities...............................................................................78

12.2.3 Traffic Management in Jhajjar............................................................80


12.4 Policies and Plans.........................................................................................81

12.4.1 Vision...................................................................................................81

12.4.2 Strategies..............................................................................................81

12.4.2.1 Short term measures.........................................................................83

12.4.2.2 Long term measures.........................................................................85

12.4.2.3 Public Private Partnership...............................................................86

12.4.3 Freight Expressway..............................................................................88


13 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE.......................................................................89

13.1 Introduction..................................................................................................89

13.2 Existing Status..............................................................................................89

13.2.1 Education..............................................................................................89

13.2.2 Health...................................................................................................89

13.2.3 General Public Services.......................................................................89

13.2.4 Law and Order Police...........................................................................90


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14 SERVICES TO URBAN POOR......................................................................94

14.1 Introduction..................................................................................................94

14.2 Existing Status..............................................................................................94

14.2.1 Population below Poverty Line............................................................94

14.2.2 Growth of Slums and Slum Population................................................94

14.2.3 Socio-Economic Characteristics of Slum Population..........................95

14.2.4 Land Holdings and Characteristics......................................................96

14.2.5 Basic Infrastructure and Environmental Conditions............................96

14.2.5.1 Drainage..........................................................................................96

14.2.5.2 Pavements/Roads.............................................................................96

14.2.5.3 Sanitation and Environmental Improvement....................................97

14.2.5.4 Street Lighting..................................................................................97

14.2.5.5 Water Supply....................................................................................97

14.2.6 Community Facilities and Institutional Structures...............................97

14.2.7 Poverty reduction and Slum Improvement Initiatives..........................98


14.3.1 Unorganized and Informal Sector Employment...................................99


14.4.1 Vision...................................................................................................99

14.4.2 Strategies............................................................................................102

14.5 Financial Implications................................................................................103

15 MUNICIPAL FINANCE...............................................................................104

15.1 Introduction................................................................................................104

15.2 Existing Status-Municipal Committee Jhajjar............................................104

15.2.1 Revenue and Capital Account............................................................105

15.2.2 Municipal Income..............................................................................105

15.2.3 Municipal Expenditure.......................................................................107

15.3 Issue s and Concerns..................................................................................109

15.4 Policies and Proposals................................................................................110

15.4.1 Vision.................................................................................................110

15.4.2 Strategies............................................................................................110

15.4.2.1 Accounting System:........................................................................110

15.4.2.2 E-Governance System:..................................................................110

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15.4.2.3 House Tax:....................................................................................110

15.4.2.4 Land as a resource.........................................................................111

15.4.2.5 User charges..................................................................................112

15.4.2.6 Restructuring and Reforms............................................................112

15.4.2.7 Capacity Building...........................................................................112

15.4.2.8 Municipal Bonds............................................................................113

15.4.2.9 Right – Sizing.................................................................................113

15.4.2.10 Physical Planning Exercise............................................................114

16 URBAN ENVIRONMENT...........................................................................115

16.1 Introduction................................................................................................115

16.2 Problematic Areas:.....................................................................................115

16.2.1 Noise and Air Pollution:....................................................................115

16.2.2 Water Pollution:.................................................................................116

16.2.3 Surface water Quality.........................................................................117

16.2.4 Land Pollution:..................................................................................117

16.2.5 Recommendations:.............................................................................118

16.3 Conclusion..................................................................................................119

17 DISASTER MANAGEMENT.......................................................................120

17.1 Introduction................................................................................................120

17.2 Earthquake..................................................................................................120

17.3 Fire Hazard.................................................................................................121

17.4 Floods.........................................................................................................122

17.5 Proposals:...................................................................................................122

18 VISION……………………………………………………………………..124

18.1 Background................................................................................................124

18.2 Introduction................................................................................................124

18.3 SWOT Analysis.........................................................................................125

18.4 Investment Plan..........................................................................................127

19 PLAN MONITORING AND REVIEW........................................................128

19.1 Background................................................................................................128

19.2 Monitoring Unit.........................................................................................129

19.3 Plan Review...............................................................................................129

19.4 Future Course of Action.............................................................................129

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ANNEXURE-I (Water And Sewerage Charges).......................................................130

ANNEXURE-II (Models of Public–Private Partnerships)........................................132

ANNEXURE-III (Special Economic Zones- “Salient Features”)..............................135

ANNEXURE-IV (National Slum Policy- “Salient Features”)...................................136

ANNEXURE V (SCOPE & TOR FOR CDP)...........................................................138

ANNEXURE VI (National Ambient Air Quality Standards)....................................139

LIST OF TABLE

Table 3.1: Density of Jhajjar Town 10Table 3.2: Caste Composition 11Table 3.3: Distribution of Workers in Jhajjar 2001 11Table 3.4: Distribution of Workers in Jhajjar in 2001 12Table 3.5: Work Participation in Jhajjar 2001 12Table 3.6: Growth Rate and Projected Population of Jhajjar 13Table 4.1: Distribution of Proposed land uses up to 2021 A.D. 15

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Table 4.2: Land use for 2021 according to UDPFI Guidelines 19Table 5.1: Ward wise distribution of commercial establishments 24Table 7.1: Water Supply status in Jhajjar 36Table 7.2: Goals and service Outcomes-water supply 37Table 7.3: Water Demand 2006 38Table 7.4: Strategies and Time Frame - Water Supply 38Table 7.5: Design criteria and Target service Level 39Table 7.6: Specialized units provided in the treatment 43Table 8.1: Status of Sewerage system in Jhajjar 47Table 8.2: Goals and service Outcomes- Sewerage 49Table 8.3; sewerage Generation Demand 50Table 8.4: Expected efficiencies of various treatment Units 51Table 8.5: Design periods for components of sewerages system 51Table 8.6: Sewage treatment plant operation 52Table 8.7: Strategies and Time frame - sewerage 53Table 8.8: Comparison of various Sewage Treatment Technologies 55Table 9.1: Goals and service outcomes-storm water drains 60Table 9.2: System demand for storm water drainage 60Table 9.3 Strategies and time frame - storm water drains 61Table 10.1: Source wise solid waste generation in Jhajjar 2001 64Table 10.2 standards for solid waste generation in Towns/Cities 66Table 10.3: Goals and service outcomes solid waste management 67Table 10.4: Design criteria and target service level 68Table 10.5: Details of specification of segregated waste 69Table 10.6: Details of proposed primary collection system 70Table 10.7: Strategies and time frame-solid waste management 71Table 11.1: Electrical connections for various uses 74Table 11.2: Energy requirement and peak load in Jhajjar 75Table 11.3: Goals and service outcomes street lighting 76Table 11.4: Strategies and time frame street lighting 76Table 11.5: Energy requirement in Jhajjar 77Table 12.1: Various types of roads in Jhajjar,2003-04 78Table 12.2: Goals and service outcomes 81Table 12.3: Roads & Traffic Management 82Table 13.1: Social Amenities in Jhajjar town 90Table 13.2: financial Implications for Social Infrastructure 92Table 14.1: Financial Implications for Social Infrastructure 95Table 14.2: Goals and Service outcomes Basic services for Poor 100Table 14.3: Design criteria and Target service Level 101Table 14.4: Strategies and Time Frame- Basic Services poor 102Table 15.1: Sources of municipal Income,2001-06 106Table 15.2: Municipal Revenue Expenditure (figure in lakhs) 107Table 17.1: Multi Hazard Prone District in Haryana 122Table 18.1: Investment Plan for Jhajjar Town 2006-2021 127

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1: Methodology of CDP Preparation 4Figure 3.1: Growth Trend in Jhajjar Town 9Figure.3.2 Distribution of Workers in Jhajjar in 2001 12Figure 4.1: Proposed land use Distribution of Jhajjar Town 15Figure 4.2: Corridor Development 21Figure 10.1: Source- wise solid waste generation in Jhajjar 2001 63

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Figure 12.1: Types of Roads in Jhajjar 2003-04 79Figure 15.1: Municipal Income and Expenditure 104Figure 15.2: Income Municipal Committee, Jhajjar 107Figure 15.3: Expenditure of Municipal Committee, Jhajjar 2005-06 109Figure 18.1: SWOT Analysis 124

LIST OF PICTURES

Photo 4.1: Town Area 14Photo 4.2: Clock Tower 14Photo 5.1: Mandi Near Mini secretariat 23Photo 5.2: Commercial Establishments 23Photo 6.1: Shaheedi Park 29Photo 6.2: Clock Tower 29Photo 6.3: Baba Gazi Kamal Pond 30Photo 6.4: Kanak Champa and Toot 32Photo 6.5: Jacaranda 32Photo 6.6: Weeping Bottlebrush and Dhak 33Photo 6.7: Amaltas 33Photo 6.8: Kachnar and Pink Trumphet 33Photo 6.9: Snapdragon, nasturtium and Periwinkle 34Photo 9.1: Open surface drainage Network 59Photo 9.2: blocked Rainwater causing nuisance 59Photo 10.1: Solid waste lying along road 64Photo 10.2: Solid waste Collection points 65Photo 10.3: Transportation of solid waste 65Photo 10.4: solid waste dumping site 66Photo 11.1: Power House 74Photo 12.1: Roundabout in Jhajjar 78Photo 12.2: Congestion on Roads 79Photo 12.3: Internal Roads 79Photo 12.4 Bad condition of Roads 80Photo 12.5: Katcha Road, Jhajjar 80Photo 12.6: Encroachment by the informal sector 80Photo 13.1: Shaheedi Park 89Photo 13.2: Fire office, Jhajjar 90Photo 14.1: Slums in Jhajjar 94Photo 14.2: status of Infrastructure in slums 94

LIST OF MAPS

Map 2.1: Location of Haryana and Jhajjar District 5Map 2.2: Location of Jhajjar Town 7Map 3.1 Ward Map 9-10Map 6.1 Heritage 29-30Map 7.1 Water Supply Network 35-36Map 8.1 Sewerage Network 47-48Map 10.1 Solid Waste Mgmt. 63-64

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Map 12.1 Transport Network 78-79Map 17.1: Haryana District Map 120

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ASI Archeological Survey of IndiaAUWSP Accelerated Urban Water Supply Programme BPL Below Poverty LineCBOs Community Based OrganizationsCDP City Development Plan CEZ Common Economic ZoneCPHEEO Committee of Public Health Engineers DIC District Industrial Centre DMA Delhi Metropolitan Area DUDA District Urban Development Agency GIS Geographic Information SystemGT Grand TrunkHSIDC Haryana State Industrial Development Corporation HUDA Haryana Urban Development Authority IDSMT Integrated Development of Small and Medium Towns IEBR Internal Extra Budgetary ResourcesIHSDP Integrated Housing & Slum Development Programme INTACH Indian National Trust for Arts and Cultural HeritageIPT Intermediate Para TransitIRBT Integrated Rail Bus TransitITI Industrial Training InstituteJNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission LCS Low Cost SanitationLRT Light Rail transitMCJ Municipal Committee JhajjarMIS Management Information systemMOU Memorandum of UnderstandingNCR National Capital RegionNCRPB National Capital Region Planning Board NCT National Capital TerritoryNGO Non-Government OrganizationsNH National HighwayNOC No Objection CertificateNSDP National Slum Development Programme PHE Public Health EngineeringPPP Public Private PartnershipPWD Public works Department

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RIS Rural Industries SchemeROW Right-of-WaySC/BC Scheduled Caste/Backward ClassSEZ Special Economic ZoneSHG Self Help GroupSSI Small scale IndustriesSTP Sewage Treatment plantUDPFI Urban Development plan Formulation & ImplementationUIDSSMT Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small & Medium TownsULBs Urban Local Bodies VAMBAY Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana W/S Water SupplyWBM Water Bound Macadam WTP Water Treatment PlantYAP Yamuna Action Plan

LIST OF UNITS

Ha HectareKM KilometerKV Kilo Voltlpcd Liter Per Capita per DayMCM Million Cubic MeterMGD Million Gallon per Daymld Million Litres per DayMT Metric TonnesMW Mega Wattsq km Square Kilometer

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1 CITY DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK AND PROCESS

1.1 Introduction

The Government of India has launched Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal

Mission (JNNURM) programme for promoting reforms and investments for selected

cities with focus on efficiency in urban infrastructure, community participation and

accountability of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs). The scheme requires states and ULBs /

parastatal organizations to undertake a set of reforms at each level. Parallel to this, Urban

Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) aims for

improvement in urban infrastructure in towns and cities in a planned manner but this

scheme applies to all cities/towns as per 2001 census, except in cities/towns covered

under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM). It has subsumed

the existing schemes of Integrated Development of Small and Medium Towns (IDSMT)

and Accelerated Urban Water Supply Programme (AUWSP). The duration of the scheme

is for seven years beginning from 2005-06.

At the same time, Integrated Housing & Slum Development Programme (IHSDP) aims at

combining the existing schemes of Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY) and

National Slum Development Programme (NSDP) under the new IHSDP Scheme for

having an integrated approach in ameliorating the conditions of the urban slum dwellers

who do not possess adequate shelter and reside in dilapidated conditions. Like UIDSSMT

Scheme, IHSDP is also applicable to all cities/towns as per 2001 census, except in

cities/towns covered under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

(JNNURM).

Jhajjar town is not among the sixty-three cities identified under the JNNURM. However,

the aim of planned and integrated development of Jhajjar town can be served by the

UIDSSMT and IHSDP schemes. Considering this, the Government of Haryana has

initiated steps for preparation of City Development Plan (CDP) to promote planned and

integrated development of selected towns and cites of Haryana and Jhajjar is among those

selected towns.

Design and Development Forum 1


1.2 City Development Plan (CDP)

The CDP prepared is both a perspective and a vision for the future development of a city.

It presents the current stage of the city’s development, sets out the directions of change

and the thrust areas, and suggests alternative routes, strategies, and interventions for

bringing about the change. It provides a framework and vision within which projects need

to be identified and implemented. It establishes a logical and consistent framework for the

evaluation of investment decisions.

The City Development Plan emphasizes on issues of priority of local concerns for urban

renewal and infrastructure like water supply; sewerage and solid waste management;

construction and improvement of drains/storm water drains, electricity, construction/up

gradation of roads, highways/expressways; parking lots/spaces; capacity building of local

bodies; disaster management; development of heritage sites and preservation of water

bodies.

Towns with rapid growth in population are putting heavy pressure on services and the

urban local bodies are not been able to meet the demands and expectations. To address

the present and emerging infrastructure needs and services delivery gaps in Jhajjar town

area the city development plan need to be prepared. The key objective of the plan is to

formulate a development strategy for meeting the emerging challenges of infrastructure,

address the problems of urban poverty and create enabling environment for the growth of

economy.

1.3 Scope of CDP

The CDP outlines the strategic policy and investment interventions to achieve the vision

of Jhajjar Town including formulation of sectoral plans for the identified sectors. The

scope of work is to focus on areas like-

Urban Infrastructure

Services for Urban poor

Human Resources and Institutional issues

Financial Management



The City Development Plan will help in:

Defining the growth directions and the need for up-gradation of services in the

town

Reviewing the demand for projects for various sectors

Assessing the heritage conservation/preservation needed in the towns, if any, and

propose required technical inputs and financial investment

Defining existing water bodies like ponds, lakes etc. in the town and assess the

technical and financial resources needed to revitalize them.

Defining specific capital investment needs for rehabilitation and additional capital

investment needs in both the core city and in urban poor areas.

Assessing the gap in financial resources for meeting the investment needs

Assessing the gap in municipal governance, specifically in the areas of financial

management, operations and maintenances of core services and in e-governance

and

Assessing reforms required in local service delivery.

1.4 City Development Plan Preparation Process

The City Development Plan (CDP) preparation is mostly based on the secondary data

collected from concerned departments and public reports. Some conclusions are also

based on site inspection and discussions with officials of concerned departments engaged

in providing and maintaining various infrastructure facilities and residents of town.

The CDP presents the city development issues, deficiency analysis and a management

framework outlining strategies and guidelines for future growth. The CDP - considered as

an inter-sectoral exercise - takes into account the existing situation including assessing the

status of municipal services, its fiscal status, operational and management procedures.

The CDP also takes into consideration the works and plans of other government and

quasi- a government agency contributing towards the growth and development of the city.

The whole methodology is broadly divided into five major stages as indicated in the

Figure 1.1.



Figure 1.1: Methodology of CDP Preparation

The key stakeholders viz., Municipal Committee of Jhajjar (MCJ), Department of Public

Health, District Industrial Centre (DIC) Jhajjar, Haryana State Industrial Development

Corporation (HSIDC), Haryana Urban Development Authority (HUDA), Haryana Vidyut

Prasaran Nigam, District Planning Office, District Statistical Office, Regional Transport

Office etc. have been approached for dissemination of information on subject under their

control. The CDP has been conceptualized considering the status acquired by Jhajjar as a

strategic destination for various activities and initiatives planned by Haryana State

Government.

Design and Development Forum

STAGE I STAGE II STAGE III STAGE IV STAGE V

Literature Review Data Collection Data Analysis Issues Identification Recommendations

NCR PlanState PlanDistrict Annual Plan Master/Development PlanProject Plan

Chapterisation

Secondary SurveyLocation and Regional settingsPhysiographic FeaturesSocio-economic ProfileTraffic and TransportInfrastructureMunicipal finances

Site InspectionVisual and Photography

Existing statusDemographic ProfileEconomic BaseLand Use PatternInfrastructure:Physical and SocialHeritage and EnvironmentTraffic and TransportMunicipal finances

ProposalsPlan Prposals- State/NCR/DistrictPopulation ProjectionInfrastructure Demand and Supply

Identification of issues for each aspectsConstraintsAspirations

ConclusionsRecommendationFinancial Implications

DEVELOPMENT PLAN

4


2 TOWN PROFILE: JHAJJAR

2.1 Haryana “The Vedic Land”

Haryana (refer map 2.1) emerged as a separate State in the federal galaxy of the Indian

Republic on November 1, 1966 with Chandigarh as its capital. Thereafter 13 new districts

were notified from time to time by changing the boundaries of the existing districts. The

Mewat was the newly developed district which came into existence on 4th April 2005 as

the 20th district of the Haryana state. Haryana a population of 2,10,83,000 according to

the 2001 census with 1,13,28,000 males and 97,55,000 females & an area of 44,212 sq

km. The population density was 477 persons/sq km. Haryana has carved a place of

distinction for itself during the past three decades. Whether it is agriculture or industry,

canal irrigation or rural electrification, Haryana has marched towards modernity with

leaps and bounds.

Map 2.1: Location of Haryana and Jhajjar District

Source: Maps of India, internet


Jhajjar

5

http://www.haryana-online.com/chandigarh.htm


Today, it enjoys the unique distinction in India of having provided electricity, metalled

roads and potable drinking water to all its villages within record time. Haryana is among

the most prosperous states in India, having one of the high per-capita income group in the

country.

Haryana lies in northern India and is bordered by the Indian states of Delhi, Rajasthan,

Uttaranchal, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab. Hindi and English are the

official languages, but Haryanavi is most widely spoken. Punjabi and Urdu are also used

in many areas. Ten Lok Sabha & five Rajya Sabha members represent Haryana in the

Indian Parliament. Haryana is known for its brave soldiers, farming implements, Basmati

rice, dairy products, rustic humour, and Murrah buffalos. The state bird of Haryana is

Kala Teetar (Black Francolin). Haryana is divided into 20 districts with Jhajjar being one

of the prominent districts among these. It is one of the prosperous districts from

agriculture point of view.

2.2 Introduction

Jhajjar is one of the growing urban centers in the state of Haryana and the government of

Haryana, recognized the importance of Jhajjar town and declared it as district

headquarters on July 15, 1997.

2.3 History

Jhajjar has a rich historical heritage. The history of town dates back to medieval age and

according to the legend, the town found 1300 years ago. The town is believed to be found

by Chajju, in whose name, the name of the Jhajjar town has been derived as Jhajju and

thereafter Jhajjar. The places of antiquity in the town include the tomb and tank of Shah

Ghazni Kamal and a group of seven large tombs of local celebrities. There is Gurukul at

Jhajjar, found in 1915 AD which has a rich collection of ancient coins, moulds, seals,

inscriptions, which throw a light on the past life of the people inhibiting the region in

general and town in particular.

2.4 Location and Regional settings

Geographically Jhajjar is located 76°40’ East longitude and 28°27’ North Latitude.

Jhajjar town, the District Headquarter is located on Rohtak-Rewari State Highway at a


http://www.haryana-online.com/agriculture.htm

http://www.haryana-online.com/Fauna/Birds/black_francolin.htm

http://www.haryana-online.com/murrah.htm

http://www.haryana-online.com/Culture/humour.htm

http://www.haryana-online.com/basmati_rice.htm

http://www.haryana-online.com/basmati_rice.htm

http://www.haryana-online.com/WarHeroes/our_war_heroes.htm

http://www.haryana-online.com/Government/members_of_parliament.htm

http://www.haryana-online.com/urdu.htm

http://www.haryana-online.com/Culture/punjabi.htm

http://www.haryana-online.com/hindi.htm

http://www.haryana-online.com/panjab.htm

http://www.haryana-online.com/uttar_pradesh.htm

http://www.haryana-online.com/himachal_pradesh.htm

http://www.haryana-online.com/uttranchal.htm

http://www.haryana-online.com/rajasthan.htm

http://www.haryana-online.com/delhi.htm

http://www.haryana-online.com/states_of_india.htm

http://www.north-india.in/


distance of about 65km from Delhi. The town serves as a nodal centre for about 265

villages surrounding it and is well connected with road network and efficient bus services

to cater to transport requirements of the people. (refer map 2.2)

The general growth of the town is towards fast developing town of Bahadurgarh as it is an

industrial town of the district and in close proximity of Delhi.

2.5 Physiographic Features

Jhajjar is part of the eastern plains, which is fertile. The town is situated in relatively flat

terrain, encircled from three sides by a flood protection bundh. This bundh is a physical

barrier for the town’s horizontal expansion towards northern, western and southern sides

of the town. The variation in slope of the adjoining area is responsible for formation of

saucer like depression in the area.

Slope: The slope of the town, in general fall in the low to medium gradient (0°-3°).

Generally, the slope of the town is gentle which is suitable for physical development.

Presently the slope of the town is towards South- West to North- East.

2.6 Climatic Conditions

Climatic characteristics of the town include hot summers, cool winters and scanty rainfall

restricted to three months, July, august and September. The temperature varies from 8°C


Map 2.2 Location of Jhajjar Town

7


to 42°C. During the summer, the maximum and minimum temperatures of the town

ranges between 42°C and 33°C respectively. In winter the maximum and minimum

temperatures ranges between 22°C and 8°C respectively. The weather is mainly dry

during January-march and the moisture content gradually increases there on. May and

June are the hottest months of the year.

The average annual rainfall of the city is 781.4mm in 1981, 580.8mm in 1984 and 1989

respectively.

The wind direction was mainly west and southwest. Hot westerly winds known as looh

also occurs during summers. The average annual rainfall of the town was about 840mm.

The months of July, august and September receive relatively heavy rain, more than that of

the annual average.


35.433.1

28.0

14.2

40.8

0.05.0

10.0

15.020.025.030.0

35.040.045.0

1951-61 1961-71 1971-81 1981-91 1991-01

Decade

Gro

wth

rat

e(%

)


3 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

3.1 Introduction

The demographic characteristic, a major component in the formulation of a CDP, is analyzed in terms of the pattern of population growth and its spatial spread within the city. The analysis reflects its population growth as excessive by natural increase, in-migration and jurisdictional increase. The social composition of the town’s population has been analyzed through indicator like persons below poverty line, scheduled caste and scheduled tribe persons, age and sex structure and labour force.

3.2 Growth Trend

Jhajjar had a population of 39,004 persons in 2001, with a growth rate of 40.8 % during the decade 1991-01. The growth pattern of the town is shown is Fig 3.1.

Figure 3.2 Growth Trend in Jhajjar Town

Source: Development Plan for Jhajjar-2021AD

The town had a declining growth rate in all the decades from 1951-1991, where as it registered the highest growth rate of 40.8% during the last decade due to recognition of the Jhajjar town as the district headquarters during 1997,resulting very high rural-urban migration from surrounding areas for jobs. Shifting of district level offices and construction of mini secretariat added attraction to the town.

Considering the high growth rate in the previous decade, planning for induced economic activities the population projections for the year 2011 and 2021 are done on an average growth rate of 60%. As per development plan of Jhajjar town, 2021.



3.3 Population Density and Spatial Spread

The administrative limits of the Municipal Committee Jhajjar encompass an area of 6 sq km. The population density of the town is worked out as 6500 persons per sqkm as per 2001 census. The density is high in the core area of the town, near the bus stand and commercial areas.

Table 3.1 Density of Jhajjar Town

Year Population Gross density(ppsqkm,)

1981 24247 4041

1991 27693 4616

2001 39004 6500

Source: Census of India 2001

As shown in Table 3.1 the gross density has been steadily increasing from 4041 persons per sq km in 1981 to person per sqkm in 2001. Density of 65 persons per hectare is low when compared with the standard, UDPFI guidelines recommends density of a small town (Population less than 50,000) to be 75-125 ppha. This indicates scope for re densification of the existing town area.

3.4 Age Structure & Sex Ratio

Sex ratio in Jhajjar was 859 females to 1000 males in 2001, which is almost same as the state average which is 861. When compared with the district, sex ratio of Jhajjar town is higher than the district average of 839. Which may be due to out migration of male workers for jobs to Delhi or nearby industrial units.

3.5 Literacy

Literacy rate of the town was 80.1% as per 2001 census, which is higher when compared to the district average of 72.4%. Female literacy was 70.5% which is much higher than the district average of 59.5%.

3.6 Social Composition: SC/ST and Poor

There are 7227 persons of SC category, which constitutes 18.5% of the total population of Jhajjar town in 2001. However, the ST population is nil. (Refer Table 3.3)



Table 3.2: Caste Composition Male Female Total

Population 20976 18026 160735

SC Population 3858 3369 7227

Source: District statistical Handbook, Jhajjar

Below Poverty Line (BPL):

Recently State Government Haryana scraped the survey conducted to identify families below poverty line. This survey was conducted on the basis of 13 socio economic indicators. These include size of operational holdings of land, type of houses, average availability of clothing, food security, sanitation, ownership of consumer durables, literacy status of highest literate adult, status of household labour force, means of livelihood, status of children aged between 5-14 years, type of indebtedness, reason for migration from household and preference of assistance.

Now the Haryana government will conduct a fresh survey on five indicators which include- land holdings, type of houses, household good, literacy level of the earning members and source of livelihood for granting assistance to the poorest under the anti poverty programme. This survey is expected to be completed by 31st May 2007.

3.7 Occupational Pattern

The workers participation of the town was about 34.20% of the total population in the year 2001. According to census 2001, 14.1% of total workers were engaged in agricultural activities, 5.5% engaged in industries and 80.4% in other occupation. (Refer Table 3.3 and Figure 3.4).

Table 3.3: Distribution of Workers in Jhajjar 2001

Categories of Employment

No. of Workers % age of Total workers

Cultivators 1306 9.8Agricultural labourers

579 4.3

Household Industries

732 5.5

Other than H/H industries

10725 80.4

Total Workers 13342 34.2


(Source: Census of India 2001)

11

Distribution of Total Workers10%

4%

5%

81%Cultivators Agricultural workersHousehold workers Other Workers


Figure 3.2 Distribution of Workers in Jhajjar in 2001

Table 3.4 Distribution of Workers in Jhajjar in 2001

Cultivators Agriculture workers

Household workers

Other workers

Total

Overa

ll

Work

er Male 809 305 307 8335 9756

Female

497 274 425 2390 3586

Total 1306 579 732 10275 13342(Source: Census of India 2001)

Eighty Two percent of total workers are from the segment of other activities while only

Eighteen% of total workers are engaged in agriculture, cultivation and household

activities. (Refer Table 3.4 and figure 3.2) The household workers constitute more of

females which clearly shows the tendency of the females to work from home. This should

be kept in mind while developing any kind of infrastructure for females. .(refer table 3.5)

Table 3.5 Work Participation in Jhajjar 2001

Category of

Workers

Worker 2001 Percentage to

Total Population

Total Male Female

Main Workers 10960 8655 2305 28.1

Marginal Workers 2382 1101 1281 6.1

Total Workers 13342 9756 3586 34.2

Non Workers 25660 11220 14440 65.8

(Source: Census of India 2001)

In 2001, 82% of the total workers are the main workers while only 18% constitutes to marginal workers. The main workers constitutes more male population while the marginal



workers constitute more of female population. While more number of females than males are not working at all.

3.7 Emerging Issues and Concerns

It is evident that the unprecedented growth rate of 1971-81 will not be maintained but still the town will have a significant growth rate. Besides, establishment of several govt. offices and agro-based industries, the town will have significant impact on increase in population in decades to come. But the infrastructure facilities at Jhajjar are not able to cater to the existing population. Therefore infrastructure facilities both social and physical need to be enhanced both in qualitative and quantitative terms to cater to the present as well as projected population.

3.8 Projected Population and Growth Rate

As stated earlier, the trend of population growth is varying in every decade and its trend cannot be taken as main parameter for it’s further projection, The town and country planning department, Government of the Haryana projected population size for the year 2011 and 2021 as 62407 persons and 100000 persons respectively assuming a growth rate of 60 % for 2001-2011 and for 2011-2021. (Refer Table 3.6)

Table 3.6 Growth Rate and Projected Population of Jhajjar

Year Population Percentage Growth (%)

1951 10514 -

1961 14234 35.4

1971 18947 33.1

1981 24247 28.0

1991 27693 14.2

2001 39004 40.8

2011* 62407 60.0

2021* 99851(100000) 60.0 Source: Development Plan Jhajjar 2021 AD

Projected population for the year 2021:Population projection as per Regional

Plan for NCR is 75,000, where as the development plan for Jhajjar town projects

it to the tune of 1 lakh, since there are various economic activities which are

proposed, i.e. SEZ’s etc we are taking the higher end of population that is 1 lakh

for all the projections and provision of infrastructure with growth rate of 60%.



4 LAND USE PATTERN

4.1 Introduction

Land and its use form the base of any development. Land is the most crucial economic tool for planned development of the urban areas and achievement of social objectives through its judicious allocation for future use.

4.1 Existing Land Use

Jhajjar is situated along National Highway on a bowl shaped platform. The beauty of city of Jhajjar lies in the clock tower that lies in the heart of the old town and the almost stable low skyline.

4.2 Issues and Concerns

The study of existing land use pattern of Jhajjar town indicate unbalanced development having unproportionate residential, commercial and industrial areas. The existing town is characterized by haphazard mixed land use pattern, unbalanced neighborhoods, slums and unplanned shopping areas without parking facilities.

4.3 Policies and Proposals

4.3.1 Land Requirement and Proposed Land Uses

The Town has been planned keeping in view the present trend, physical constraints, and future possibilities of growth for a population of 100000 in 2021 AD. Most of the vacant areas around the existing town have been found sufficient to accommodate the population of 100000 in 2021. The whole town has been divided into 17 wards. The major land uses characteristics have been given in table 4.1and figure 4.1.


Photo 4.1: Town Area Photo 4.2: Clock Tower

14

Proposed Land Use

5%9%

16%

14%

10%46%

Residential Commercial Industrial

Institutional Roads/Transport Parks/open area


Table 4.1 Distribution of proposed land uses up to 2021 A. D.

Source:

Development Plan, Jhajjar 2021 A.D.

Figure 4.1 Proposed Land Use Distribution of Jhajjar Town

4.3.2 Extent of Various Land Uses:

Keeping in view the above facts and consideration various land uses have been proposed with town planning principles for a population of 1 lakh by 2021 A.D.

Residential

Jhajjar town has been proposed to be developed for projected population of 1 lakh persons by 2021 AD. The existing town would accommodate about 20,000 persons in the long run. The rest of the population would be accommodated in new residential sectors with average net residential density of 225 persons per hectare. The sector adjoining to industrial sector has been proposed to be developed at higher residential density of 250 persons per hectare whereas other sectors have been proposed to be developed with residential density of 200 persons per hectare. The sectors proposed for residential purpose are 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 12A and 13 sectors.

Commercial


Land Use Area(in hectare) %

Residential 525 38

Commercial 60 5

Industrial 110 8

Institutional 190 13

Roads/Transport 170 12

Parks/open area 120 8

Total area 1125 100

15


An area of 60 hectare has been proposed to be developed for commercial use in sector-1. This sector would also function as a city centre. The above commercial area also includes, the areas earmarked for vegetable and fruit market and grain market already developed in Mandi Township area.

Industrial

The N.C.R. Plan recommends the shifting of industries from non conforming areas of Delhi to various towns of N.C.R. The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India has also banned the functioning of some of the industries in Delhi area and has given directions to N.C.R. participating states including Haryana State for relocating such industries in their territories, keeping in view, the aforesaid N.C.R. policy and direction of the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India, it is expected that Jhajjar town would also attract industries as its potentiality for industrial development has increased due to declaration of Rewari-Jhajjar-Rohtak-Jhajjar National Highway. This town would also get boost in its industrial growth on completion of Rewari-Jhajjar-Rohtak-Jhajjar rail link as proposed in the N.C.R. Plan. Keeping in view the aforesaid facts, an area of 110 hectare have been earmarked for industrial purpose in sector No. 10 of the Draft Development Plan. In this industrial zone, only non polluting light and medium industries would be allowed.

Transport and Communication

As per N.C.R. Regional Plan – 2001 for NCR, the proposed stretch of inner road grid i.e. Jhajjar-Jhajjar-Gurgaon Road and outer road grid i.e. Rewari-Jhajjar-Rohtak Road have been proposed to be widened and strengthened as two lanes. The Rewari-Jhajjar –Rohtak-Jhajjar road has already been declared as National Highway-71, A broad gauge single track, Rewari-Jhajjar-Rohtak rail link is also proposed as per NCR Transportation Plan, which will connect Jhajjar with Delhi-Rohtak and Delhi-Jaipur rail links. With the implementation of aforesaid road and rail networks, Jhajjar town will emerge as an important node. A Transport Nagar has also been proposed to be developed under roads and communication use.

Public Utilities

An area of about 95 hectare has been proposed for the development of public utility services like provision of water supply, electric grid sub-station and disposal work etc. In addition to the existing 132 KV. Sub-Station located on Jhajjar Gurgaon Road, another sub station has been proposed on Jhajjar-Bahadurgarh Road asper requirement of the electricity department. The capacity of existing Jhajjar out fall drain is to be enhanced to carry sewerage and storm water of the town for its ultimate fall in Drain No. 8. also an area of 36 hectare is proposed for water works and electric substation on Bahadurgarh



and Gurgaon roads respectively. For solid waste, disposal, an area of about 10 hectares has been proposed on Jhajjar-Chhuchhakwas Road. In all an area of 95 hectares would be developed under public utility use.

Public and Semi – Public Uses.

Jhajjar town is one of the important N.C.R. town which would also accommodate some of the offices and institutions proposed to be shifted out of Delhi. Keeping in view this factor and the further demand of Jhajjar town, an area of 95 hectares has been proposed to be developed for public and semi-public uses in sectors 1, 9-A and 14.

Open Spaces and Green Belts

The Rewari-Jhajjar-Rohtak National Highway is passing through Jhajjar town. The N.C.R. plan proposes 100 meter wide green belts along both sides of National Highways. Accordingly, this provision has also been made in the Jhajjar Draft Development Plan. However, along all schedule Roads i.e. along Jhajjar – Gurgaon Road, Jhajjar-Badli Road, Jhajjar Bahadurgarh Road, Jhajjar Sampla Road, Jhajjar Dadri Road, Jhajjar-Kosli Road, a green belt of 30 metres have been provided and to cater the needs of Sports Stadium and Play Ground in Sector 10 has been reserved for the same purpose. Being a small town, the aforesaid green spaces covering an area of 120 hectares have been considered sufficient to cater the need of open/green area at town level. The local level needs of park and open spaces would be taken well care-off while preparing the layout of individual sectors. In the Draft Development Plan of Jhajjar town, an area of 20 hectares has been reserved for development as a recreation zone. This area is dominated by the existence of artistically designed group of seven large tombs of local celebrities including a tank of Shah Ghazni Kamal and a large ghat of 17 steps flanked by octagonal towers made in 1626 A.D. At present it become an attraction to the public. Mainly, this area is owned by the Punjab Wakaf Board. The property of Punjab Wakaf Board can not be sold to any person, that can be utilized for any public purpose by taking the said land on lease. In this development Plan, it has been proposed that the said land would be developed as a special scheme by the Tourism department of Haryana by taking the said land on lease from the said Board. In order to make this scheme economically more viable, in addition to the maintenance of existing historical monuments, the development of lush green well landscaped parks fully decorated with various types of fountains and lights, construction of motel, restaurant, hotel and a petrol filling station would be allowed in this zone.

Agriculture Zone / Rural Zone



The rest of the controlled area i.e. controlled area outside urbanizable area has been designated as agricultural zone/rural zone. This zone will, however, will not eliminate the essential building construction and development within this area such as extension of existing village contiguous to ababi-deh if undertaken under project approved or sponsored by the Government for other ancillary and allied facilities necessary for maintenance and improvement of an agricultural area.

4.3.3 Zoning Regulations

The legal sanctity to the proposals regarding land use is being given to the effect by a set of zoning regulations which from a part of this development plan. These regulations will govern the change of land use and standards of development. They also will elaborately detail out allied and ancillary uses which will be permitted in the various major land uses and stipulate that all change of land use and development shall be in accordance with the details shown in the sector plan thereby ensuring the preparation of detailed sector plans for each sector to guide the development and enforce proper control

4.3.4 Availability of Vacant Land

There are three government owned vacant sites available in the city. One of these is having bus stand. This land can be developed to locate underground parking, and Informal sector activities on first floor. Beside they may be permitted to roam around in the city for four hours a day i.e. from 8a.m. to 10a.m. and 5p.m. to 7p.m in designated localities. The rest of the time they can do their business by standing in this allotted spaceon nominal charges. They can park their rehdis in the parking space in the basement The second floor will have Institutional (office) use. Initially the above suggested plan can be followed but in later stages the bus terminal which is located in the heart of the city must be shifted in outer areas of the town

The second site located in ward No.11 had a depression which has been filled up and now the area is proposed to have a commercial complex and parking space.

The municipality office is proposed to be shifted from the existing fire office building to the clock tower which will also house the library. Once this office is shifted, the shops abutting the entrance on the clock tower have to be relocated. These shops can be shifted to the vacant land near Police station and above city bus stand.

Beside, public toilets i.e. eco toilets should be constructed at all above specified location as well as in Shaheedi park and in newly developed bus stand in HUDA area.



4.3.5 Land Use according to UDPFI Guidelines

The projected population for 2021, of Jhajjar, will be 100000. The total municipal area is 6 sqkm while the proposed planning area is 11.25 sqkm. The percentage of the area supposed to be allocated to different land uses according to the UDPFI guidelines is given below in the table 4.2

Table 4.2: Land Use for 2021 according to UDPFI Guidelines

S. No. Land Use % of Total Area (hectares)

1 Residential 45 506.25

2 Commercial 4 45.0

3 Industrial 10 112.50

4 Transport & Communication 14 157.50

5 Public and Semi-Public Uses 12 135.0

6 Green Belts and Open Spaces 15 168.75

Total 100 1125

Source: UDPFI Guidelines

In the above table the land uses are taken on the basis of the vision which is developed looking at the current trend of growth of the area and near by towns surrounding it like Bahadurgarh a Industrial centre and proposal of SEZ and construction of Kundli, Palwal and Manesar Expressway; more residential facilities are required for the town to accommodate the projected population.

4.3.6 Key Issues & Strategy Options for Growth Management

4.3.6.1 Key Issues & Observations

Although Jhajjar town has a potential to develop as an Industrial town but to strengthen the industries and economy of a town, there is a need to have a good infrastructure base. As specified in UDPFI guidelines the industrial use for this kind of town should be between 8%-10% of total land use. But in case of Jhajjar, land under industrial uses is 17%. Which established that Jhajjar town will be induced to develop as an industrial town of Haryana state. For the Industrial development existing infrastructure in terms of quantity and quality is inadequate in Jhajjar. Which need to develop to sustain industrial activities.

The current population is largely concentrated in the core city area, resulting in enormous stress on the infrastructure concentration in core city area and deteriorating quality of life, apart from increasing disaster vulnerability.



The primary barriers to the urban sprawl are the inadequate coverage of infrastructure throughout the city. Large tracts of undeveloped land in Jhajjar, is outer side of the town, but development hasn’t kick started primarily due to inadequate connectivity, absence of public transport facilities and lack of other basic infrastructure facilities.There is a pressure on city’s infrastructure systems from fringe areas that rely on the city for economic as well as other services. These areas need to be considered while planning for infrastructure development in Jhajjar as they would eventually constitute part of the larger urban settlement.

4.3.6.2 Strategy Options

State Government and the Municipal Committee should make a conscious efforts in controlling the city sprawl in a phased and planned manner, adopting best practices in urban development and planning norms. There is an opportunity in the form of availability of large developed tracts of land in around the town where development can be planned and regulated in a phased manner. The growth management strategy should thus focus on:

Controlling and guiding urban sprawl in a phased manner applying modern principles of physical planning and growth management.Planning and providing for infrastructure, including connectivity in the line with the intended growth plan, rather than attempting to only service already congested areas – the focus should be dispersing growth more evenly across the city.Applying innovative methods of using land as a resource to finance development, like TDR, FSI banks and land pooling mechanism like the TP scheme, etc.Formation of a Special Planning Authority covering Jhajjar municipal area and urban fringe areas, to arrest indiscriminate sprawl and ensure equitable and sustainable urban development.

4.3.7 Policies

4.3.7.1 Alternate Development Strategies

Sustainable Urban Development in Jhajjar District:

Cost of development, operation and maintenance of five basic infrastructure networks, namely railway, highway, pipeline, power grid and communication are highly sensitive to the location and structure of cities. A spinal type of linear corridor development along the existing railway lines or on the national highway/ state highways in the Jhajjar District would prove to be the most cost effective and environment friendly pattern for urban development of the region.



The available infrastructure and its potential must be exploited to the maximum extent. Corridors with the high growth potential can be identified and developed for future urbanization. A typical corridor of about 65 km connecting Jhajjar with Delhi would be ideal for the pilot scheme which can be extended further. The corridor consisting of railway, highway, pipeline, H.T.power line and communication lines would form the infrastructure spine. (refer figure 4.2)

Primate city syndrome

There is a need to arrest the migration from the rural areas and small towns to large cities and encourage reverse migration to rural areas through creation of job, improving the quality of life, providing basic amenities and improved access to the city. This will lead to insitu urbanization of select rural locations. This calls for providing urban amenities in rural areas besides providing employment and income generation avenues.

Commercialization

Infrastructure and habitat development would involve seed capital and recurring investments in operation and maintenance. This would be possible through introduction of commercial principles in recovering the cost from the beneficiaries through a host of user pay instruments. The principle of “user pay”, “abuser pay” and “polluter pay” needs to be utilized to ensure cost recovery.


Jhajjar

Infrastructure

Spinal Cord Intermediate Towns

Delhi

Figure 4.2 Corridor Development

21


Privatization

The private sector needs to be brought in the development and provision of infrastructure and habitat. The private sector participation could help in bringing technical and managerial expertise, improving operating efficiency in the use of capital and increased responsiveness to consumer needs and preferences. The various options for involving the private sector could be service Contracts, Management Contracts, leases, Concessions, BOT, BOO, ROT etc. (annexure II)

Project Based and Industry Based

Every mega project needs resettlement and provides potential and new opportunities. New mega industrial projects, SEZs and Food processing industries provide basic jobs and create multiplier effect for other related employment opportunities.

The industrial houses from these anchor industries have to be attracted in the planning stage itself. The local resources should be appropriately identified and used in supporting the industrial requirements while planning, implementing development of the town.



5 ECONOMY OF THE TOWN

5.1 Introduction

The economic base refers to the key sectors that drive the city’s economy. The analysis has been focused for identifying the lead sectors of the town’s economy, and examining if the growth within the lead sectors likely to be maintained in a medium-term framework.

5.2 Areas of Economic Activity

5.2.1 Trade and Commerce

The workers population indicate an increasing pattern from last three decades, being the commercial activity, predominate the scene. The town of Jhajjar is traditionally the agricultural market center for the hinterland. It acts a commercial center to retail activities dealing in consumer goods located near bus stand, etc. There was a new Anaj mandi (Grain Market or Agricultural Produce market) located within the town with shops and platforms to auction various agricultural commodities. A market committee was managing the market. In addition there were several private shops and municipal markets. There were about 3122 shops/ establishments located in the town. There was a persistent demand for the commercial spaces in the town despite the presence of the above establishments due to vibrant trade and commerce activities. Ward wise distribution of shops etc are shown in Table 5.1.


Photo 5.2 Mandi Near Mini SecretariatPhoto 5.2 Commercial Establishments

23


Table 5.1 Ward wise distribution of Commercial Establishments

Ward

No.

Establishments/shops Office

Complexes

Hotels/

Restaurants

Total

1. 817 564 1 1382

2. 182 159 341

3. 32 25 57

4. 20 119 139

5. 118 28 146

6. 138 42 180

7. 63 88 152

8. 215 42 257

9. 187 9 196

10. 157 17 174

11. 65 10 75

12. 252 41 293

13. 252 38 1 291

14. 405 136 541

15. 219 469 1 689

3122 1787 3 4913

Source: Solid Waste Management Report, Jhajjar

It is quite evident from the table 5.1 that ward no. 1, 15, 14, 2, 12, 13 and 8 are highly commercialized areas, having more than 200 commercial establishments.

5.2.2 Industries

The town was observed to be less industrialized as main industries are located in the near by town of the district. However some small scale industries were located in the town like katha manufacturing, rubber, wooden furniture, agricultural machinery, marketing of agricultural machinery etc. It was serving as mandi cum service town dealing with marketing of agriculture produces and allied products as well an administrative centre.

5.2.3 Agricultural Sector

In the agriculture sector the town has been supplying locally manufactured conventional, as well as modern tools and implements. Educational and training programmes are being run by the agriculture Departments for the welfare of the farmers.



5.2.4 Informal Economy

There is a sizeable presence of informal sector activities and enterprises in Jhajjar town, which produce comparatively inexpensive goods and services while providing abundant opportunities for self-employment to a large section of population. This unorganized sector has to be recognized as an important segment of urban human activity, which is making positive contributions to the growth, and economic development of the town.


For strengthening the economic base of Jhajjar needs efforts to induced employment prospects by attracting more industries and related infrastructure. Beside diversified efforts required to strengthen trade, commerce, industry, transportation, storage, communication and construction sectors need in the town

5.4 Policy and Proposals

New agro-based industries need to promote and various fiscal incentives can be availed under Industrial Policy of Haryana State. Government of Haryana has divided the state into three zones for the purpose of grant of fiscal incentives i.e. grant of exemption /deferment of sales tax and payment of octroi. The industries falling in the negative list is not be eligible for any incentive i.e. sale tax exemption/deferment/capital investment subsidy and electricity duty exemption.

The new industrial units setup in Zone-C is given the benefit of sales tax deferment only. All new industrial units are exempted from the payment of octroi on capital equipment, building materials and raw material used by them for a period of five years in Zone –C. The period of exemption commences from the date of provisional registration with the Industries Department.

There is tremendous growth potential in the area of tertiary sector activities. The cotton industries, Rice selling, Iron and steel fabrication, Milk chilling, Leather goods, Hard board & Straw board, Tractor assembling, Wooden handicrafts and Bread & biscuits etc, several government offices and institutions are located in this towns.

5.4.1 Entrepreneurship Development Programme

The state will take effective measures to promote entrepreneurship for rapid industrialization of the state. EDP need to be organized with special purpose on rural youth and women. Non Government organization and industrial association will be fully involved in finalizing the curriculum for the training programmes and for organizing EDPs.



5.4.2 Incentives to industrial units

To boost the industrialization and fulfill the dream of industrialization Government of Haryana has introduced the new industrial policy on 6th June, 2005 and many lucrative incentives were introduced to make investment in Haryana by NRI and countries leading industrialists. Following are the incentives provided by the Government through department of industries. The detail of incentives are given as under:

Electricity duty exemptionTesting Equipment subsidyModernization subsidyIncentive to sick unitsISO 9002

5.4.3 Incentives for mega projects in Backward areas

i) Mega project with investment of Rs. 100 crore and above or any project employing more than 500 persons irrespective of investment to be set up in the backward areas would be extended the facility of financial assistance at 50% of the tax paid on the sale of goods produced by such industrial units, under the Haryana value added tax act, 2003 for the period of 7 years from the date of start of commercial production.

ii) Exemption from local area development tax (LADT) for a period of 5 years.

5.4.4 Incentives for SSI in Backward areas

New SSI units in the backward areas would be extended the facility of financial assistance in the shape of interest free loan to be quantified at 50% of the tax paid on the sale of goods produced in such industrial units, under the Haryana value added tax act, 2003 for a period of 5 years from the date of start of commercial production to be repayable after a period of 5 years.

5.4.5 Incentives for Exporting Units

In order to boost the exports and enhance competitiveness of exporting units, subsidy upto 1% of the FOB value of exports subject to maximum of Rs. 10 lacs per annum shall be given.

5.4.6 Special Incentives for food processing industries

Various incentives such a market fee exemption, interest fee loan at 75% of the tax paid on the sales of goods produced in such industrial units shall be given HVAT Act 2003 for



a period of 5 years from the date of start of commercial production. This would be repayable after a period of 5 years. Charges for change of land use exempted upto 50% special priority for release of electric connection etc. shall be applicable to the units coming in commercial production after the commencement of new policy. No market fee shall be levied on agricultural and horticulture.

5.4.7 Strategy Options

Jhajjar has unique inherent economic drivers that could be nurtured and promoted in a systematic manner to generate high overall economic growth. The key inherent economic drivers for the town lie in the services sector, including education, health and trade & commerce. There is potential for industrial development in the region, as well given the availability of water, land and strategic regional setting by way of proximity to Chandigarh in the north and Hisar in the south.

Some of the strategy options include:

Promote industrial and overall economic development by capitalizing on inherent strengths like abundance of water and proximity to regional centers like Bahadurgarh, Ambala and Chandigarh.Improving and strengthening regional connectivityDeveloping infrastructure and leisure facilities in Jhajjar aimed at providing a good quality of life – to attract and retain good quality manpower in the areas of hospitality, education, health care services industry managers and skilled workforce.Develop leisure/entertainment facilities in the immediate short term including beautification of town’s landscape.Branding and marketing of Jhajjar in national international context.Develop local skill of shoe making in the international context. Develop riverfront including heritage walkway, bathing ghats and sanitation facility.



6 HERITAGE AND CONSERVATION

6.1 Background

Heritage is what we receive from the past. It shapes our present identity and provides insight for our future. It includes a range of activities such as stewardship, preservation, research, education and engagement. It encourages sensitivity to the indigenous natural environment, to the impact of human activity on the natural environment, as well as to differing perspectives regarding objectives, ideas, places and traditions.

Water bodies as resource give a character to the town. Water bodies act as recharge zones and can be developed as a recreational center with various allied activities. Similarly, the heritage sites/buildings give an identity to the town. However, these sites/buildings are not conserved properly.

6.2 Why is Heritage Important

Heritage is important to the community because:

Heritage gives a ‘cultural’ value to an area that helps to define a sense of place and provides a context for everyday life. The appreciation and conservation of this fosters distinctiveness at local level. It has an educational and academic value providing a major source of information about our ancestors, and the evolution of our society. It provides a means for new generations to understand the past and there own culture.Heritage can make a significant contribution to economic development by encouraging tourism, but more generally it supports viable communities by creating pleasant environments where people prefer to live and work.Heritage plays an important role in providing for people’s recreation and enjoyment. Increasingly, the past and its remains in the present are a vital part of people’s everyday life and experiences.Archaeology and historic buildings make a major contribution to the aesthetic quality of townscapes and landscapes, enhancing the familiar scene of our historic towns and villages giving historic depth and interest to our countryside

6.3 Heritage Sites

6.2.1 Shaheedi Park

This area is dominated by the existence of artistically designed group of seven large tombs of local celebrities including a tank of Shah Ghazni Kamal and a large ghat of 17 steps flanked by two octagonal towers made in 1626AD.



At present the aforesaid monuments are lying in the form of ruined buildings. These monuments, if maintained properly, would become an attraction to the public. Mainly this area is owned by Punjab Waqf Board. The property of Punjab Wakaf board can not be sold to any person but can be utilized for public purpose by taking the said land on lease.

6.2.2 Clock Tower

The fort built in 1902 by local Muslim person. This tower is presently surrounded by thick market area with very small area left for its entrance.

6.2.3 Baba Prasad Giri Mandir

The Samadhi is situated in the western part of Jhajjar in a beautiful Vatika and temple where a Bhandra is held every year on 1st January.

6.2.4 Buddha Dev Mandir

This beautiful temple is situated in ward No.5 on approx.400 sq.yds. of land. This temple is presently running an free Eye Treatment centre in its campus. This temple is run by a trust.

6.2.5 Others important places

Herbal Park situated at Delhi road near police line.

Kakra wala Peer situated at Gwalison road approximately 1.5 Km from the city on

4 acres of land.

Baba Peer situated at Rohtak road.

Pancholi wala Peer again situated at Rohtak road approximately 1.5 km from the

city.


Photo 6.1 Shaheedi Park

Photo 6.2 Clock Tower

29


6.4 Water Bodies

At present there are four johad/ pond in the town.

6.5 Issues and Concern

An emerging concern was to link the quality of life of the historic city with its built heritage. Overlaying this were challenges of social change, attendant aspirations and inevitable popular cultural dynamics transforming traditional systems. This expanded definition of heritage seemed almost impossible to address as each proposed and attempted solution in turn gave birth to a host of new problems as it became clear that urban development, planning and environment all are inextricably interlinked. This phase also lead us to take on the enormous task of addressing a complex matrix of issues ranging from the revitalization of historic cities to the development of traditional skills and practices in conservation.

The Jhajjar city has a flavour of its own with so much influence of history. The development has to have the outlook of the history in its external facade.

Major heritage issues of the town are:

There is no integrated tourist development plan.Community participation in development of heritage sites is missing.Maintenance of existing temple which was the legacy of the town.Need to develop Johad/ pond area as recreational sites.No proper care of the fort which is historically important.


6.1.1 Strategies

The Clock tower and Johad/pond which are present in the town need to be developed as recreational sites. The Johad/pond has water in all season. Therefore for development as a recreational site we have to develop different recreational


Photo 6.3 Baba Gazi Kamal Pond

30


activities like, boating etc. This will help in recharging water table, development of town level park at pond side and throughout the year activities on this secluded stretch of land. Private partner may be involved to participate in the development water front or recreational site. The sites even if outside the municipal limit but in the near vicinity of the town can be developed and integrated with the the heritage sites in the town. Old clock tower can be conserved as a historic site of the town which shows the history of the town. Some part of open spaces can be developed as an amusement park so that tourist attraction increases in the town and play an important role in Jhajjar economy.

Private partner may be involved to participate in the development of recreational site. For the convenience of general public, one guide map should be provided at each of the major entry to residential areas of the town. Thus, there may be three to four guide maps per sector/ ward/ mohalla. One guide map of sector/ ward/Mohall may also be provided in the shopping area. One guide map indicating development plan/ master plan of the residential areas of the town may be provided at each major entry of the town. The advertisement right at the bottom of the Guide Map may be given to the professional agencies on PPP basis against which the agency shall provide and maintain the said Guide Map for a minimum period of three years.

Besides this city as a whole can be beautified by planting of more trees and plants, which give city a different and soothing looks. Following species can be planted in roundabouts or in parks or at a specified location:

1. Semal ( Bombax Ceiba):

Identifying characters: A towering tree. Flowers are large, deep red, coral or yellow with five waxy petals. The bark is ashen and smooth.

Flowers: In March

Fruits: Ripen and split open in May releasing microfibres in air.



2. Kanak Champa (Pterospermum Acerifolium)

Identifying characters: The fragrant pure white flowers are exposed as the flower cup peels like a banana skin. The leaves are large, very broad.

Flowers: In March- April

Fruits: Take nearly are a year to develop, releasing seeds in February- March

3. Toot (Morus Alba)

Identifying characters: Small decidous trees with tiny greenish flowers. Fruits are succulent and in a cluster

Flowers: In February- March

4. Jacaranda (Jacaranda Mimosifolia)

Identifying characters: bell shaped lavender or purple blue flowers in open clusters. The fruits are orangish woody pods that halve when ripe.

Flowers: In April- May

Fruits: Appearance in June, remaining till Feb

5. Weeping Bottlebrush

Identifying characters: A willow tree with bright scarlet spiky flowers on long sta mens. The fruits are small, woody and cup shaped.

Flowers: In February- March


Photo 6.4 kanak Champa and Toot

Photo 6.5 Jacaranda

32


6. Dhak (Butea Monosperma)

Identifying characters: Clusters of fiery orange blossoms on an almost leafless tree around this time of year.

Flowers: In Mid- March

7. Amaltas (Cassia Fistula)

Identifying characters: Medium sized ornamental tree with fragrant bright yellow flowers in drooping clusters. This fruit is like a long cylinderical pipe.

Flowers: Late april to mid May

8. Kachnar (Bauhinia Variegata)

Identifying characters: A smallish tree seldom more than 8m tall, with a short and dark trunk. It has two distinct varieties: a pink lavender and the other is almost white.

Flowers: Late January- March

9. Pink Trumpet (Tabebuia Impetiginosa)

Identifying characters: Small tree with beautiful pink (lavender pink to pale purple) trumpet shaped blossoms, somewhat papery in appearance. Appear in clusters, branches go by february

Flowers: February- March


Photo 6.6 weeping Bottlebrush and Dhak

Photo 6.7 Amaltas

Photo 6.8 Kachnar and Pink Trumphet

33


Apart from the above other species recommended are:

Nasturtium

Petunia

Snapdragon

Flox

Periwinkle

Jatropha

6.1.2 Financial Implications

It is estimated that initially a sum of Rs. 2 crores each will be required to conserve and protect the ancient clock tower. There is a need to develop an integrated development. Although, total financial package for the conservation of the clock tower can be worked out only after the detailed research is done and integrated tourism master plan is prepared. In the initial stages the sum of Rs. 4 crores need to be earmarked to undertake the development of ponds and their surroundings, but the detail costing will be done after the preparation of detail project report. The total financial implications for this sector at the initial stage will be Rs. 6 crores.

The comprehensive heritage development plan needed to be prepared with the help of restoration experts. The total financial requirement and time budgeting could be worked out based on the recommendation of heritage development and restoration plan.


Total Cost of the Project : Rs. 6 Crore

Photo 6.9 Snapdragon, Nasturtium and Periwinkle

34


7 WATER SUPPLY

7.1 Introduction

The infrastructure profile refers to the status of infrastructure and utility systems in the town. Its analysis has been indicated the adequacy or inadequacy of infrastructural services in terms of coverage, quantity, and quality. The gap between demand and supply of different infrastructural services has been measured. The cost of delivering services and recoveries made from them has been also reviewed.

Urban growth both spatially and population wise puts pressure on infrastructure, particularly water supply, sewerage, solid waste, drainage, electricity, traffic and transportation etc. Unless infrastructure is improved to the required level, quality of life suffers. Most importantly, it influences economic development of the city and investment climate.

The Haryana Public Health Engineering Department provides and maintains water supply and sewerage facilities in Jhajjar. This department is responsible for planning, design, construction, implementation, maintenance, operation & management.

7.2 Existing Status

7.2.1 Sources of Water Supply

The present water supply of the town is depends mainly upon canal system. Jhajjar Town is having population 39004 persons as per 2001 census. The main source of water supply is Yamuna canal. Subsoil water is brackish and unfit for drinking purpose.

The total supply hour is 8 hours i.e. 6 am to 8 am in the morning, 4 pm to 6 pm in the evening.

Presently NCR has given 10.97 crore to improve the water supply network of Jhajjar town and to achieve the 135 lpcd target. The balance 3.8 crores is also there with public health to augment the present water supply network. The ongoing scheme still have 2 years for its completion.

7.2.2 Coverage

The existing water generation capacity is 4.5 mld, As per PHED’s claim 74% of the total population and 74% of the Municipal area is covered under potable water supply scheme. At present 110 lpcd water is supplied to the town. 52 kilometer of distribution line is spread over 80% of the town area.



There are two water works and treatment plants in Jhajjar town. Presently there are 6803 households in the town out of which 5052 are with water connections which means nearly 75% of the total number of households. This implies that the coverage is not exactly 80%, and there are a number of households which have to depend on community drinking facilities like stand posts and hand pumps.

(Refer table 7.1).

Table 7.1 Water Supply status in Jhajjar

Source: PHED Jhajjar

7.3 Demand –Supply Gap and Future Requirement

As Jhajjar is an NCR town, NCR standards shall be followed which has recommended 135lpcd water supply for towns having population below 1 lakh. Considering this as the standard, the water demand for projected population has been calculated. For the projected population of 100000 for year 2021, the water demand comes to 13.5 MLD. Even for meeting the current demand to cover entire population of 39004, 5.27 MLD water is required at the standard rate of 135 lpcd. While present supply of 4.5 MLD has to be covered. So, in the town there is a present gap of 0.77 MLD. However to meet the demand for the projected population, additional 8.23 MLD water will be required. Thus, the net water supply required in Jhajjar town in 2021 will be 9 MLD (8.23+0.77 MLD).


About 25 % area of the town is yet to be covered by water supply network. There is scarcity of potable ground water as the ground water is brackish. The canal based quality of water is deteriorating due to over exploitation and contamination.

There always remains a clear gap between the revenue collected and the operation and maintenance cost. This gap generally remains due to following reasons:

About 15% of total water supply is waste due to thefts and leakage.


Source: Canal/TWExisting Generation capacity (in MLD): 4.5Present rate of water supply (in lpcd): 110Number of canal based water works: 2Number of w/s boosting station: 2Number of Water Treatment Plants: 2Length of Water Distribution Network: 52kmCoverage of town areas: 74%Coverage of Population: 74%Number of W/S connections: 5052

36


25% of existing area not covered by water supply system. Absence of proper mechanism of billing and a flat rate is charged which is leading to wastage of water.

The existing income sources of the municipality are not enough to meet the growing demand of water in the town. Tax revenues are providing resources to meet these needs for the time beingbut to meet the demand for the projected population of 2021 even and official grant assistance has not been able to fulfill gap between supply and demand.


7.5.1 Vision

The vision is to enhance the coverage and access to piped water supply in Municipal area to 100% and 24 hours a day to create a system for continuous quality water in an equitable, efficient and sustainable manner.

Table 7.2: Goals and service Outcomes- water Supply

S.No. Goal 2011 2016 2021

1 Network cover for General

household

100% 100% 100%

2 Network cover for Slum

households

100% 100% 100%

3 Per Capita Supply 135 lpcd 135 lpcd 135 lpcd

4 24/7 Water supply 50% 80% 100%

5 Quality of water Safe & Good Safe & good Safe & Good

6 Non Revenue Water 25% 15% 15%

7 Cost recovery (percent of

O&M)

100% 100% 100%

Goals and service outcomes of water supply to be achieved till 2021 are given in table 7.2. .Supply of 135 lpcd of safe drinking water should be accomplished till 2011. Plan should have 24 hrs water supply may not be the priority at that time but is a goal for 2021.

Table 7.3: Water Demand 2006



Description Estimated

population

Water Demand

(MLD)

Availability Surplus/Deficit

In No. @ 135 lpcd MLD MLD

Base Stage(2006)-

Normal Season50704 6.85 4.5 2.35

The present status of water supply is given in table 7.3 according to which water generated is very less for 2006 population. There should be planning to fulfill the current demand and there should be planning to provide 100% water supply connection in all the sectors (domestic, commercial, industrial). Strategies and time frame are given in table 7.4 and design criteria in table 7.5.

Table 7.4: Strategies and Time Frame – Water Supply

S.No. Strategy 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

1 Asset

Management

Plan

2 Leak detection

plan

3 Mapping & GIS

4 Piloting 24/7

water supply

5 Source

Augmentation

6 Network

Coverage for

General

Households

7 Network

Coverage for

Slum Households

Table 7.5: Design Criteria and Target Service Level

Description Unit Based on Norms



2021

Population In number 100000

Per capita Lpcd 135

Collection System

Demand

Percent of Road Length 90

Treatment Capacity

Demand

Percent of Generation 100

Total Demand MLD 58.5

System Pattern

For general convenience of distribution, a grid pattern where the different mains are interconnected keeping dead ends to a mini mum is recommended. The system facilitates any one point being fed at least from two different directions. For small water supplies, the tree system with smaller mains branching off from a single trunk main may be adequate.

Zoning

Zoning in the distribution system ensures the equalization of the supply of water throughout the area. The zoning depends upon (a) density of population (b) type of locality (c) topography and (d) facility for isolating for assessment of waste and leak detection. If there is an average elevation difference of 15 to 25m between zones, then each zone should be served by a separate system. The neighbouring zones may be inturn connected to provide emergency supplies. The valves between the zones, however, should normally be kept closed and not partially opened. The layout should be such that the difference in pressure between different of the same zone or same system does not exceed 3 to 5m.In case of Jhajjar town, the general topography of the town is fairly flat and has gentle slope towards south west.

Location of Service Reservoirs

The location of service reservoirs is of importance for regulation of pressures in the distribution system as well as for coping up with fluctuating demands. In a distribution system fed by a single reservoir, ideal location is a central place in the distribution system which affects a maximum economy on pipe sizes. If topography permits, ground level reservoirs may be located taking full advantage of differences in elevation. it may be



desirable to have tail end reservoirs for the more distant districts. These tail end reservoirs may be fed by direct supply during lean hours or booster facilities may be provided.

General Design Guide Lines

Unit Consumption

Based on the CPHEEO Guidelines, the unit consumption most appropriate for the project area appear to be as follows :

i) Domestic - 135 lpcd

ii) Non-Domestic - 20 % of domestic supply

iii) Fire Demand -No additional unit consumption will be provided.

Unaccounted for Water

i) Distribution of water - 15 % of average daily theoretical demand.

ii) Transmission of water - 5 % distribution water demand.

Ground Storage reservoir

CPHEEO guidelines suggest storage provision for 24 hours water requirement of the command area at the reservoir site. Commensurate with this norm and as the reservoir is being fed by a number of tube wells; one day storage capacity is suggested. This will ensure uninterrupted supply during the repair of tube well/rising main/ pumping machinery. As indicated earlier, storage volume as worked out by projected water demand of the command area in 2021 will be suggested with provision for future augmentation.

The town and its surrounding areas will be divided into several water supply zones depending upon existing natural barriers, population. Proximity of supplying GSR, natural ground elevation, distance to be covered to supply furthest consumers, etc. Each water supply zone will be demarcated with the existing GSR located preferably at a central, elevated position depending on the existing situation. This reservoir will act as service reservoir, which will distribute water to the consumers by gravity through well-nit distribution network. New GSRz will be proposed to be located strategically in the proximity of its command area.

The reservoir will be of Reinforced cement concrete (RCC) construction having more than one compartment (as suitable) to facilitate future maintenance. The tank shall have



retaining wall around periphery and RCC base slab and roof slab. It will be provided with proper roof protection works and necessary inlet, outlet, overflow and washout piping arrangement. The tank shall be designed for un-cracked section with Grade 40 concrete as per Indian Standards. The reservoir premises will be provided with necessary utility services, disinfections arrangement, guard house and boundary wall.

Boosting

For distant localities, booster may be provided instead of increasing the size of mains or height of the reservoir unduly for maintaining the required pressure.

Location of Mains

For roads wider than 25 meters, the distribution pipes should be provided on both sides of the road, by running rider mains suitably linked with trunk mains.

Hydraulic Network Analysis

Irrespective of the methods used, the hydraulic analysis of pipe network is based on fundamental laws, viz., Q = 0 at a junction, H a o around a loop or a circuit and h = k Q which is the exponential friction flow equation relating the head loss to the flow in pipe.

Hydraulic Design of Pipelines

Two universally accepted formulae for hydraulic design of flow through a circular conduit are Hazen-Williams formula and Darcy-Weisbach formula. Hazen Williams Formula is an empirical formula. Hazen-Williams coefficient “C” defines the pipe roughness characteristics. “C” values for various commercially available pipes in the area have been provided in CPHEEO Guidelines.

Darcy- Weisbach formula is a dimensionally consistent formula. Here the friction factor “f” defines the roughness characteristics. A number of implicit relationship are available to determine “f” out of which Colebrook-White equation is widely used which yields sufficiently accurate results.

Consultants propose to use Darcy–Weisbach formula for hydraulic design of water supply distribution network. The formula is:

Hf = f(L/D) (V2/2g)

Where:

Hf = Frictional loss in metres of water



f = Friction factor (dimension less)

L = Length of pipeline in m

D = Internal diameter of pipe in m

V = Mean velocity of flow in m/s

g = Acceleration due to gravity in m/s2

The values of equivalent wall roughness coefficient (e) adopted in all hydraulic calculation are as below:

Ductile Iron pipe - 0.10 mm

HDPE pipe - 0.05 mm

Transmission Main

The transmission main from boosting station to service will be sized to cater for the ultimate stage flow as per the projected water demand. Material of the transmission line will be Casts Iron of Class LA.

Valves, fittings and equipment to be installed on transmission line will be of Cast Iron PN 25 pressure rating to keep provision for future augmentation in capacity of the pipeline and pumping machinery, too. The pressure pipeline will be proposed to be laid inside the service corridor of main roads. It will be provided /with necessary air, washout and isolation valve at suitable locations for future maintenance.

Distribution Main

The design of the distribution network for the entire project area will be done based on the values of contour lines and spot levels as available in the base maps and development plans.

The new areas in project town and other areas to be provided with reticulated supply system, being of urban in nature will be provided with hydrants to meet firefighting needs. Considering the nature of development / land use and material of construction of the buildings/ structures, the probability of occurrence of fire fighting system for the town:

Head of 7mwc; fire tenders will collect water from these hydrants and boost to the required pressure.



The average spacing between two fire hydrants may be kept as 120m; there are examples where the spacing is even more; the hydrants need to be located on major roads on distribution main so as to assure the supply of the required quantity of water.

Material and Size of Pipe Work

Pipes & fittings

For distribution network also C.I. pipes of suitable dia as per CPHEEO guidelines need to be used.

Disinfection of water

Due to long haulage of water (whenever envisaged), the residual chlorine in treated water may be completely/ partially lost. This is not desirable as it may allow microorganisms to grow and will ultimately cause health hazards among the consumers. Hence, disinfection of water should be done at selected boosting / GSR locations. However, if such provision is presently available at some locations, the same need to be retained or augmented as necessary.

An online chlorine residual analyzer need to be installed to give a specified output signal according to the residual chlorine measured in water to one PCU (Process Control Unit), and the PCU will in turn give a corresponding signal to the actuator unit which will change the position of above said v-notch accordingly and will control the flow of chlorine gas.

Table 7.6: Specialized units provided in the Treatment:

1.

Control of taste and odour in water

For removing dissolved gases like H2S and volatile matter, aeration can be practiced at the start of water treatment. Free available residual el2 at past chlorination stage can bring about complete elimination of taste and odour.

2. Control of colour /algae Reservoir management; providing covered reservoir to exclude seen light and using chlorine as algaecides are the methods recommended for adoption.

3. Control of colour due to colloidal organic matter.

Coagulation at low PH by Alum is used.

4. Colour due to industrial wastes Could be removed by using chlorine

5. Removal of Harness Fe, Mn, F, NH3, Ca++ Mg++, Na+, K+

Cation exchanger operating on H2 cycle.

6. Removal of CO3, SO2, Cl, NO3

etc. Anion exchanger.



7.5.2 Strategies

Areas with very good ground water prospects especially areas along Yamuna Canal, etc. need to be protected. Artificial recharge through rainwater harvesting and riverbeds should be undertaken. The surplus canal water during monsoon period for recharging depleted aquifers to be used and lastly roof-top rain-water harvesting should be made mandatory in building bye laws especially in the over-exploited blocks.

All new development areas should have two distribution lines, one for drinking water and other for non-drinking water/recycled treated wastewater to reuse the treated wastewater. At least 50% of the treated wastewater should be recycled for these purposes and emphasis should be laid towards waste minimization, which can also help in improving the overall environment. Government may also provide liberal tax rebates for institutions/industries adopting recycled wastewater to compensate for the cost involved in treating wastewater for recycling.

7.5.2.1 Short term Strategy

All dwelling units accessible to existing water distribution lines need to be connected urgently. Besides all illegal connections to legalized on priority.Condition of the present water supply network need to be assessed.Need for establishment of treatment plant for supplying water for drinking purpose.Water boosted from tube wells need to be chlorinated at the overhead tank or underground reservoir, as the case may be.Efforts should be made to reduce the water losses in transmission and distribution. The contingency provision of 15-20% to be made to account for the losses.The water pipelines need to be change. Water tankers service need to be initiated to cover outer areas and those areas where water supply scheme is not accessible. Reliable source of water needs to be acquired for boosting up of agro based industries in Jhajjar to serve not only this town but also the neighbouring villages depending upon it.

7.5.2.2 Long term Strategy

Detail project Report for Integrated water supply scheme should be prepared for the town.Rooftop rainwater harvesting should be made mandatory in building bye-laws and necessary amendment in the bye laws may be initiated accordingly. Recycling of waste water for non drinking use need to be initiated and a separate pipeline should be provided for this recycled water.



Metering coupled with improved recovery of revenue will certainly help to reduce the revenue expenditure gap. Tariff for the recycled treated wastewater should be fixed to encourage its non-potable use such as gardening, horticulture and other uses. Installations of maters at all strategic locations on the main trunk line will help in detection and subsequently removal of theft.

Bulk Supply System

The bulk supply system can be done in new areas on neighbourhood pattern

Public Private Partnership

The public health department should adopt rationalized approach for revenue generation. Public private partnership need to be introduced for operation and maintenance of the water supply scheme.

7.6 Financial Implications

The estimated investment required to develop water distribution network in Jhajjar

town will be:

i) Total cost of main line:

To cover 26% of town area = 17.4 km

Cost of mains @Rs2500/m = 2500 X 17400m = Rs.4.35crores

25% of existing main line require makeover = 25% of 49.5 km

= 12.4 km

= 12400m

Cost of makeover @2500/m = 2500 X 12400m = Rs.3.10 crores

Total cost of mains = 3.1 + 4.35 = Rs.7.45 crores

As for fixtures and fittings @20% = 20% of 7.45

= Rs.1.49 crores

Total cost = Rs. 7.45 + 1.49 = Rs.8.94 crores

ii) Total cost of reservoir:

9 Nos. 10lakh capacity each @Rs.10/ litre= 9 X Rs.1 crore

= Rs. 9 crores

Add 10% for pumps and pumping station etc. = 10% of 9 crores

= Rs. 0.90 crores

Cost of reservoir will be = 9 + 0.9 = Rs. 9.90 crores



Add 20% for fixtures and fittings = 20% of 9.9 = Rs. 1.98 crores

Total cost of Reservoirs = 9.90 + 1.98 = Rs.11.88 crores

iii) Total cost of treatment works:

Cost of treatment works = 20% of Cost of reservoirs

= 20% of 11.88 crores

= 2.38 crores

Total cost = i + ii + iii = 8.94 + 11.88 + 2.38

= 23.20 crores

Add 10% for O&M and contingencies = 10% of 23.20 crores

= 2.32 crores

Cost of water supply system = 23.20 + 2.32

= 25.52crores

(excluding cost of distribution network)


Total Cost of the Project for 2021: Rs. 25.52 Crores(excluding cost of distribution network)

46


8 SEWERAGE

8.1 Introduction

Sewerage, the core element of physical infrastructure, determines the environmental status of any settlement. Development of appropriate sewerage carriage system with efficient treatment acts as a prerequisite for facilitating balanced and harmonized development. Augmentation of existing systems/treatment facilities as well as adoption of new technologies of waste treatment now being focused by every city/town, which aspires to cover its total population under sewerage network system.

8.2 Existing Scenario

Presently 3MLD sewage is generated and discharged into drain no. 8 without any treatment. Nearly 50% of the total area of Jhajjar and approximately 49% of the total population is covered by a separate sewer system. 20km of sewer line is spread over 50% of the town area. There is no sewerage treatment plant. Untreated sewage is discharged into open drains. Areas which are devoid of sewer connections are generally having septic tanks which are brick lined with sand and gravel at bottom for filtration downwards. The town has both sewer and cost effective sanitation facilities. About 996 households had cost effective sanitation facilities, while 765 had sewer connections for the disposal of sullage and night soil. There are no households having dry latrines. Existing Coverage of the sewerage system is shown in Table 8.1 and Map 8.1.

Table 8.1 Status of Sewerage System in Jhajjar

Source: PHED Jhajjar

Presently the sewage system is partly laid and for the rest of the city already a estimate of 3.9 crores has been prepared. The amount has been sanctioned but the work still has to


Sewerage system: Separate Coverage: 50% of Total Area

49% of Total PopulationNumber of STP Zero Number of Disposal: OneQuantity generated 3 MLDQuantity intercepted for treatment: NilLength of Sewer line (in km) 20 km

47


start. the completion time of the project is three years. An STP has already been constructed but it is still put on test.

8.3 Demand -Supply Gap and Future Requirement

It has been recommended that planning for sewage treatment should be done considered to the 80% volume of the water consumption. Accordingly @ 108 lpcd, for the projected population of 100000 for year 2021, the sewage produced will be to the tune of 10.8 MLD. However for present population there is a gap of 2.71 MLD in the sewage network. Thus, to meet the demand for the projected population as well as present population (inclusive of 25% of the sewage network that needs complete makeover), additional 9.68 MLD sewage network capacity will be required.


8.4.1 Systems Drawbacks and Lack of Coverage

i) It is estimated that with the projected population of 100000 persons of the town will generate 10.8 MLD of sewage.

ii) Analysis from the sewerage sector reveals that sewerage network coverage needs to be enhanced in the town area.

iii) The poor and slum dwellers lack safe sanitation facilities and hence are prone to health related diseases.

iv) In addition to that, wastewater recycling and reuse is negligible.

v) The expansion of sewerage network has lagged behind the growth of population.

vi) There are imbalances in the coverage of sewerage systems in various parts of the towns.

vii) Population living in marginal settlements, unauthorized colonies and urban villages etc has been devoid of regular municipal sewerage systems.

8.4.2 Lack of Waste Minimization and Recycling/Reuse

The emphasis has not been given on waste minimization, which helps in improving the environment as a whole. The concept of recycled wastewater for non-drinking purposes has not promoted so far.



8.4.3 Non existence of Storm Water Sewerage System

Due to non existence of storm water sewerage system in Jhajjar town, whole of the silty/muddy surface water passes through the sanitary sewers, as the sewer lines are designed only for sanitary purpose. Due to this, during rainy season sanitary sewers overflows & take time to discharge surface water, which creates inconvenience to the public.

8.4.4 Blocking of Sewer Lines

Most of habitants keeps cows & buffalos etc in the residential colonies & they discharge cow dung etc. in the sewer lines resulting into frequent blocking of sewer lines& also creates unhygienic gasses in the sewer lines which causes accidents while cleaning the sewer lines.

8.4.5 Increasing complaints

After the rainy season, due to entering muddy water /Garbage / polythins etc. the sewer lines generally chokes & number of complaints regarding overflow and blockage increases. To remove blockages, desilting is immediately requires but due to shortage of staff. i.e. sewermans with the department extra (skilled) labour is required but as per govt. instruction department can not engage daily wagers on muster rolls & also there is no contractor enlisted by the cooperative Labour & construction societies through which the labour could be arranged.


8.4.6 Vision

The vision is to create a healthy community by providing sewerage network coverage to entire town including slum areas.

Table 8.2: Goals and service Outcome – Sewerage

S.No. Goal 2011 2016 2021

1 Network cover for general household 90% 100% 100%

2 Network cover for Slum household 60% 100% 100%

3 Treatment and Disposal 100% 100% !00%

4 Recycling and Reuse 15% 40% 60%

5 Cost Recovery(Percent of O&M) 85% 100% 100%



The goals stated in table 8.2 should be achieved by 2021 but priority should be given to treatment plant and sewerage connection to 100% population to achieve a safe and environmental friendly atmosphere in the town.

Table 8.3: Sewerage Generation Demand

Description Estimated

Population

Sewage Generation

(MLD)*

In No. @ 108 lpcd

Base Stage (2006) 50706 5.48

Mid Stage (2011) 62407 6.74

Intermediate Stage (2016) 81204 8.77

Ultimate Stage (2021) 100000 10.8

Degree of Treatment

The degree of treatment sill mostly be decided by the regulatory agencies and the extent to which the final product so treatment are to be utilized. These regulatory bodies may be the local body or a State Pollution Control Board. The method of treatment adopted should not only meet the requirements of these regulatory agencies but also result in the maximum use of end products consistent with economy.

Design Period

The treatment plant, like the sewerage system is normally designed to meet the requirements over a 30 years period after its completion. The time lag between the design and the completion should not ordinarily exceed 2 to 3 years and even in exceptional circumstances 5 years.

Population Equivalent

The population equivalent is a parameter useful in the conversion of the contribution of wastes from industrial establishments for accepting into the sanitary sewer systems by the authorities concerned and serves as a basis for levying an equitable charge for the same. The average daily per capita contribution of suspended solids and BOD5 are 90 gm and 45 gm respectively which is used for estimating population equivalents.

Effect Of Industrial Wastes

The industrial wastewater may be discharged into public sewers if the industrial effluents meet the tolerance limits as prescribed by IS:3306-1974. If wastewater are to be discharged into inland surface waters, tolerance limits set by IS:2490-1963 are to be satisfied. For industrial effluents to be discharged on land for irrigation purposes, BIS code IS:3307-1965 should be followed.



Effluent Disposal and Utilization

If sewage effluent is be discharged into inland surface waters, tolerance limits prescribed by statutory agencies, IS 4764-1973 should be followed.

Choice of Processes

Sewage treatment processes may be generally classified as primary, secondary and tertiary. The general yardstick of evaluating the performance of sewage treatment plants is the degree of reduction of BOD, SS and total Coliforms. Expected efficiencies of various treatment units are given in the next table.

Table 8.4 : Expected Efficiencies of Various Treatment Units

Process Percentage Reduction

SS BOD Total

Coliform

1. Primary Treatment (Sedimentation) 45-60 30-45 40-60

2. Chemical Treatment 60-80 45-65 60-90

3. Secondary Treatment

(i) Standard trickling filters 75-85 70-90 80-90

(ii) High rate trickling filters

(a) Single Stages 75-85 75-80 80-90

(b) Two Stages 90-95 90-95 90-60

(iii) Activated sludge plants 85-90 85-95 90-96

(iv) (a) Stabilization ponds (Single

Cell)

80-90 90-95 90-95

(b) Stabilization ponds (Two Cell) 90-95 95-97 95-98

Tertiary treatment is adopted when reuse of effluent for industrial purpose is contemplated or when circumstances dictate the requirement of higher quality effluents.(refer table 8.4)

Table 8.5: Design periods for components of sewerages system and sewage treatment

S. No. Component Recommended

Design Period

in years

Clarification

1 Collection System i.e.

Sewer Network

30 The system should be designed for the

prospective population of 30 years, as its

replacement is not possible during its use.

2 Pumping Station (Civil 3 Duplicating machinery within the pumping



Works) station would be easier/cost of civil works

will be economical for full design period.

3. Pumping Machinery 15 Life of pumping machinery is generally 15

years

4. Sewage Treatment

Plant

30 The Construction may be in a phased

manner as initially the flows may not reach

the designed levels, and it will be

uneconomical to build the full capacity

plant initially. (Refer Chapter 10.2).

5. Effluent disposal and

utilisation

30 Provision of design capacities in the initial

stages itself is economical.

Sewage Treatment

Table 8.6: Sewage Treatment Plant Operation

S. No. Type of

Treatment

Operation Units Employed

1. Preliminary Removal of lighter floating material eg leaves of trees, pieces of rags, wood, charcoal

Screen of different

designs

Flats & Grease Skimming Tanks

Removal of heavier Suspended

inorganic material eg grit, sand etc.

Grit chamber

Removal of heavier suspended

inorganic material alongwith coarser

suspended organic matter

Dirtilys tanks

2. Primary Removal of larger suspended organic

solids

Settling tanks

3. Secondary Removal of fine suspended and

dissolved organic material by means

of biological flocculation and

precipitation and then by settling.

Intermittent sand filters

tricking filters followed

by secondary settling

tanks activated sludge

plant followed by S.S.T.

4. Final Removal of harmful bacteria and other

organisms

Chlorination

In case of farms using settled sewage, the sludge from the sedimentation tanks should be mixed with manure or peat and composted for which adequate land should be provided.



The duration of composting is so chosen as to ensure complete dehelminthization of the sludge. The composted material is applied on the fallow fields or in the farm itself. .(refer table 8.6)

Table 8.7: Strategies and Time frame – Sewerage

Strategies and time frame till 2013 are given in table 8.7. The first and foremost step should be develop the asset management plan for minimal expenditure to be incurred.

8.4.7 Measures for achieving Goals

Coverage of low income areas through eco-toilets: To maintain hygienic conditions in town the first step taken should be to low income groups. This can be done by covering them by providing public Eco-toilets initially and connecting them to the sewerage network afterwards.

Basically, the toilet is elevated above the ground, and has three separate outlets for urine, excreta and the water used for cleaning, which are collected in separate chambers.


S.No. Strategy 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

1 Asset

Management

Plan

2 Rehabilitation

of Old

Network

System

3 UGD for the

unsewered

areas

4 Maping & GIS

5 Network

Converge for

Slum

Household

6 Recycle &

Reuse

53


The elevation is a great advantage in places where there is a high water table, in a rocky terrain or in areas with water shortage.

Keeping the toilet waste above the soil also prevents soil contamination and makes the removal of solid and liquid matter easy. The vaults built to collect the excreta are layered with ash after every use to convert the solid waste into compost and prevent odours

This chamber would only need to be emptied once a year or so depending on usage. The urine is collected in barrels outside the unit and dispatched to farmers to be used as organic manure.

When the eco-toilets was first set up in Karnataka, nobody quite expected it to be a phenomenal success. Now, a little over a year later, the swanky clean toilet, devoid of the smells associated with public toilets, is witness to the dedication of its users. But there are two challenges first to motivate people to move away from open air defecation and teach them the ecological option.

Operation and Maintenance Plan: Adoption of an O&M plan schedule, including options of using the private sector for O&M (e.g. management contract).Privatization of O&M of pumping stations and STP’s through a service or management contract with private sector that would be solely responsible for the O&M of the system, based on an agreed annual fee, and with built in incentives for improved performance. Mapping and GIS: The O&M shall also include mapping and GIS of the sewer system, for proper upkeep and maintain pace and regular updating of new area. This would enable constant vigilance with regards to system malfunctions and promote effective maintenance. Asset Management Plan: To address the condition assessment and the performance of the sewerage assets, it is recommended that an asset management plan be prepared for the assets in Jhajjar town.



Table 8.8: Comparison of Various Sewage Treatment Technologies

Parameter Units TF ASP AL+MP OD Single Cell

WSP

Multiple Cell WSP UASP+MP

Detention Time 1 Day 4 to 6 hr 3 to 5 hr 1 Day 20 to 30 Days 6 to 10 Days 2 to 4 Days

Land required Ha/MLD 0.3 0.25 0.5 0.3 2 to 3 1 to 2 0.6 to 1

Method of Oxygen

Supply

Atmosp

heric

Mechani

cal

Mechanical Mechanical Biological

(Algae)

Biological ( Algae) Not

Required

Power Required Kw/MLD 180 250 300 400 Nil Nil 120

East of Operation Simple Difficult Simple Simple Very Simple Very Simple Simple

Skill for O&M High High Moderate Moderate Low Low Moderate

Capital Cost Rs. Lakh/MLD 30.0 35.0 20.0 20.0 6.0 8.0 20.0

Annual O&M Medium High High Medium Very Low Very Low Low

Reliability Good Least Good Good Very Good Very Good Good

FC Removal % 90-96% 90-96% 95-98% 95-98% 98-99% 98-99% 95-99%

Note: TF – Trickling Filter, ASP – Activated Sludge Process, AL – aerated Lagoon, OD – Oxidation Ditch, WSP – Stabilization Pond, UASP

–Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket, MP – Maturation Pond.



8.4.8 Strategies

8.4.8.1 Short-Term Strategy

All households accessible to the existing sewer lines must be connected and now shall be given to legalize unauthorized connections on priority.Community toilets to be constructed especially for slum clusters at places where sewer connection is available. Cleaning of sewer should be undertaken through modern suction machines. The operation will be quick and without damage to the skin of the sewer lines.Proper storm water sewerage system of the town should be laidMeasures may be taken to shift the cattles from town area to other place r they should be charged licence fee for keeping cattle into separate drain system.Municipal Committee may be advised to raise the low laying area as such surface water may flow by gravity.For chocked sewer lines/ desilting, special permission may be granted to engaged the sewer helpers through muster rolls as per requirement and advance arrangement of LOC for making payment to labour immediately on completion of job be made.The labour contractor may be got enlisted through the cooperative L&C Society. So that on requirement labour could be arranged through the contractor.For getting the unauthorized 80% sewer connections regularized, the procedure may be simplified.

8.4.8.2 Long term Strategy

To accommodate 100% town area and 100% households projected for the year 2021. Charges can be adjusted with property tax/ house tax.Recycled waste water should be promoted for non drinking purposes. Hotels and others commercial units in the town should be given incentives for recycling of waste water. Measures should be taken to prevent the use of storm water drains for conveying sewage and dumping of solid waste and sullage in open drains.

8.4.8.3 Public Private Partnership

A private player can be involved for Eco toilets on BOT basis.The toilet block mainly in the shopping areas / bazaars in heart of city, wherever it does not exist, may also be constructed on PPP basis.While deciding the location in these shopping areas/ main bazaars convenience of public as well as aesthetics be kept in view.



Following incentives can be considered to attract private agencies to take sewerage work of the town. A part of land can be given on lease to him for 25 years. This part of land can be used by him for commercial ventures.The treatment plant can be constructed underground and the above space can be used by the private developer for activities like amusement park, nurseries, light weight commercial establishments etc.The advertisement right on Toilet Block may be given to the professional agencies on PPP basis against which the agency shall construct and maintain the said toilet block for a period of 5-10 years on pay and use basis.Manuring from the solid can be given to private developer for commercial use. The above proposals can be made part of agreement separately or can be clubbed together.There must be a detailed Master Plan for laying/augmenting sewerage system and its treatment for the town with the help of specialized agencies, experts and NGOs. Haryana State Government has initiated step for the preparation of master plans for sewerage of major towns and same should be done for Jhajjar. Further there should be 100% percent sewerage system coverage and facilities for the treatment of their sewage up to the desired standards before it is discharged for irrigation, plantation, gardening etc. or into the water bodies. Hotels, industrial units and large installation must be asked to recycle their wastewater. Fiscal measures such as quantum based taxation for waste water needs to be taken up which will not only reduce the cost of treatment for the municipality but will ultimately help in improving the overall environment of the towns.


The estimated investment required to develop sewerage system in the Jhajjar town for projected population will be :

Total Approximate length of mains to be laid = 33.45km

Cost of main line @ 1.51 crores/km = 33.45km X 1.51crores

= 101.02 crores

Cost for MPS, IPS and rising main @0.35crores = 33.45kmX0.35 crores

= 11.70 crores

Cost of Sewerage system = 101.02 + 11.70

= 112.72 crores



(Excluding cost of distribution network)


Total Cost of the Project for 2021: Rs. 112.72 Crores

(Excluding cost of distribution network)

58

Photo 9.2 Blocked Rainwater

Causing Nuisance


9 DRAINAGE

9.1 Introduction

Drainage is an important element of physical infrastructure and constitutes removal and disposal of surplus rainwater from the land and to some extent protect flooring the area. Since urban expansion is inevitable, increase run-off would require remodeling of the existing drains as well as provision of new/supplementary drains. Provision of appropriate drainage in marginal settlements consisting of slum clusters, informal/unauthorized colonies etc require due attention.

9.2 Existing Status

This town is partly covered with separate drainage systems. Some drainage network has been laid along major roads in the form of open drains. Almost 80% of the water is drained through open drainage system to Drain No.8 and the rest gets mixed with sewerage system. This drain is not desilted at regular intervals so its holding capacity is reducing day by day. The present capacity of the drain is 100 cusecs and is designed to carry storm water only. But, at present sewerage is also flown into this drain (Refer Map

9.1)

9.3

Issues and Concerns

The primary drains are inadequate to handle the flash floods as they are not systematically designed and are not fully constructed in most of the sections. The entire town area needs to be covered with drainage system. Utmost care needs to be taken in flood prone and low-lying areas. Encroachment by slum dwellers and dumping of solid waste in the drains cause blockage. The hydraulic surveys are not done regularly to access the condition of drains


Photo 9.1 Open Surface Drainage Network

59



9.4.1 Vision

The vision for Jhajjar is to align, develop and manage the existing drainage network and to cover the entire town integrating with Drain No.8.

Table 9.1 : Goals and Service Outcomes – Storm water Drains and water Bodies

S.No. Goal 2011 2017 2021

1 Storm Water Drain Coverage

(% of road length)

70% 100% 100%

2 Rehabilitation of Existing

Nala’s and water Bodies

100% 100% 100%

3 Usage of Water Bodies as

Water Recharge structure

50% 70% 100%

Goals and service outcomes are given in table 9.1. The priority should be Rehabilitation of Existing Nala’s and water Bodies so that they can be used as water recharging structures

Table 9.2: System Demand for Storm Water Drainage

Description Unit Gaps Up to 2011

Storm Water Drainage Water

New Formation – Pucca open Drains Kms 66.90

Primary Drains – De-silting and Strengthening Kms 134

Tanks regeneration and Nala Strengthening

Water Bodies Conservation Nos. 4

According to table 9.2 is 134 km length of drainage requires up gradation and four water bodies are to be conserved and rejuvinated in the town.

9.4.2 StrategiesThe town drainage system need to be designed for maximum rainfall of five year frequency storm for internal as well as peripheral drains and ten years frequency storm for the main drains. Usually the system is designed for a maximum rainfall of one-hour duration. The co-efficient of run-off need to be calculated for areas with composite land use pattern on the basis of anticipated land use in the new areas and existing land use pattern for the areas already developed. For Jhajjar town, the run-off coefficient should not be less than 0.6.



Water logging areas are low lying areas in the city and agricultural fields are to be immediately relieved of the problem by undertaking a drainage rehabilitation program. The construction of new drains and connecting links would be taken up as a priority, along with strengthening of the existing drains with lining and sidewalls. In addition, control of weed growth, limiting the dumping of solid and construction waste and controlling the growth of encroachments would be given top priority.Integrated regional drainage plan at the district level should be prepared after critically examining each drainage system under basin/ sub basin incorporating the improvement proposals for enhancing the quality of regional and local drains taking into account the present/ future development and settlement pattern in the region. The ponds/ lakes/ wetlands (existing and prepared) bunds/ check dams etc. should be developed/ protected to increase the runoff time of storm water in order to help in ground water recharging.

Table 9.3: Strategies and Time Frame-Storm Water Drains and Water Bodies

S.N

o.

Strategy 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

1 Primary Drain

Rehabilitation and

improvement

Programme

2 Improvement Works

and Construction of

Territory Drains

3 Rejuvenation and

Rehabilitation works

for Water Bodies

4 Operation and

Maintenance

Schedule

9.4.3 Public Private PartnershipJhajjar town has a skeleton of surface drainage system. There improper disposal of rain water gives rise to unhygienic conditions. So, to provide proper and functional drainage network, municipal committee can explore possibilities to involve private sector under Public Private Participation (PPP) on BOT pattern. The project can be made bankable for PPP by combining it with construction and maintenance of roads



Rehabilitation, Improvement, construction and rejuvenation needed to be taken at the earliest while operation and maintenance is the process that must operate on parallel till the end of time frame (refer table 9.3).


Total road length in Jhajjar (Existing) – 66.90km, based on this the total length of drains is 134km. Cost for Up gradation of 134km (@ of 5 lakh per km) is 6.7 crores. Proposed road length of master plan roads is 36km, hence total length of drains comes out to be 72 km. Cost of construction of new drains (@ 0.10 crore per km) is 7.2 crores. This includes drains along the master plan roads only and not the other roads.



62

Source-Wise Solid Waste Generation in Jhajjar

58%26%

6% 3% 4% 1% 2%

Households Shops Vegetable and fruit market

Industrial Construction w aste Hospitals

Floating Population


10 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

10.1 Introduction

Solid waste management, an obligatory function of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) is poorly performed resulting in problems of health, sanitation and environmental degradation in most of the towns. Unless concerted efforts are made to improve the flow of resources to solid waste management and build up systems that incorporate the basic requirements of a proper waste management practice, the problem will keep aggravating.

10.2 Existing Status

10.2.1 Sources & Quantity About 14.1MT of solid waste is generated every day within the administrative jurisdiction of Jhajjar Municipal Committee. The estimation of per capita generation of solid waste calculated at the rate of 355 grams per day on an average for the local inhabitants and for the floating population at the rate of 260 grams per capita per day. In Jhajjar, the major sources of generation of waste at Municipal level are local residents, Bazaar and Vegetable markets, shops and establishments, hospitals and dispensaries, Industrial wastes and construction and demolition waste. The major source of waste generation in the town are households generating are about 57%, followed by shops and commercial establishments generating 25.98 % of the total wastes in the city respectively. At present there is no industrial waste added to the municipal waste, as the industries are located outside the administrative jurisdiction of the local body. At a later stage this will be part of total waste when the proposed development plan gets implemented. (Refer Table 10.1 and Figure 10.1)

Figure 10.1 Source-Wise Solid Waste Generation in Jhajjar-2001

Source: Municipal Solid Waste Management, DPR Jhajjar



Table10.1 Source-Wise Solid Waste Generation in Jhajjar-2001

Sources of waste generation Waste generation per day(MT) % of total

Households 8.02 56.78

Shops and Commercial establishments 3.66 25.98

Vegetable and fruit market 0.86 6.12

Industrial 0.36 2.58

Construction and demolition waste 0.75 3.52

Hospitals and Clinics 0.19 1.38

Floating Population 0.26 1.84

14.10 100.00

Source: Municipal Solid Waste Management, DPR Jhajjar

10.2.2 Composition of Solid Waste

It was found that the waste produced from households, shops and commercial establishments are composed of food and other discarded waste materials such as paper, plastic, glass, metal, rags, packaging materials. Households, shops and commercial establishments in Jhajjar do not practice segregation of recyclable waste at source, evading possibility of reduction in quantity of waste generation at source. Such waste on streets or in the bins of the Jhajjar MC goes to disposal sites un-segregated. In the absence of practice of segregation of waste at source, rag pickers pick up part of this waste in soiled condition.Currently, there is no system of door to door collection of waste. The construction/ demolition waste are also generated in the town to a substantial extent mainly by repair, maintenance and reconstruction activities.

10.2.3 Storage of Solid Waste at Generation Point

The scientific and systematic storage of waste at source is not in practice and in the absence of the desirable system of storage of waste at source; the waste is thrown on the streets, treating streets as receptacle of waste. No segregation of non-biodegradable/ recyclable waste is done either at the source or at the streets/ roads. This hampers the composting process, when dumped along with biodegradable waste, besides causing loss of revenue due to the deprivation of salvage value of the recyclable wastes


Photo 10.1 Solid Waste lying along

Road

64


10.2.4 Collection of Solid Waste

In Jhajjar the systematic collection of waste is non existent, as the system of storage of waste at source is not in practice and yet to be developed. The primary collection of waste is effected through depositing of wastes by waste producers and by the sweepers appointed by Jhajjar MC into the community waste bins. There are few temporary storage points at the town level for storage of the collected waste, of which some are dumper placer bins each with a capacity of about 0.4 MT. The positioning of these bins isn’t specific and the dumper placer bins are repositioned frequently.

10.2.5 Street Cleaning

The process of street sweeping of waste is still in primitive nature in the city. The Sanitary workers sweep the streets using brooms to make small heaps of solid waste. These heaps of solid waste are then taken to the nearest temporary waste storage point. Apart from these, there are many undesignated open yards across the town where sanitary workers collect/ sweep the solid waste during the early hours of morning/ afternoon and make a heap for subsequent transportation. All roads and streets are not cleaned on daily basis. In practice some important roads and markets are swept on alternate days or twice a week, some are swept occasionally or not at all. Total road length to be swept by sweepers includes municipal road of 66 km and other roads of 36 km maintained by PWD B&R. few sanitary workers have been assigned the job of cleaning the drain. Street sweeping is done in two shifts per day.

10.2.6 Transportation of Waste

Jhajjar Municipal Committee has adopted open transport system for transporting the wastes from the open heaped points and temporary storage points to the disposal site. Wastes are collected from various open collection points and temporary storage points which are loaded to the transport vehicle manually. Manual loading was found to be time consuming and reducing the productivity of the vehicles and manpower deployed for the purpose. The waste is generally seen lying in heaps or scattered at the open storage points or around the dustbins giving unsightly appearance besides causing nuisance and unhygienic conditions.


Photo 10.2 Solid Waste Collection Points

Photo 10.3 Transportation of Solid Waste

65


10.2.7 Disposal of Waste

Jhajjar Municipal Committee has one designated garbage dumping site, which is located inside the Municipal limits.

10.2.8 Treatment of Solid Waste

The main objectives of the treatment and disposal are to clear the waste from the disposal site in an environmentally friendly manner with little/no serious implication on the health and hygiene of the micro and macro environment. It is the responsibility of the local body to ensure safe disposal of the wastes generated within jurisdiction. Jhajjar Municipal Committee had adopted only dumping as method of disposal of the waste as on today. Currently the wastes are not treated in a systematic and scientific manner while disposing. No treatment methods are adopted for disposing the wastes. The wastes are just dumped without segregation of biodegradable and non biodegradable wastes. In case of bio-medical waste, the wastes are set fire as mode of disposal at the civil hospital but the private nursing homes disposes it into the temporary storage points.

10.3 Future Generation Trends

The projected generation of waste has been calculated according to the norms/standards prescribed in the manual on municipal solid waste management of Ministry of Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation as given in table 10.2.

Table10.2 Standards for Solid Waste Generation in Towns/Cities

Population range Average per capita value(grams/capita/day)

Less than one Lakh 210

One Lakh to five Lakh 210

Source: Manual on Solid Waste Management, MoUD & PA

In Jhajjar, the municipal area with projected population of 1.0 lakhs is estimated to generate around 21 MT of solid waste per day at 210 gm / cap / day, by the year 2021. Such a high volume of waste generation demands a strategic approach for disposal in


Photo 10.4 Solid Waste Dumping Site

66


addition of the need for initiating steps to reduce, recover, reuse and recycling strategies in Jhajjar.


It is observed that storage and segregation at source is generally absent in Jhajjar. Waste generated from the major markets in the town lack adequate storage facilities. The wastes are not treated in a systematic and scientific manner while disposing. The habit of dumping of waste in streets and on open and vacant plots may cause not only health hazard and fire but also a potential breeding ground for vectors and diseases. It may also contaminate ground water. Most serious hazard posing as of today is the non segregation of hospital waste into the solid waste before disposing it off. In brief following deficits are noted in the town:

1. Poor collection system specially in the narrow lanes2. Lack of coverage.3. Mixed variety of organic and inorganic solid waste.4. Unsanitary conditions in and around community bins.5. Handling of specialized wastes.6. Shortage of transport vehicles.7. Shortcoming of landfill sites.8. Organisational inadequacies.9. Shortage of equipment and committed supervision staff.10. Financial stringency.


10.5.1 Vision The vision for Jhajjar is to provide to its citizens an environmentally friendly and sustainable waste management system with complete safe disposal facilities by putting in place waste reduction and recovery mechanisms.

Table 10.3: Goals and service Outcomes-Solid Waste Management

S.No. Goal 2011 2016 2021

1 Door to Door Collection 80% 100% 100%

2 Source Segregation 80% 100% 100%

3 Mechanized Handling of Waste 100% 100% 100%

4 Scientific Disposal 100% 100% 100%

5 Waste to Energy Generation 40% 70% 100%

6 Cost Recovery (percent of O&M) 5% 15% 40%



Solid waste /management plan should be prepared keeping in mind the goals and service outcome stated in table 10.3 and the design criteria given in table 10.4.


Description Unit Based on CPHEEO

Norms

2021

Population In Lakh 100000

Per capita Waste Generation Grams/day 210

Collection Type - Door-to-Door Collection

and Segregation of Waste at

Source

Collection Demand Percent of Generation 100

Vehicle Capacity Adequacy Percent of Rated

Capacity

100

Treatment Type - Composing of Waste &

Sanitary Landfill

Treatment Demand Percent of Generation 100

Total Solid Waste

Generation

MT 21

Collection and treatment of whole of 21MT of waste generated in the near future should be targeted and achieved. (refer table 10.4)



Table 10.5: Details of Specification of Segregated Waste

S.No. Source Storage of Segregated Waste

Bio-Degradable Non-Bio-degradable

1 Households 10-15 liters capacity plastic/reinforced

plastic/LDPE/metal bin with lid

A bin or Bag of Suitable Size

2 Hotels, Restaurants 60 liters capacity-LDPE/HDPE A bin or Bag of Suitable Size

3 Shops, Offices,

Institutions

Suitable container not exceeding 60 liters A bin or Bag of Suitable Size

4 Market Stalls 40-60 liters bin-LDPE/HDPE A bin or Bag of Suitable Size

5 Function Halls Bin/skip matching to Municipal Collection

system

A bin or bag of Suitable size

6 Hospitals, Nursing

homes

60 liters capacity bin for non-infectious bio-

degradable waste

Store waste as per Biomedical Waste mgmt.

Handling Rules 1998

7 Construction/Demolition

waste

- Store with in premises and deposit in the

notified site by the local body or to the

Municipal Vehicle

8 Garden Waste Store with in premises Deposit in large community bin or to the

municipal vehicle



Table 10.6: Details of Proposed Primary Collection System

Mode of Collection Area of Collection Primary Collection Vehicle Secondary Storage

Door to Door 1. Residential colonies of

High and Middle income

group

Multi-bin cart/tricycle-with2

bins for Biodegradable waste

and 1 for recycle bin

Bio-degradable in Skips/wheel containers 2.Non-

biodegradable-Sell or hand over to waste Collector

2.Hotels/Restaurants Closed vehicle to collect

Biodegradable

Direct Transport to Disposal site

Large Community Bin

System

Fruit & Vegetable

Markets/Transfer

Stations

Carrying bins to Transfer Point Skip/ Dumper Placer

Small Community Bin

System

Slums/urban poor

Colonies

Carrying bins to transfer Point Transfer contents of biodegradable to community

bins

The mode of collection and storage should be area based like door to door collection could be done for residential colonies and in hotels while the large community bins should be placed in fruit and vegetable markets. Similarly, small community bins should be placed in slums. (refer table 10.6)



Table 10.7: Strategies and Time Frame – Solid Waste Management

S. No. Strategy 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

1 Door to Door Collection

2 Introduction of Twin Bin System

at Storage

3 Source Segregation

4 Mechanization of Transportation

5 Fleet Management System

6 Development of Compost Plant

7 Development of Scientific

Landfill Site

8 IEC Activities

Door to door collection and segregation should be taken up on war footing while the development of Compost plant and sanitary land filling site can be taken up in later stages. (refer table 10.7)



10.5.2 Strategies10.5.2.1 Short term Strategies

The electronic media (radio & TV) and print media (local newspapers, pamphlets etc) for propagating and creating public awareness and participation of target groups while conceiving and implementing the action plan.

Sanitary landfill sites need to be developed as per norms and standards provided in the Manual for Municipal Solid Waste Management. This also provides direction for handling of medical and hazardous wastes. This project can be undertaken by a private entrepreneur and the land may be provided on lease.

The success of any solid waste management scheme can be measured through the extent of co-operation of people, effectiveness of the proposed system and operational efficiency. While the effectiveness of the system and operational efficiency can be improved through HRD and capacity building, the co-operation of people can be achieved through information, Education and communication (IEC) techniques. During such campaign, strategies for waste reduction, reuse and recycling (R-R-R) may also be propagated for deriving long term benefits. The target group for that awareness programme will be the first the School children and teachers through promoting schools as models of clean living and healthy environments and training school teachers and students as motivators and informal change agents for involving families and communities in segregation of waste at source and strategies for waste reduction, reuse and recycling. Then community leaders holding of locality wise meeting and group discussion with local people. Local NGO’s, Elite groups and religious leaders etc.

Waste collection bins, separately for segregation of wastes into biodegradable and non-biodegradable needs to be placed at various collection sites.

Vermiculture: .Vermiculture may be adopted for biodegradable waste. It will help to make the system self sustaining.

Institutional capacity building measures are required to be taken in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of solid waste management at each stage such as waste collection, transfer/ transportation, treatment and disposal. There is a need to associate NGO’s/ Private sector also in this regard. The combination of private sector and public sector in proportionate ratio will be right option.

10.5.2.2 Long term Strategies Solid Waste Management Plan need to be prepared and implemented. Public awareness needs to be created through mass media, school education

curriculum and through resident welfare association etc.



Safe and separate storage as well as door step collection of bio medical waste, hotel and industrial yard waste etc on full cost recovery basis.

Building byelaws need to be notified to ensure provision of refuge collection.

10.5.2.3 Public Private Partnership: Private organizations need to be involved for collection, segregation, storage and

disposal and they may be permitted to use waste material for recycling or otherwise for commercial purposes.

Dustbin should be located at suitable place in the residential areas/ manholes /bazaars keeping in view the public convenience. While deciding the location it may be ensured that the dustbin is not placed in front of a residential plot/ shop. The design of the dustbin/ garbage bins should be such that the garbage does not spillover the bins and an unhygienic condition is not created around the same. The advertisement right on dustbins / garbage bin may be given to the professional agencies on PPP basis against which the agency shall provide and maintain the said dustbins/ garbage bins for a minimum period of three years.

10.6 Financial implications

Assuming investment at the rate of Rs 5 Lakhs per Metric Tonnes total financial requirement for Jhajjar town will be Rs. 1.05 Crores.



73


11 ELECTRICITY

11.1 Introduction

Electricity is an important aspect of the physical infrastructure that requires planning, development and management for improved quality, productivity and economic activities. It has become one of the life line of modern day life. Town becomes handicap without proper and uninterrupted supply of electricity.


11.1.1 Electricity Consumption

There is an existing 132 KV electric substation on Gurgaon road which can serve up to 1 lakh population. Another 33KV electric substation is there near the town with 6 mega volts load being upgraded into 12.6 mega volts to meet the deficit demand by adjusting it within the existing substation. Daily peak hour demand is 1 lakh unit per day. The segregation of this consumption is as shown in table 11.1. The electricity supply in the town at an average is 17-18 hours per day with an average daily cut of 6-7 hours.

Table 11.1 Electrical Connections for Various Uses in Jhajjar, 2005-06

S. No. Uses No. Of Connections

1 Domestic 26303

2 NDS 3009

3 Industrial 280

4 Tube Wells 1480

5 W/W 70

6 Banks 3

7 Street Light 4

8 Irrigation 1

9 Others 2

Total 31152Source: Uttari Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam


Photo 11.1 Power House

74


The number of connections under various categeories is as shown in table 11.1. It indicates that the load of electricity under domestic, industrial and tubewell uses constitutes almost half of the total use.

11.1.2 Demand-Supply gap

The demand and supply of electricity for Jhajjar town calculated. The peak load in Jhajjar Town has been projected to 12.47 MW in the year 2021. (Refer Table 11.2)

Table 11.2 Energy Requirement and Peak Load in Jhajjar

Aspects 2000-01(Actual)

2006-07 2011-12 2016-17 2020-21

Energy Requirement (MU) 36 45.94 93.24 161.4 249.07

Growth Rate (%) 1.5 1.16 1.66 1.57 1.43

Load Factor (%) 12.2 10.55 13.29 11.83 10.74

Peak Load (MW) 6.5 7.4 15.53 26.33 40.61Source: Based on Regional Plan 2021 of NCR

11.1.3 Tariff Structure

Domestic connections are charged at the rate of Rs. 2.63 per unit for the first 40 units an addition of RS. 0.10 per unit as electric duty and Rs. 0.05 per unit as municipal tax. From 40 units to 300 units is charged @ Rs. 3.63 per unit in an addition of Rs. 0.10 per unit as electric duty and Rs. 0.05 per unit as municipal tax. For above 300 units, charges are Rs. 4.28 per unit with same electricity duty and municipal tax. Commercial Connections are charged at Rs. 4.19 per unit in addition to similar electricity duty and municipal tax. Industrial consumptions are charged at Rs. 4.28 per unit in light industries. For large industries, the tariff varies on with the use of different load lines like Rs. 4.09 for 11KV, Rs. 3.97 for 33KV, Rs. 3.85 for 66/132KV and Rs 3.77 for 220KV excluding Municipal Committee tax of Rs. 0.05 per unit.


For the projected population of 7.00 lakh in the year 2021, the projected peak load is 329.40 MW. Non-conventional source for energy generation has not been explored. The only source of power supply is from northern grid. The status of power supply in Jhajjar has not kept pace with the increasing population and the growth of economic activities.Street light are important part of infrastructure of any city. The streets of any city should be well lit to provide proper safety and security to the residents as well as to the travelers to the city. None of street lights or high mast lights are installed properly in the city.




11.4.1 Vision

The vision for Jhajjar is to provide continuous supply of power using conventional as well non-conventional sources and create an efficient management system for recovery of investment.

Table 11.3: Goals and Service Outcomes – Street Lighting

S.No. Goal 2011 2017 2021

1 Energy Saving

Mechanisms

100% 100% 100%

2 Adequate lighting

in Non-lit areas

100% 100% 100%

To achieve the above said vision it is a necessity to have energy saving systems and adequate lighting in black areas or non lit areas of the town. .(refer table 11.3)

Table 11.4: Strategies and Time Frame Street Lighting

S.

No.

Strategy 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

1 Conversion of

Existing tube

Lights to Retro

fits

2 Power saver

switches for SVL

Lamps and high

power lamps

3 Provision of new

lighting system

for the Non-lit

areas and

emerging areas



11.4.2 Strategies

In order to meet the additional demand, there is need to have new power plants in the sub-region. Site has been identified for 3X500 MW power plant at Jhajjar district and at Jhajjar. Modern techniques for load management must be adopted to flatten the load curve and reduce the peak demand in the system to a manageable proportion. In addition, emphasis should be given for promoting non-conventional energy resources such as solar energy plants to meet a part of the power demand for uses like street light. With the help of modern techniques, power should be generated from solid waste on the public-private partnership basis.

11.4.3 Public Private Partnership:

Private participation may be involved in distribution, operation and maintenance and collection of charges on NCT Delhi pattern.


Table 11.5 Energy Requirement in Jhajjar

Phase Additional

Capacity Required

in MW

Cost of Power

Generation

(@ Rs. 4 crores/MW)

Cost of Transmission/

Distribution

(@2.5 Crores/ MW)

Total Cost

2006-2012 4.11 16.44 10.28 26.72

2012-2017 15.42 61.68 38.55 100.23

2017-2021 29.18 116.72 72.95 189.67

Total 48.71 194.84 121.78 316.62

Financial implications for the block years 2006-2012, 2012-2017 and 2017-2021 estimated to the tune of Rs. 26.72crores, 100.23crores and 189.67crores respectively. (Refer Table 11.5)



77


12 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT

12.1 Introduction

Transport infrastructure forms the backbone of any economy and plays an important role in the development of a town/city. The objectives of studying transport sector are to understand and analyze the present scenario of the city and to understand existing potentials and scope of development.

12.2 Existing status

12.2.1 Linkage to Jhajjar Town

Jhajjar town is located on the national Highway no. 71 and is very well linked with surrounding region through a network of state highways and district roads. This town is not linked with the railway network.

12.2.2 Transport Facilities

Table 12. 3 Various Types of Roads in Jhajjar, 2003-04

Type of Road Length of Road(Km) % To the Total Road Length

Bituminous Top Roads 19.80 29.60

Cement Concrete Roads 19.20 28.70

Brick Paved Roads 5.00 7.47

Kutcha Roads 22.90 34.23

Total 66.90 100

Source: Jhajjar Municipal Committee

The total length of all kinds of roads in Jhajjar town is 66.90 kilometer. 29.60% of the total road length falls under bituminous category and 28.70 % the concrete category. The total length of brick paved road length of 7.47 km while Kutcha roads amount to 34.23 Km, as shown in Table 12.1 and Figure 12.1


Photo12.1 Roundabout in Jhajjar

78

Type Of Roads

30%

29%7%

34%

Bituminous Top Roads Cement Concrete Roads

Brick Paved Roads Kutcha Roads


Figure 12.1 Types of Roads in Jhajjar 2003-04

Source :District Statistical Handbook, Jhajjar , 2003-04

The National Highway 71 has many commercial activities concentrated along both sides .

In old town area, the street pattern is gridiron and does not follow any fixed pattern. Lack of adequate parking space in the commercial areas and bus stand leads to the roadside parking of vehicles in the bazaar and other commercial areas causing traffic problems and degradation of the environment.

Streets are narrow and do not facilitate any alternate route for circulation. The inner areas have very less Road width and cattles moving on the road frequently. Therefore people have to face the problem of vehicle movement. Lack of adequate parking space in the commercial areas, Bus Stand and Railway station leads to the encroachment of road for parking of vehicles & congestion, bottleneck and delays in travel time.

For rapid growth of Jhajjar town, transportation issues have assumed critical importance. Since the proportionate growth of road length in the Jhajjar area has been almost static, traffic congestion has increased leading to endless transportation gridlocks. (Refer Map 12.1)


Photo12.2 Congestion on road

Photo 12.3 Internal Roads

79


12.2.3 Traffic Management in Jhajjar

The encroachment by the informal sector on the road side creates a major transportation issue. This increase traffic congestion in the area.Growth in the surrounding areas and the concentration of substantial economic activity in the town has resulted in heavy flows being pumped into the core, which has limited road capacity leading to traffic bottlenecks. Substantial external-to-external flows across the core area are also generated due to its strategic location; these flows are being funneled through existing travel corridors of town area, thus accentuating the congestion and accident problem.

12.3

Issues and Concerns

Major issues concerning traffic related problems in the town are: Congestion in high volume corridors in the core areaNon-standard configurations of intersections leading to increased conflicts.No parking spaces.Increasing volumes of highly flexible two wheeled scooters and motorcycles.


Photo 12.6 Encroachment by the informal sector

Photo 12.4 Bad Condition of Roads

Photo 12.5 Katcha Road, Jhajjar

80


Water logging problem in Bus stand workshop area . Problem at Railway crossing because it is situated in middle of the town. That creates traffic and congestion problem.

12.4 Policies and Plans

12.4.1 Vision

The vision for Jhajjar town is to create efficient and affordable transportation network and to improve the traffic management for easy movement in the town area.

Table 12.2: Goals and Service Outcomes-Roads & Traffic Management

S.No. Goal 2011 2017 2021

1 Percentage

reduction in

Travel Time

25% 30% 30%

2 Riding Comfort 60% 100% 100%

3 Transport Safety 80% 100% 100%

For achieving the 100% development there is some goal and their service outcome which shows the year wise development of Traffic Management ending by 2021. Up to 2021 all goal should be achieved for the whole town development.(refer table 12.2)

12.4.2 Strategies

The major problem in transportation network is the encroachment on right of way on major road that is on railway station road, which has effectively reduced the carriageway and subsequently its capacity. In Jhajjar there is very big Mandi. Due to this Mandi it has heavy traffic flow of tractors and loading unloading also takes place. Narrow roads and sharp turns make the situation worse. Roads are not properly equipped with signage, road marking, street names and street furniture, further the situation is aggravated in slum areas where roads are not paved, lanes are narrow with potholes and without street light. The strategies are towards to ensure quality of transport network and its compatibility with land uses. To provide reliable and efficient transport network by 2021 and improving the road conditions to withstand the traffic to be generated by that time short-term as well as long term measures need to be taken.



Bicycle and RickshawsGenerally, traffic and transport improvement plans in Indian cities have not included improvement for bicycle and rickshaw infrastructure. Often traffic improvement plans have lead to road widening, traffic signalization, however needs for creating bicycle friendly infrastructure has been ignored. In Jhajjar town bicycle and cycle rickshaw have to be promoted because they provide environment friendly and affordable mobility to large section of society. Cycle rickshaw plays an important role for goods transport in the core of the town and is a means of livelihood for unskilled labor. The major roads and peripheral roads of the town can be planned on gridiron pattern. The Strategy and time frame of development work is divided into different years work growth rate for Traffic and transportation Management. This shows that the work will completed by 2013 in various stages. Table 12.3 shows the Strategy and time frame for work completion.

Table 12.3 Strategies and Time Frame – Roads & Traffic Management

S.

No

.

Strategy 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

1 Upgradation of

Roads

2 Formation of New

Roads

3 Pedestrianization

& Signages

4 Parking

Management

5 Junction

Improvement

6 Widening and

Strengthening

7 Bridges

Flyover/Elevated

Highway

8 ROB/RUB



&Pedestrian

subway

9 Integration &

Upgradation of SH

Network with NH

10 Provision of Bus

Shelter

12.4.2.1 Short term measures

Short-term measures include intersection improvement, signalization etc., to be taken up regularly. These measures should be taken up on a continuous basis as the travel characteristics and loading of different links, intersections etc., and adjusted to natural growth and changes in land use.

Land-use interventions:

Encourage “Transit Oriented Development” with high density areas at or close to public transport stationsAllow land use changes from time to time, (including for public/government uses) to enable efficiency in urban structure through market forces.Discourage sprawl through introduction of vacant land tax and levy of “Transport Impact Fee” on developments in the periphery.Encroachment on all roads needs to be removed for better flow of traffic especially at internal roads.Parking lots should be provided on the strategic location in commercial areas as well as places around the temples to avoid nuisance caused by the unorganized parking and helping in easy flow of traffic.Street lights, signage and road markings to be introduced on all roads and intersections.Town roads inside the core area should be widened as far as possible to avoid encroachment and misuse at later stage.All the roads/lanes in slum clusters are to be paved with proper drainage system in these areas.An urban transport development fund at the state level to convert plans into actions would greatly benefit the small and medium towns. The Fund to be financed in part by development charges/betterment levy and possible cess or part of petrol cess collected currently in the country. The Fund’s mandate would include policy support, project development including in PSP formats and implementation support.



The cross-sections of the roads should be planned with pedestrian footpath, service roads, cycle tracks, mix traffic lanes, bus lanes, and a wide median (for future expansion, right turning lanes, etc.) based on the hierarchy of the road and R/W. All roads in urban areas should be either paved or green covered.Road levels should be permanently fixed, so that re-carpeting does not change the road levels from time to time affecting the drainage and other parameters. The road intersections should be properly designed as per various IRC guidelines by providing channelizers, signals, underpass, and grade separated interchanges, signals coordination synchronization, Automatic Traffic Control systems, etc

Roads and Traffic Management

Design Criteria. Strategy shall focus to have 100% coverage of surfaced roads including up-gradation of roads.

It is proposed to improve the condition of existing roads through up gradation, widening and strengthening.

Asset Rehabilitation. Up gradation shall be undertaken to extend, refurbish and enhance the roads. Plans would be phased so as to optimize cost and surface condition and shall include upgrading earthen roads to Bituminous Topped roads. This phased up-gradation would considerably reduce the costs on new formations.

Widening and Strengthening of road Structure. With due consideration to the growing traffic intensity it has been proposed to upgrade all the major roads with specific focus on the State and National Highways and some major roads. It is proposed to widen and strengthen, existing network along the ULB periphery and develop it is a Internal Ring Road. It is proposed to develop the roads as two lane divided carriage way facility, with flyovers and ROB’s at major junctions and railway crossing respectively.

Parking. Parking spaces must be provided at appropriate locations, on-street/off street, with proper management, and use of ITS. Appropriate parking fees should be levied to manage the demand and reflect the cost of the urban land used up for the purpose.

Traffic Management Plan. These shall focus of junction improvements, traffic management within core areas of the town, regional level proposals, parking and pedestrian facilities. It has been observed that, in most of the major roads in the town pedestrians are forced to use the carriageway due to the absence or poorly maintained



footpaths. Footpaths of 1.5m wide are proposed along the major roads where heavy pedestrian movements are observed. For traffic safety and convenience, appropriate signs, marking lighting, guideposts are required to be provided on curves, intersections, public utility places, etc. Proposals for road furniture are made considering the importance of the road, safety and aesthetic. The design of the road furniture and quality proposed are of international standards. It is proposed to provide the following road furniture for the roadway:Kilometer stones on the major roads200 m furlong stonesRoad painting using reflectorized thermoplastic road paintingHigh intensity grade informatory, regulatory and cautionary sign boardsStreet lights on all major roads within the municipal limits, which have been considered for improvement.High mast lighting at all major junctionsStop signsPlace identification signs

12.4.2.2 Long term measures

Master plan for transport network of Jhajjar town should be prepared to dovetail land uses with transport network.Institutional integration must be set in motion merging responsibilities for transport management and land development at the town level. Reliable and unified vehicle registration database for future demand management needs to be initiated.The physical, institutional and socio-economic environment, in which bicycle and cycle-rickshaws are operating, needs to be documented and understood. This can help in creating policies, design guidelines and infrastructure, where bicycle and cycle rickshaw can co-exist with rapid motorization and continue to provide environment friendly mobility option to Jhajjar residents.There is a need of a state level transport regulator with branches at city level in the public transport domain. The transport regulator can ensure fair prices to transport operator while maintaining quality of services. The presence of a regulator will also encourage the private corporate sector to invest in this area. This is important, as small individual operators do not have the required technical, financial or managerial competence. Large town’s region can have more then one private sector company to run bus services, and this will result in more competition and better services. It will also free up resources for the government.



As economic activities especially Mandi activities in cities expand and city population grows, a substantial amount of freight traffic would be generated. The timely and smooth movement of such freight is crucial to the well being of the people and the viability of the economic activities they undertake. However, with limited capacity of the transport system, it is essential that freight traffic and passenger traffic are so staggered as to make optimum use of the transport infrastructure, it is a time honored and tested practice to use off-peak passenger travel times to move freight. Many cities have earmarked late night ours for the movement of freight and restricted the entry of heavy vehicles into cities during day time. Further, several cities have by-passes that enable through traffic to go around the city and not add to city traffic. These practices are sound and would be encouraged in this town also. Similarly, facilities for the parking of freight vehicles out side city limits, such as truck terminals, would also be encouraged through public-private partnerships. Proposals for such facilities would be considered under the National Renewal Mission.Comprehensive planning of the storm water drain network is extremely important to ensure road quality. Timely planning is essential to keep the drains in working condition. There should also be a mandatory plan for drainage during the construction activities to ensure the flow storm water. A mechanism (say by out-sourcing) should be developed by local urban bodies to monitor & maintain the drainage system. Rain water harvesting should be adopted to prevent flooding. Use of porous concrete for footpaths/shoulders/etc. should be considered for maximum charge of ground water and minimum surface run off. De-silting of storm water drains (development of de-silting ponds) should be taken up to avoid flooding and also to clean water before discharge.An urban transport development fund at the state level to convert plans into actions would greatly benefit the small and medium towns. The Fund to be financed in part by development charges/betterment levy and possible cess or part of petrol cess collected currently in the country. The Fund’s mandate would include policy support, project development including in PSP formats and implementation support.

12.4.2.3 Public Private Partnership

1. Indication / direction boards may be provided at suitable locations on main roads to indicate the residential areas or important places in the town. The residential areas indication boards may have overhead signage boards that are erected across the road or small hoarding may be erected on the beams at entry to the residential areas.

2. The overhead signage on the highways and major roads may be erected as per the Indian Road Congress/ International standards. Residential area indication boards/ direction boards, indication boards for parks, [public buildings and offices may be got designed through an expert agency.



3. The advertisement right at the bottom of the Indication / direction boards may be given to the professional agencies on PPP basis against which the agency shall provide and maintain the said Indication / direction boards for a minimum period of three years.

Outer ring road/ bypass along with its drainage system can be through Public private partnership on BOT mode. The project can be made bankable and following incentives may be considered:

1. Collection of Toll tax2. Allowing development/ management of parking areas in the town.3. Given right to develop commercial/ residential areas in the town and Provision of

infrastructure like power, water etc at discounted rates to these areas.4. Tax holidays.

It is suggested that all above facilities can be provided with the help of Private sector under the model of Built Operate Transfer (BOT). Development of drains and roads can be clubbed together.

Guard Railings, Rotaries and Tree Guards:

1. The Guard Railings and Tree Guards may be provided and maintained on PPP basis by giving advertisement right to the professional private agency after calling Expression of Interest.

2. The rotaries on the roads crossings are proposed to be developed and maintained on PPP basis by giving advertisement right to the professional private agencies as per norms of Indian Road Congress. The design of these rotaries are required to be prepared at DPR stage

3. There is tremendous increase in traffic. Although there is a bypass still many vehicles crisscross the city creating congestion. So, there is a need to redesign and remodel all rotaries in the town. These rotaries can be redesigned on BOO basis where the private entrepreneurs can Built operate and own these rotaries.

Foot over bridges/ escalators:

1. The design of Foot over bridges/ escalators must be site specific and Expression of Interest may be invited for the particular site on PPP basis with the following modalities.

2. The site selection and choice of design shall be made by a committee consisting of Senior Town Planner/ District Town Planner, Executive Officer/ Secretary, M.Cs under the chairmanship of Deputy Commissioner, Jhajjar.



3. A standard tender document and draft agreement to be entered with the agency for the leasing the utilities shall be supplied by Director, Urban Local Bodies, Haryana.

4. The concerned Executive Officer/ Secretary may call the tenders giving wide publicity through the press and other media.

5. The committee consisting of District Town Planner/ Executive Officer/executive concerned headed by the concerned Deputy Commissioner shall approve the allotment to the highest bidder.

6. The concerned Executive Officer/ Secretary shall enter into the agreement with the agency for leasing the advertisement right for utilities to be created.

12.4.3 Freight Expressway

In Jhajjar it is proposed that a comprehensive road network for freight expressway connecting all district headquarters, Mandi Towns and Industrial Towns shall be undertaken to boost the economy of the town and its surrounding regions by giving efficient and reliable road connectivity to market its product in the country and abroad.


The cost of short-term or immediate measures, which take care of the improvement/up gradation of the existing 66.90 km of road length, as discussed in the report, works out to be Rs 16.73 Crores (@ Rs. 25 lakhs per km). The cost of construction/ improvement/up gradation of 36 km master plan roads will be 16.20 crores (@ Rs. 45 lakhs per km).This is excluding the cost of proposed over bridges and bypass and also freight expressway. It could be calculated when the detail plan will be prepare. Initially we can assume Rs 25 crores for this project. The net cost required to meet all finances will be Rs. 57.93 crores.

Detail study of traffic volume, delay and accidents should be conducted and accordingly the proposals should be modified to examine the exact finances required.

13 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

13.1 Introduction

Social infrastructure has been recognized as a growth-stimulating and sustaining route in planning. The effectiveness of social infrastructure in achieving the objective of city


Total Cost of the Project : Rs. 57.93 Crores

88


development plan would depend upon its capacity to contribute to improvement in the quality of life, enhanced self-dependency and town’s sustainability, creation of livable town through reducing the sense of alienation among the residents with less dependence on other settlements for basic infrastructure. The analysis is based on facilities available through government and government-aided institutions. It does not include facilities provided by private entrepreneur and charitable institutions.


13.2.1 Education

With respect to educational facilities, Jhajjar town has one college, two higher secondary schools and three primary schools that are unevenly located to serve the existing as well as proposed population. As per the present conditions and UDPFI guidelines there is gap of 10 primary schools and 7 senior secondary school. (Refer Table 13.1)

13.2.2 Health

Jhajjar has got one hospitals. There are one primary health centre and no dispensaries. There are twelve doctors and twelve nurses. However, private hospitals are mushrooming all over the towns and most of them are not according to the standards. There is a requirement of 3 dispensaries as per present gap in the city and UDPFI guidelines. (Refer Table 13.1)

13.2.3 General Public Services

The recreational facility is in the form of just one park in the city and well maintained by municipality. There are no cinemas halls in the town but three video theatres are running in the town. There is need of community centres and clubs too.

Fire Services

There are no hydrants in the town. even the fire department has got one van to douse any fire in the town and its surroundings. The fire department has one fire officer, ten firemen, and three leading firemen.


Photo 13.1 Shaheedi Park

89


The most recent fire in Munda Heda about 25 km away from the town was doused in 2-3 hours. The reason of the fire was by gas cylinder which is predominantly the major cause of fire in this area. Although there was no casualty reported, valuables worth 3000-4000 were lost.

There are no multistory buildings in the town and no one takes any NOC from fire department before or after any construction work.

13.2.4 Law and Order Police

Regarding law and order problems, often it is found that after committing crime in Delhi, criminals take refuge in UP and Haryana towns. In view of similarity with pattern of crime and operation a perspective plan by police moderation of NCR towns was suggested. This entails improvement of human as well as material resources of police in the jurisdiction of Haryana and other NCR states. In this connection recently an agenda has been adopted to establish Police University in NCR on lines of Scotland Yard. This university will train selected police officers of Haryana and other NCR states. Hence it is proposed that the same university may be established at Jhajjar or Samalkha where adequate land and connectivity in available to establish such Police University which will be first of its kind in India.

Table 13.1 Social Amenities in Jhajjar Town

Health Facility No

Hospitals 1

Beds 36

Doctors 12

Nurses 12

Primary health centers 4

Dispensaries 0

Maternity and Child Centre 1

Schools Primary, Nursery 6

Secondary and Higher Secondary 2

Public libraries 0

Higher education Degree Colleges 1

Professional institutions 2

Recreational Gardens/open parks 1

Cinema 0

Clubs 0

Community Centre 0

Others Police stations 1

Fire Stations 1


Photo 13.2 Fire office, Jhajjar

90


Post offices 3

Source: District Statistical Handbook, 2003-04, Jhajjar


The social infrastructure components have the potential to contribute to the development of effective population absorbing capacity of the town. Apart from the conventional components of health and education infrastructure, recreation facilities, open spaces, and crime management infrastructure are some of other important aspects. The Urban Development Plan Formulation and Implementation guidelines issued by Ministry of Urban Development & Poverty alleviation in this regard are to be followed. The principal of equity would require the needs of the poor should not be overlooked and the flexible norms should be adopted to generate resources to develop the specific social infrastructure which if required, finance a cross subsidy from outside the government exchequer. The analysis of gap in social infrastructure considers only government and government-aided institutions and not those facilities provided by private entrepreneurs and charitable institutions. Thus, the real gaps look exaggerated and require detailed primary survey to prepare master plan for social infrastructure for Jhajjar town. (refer Table 13.2)


To attract the foreign direct investment in the integrated township development, one of the complication would be the availability of good educational and medical system which includes both formal and non formal system, quality technical education and medical facilities, universities and business schools, speciality hospitals, suitability/ adaptability of the systems of education for expatriates and availability of advanced/ highly specialized fields of education and medicine. The total financial implication for social infrastructure facilities estimated to the tune of 28.66 Crores including 20.89 crores for education, 3.80 crores for health, 1.77 crores for recreational facilities while the rest 2.2 crores is earmarked for setting up of fire station and Police station in the town.



Table 13.2 Financial Implications for Social Infrastructure

S.

No. Facilities

Existing Gap Additional Requirement Total Requirements

Base Year 2006 (0.51 lakh) 2006-12 (0.23lakh) 2012-17 (0.19lakh) 2017-21 (0.19 lakh) Existing + Plan Period

Number Cost Number Cost Number Cost Number Cost Number Cost

Education

1 Primary School 10 1.12 15 1.68 17 1.90 20 2.20 62 6.90

Senior secondary school 7 2.11 10 3.02 12 3.62 14 4.20 43 12.95

3School for handicapped 1 for

45,000 pop 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.11 1 0.11

4.Integrated School with Hostel

facility 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.40 1 0.40

5.Integrated School without Hostel

facility 1 0.11 2 0.22 1 0.11 1 0.11 5 0.55

Sub-Total 3.34 4.92 5.61 7.02 20.89

Health

6 Poly clinic 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.19 1 0.19

Nursing home, child welfare and

maternity centre 1 0.19 2 0.38 3 0.57 1 0.19 7 1.33

7 Dispensary 3 0.36 5 0.60 7 0.84 4 0.48 19 2.28

Sub-Total 0.55 0.98 1.41 0.86 3.80

Recreation

8 Community Hall 3 0.29 6 0.58 2 0.19 4 0.36 15 1.42

9 Recreational club 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.19 1 0.19

10 Music, dance and drama centre 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.06 1 0.06



11 Meditation and spritual centre 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.10 1 0.10

Sub-Total 0.29 0.58 0.19 0.71 1.77

Others

12 Police station 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.1 1 1.1

13 Fire station 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.1 1 1.1

Sub-Total 0 0 0 2.2 2.2

Grand Total (in crores) 4.18 6.48 7.21 10.79 28.66

Source: District Statistical Office and UDPFI Guidelines,

The cost of development of town Level Park in the town comes out to Rs 5 crores excluding the cost of land.

So, the net finances required for development of social infrastructure in the town would be Rs. (28.66+ 5) 33.66 crores.



14 SERVICES TO URBAN POOR

14.1 Introduction

When a rural migrant comes in a city, they discover that the housing, jobs, amenities that had pulled them to the city are not available or inaccessible or beyond their affordable limit. As a result in Jhajjar, 23% population lives in slum settlements making a living with minimal informal resources that is available to them.

Slums are essentially the products of urban poverty. Population living in slums lacks access to basic services like safe water supply, sanitation, solid waste disposal, drainage, access roads, street lights, and neighbourhood amenities like safe play area for children and community facilities, and electricity connection, health and education facilities


14.2.1 Population below Poverty Line

It is now widely understood that poverty is experienced through a variety of dimensions of which low income is only one of them. Further that with in the poor, there are important differences in depths of poverty, the ability of poor households to graduate from poverty and the relative vulnerability of different groups to withstand risks to livelihood such as unemployment, sickness and eviction

At present, the number of people living below the poverty line (BPL) is 1931. The BPL population is quite substantial and constitutes around 4.9% percent of the total population. They mainly belong to Scheduled Caste and Other Backward Class (SC & OBC).

14.2.2 Growth of Slums and Slum Population

Jhajjar is characterized by significant presence of the urban poor, with a growing poverty profile. Slum settlements have multiplied over decades and the living conditions of the poor have not improved. Environmental decline, inadequate basic services


Photo 14.1 Slums in Jhajjar

Photo 14.2 Status of Infrastructure in

Slums

94


and infrastructure in the poor settlements hit the poor hardest. Slums are scattered across the town, with high population densities and the number of people inhabiting them estimated to be around Nine thousand and fifty six only. (Table 14.1)

The growth of population of Jhajjar town has been very fast. Provision of civic amenities by the Municipal Committee has not been in commensurate to its fast growth. The persons living in such colonies/slums are economically weak; and are not expected to pay higher development charges or the other municipal charges even at a normal rate.

Table 14.1 Slums in Jhajjar

Source: Municipal Solid waste Manual, Jhajjar

In the Municipal area, there are 8 slums with an approximate population of Nine thousand and fifty six, which are spread over the whole town, which is a cause for concern and requires appropriate strategies. Another concern is that several of them are non-notified making it difficult for the provision of infrastructure and other services on sustainable basis. Some of the slums in the MUNICIPAL COMMITTEE, JHAJJAR area are very old established more than two decades ago and continue to suffer deprivations.

U

14.2.3 Socio-Economic Characteristics of Slum Population

Presently there are 8 slum area inhabited by 9056 persons. It shows that at present approximately 23% population of the town lives in slum areas where civic condition are very pathetic because the Municipal Committee has not been able to provide basic civic amenities in these slum areas.


Sl. No. Name of Slum Population

1. Mata Gate 727

2. Sita Ram Gate 1154

3. Goshiyan Mohalla 673

4. Beri Gate 1963

5. Silani Gate 1236

6. Chawani 1763

7. Arya Nagar 960

8. Adarsh Nagar 580

Total 9056

95


14.2.4 Land Holdings and Characteristics

Slums in Municipal Committee are located on private land. However, these slums are parts of some bigger residential areas, or a total residential area in them. They suffer from worse deprivations in terms of physical and social amenities as well as sustainable livelihoods.

14.2.5 Basic Infrastructure and Environmental Conditions

The environmental conditions in some slums are very poor and lack basic civic amenities like dust proof roads, drainage, protected water supply, street lights and adequate number of community toilets. The common diseases are prevalent in slums are the water-borne diseases. At some places basic infrastructure like construction of side drains, pavement of lanes, toilets, primary health centers etc have been provided. However they are deficient in quality and quantity. Following problems are common in all slums.

Congested Roads Poor sanitary conditions No sewerage connection No arrangement for Solid waste disposal Bad condition of buildings

Following are the major problem areas:

14.2.5.1 Drainage

This important amenity is needed to carry the wastewater of the town to a point from where it is possible to dispose it off finally. Proper drainage, open or covered is essentially required for the purpose. A general survey of the town indicates that major part of the city does not have adequate drainage and in some part, the existing drainage needs immediate overhauling. This is otherwise desirable as roads cannot be maintained unless and until proper drainage network cover the whole town. The drainage project initially should cover the major part of the old town and newly grown up colonies by identification of sites, which are in dire necessity of modifying/constructing new drains. Drains are chocked in some slum areas resulting in overflow of the drains and environmental degradation.

14.2.5.2 Pavements/Roads

Several colonies need pavements for the newly developed areas as the inhabitants find it difficult even to reach their houses during rains. Surface drains are also proposed for



these areas. Provision of C.C. pavements/premixing in the city area required to strengthen the old damaged existing pavements, to give proper access to the public and to provide smooth flow of the traffic in the city area.

14.2.5.3 Sanitation and Environmental Improvement

It is the one of the most important basic services. In slum areas, it is the primary amenity, which is to be provided by the local body. Municipal Committee has deputed Safai Karamcharis to clean these areas. Some of the slums in Jhajjar have a very poor sanitary conditions, one of the major reasons for this being open drains and lack of drains in those areas. Similarly, there is no provision for dumping solid waste generated by the residents and it is dumped at any open space available, usually in open drains or on a vacant plot, corners of the street etc.

14.2.5.4 Street Lighting

Newly developing colonies require street light facility. Existing light points are also to be replaced in slum clusters. Besides sodium and mercury lights are to be provided on major roads and junctions from where slum pockets started. In the absence of parks in the slum areas, children of slum cluster usually play on the road are easy pray for accidents.

14.2.5.5 Water Supply

Provision of safe drinking water in the slums areas is essential because prevailing sanitary condition in these areas are not satisfactory and have every possibility of water borne disease like Cholera, E-Hepatitis, and Gastroenteritis. Presently slum dwellers are dependent for their need of drinking water and for other purpose on the hand pump installed in the area and water supply provided through stand posts.

14.2.6 Community Facilities and Institutional Structures

The community facilities in the slums should comprise of schools, primary health centers community halls, etc. The existing community infrastructure facilities wherever and whatever available are in poor condition.



14.2.7 Poverty reduction and Slum Improvement Initiatives

The Municipal Committee Jhajjar is the lead agency in the implementation of slum improvement and community development projects and is responsible for the coordination of different inputs. The focus has been towards community mobilization and organising the community to implement community development activities through their involvement. Most of the urban community development program is mobilizing the community and involving them from the beginning through Neighbourhood Committees and Community Welfare Organizations.


In the Municipal area, almost one fourth of the population is residing in slum areas, which are not concentric at particular locations. They are spatially spread all over the Jhajjar area, which is a cause for concern and requires appropriate strategies. Another concern is that few slums are not notified making it difficult for the provision of infrastructure and other services on sustainable basis.

At a recent high – level meeting of state housing ministers, mayors and municipal chairpersons, Minister of States for Housing and Urban Property Alleviation urged them to ensure that funds were set aside in municipal budgets for shanty-dwellers in proportion to their percentage in the total population. It was further emphasized that the development planned for urban infrastructure must take into account the needs of the poor. City planning and the designing of water and sewerage systems, transportation networks and storm drainages must be carried out taking into account the needs of such a large group of citizens.

Taking note of serious imbalance in the living conditions of the urban rich and poor, the Centre has asked State Governments to earmark development funds for slum dwellers and other poor citizens in municipal budgets in proportion to their share in urban population.

Moreover, there is no identified expenditure especially marked for slums. Whatever slums are getting is under the common programmes for the city as a whole. The basic facilities i.e. water supply and roads in slum areas are provided as a part of whole town.

The challenges identified based on analysis and observations of the slum areas and their characteristics are following:

Lack of infrastructure in the slums, this includes no piped water supply, no sewerage system, no provision for solid waste management, lack of public toilets.



In absence of proper strategy and policies to create affordable housing stock for urban poor in the city, the growth of new slums will remain unabated.

Lack of planned interventions in the past has lead to the growth of slums on public land; the present scenario shows inadequate serviced land for housing within municipal limits.

Lack of comprehensive urban poverty reduction policy Weak municipal management resource base: Poor management resource base for

creating and constantly maintaining infrastructure is critical issue. As they depend on ad-hoc grants, the service provision for the poor becomes sporadic activity rather than regular service delivery system of local government institutions.

14.3.1 Unorganized and Informal Sector Employment

Studies conducted by Ministry of Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation in 2001 indicate that informal sector accounts to 50-60% of the economy in a majority of the cities and towns of the country and their share in the urban employment is increasing. The salient features of informal sector in Jhajjar are:

The sector derives its importance due to the scale and nature of operations; The activities are concentrated around the old town areas, along the important

road network in the town. They occupy the road margins, footpaths etc. and are spread all over the MUNICIPAL COMMITTEE, JHAJJAR area.

The people involved in the informal sector constitute a major portion of urban poor as these units have a low labour income though the entire family might be involved.


14.4.1 Vision

To provide basic level housing and access to civic amenities and services including water supply, sanitation, education, and health care to the urban poor at affordable process keeping in mind overalls socio-economic goals of the town.



Table 14.2: Goals and Service Outcomes-Basic Services for Poor

S.No. Goal 2011 2017 2021

1 Network Coverage for Slum

households

90% 100% 100%

2 UGD Coverage for Slum

Households

90% 100% 100%

3 Adequately Lit Slum 100% 100% 100%

4 Adequate Road Link for the Slum 100% 100% 100%

5 Pucca houses for all Slum

Households

80% 100% 100%

6 Education for all in Slums 100% 100% 100%

7 Best Quality in Slums 80% 100% 100%

By the end of this project that is by the end of 2021 all facilities like network coverage, lighting, proper road connectivity, pucca houses and education to all is to fully provided.(refer table 14.2)




Description Unit Based on Design Norms

Population In No. 100000

Households Nos. 6803

Housing Demand Percent to hh’s 100

Distribution Network Demand Percent of Road Length 100

Sewer Network Demand Percent of Road Length 100

Persons per Public Water Stand Post/Taps Persons 75

Persons per Public Toilet Seat Persons 30

Persons per Public Urinal Persons 50

Daily Per Capita Waste Generation Gms per Day 210

Size of each Dustbin/Container Cu.m 030

Spacing of Temporary Waste Storage Points m 300

Per Capita Road Demand

Population above 1000 m 0.25

Population below 1000 m 0.51



14.4.2 Strategies

Table 14.4 Strategies and Time frame- Basic Services Poor

S.No. Strategy 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

1 Better

Access

Roads

2 Storm

Water

Drains

3 Sewer

Network

4 Sanitation

Facilities

5 Provision

of

Housings

As per National Slum Policy the objective to formulate strategy needs to be:

To integrate slum settlements and communities residing within them into the urban areas as a whole by creating awareness amongst the public and in Governance of underlying principles that guide process of slum development and improvement and the options that are available for bringing about the integration.

To strengthen the legal and policy framework to facilitate the process of slum development and improvement on a sustainable basis and

To establish a framework for involving all stakeholders for the efficient and smooth implementation of policy objectives (Annexure IV)

Relocation of the cluster of slums in a better-developed land is not possible as slums are on private lands. Provision of access to infrastructure and improved housing should be strategy for integrated development of existing slums in Jhajjar town. They need to be connected to mainstream through provision of treated potable water. At least low cost community toilets must be provided, which can be constructed under Yamuna Action Plan or through Sulabh Shauchalaya scheme or through central/state government grant, or through NGO’s or through public private partnership (PPP). At the same time, paid community toilets can be developed on PPP basis and the outer walls can be used to put up advertisements, which can be a source of income for the



municipality. Those households which have toilets, but are not connected to sewer line have to be connected on a priority basis and this should be done in the first phase. In addition to the various programmes, initiatives, schemes taken by municipality and state governments for environmental, and infrastructure upgradation, the following initiatives can be further taken for holistic development of the slums in Jhajjar town:

Water supply connection to BPL families on minimum fixed price Policy of spending 25-30 % of net municipal fund for improvement of slums Slum Improvement based on new prioritized matrix approach New citizen friendly street vendor policy

In-Situ up gradation of notified slums needs to be undertaken in case of those encroached land pockets where the land owning agencies issue NOC for utilization of land. Otherwise, relocation of slum clusters need to be undertaken where the land owning agencies are in position to implement land use proposals on the encroached land as per requirement in larger public interest. In this case, land owning agency also contributes a part of the share towards the re-settlement cost. Extension of minimum basic civic amenities for community use like construction of community toilets and also introduction of mobile toilets vans in slums irrespective of the status of the encroached land.

Slum society should be formulated and a combined metering system should be followed for water supply in slum areas.


The cost of construction of new houses, construction and upgradation of old houses, pavement of streets, surface drainage system, provision of street lights, community toilets and water stand posts is estimated Rs.1 crore for each slum i.e. 8 crores for 8 slums. Exact financial implication can be worked out after a detailed project report is prepared for each slum cluster as per IHSDP (Integrated Housing and slum development programme). Thus, the total investment required for slum development is 8 crores.


Municipal Income and Expenditure

0

5000000

10000000

15000000

20000000

25000000

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06Year

Rs

.

Income Expenditure


15 MUNICIPAL FINANCE

15.1 Introduction

The financial profile of the Municipal Committee of Jhajjar indicates the state of the town’s finances and the capacity of the Municipal Committee to manage its finances and mobilizes resources for maintaining infrastructural services at prescribed norms and standards.

15.2 Existing Status-Municipal Committee Jhajjar

The finances of Municipal Committee, Jhajjar have been reviewed for the last four years, commencing from the financial year 2002-03 to 2005-06.

The review of financial position of Municipal Committee, Jhajjar indicated that it has not acquired stability during the review period. Total Income, which was Rs. 0.76 crores in the year 2002-03 decrease to Rs. 0.41 crores in the year 2003-04. But again increases in year 2005-06 to Rs 1.07 crores. Similarly, the total expenditure of Municipal Committee Jhajjar was Rs. 0.79 crores in 2002-03 decreased to Rs. 0.41 crores by 2003-04 again it reached to Rs. 2.14 crores in the year 2005-06. (Refer figure 15.1)

Municipal Committee Jhajjar is having the Cash- based, single entry system of accounting. The review of financial position of Municipal Committee, Jhajjar indicate that both income and expenditure has increased within the review period except for minor fluctuations during 2003-04..

Figure 15. 3 Municipal Income and Expenditure


Source: Budget of Municipal Committee Jhajjar

104


15.2.1 MUNICIPAL COMMITTEE, JHAJJAR - Revenue and Capital Account

For the purpose of detailed analysis of income and expenditure, the items of account have been categorized under the following major heads:

Revenue Account: All recurring items of income and expenditure are included under this head. These include taxes, charges, salaries, maintenance expenditure, etc.

Capital Account: The income and expenditure items under this account are primarily nonrecurring in nature. Income items include loans, contributions by Government of Haryana, other agencies and capital grants under various State and Central Government programmes like sale proceeds of land. Expenditure items include expenses booked under developmental works and purchase of capital assets.

15.2.2 Municipal Income

The income breakup between revenue and capital in aggregate has been discussed earlier. In order to review revenue income of Municipal Committee Jhajjar–tax, non-tax and transfers including grants has been taken into consideration.

Revenue income comprises of internal resources in the form of tax and non-tax items. External resources are in the form of shared taxes/transfers and revenue grants from the State Government. Tax income is lower then the non tax income. The non tax income has increased from 0.30 crores in 2002-03 to 0.63 crores in 2005-06 and the tax income has remain constant from 0.12 crores in 2002-03 to 0.12 crores in 2005-06.

The revenue registered increase both in tax and non-tax category (refer Table 15.1 and figure 15.2). This strengthened the view that Municipal Committee, Jhajjar with better management and public awareness programme will be capable enough to maintain required infrastructure facilities without introducing any new tax on the residents.



Table 15.1 Sources of Municipal Income, 2001-06

I. Revenue Income 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Growth

A Tax

1 House Tax 1072969 727077 1551011 1192267 +ve

2 Token Tax 66915 75550 0 0 -ve

3 Fire Tax 105766 145919 111534 97608 -ve

4 Trade Tax 45000 28377 0 0 -ve

Sub -Total 1290650 976923 1662545 1289875 -ve

B Non- Tax

5 Income from intrest 30668 10266 25339 28473 +ve

6 Retail income 660512 509841 644244 1051197 +ve

7 Income from licence 2500 2500 17599 29651 +ve

8 Development charges 629833 406610 920054 3277822 +ve

9 Rent from shops 842389 482742 888990 861899 +ve

10 Sale of land 0 0 0 0

11 Electricity 0 0 0 0

12 Tehbazari 23420 18440 19730 18800 -ve

13 Cattle fair share 600045 0 595594 637547 +ve

14 Food licence 15732 9232 33670 111892 +ve

15 Sale of forms 3360 0 0 46250 +ve

16 Driving licence 242015 158992 211037 151978 -ve

17 Registration Fees 0 0 120673 122222 +ve

18 Sub -Total 3050474 1598623 3476930 6337731 +ve

II Capital Income

19 Advances and Deposit 2391901 975402 1446954 1241379 -ve

20 Stamp Duty 953280 590570 1435376 1877428 +ve

Sub -Total 3345181 1565972 2882330 3118807 +ve

TOTAL 7686305 4141518 8021805 10746413 +ve

Source: Municipal Committee, Jhajjar


Income of Municipality

7686305

4141518

8021805

10746413

0

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

12000000

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06

Year

Rs.


Figure 15. 4 Income of Municipal Committee, Jhajjar

Source: Budget Municipal Committee, Jhajjar,

There is a positive trend in all the tax and non-tax revenue income from year 2004-05 and 2005-06 but after that, the income is some time decreasing and in some cases it increases. This has clearly indicated that earlier the town did not have strong financial positions to sustain and maintain the urban infrastructure but now due to proper collection of taxes they are in a increasing manner in 2005-06.

15.2.3 Municipal Expenditure

Revenue expenditure comprises of expenditure incurred on salaries, operation & maintenance expenditure and debt servicing. The details is shown in Table15.2

Table 15.2 Municipal Revenue Expenditure (figure in lakhs)

S.No

. EXPENDITURE 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06

1 Office Salary 824735 331705 654019 741125

2 Return of Loan 0 0 0 0

3 Directors share 0 0 0 0

4 Law charges 0 17900 48750 22650

5 Audit Fees 10000 0 0 0

6 Expenditure on Election 11787 0 9535 22964

7 Office Contigency 100000 49429 98481 120000

8 Miscleneous 93609 29107 72134 194640

9 Office repairing 0 351 0 0

10 Salary of house tax emp. 103530 62180 202707 180952

11 Contigency 318 0 13993 23130

12 Salary of rent tehbazari 11631 16462 57186 48172



13 Contigency of Tehbazari 0 0 0 0

14 Construction of Shops 0 0 0 0

15

Salary of garden and road

branch 87226 106545 152250 215219

16 Contigency of Garden 10808 10392 2164 0

17 Street Light 129825 247006 232516 111695

18

Reparing of Primary

School 0 0 0 0

19 Library 0 0 798 908

20 Rent of Balwari 0 0 0 0

21 Expenditure on deseas 0 0 0 0

22 Salary of Sweeper 2279076 1826427 3755269 4014448

23 Contigency of Cleanliness 675037 253129 266406 293520

24 Un claimed Death Body 5600 4000 2400 3200

25 Salary of fire services 0 0 571429 728613

26 Contigency of fire 0 0 5924 99649

27 Burning & burial 0 0 0 0

28 Salary of Municipal Works 163139 74112 268838 245014

29 Contigency of Municipal 5625 0 1841 10050

30 Construction of Drainage 277040 0 0 0

31 Construction of pavements 47245 0 0 70891

32

Construction of C.C.

Roads 637990 84777 303462 170240

33 L.I.C. Loan 0 0 0 0

34 Advance Deposit 2433214 1044218 1046583 14085754

35 Purchase of Car 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 7907435 4157740 7766685 21402834

Source: Budget of Municipal Committee, Jhajjar, 2002-05

The net expenditure including development works undertaken by Municipal Committee, Jhajjar loans and grants given to local body to undertake development works was Rs. 0.79 crores in 2002-03 while it is Rs 2.14 crores in 2005-06.


Expenditure of Municipality

7907435

4157740

7766685

21402834

0

5000000

10000000

15000000

20000000

25000000

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06

Year

Rs.


Figure 15.3 Expenditure of Municipal Committee, Jhajjar 2005-06

Revenue expenditure on establishments was higher then the other revenue expenditures. The revenue expenditure have increased from 2002-03 to 2004-05 as shown in the figure 15.3.

15.3 Issue s and Concerns

The income and expenditure of Municipal Committee, Jhajjar both have registered positive annual growth by the year 2004-05, which shows the financial soundness of the Municipal body. But after 2003-04 it had decreased but again regained its strength in 2004-05.Even after a good rise in income in 2005-06 the net income is far less than the net expenditure that shows the problem lies in the proper management and problem of tax collection of financial assets. In such situation, to initiate development projects will be difficult unless provided planned efforts are made to utilize available financial resources. However, there exists enough scope to enhance revenue generation from the existing land and local taxes and to rejuvenate the tax administration system. The maladies in tax administration relate to lack of proper assessment of demand, billing and collection. Tax collection and generation of additional revenue could be ensured through a scheme of incentives and penalties for municipal staff and the taxpayers. The scope of enhancing property tax (house tax) on rented properties has not been explored.

In recent years, the central government has provided several fiscal incentives to help mobilization of resources for urban infrastructure development. These includes permitting the issuance of tax free Municipal bonds, broadening the definition of infrastructure to include urban infrastructure such as water supply and sanitation, removing restrictions on foreign direct investment in urban infrastructure and encouraging externally assisted urban sector projects. Resources available from main sources of taxation to local bodies that are octroi and house tax apart from central and state government loan and grants.


Source: Budget of Municipal Committee Jhajjar

109



15.4.1 Vision

The vision for Municipal Committee Jhajjar is to improve its capacities for augmentation of financial resources and efficient service delivery and maintenance.

15.4.2 Strategies

There is a need to streamline systems and procedures for day to day functioning and instill a robust management information system that facilitates efficient planning, monitoring and decision-making ultimately leading to efficient and responsive municipality.

15.4.2.1 Accounting System: Accrual, double entry system should be adopted on priority to increase pace of

development, timely planning and strong capacity building. This system will reduce adhocism in financial management of Municipal Committee.

Zero percent budgeting system need to be adopted to monitor regular and timely implementation of proposals and maintenance works.

Both these systems need to be adopted within next financial year.

15.4.2.2 E-Governance System:

Municipal Committee Jhajjar has not computerized its basic information for E- governance. Geographical Information System (GIS) is also proposed to keep the current and accurate data related to physical aspects i.e. maps of ward boundary, physical and social infrastructure houses and other establishments for proper planning and financial return (house tax).

15.4.2.3 House Tax:

To achieve the target of 85% house tax collection municipality need revamp tax collection methods. This system will help to provide employment as well as high collection of house tax.

House tax collection is proposed through internet through credit card for the convenience of the people and to save the time and manpower.

Use of GIS and three d (3d) model system to update the house/ properties data. Provision of mobile van to pay the house tax and to identify locations of Easy

Billing System Network.



Provision of simplified unit area system, voluntary discloser and deposit system.

Provision of penalty against the house tax offenders and incentives for employees to collect maximum house tax.

Provision of drop boxes at convenient locations.

15.4.2.4 Land as a resource

Urban land is a highly valuable asset that’s should be very judiciously used to raise resources by the implementing agencies to fund the repayment of loans taken for initial development and for funding future development programmes. Even the private sector projects are likely to derive large benefits because of overall development of Jhajjar and hence a considerable value would be added to there assets. It is therefore desirable that a part of this net value addition should be recovered in the form of development and betterment charges. The same should be used for funding further development programmes in the town by loading it on to the land cost.

Optimal utilization of land through appropriate prices and distribution mechanism and land use control measures can yield substantial surplus for the Municipality for undertaking additional development works. Some of the methods through which land could be used as a viable resource for financing various urban development programmes in Jhajjar are as follows:

Creation of land banks by the Municipality and other agency for utilization for future requirementsPermitting the private sector to develop the land and compulsorily recovering a part of the value added because of such permitted development.Granting of Transferable Development Rights(TDR), Funding of infrastructure projects on innovative methods like BOT,BOLT,BOOT etc by providing land as initial input.(Annexure 1)Permitting commercial use of precious land by the private sector and deriving returns in the form of social housing/development for the occupants of the landRecycling of land for facilitating the shifting/relocation of industrial units, slum clusters located there on.

15.4.2.5 User charges

Among the non-tax resources, the user charges happen to be the most important mechanism of cost recovery. Water supply, sewerage, solid waste management and parks qualify for the imposition of user charge. The economic rationale of cost



recovery entails that the user charges have to be based on the unit cost of providing service.

15.4.2.6 Restructuring and Reforms

Reforms in institutional, fiscal and economic systems of the town will be necessary to achieve the management efficiency and credit worthiness. It will help in sustaining a long-term programme of infrastructure investments based on private finance while ensuring the effective utilization of public funds. At the same time, systematic reforms focused on critical services like water and sanitation is an equally important option. Such systematic reforms in selected sectors would have to be centered on significant private sector participation in the management, financing and delivery of services. Without these reforms at the town level or specific sectoral level, it would not be possible to ensure the inflow of private investment in urban infrastructure.

To ensure optimal utilization of linkages of Jhajjar with Haryana state for the development of core economic activities such as agro-based industrial estate, commercial complexes, residential complexes etc. Even the Municipal Committee Jhajjar can have its own share in the joint venture.

Revision of house tax especially on rented house and rented commercial, institutional and industrial buildings may be undertaken on priority.

15.4.2.7 Capacity Building

Since the problems associated with urban management are of relatively recent origin in India. The ability to fully understand and deal with these problems is yet to fully mature, especially at the State and city level. This calls for strengthening capabilities to address these issues and under take the task of developing sustainable urban management systems.

Capacity building will have to be addressed at two levels – institutional and individual. Institutional capacity would primarily involve creating a pool of knowledge and a knowledge management center that would sustain and enhance expertise as well as facilitate more informed planning. It would also sponsor regular to help formulate the right mitigation strategies, without merely adopting what other countries have tried.

At the individual level, a major exercise of training and skill development of the public officials and other public functionaries would be taken up to make such officials aware of the nuances of urban planning and the specific issues involved in managing city problems. This would be targeted at personnel belonging to the State level officers, municipal corporations, metropolitan development authorities, traffic



police, environmental authorities, State Transport Corporation, Public Works Departments, etc.

15.4.2.8 Municipal Bonds

The central government decided to reopen issue of municipal bonds and municipalities are likely to get into the bond market to tap funds for projects ranging from metro rail to water, housing, roads, sewerage, sanitation, environment and basic infrastructure ventures. The finance ministry decided to provide guarantee cover to urban local bodies that seek to raise funds from the domestic markets. The government has also lifted the Rs 200 crore sealing to raise funds through the bond market. Credit rating agencies like ICRA and CRISIL are currently entertaining proposals from municipal bodies that are yet to get credit ratings. Funds raised from the bond market will compliment the. Municipal bonds can be implemented through these simple steps:

Identification of projects and their financial implications. Resolutions of ULB to raise funds from the market through tax free Municipal

Bond. Application to State Govt. for its share or grant/ guarantee cover. Application to Municipal office finance GOI through State Government

through Guarantee Cover. Approach to CRISIL/ ICRA for credit rating. Appointment of financial institution to raise funds through bonds from

domestic market. Appointment of Authorized signatory and Regulatory officer. Separate Bank Account. Printing of Bonds. Listing of Bonds with SEBI etc.

15.4.2.9 Right – Sizing

Adopting multi-skilling technique to ensure most effective utilization of municipal staff and to achieve the objective of right sizing. A key parameter for right sizing is the option of appropriate “hiring and firing “, which would not be possible due to limitations posed by relevant legislation and rules. However, a multi-skilling technique through appropriate training of existing staff for different complementary functions would help in better utilization of municipal staff and achieving the objective of right sizing. Otherwise public private participation and outsourcing management of infrastructure facilities have to be adopted.



15.4.2.10 Physical Planning Exercise

State governments and the municipal Committee should make a conscious effort at controlling the city sprawl in a planned and unplanned manner, adopting best practices in Urban development and planning norms. There is an opportunity in the form of availability of large developed tracts of land in and around the town where the development can be planned and replotted in a phased manner. The growth management strategy should focus on:

Controlling and guiding urban sprawl in a phased manner applying modern principle of physical planning and growth management.

Planning and providing for infrastructure, including connectivity in the line with the intended growth plan rather than attempting to only service already connected. The focus should be dispersing growth more evenly across the town.

Zonal plans for the old Municipal areaneed to be prepared to dovetailwith the planpreparedby the State Town Planning Department. The municipality having authority under 73rd and 74th constitutional amendmentcan take initiative in this regard.

Formation of a special planning authenticity covering Jhajjar municipal area and urban fringe area to arrest indiscriminate sprawl and ensure equitable and sustainable urban development



16 URBAN ENVIRONMENT

16.1 Introduction

The basic meaning of environment is surroundings. The sum of social, biological and physical or chemical factors composes the surroundings of man. Environment is everything that surrounds man. The environment plays a crucial role in establishing the paradigm of future development.

The general quality of environment of the Jhajjar town is good which can be attributed to a number of factor like absence of industries, presence of reserved forest, water bodies etc. However, there are some areas where the environment quality is deteriorating due to the growing slums, low-lying areas, poor garbage disposal system etc.

16.2 Problematic Areas:

Air Pollution Noise Pollution Water Pollution

16.2.1 Noise and Air Pollution:

The database for Air Pollution is not available for the town. Air quality monitoring stations are required to create data base so that appropriate remedial measures can be suggested. Normally for Noise following standards are considered to maintain noise ambience.

Figure 16.1 Norms for Noise Pollution

Area Category of Area Day Time Night Time

Code Limit in Db (A) Leq

A Industrial Area 75 70

B Commercial Area 65 55

C Residential Area 55 45

D Silence Zone 50 40

Note-1. Day time is reckoned in between 6 a.m., and 9 p.m.2. Night time is reckoned in between 9 p.m., and 6 a.m.



3. Silence zone is defined as areas upto 100 meters around such premises as hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the Competent Authority.

4. Mixed categories of areas should be declared as “one of the four above mentioned categories by the Competent Authority and the corresponding standard shall apply.

The air quality status is monitored since 1978 as Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Haryana State Pollution Control Board but this town has no permanent station to monitor pollution level. Otherwise, the level of air pollution is less in the town as no major industries in functioning the town. There are some places viz. railway crossing point and crossing of state highway and NH- 71 results in air and noise pollution.

1. Beside appropriate distinctions should be made between different environments in terms of setting ambient noise standards, e.g. rural versus urban; educational and medical establishments versus other areas, night-time versus daytime in residential areas, areas in the vicinity of road, rail, airport infrastructure, and protected areas, etc.

2. Noise emissions norms (e.g. loudspeaker, automobile horns, fireworks ratings) appropriate to various activities need to ensure that exposure levels to third parties who are not participants in the activity do not exceed prescribed ambient standards.

16.2.2 Water Pollution:

The existing scenario of water pollution essentially deals with the availability of water resources of acceptable quality in the town. It also depends upon the precipitation and re-charge potential of ground water reserves and the water availability from the adjoining areas of the town by way of surface water flow through canals or tube wells.

In the core area of the town, the environment is spoiled due to absence of efficient sewerage, drainage and solid waste disposal system. Open drains result in unhygienic living conditions. In rainy season, these drains overflow and pollute the local environment.

1. Practices of rain water harvesting and artificial recharge and revival of traditional methods for enhancing groundwater recharge need to be supported.

2. There is need to mandate water harvesting and artificial recharge in all new constructions in relevant urban areas, as well as design techniques for road



surfaces and infrastructure to enhance groundwater recharge. Promote capacity development of relevant stakeholders and provide web based information on water harvesting techniques.

3. Need to prepare and implement a comprehensive strategy for regulating use of ground water by large industrial and commercial establishment based on a careful evaluation of aquifer capacity and annual recharge.

4. Suitable sites for dumping the toxic waste material may be identified and remedial measures may be taken to prevent the movement of the toxic waste in the ground water.

5. Excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides are the main non point source of the pollution. These pollutants contribute to the pollution of the ground water as well as surface water. Therefore the optional utilization of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides should be encouraged for improving the water quality.

16.2.3 Surface water Quality

80% of the water is abstracted from the water sources for the domestic, agricultural and industrial applications. Wastewater discharged back to the rivers, ponds, open areas which influence the quality of both surface water and underground water.

The other reasons for pollution of water are – dumping of solid waste in the canals and water bodies, throwing of animal carcasses, slum dwellings, excess use of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides in the agricultural fields, discharge of un-treated effluent by industries, discharge of sewerage by municipalities etc. out of these, discharge of sewage and industrial waste are the major contributors for pollution of water bodies.

16.2.4 Land Pollution:

This is the important aspect of environment, which needs immediate attention. There are various factors by which land gets polluted such as emergence of slums, indiscriminate disposal of garbage, low lying areas/ water- logging areas etc. a number of vacant plots in various colonies like sindicate mohala, ravidas nagar etc have been turned into garbage disposal points thereby leading to unhygienic living conditions. These garbage disposal points and water logging have became the breeding sites for the mosquitoes and various other pathogens, which lead to a number of disease like Cholera, Malaria, Typhoid, gastro- intestinal infection etc.

Many slums, which are present in the town, are classified into notified and un-notified slums. The un-notified slums are in bad state. They do not have good living conditions, no sewerage system, no pakka roads and other facilities. These slums spoil the environment because of unhygienic conditions due to garbage dumping, open drains and water logging.



16.2.5 Recommendations:

Following are suggestions to reduce the levels of environment pollution:

Urban local bodies to undertaken monitoring of compliance with management plans. Measures will also be taken to encourage municipalities to annually report their environment performance to their governing bodies.

Consider creation of an Environment Restoration Fund. The net proceeds of economic instruments, user fees for access to special natural resources, and voluntary contributions. The Fund may be used for restoration of environmental resources, including clean-up toxic and hazardous waste legacies.

Construction of Eco toilets in areas where sewerage network is not available. Consider mandating the installation of water saving closets and taps in the

building bye-laws and other available regulatory mechanisms. An integrated approach to energy conservation and adoption of renewable

energy technologies need to be adopted. The programmes of dissemination of improved fuel wood stoves, and solar cookers, suited to local cooking practices and biomass resources need to be accelerated.

Viable models of public-private partnerships for setting up and operating secure landfills, incinerators, and other appropriate techniques for the treatment and disposal of toxic and hazardous waste, both industrial and biomedical, on payment by users, taking the concerns of local communities into account should explored and implementation.

Capacities of local bodies for segregation, recycling, and reuse of municipal solid wastes- recognizing inter-alia the positive impacts it may have on the welfare of safai-karamcharis, and setting up and operating sanitary landfills, in particular through competitive outsourcing of solid waste management services need to be strengethened.

Informal sector systems of collection and recycling of various materials need to be given legal recognition and financial strength. In particular, enhance their access to institutional finance and relevant technologies.

Develop and enforce regulations and guidelines for management of e-waste, as part of the hazardous was the regime.

Include ambient noise as among the environmental quality parameters to be routinely monitored in specified sites.

In setting ambient environmental standards, especially for air quality, the potential impacts on designated heritage sites must be taken into account.

Heritage sites considered to have “Incomparable Values” would merit stricter standards than otherwise comparable situations, and particular attention should be paid to monitoring and enforcement of environmental standards in their case. Integrated regional development plans should be drawn up, with



participation of the local community, to shift polluting activities or render them much less polluting, to treat waste streams, to review transportation options, and adopt building norms which maintain the overall heritage ambience of the area.

Encourage industry associations to promote the adoption of ISO 14000 among their members, through provision of technical and training support. Mainstream promotion of ISO 14000 in the small-scale sector in the various promotion schemes for the sector.

Formulate “Good Practice Guidelines” foreclosable to enhance their scientific basis, transparency, and requirements of participation.

Promote adoption of clean technologies by industry, in particular in the small and medium sector, through regulatory and fiscal measures, and standards setting.

16.3 Conclusion

The Jhajjar town being a border town is enriched with inherent potentials for development, maintained properly and provided with good infrastructure and this will result in one of the best environmentally rich places in Jhajjar District and Haryana State. The general quality of the local environment is, at present, to some extent normal. However, the time is not far when the same will deteriorate, if proper attention is not given to environment related problems. It is further suggested that air quality standard need to be maintained as per norms indicated by CPCB. (Refer annexure no VI)



17 DISASTER MANAGEMENT

17.1 Introduction

Human settlements are frequently affected by natural disasters, which take heavy toll on human lives, destroy buildings and infrastructure and have far-reaching economic and social consequences for the community. Among all the natural disasters that Jhajjar may face, earthquake and fire hazards are the most devastating ones.

17.2 Earthquake

The Vulnerability Atlas of India indicates that the Haryana Sub-Region of NCR falls within High Damage Risk zone (MSK VIII)-with regard to earthquake. Accordingly, town development/construction in the Jhajjar needs to be planned taking care of the natural and man-made hazards. Jhajjar comes under High Damage Risk Zone.(refer Map17.1)

Map 17.1 Haryana district map


HIGH DAMAGE RISK ZONE

MODERATE DAMAGE RISK ZONE

LOW DAMAGE RISK ZONE

Mewat

Seismic Zone

120


From the earthquake hazard map, it is seen that about 45 percent of the area of the state in the north and east consisting of Ambala, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Kurukshetra, Panipat, Rewari, Rohtak, Jhajjar and Yamuna Nagar districts is liable to MSK Intensity VIII, and about 38 percent could have Intensity VII. An earthquake of M 6.5 occurred in Gurgaon district in 1720, M 6.0 in Faridabad district in 1960 and M 6.7 occurred in Uttar Pradesh at about 15 km from the State boundary.

Jhajjar town falls in seismic zone-IV as per seismic Zone Map of Indian Standard IS-1893. This makes the area viable to MSK intensity of “VIII” and is considered as high risk zone. Such intensity may cause severe damages some of which are following:

Type A-Houses constructed with stone, rural structures, un-burnt bricks, clay etc may suffer destruction causing gaps in walls, collapse of parts of buildings, loosening of cohesion of parts of buildings and collapse of inner walls.

Type-B-Buildings construction with ordinary bricks, large blocks, natural stone and prefabricated type buildings may suffer heavy damage causing large and deep cracks in walls.

Most building of type C i.e. RCC buildings may have small cracks in walls, fall of large pieces of plaster, slipping of tiles, cracks/fall in chimneys etc.

Fright and panic is caused among people, breaking off of branches of trees etc takes place.

Considering the areas affected during past earthquake of M 6.5, it can be expected that such as earthquake could adversely affect the entire region with damaging intensities and could affect more than 50% depending on the location of the epi-centre. Therefore, in terms of probable damage scenario, Jhajjar is quite prone to earthquake. The whole urban development must be checked for safety against an intensity of “VII” probability of occurrence, and upgraded for required seismic resistance in buildings and infrastructure as found necessary.

17.3 Fire Hazard

Fast growing towns like Jhajjar are threatened by fire hazards, which may be attributed to following main reasons:

Non-implementation of fire safety norms as part of building byelaws Encroachment, over crowded and haphazard growth affect the movement and

timely approachability of fire tenders in emergency. Illegal and loose electric connections Sub-standard wiring and over loading of electrical system



Slums are constructed with highly flammable material and some constructed with very toxic materials like plastics, polyethylene sheets, bamboo, soft wood etc. without proper access for fire tenders.

Illegal storage and hazardous commercial activities Inadequate pumping facilities hamper fire fighting and control of fire. Inadequate availability of special fire fighting equipments with local bodies

especially for high-rise multistoried buildings, where it is a prerequisite

17.4 Floods

The river systems in Haryana causing floods are the Yamuna, the Ghaggar and other rivers like Sahibi, Saraswati, Tangri and Markanda. A number of drains with inadequate capacity also give rise to considerable inundation problems. Drainage congestion due to surface and subsurface drainage problem, river spills and tendency of rivers to change their course constitute the main flood problem in the state. (refer Table 17.1)

Table 17.1 Multi-Hazard Prone District in Haryana*

Distt. Name Percent area under EQ Intensity,

M.S.K.

Percent area flood prone

IX or more VIII VII Unprotected Protected

Ambala - 93.5 6.5 11.7 44.7

Bhiwani - 10.7 64.3 2.1 -

Faridabad - 100 - 15.8 27.1

Gurgaon - 100 - 6.2 9.9

Hissar - - 73.6 32.6 -

Jind - - 100 37.2 7.8

Kurukshetra - 48.2 51.8 21.3 28.5

Rohtak - 87.6 12.4 9.1 25.2

* No Cyclonic Storm in Haryana

17.5 Proposals:

1. Seismic micro-zonation on a scale of 1:1,00,000 to 1:1,50,000 should be prepared for Haryana state based on the already available data/indicators. Seismic micro-zonation for selected areas/towns like Jhajjar, having high growth rates should be taken up on priority.



2. Comprehensive risk evaluation of Jhajjar needs to be undertaken on priority in order to identify areas vulnerable to fires and database in terms of available equipments and personnel should be compiled and periodically updated. Part IV of National Building Code and other related Indian Standards provide safety regulations. Municipality and town planning office should follow these as guide for formulating Development Control Rules/bye-laws for mitigation of the fire hazard.

3. Need for remodeling of existing drains, planning pumping works for low lying areas and provision for adequate water ways under railway/road bridges and in respect of embankment and irrigation channels are important aspects for flood management in the state.

4. Disaster management is a multi-sectoral, multi-disciplinary subject, which involves many groups. Therefore, all the groups (Government/NGOs/Community) should work together.

5. Post-disaster Management Plan should be prepared as part of the Town Development Plan. Disaster Management Centers with its headquarters at Mini Secretariat in Jhajjar for sensitizing people, training of personnel and mitigation measures. Efforts need to be made on using state of art technologies viz., GIS, GPS, remote sensing, computer modeling and expert systems, electronic information and management systems etc. for collection, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information.

6. Detailed database should be compiled on the occurrence of hazards, damage caused to buildings and infrastructure and the economic losses suffered by various government departments, public and private enterprises, agriculture and horticulture and the related infrastructure in the area.

7. The relevant Town and Country Planning acts, Development and Municipal Acts should be carefully examined and amendments be carried out to incorporate necessary provisions on safety aspects relating to natural hazards. The Haryana State Government/Municipal Committee Jhajjar should appropriately modify Development Control Rules and Building Byelaws applicable in the town, having provisions on safety aspects relating to natural hazards and fire safety. Innovative construction technologies should be studied and implemented.



18 VISION

18.1 Background

Jhajjar is a big town having population of 39004. After the analysis which was entirely based upon the secondary information collected from the municipal Committee office, PHED Haryana, town planning department, Jhajjar, and other government agencies SWOT analysis is done which will help to build up the vision for the town. (Refer figure 18.1)

Figure 18.1 SWOT Analysis

18.2 Introduction

A SWOT analysis is an instrumental framework in value based management and strategy formulation to identify Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threats for a particular town.

Strength and Weakness are internal value creating (or destroying) factors such as assets, skills or resources a city has at its disposal relatively to its competitors. They can be measured using internal assessments or external benchmarking.

Opportunities and Threats are external value creating (or destroying) factors a city cannot control, but emerge from either the competitive dynamics of its industry/ markets or from demographic, economic, political, technical social, legal or cultural factors.



18.3 SWOT Analysis

Strengths:

Jhajjar is a Mandi town for its hinterland which can be used as an strong economic base for the future population.

It is in the close proximity to Delhi and Chandigarh and is directly connected by the roadways and Railway.

Location and Geography. One of the important town in the district and has very good economy. It is rich agricultural hinterland. Business hub for nearby towns and the district headquarters Strong network of roads.

Weaknesses:

There is lack of awareness for the solid waste management. Narrow roads create problem of traffic jams. There are no parking spaces. Location and road connectivity to Mandi. Missing signages. 23% of the population is residing in slums which are scattered all over the

municipal area. Lack of facility to recycle waste water. No rules for rainwater harvesting. No billing system for usage of water Poor connectivity within town. 12th schedule guidelines (73rd and 74th constitutional amendment) are yet to

be included in municipality functions.

Opportunities:

As it is in the vicinity of the city Delhi it can be developed as centre for developing Mandi activities.

The agriculture produce of the hinterlands can be used as raw material for the Agro Based industries.

Freight Expressway can be constructed by interlinking Jhajjar with various Mandi places/spots in near by towns and also districts and state.

Developing market. Willingness of the municipality for developing strategic alliances. Dynamic leadership and energetic urban managers.



Development of PPP pattern Junior officers require incentives and capacity building.

Threats:

Increasing expenditure and lowering of the municipal income. Lowering of the water table and use of the underground water as a source. Increasing traffics and with that increase in the encroachment on the streets. Dumping of waste on the streets and open drain are adding the environmental

pollution. Pollutants being directly flown into Agricultural Fields can cause severe water

contamination. Water works is in very bad condition, it creates health problem for people of

the town. No water or Sewage treatment plants. Unchecked wastage of water Resource crunch can delay in implementation of proposals.



18.4 Investment Plan

The financial plan for the Jhajjar town is given in the table below. The financial plan is prepared on the basis of the SWOT analysis which is described above. (refer table 18.1)

Table 18.1 Investment Plan for Jhajjar Town (2006-2021)Estimated Population in Jhajjar Town

Year 2006 2012 2017 2021

Estimated Population 50706 62407 81204 100000

Phase-wise Fund Requirement (in crores)

S. No Sector 2006-12 2012-17 2017-2021 Total

I. Physical Infrastructure

1 Water Supply 10.10 7.71 7.71 25.52

2 Sewerage System 40.72 36.00 36.00 112.72

3 Solid Waste Management 1.05 0.00 0.00 1.05

4 Drainage 13.9 0.00 0.00 13.90

5 Traffic and Transportation 57.93 0.00 0.00 57.93

Sub-Total 123.7 43.71 43.71 211.12

6 Electricity 26.72 100.23 189.67 316.62

Total 150.42 143.94 233.38 527.74

II. Social Infrastructure

7 Services for Urban Poor 8.00 0.00 0.00 8.00

8 Conservation and Heritage 6.00 0.00 0.00 6.00

9 Recreational 0.87 0.19 0.71 1.77

Sub Total 14.87 0.19 0.71 15.77

10 Education 8.26 5.61 7.02 20.89

11 Health 1.53 1.41 0.86 3.80

12 Other Amenities 0.00 0.00 2.20 2.20

Sub Total9.79 7.02 10.08 26.89

Total 24.66 7.21 10.79 42.66

Grand Total175.08 151.15 244.17 570.40

NET FINANCES REQUIRED BY THE END OF THIS PLAN WOULD BE Rs.570.40 CRORES INCLUSIVE OF COST OF DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRICITY IN THE TOWN.



19 PLAN MONITORING AND REVIEW

19.1 Background

The master plan of the Jhajjar town should be convertible to 3-d model. Its zonal plans should be prepared with the help of satellite imagery and geographic information system inputs. It will be a very effective tool to check unauthorized construction and efficient management of civic utilities.

Plan monitoring has two main objectives:

1. The socio-economic and functional efficiency of the performance of human settlement has to be monitored and evaluated so that changes required to improve the quality of life could be identified and put into action through the appropriate measures.

2. The plan should be continuously made responsive to the emerging socio-economic forces.

To achieve this object there should be monitoring system in the plan implementation frame work. There is reasonable possibility of arresting the unintended developments taking place in the city through effective monitoring. This is based on the following proposition:

1. No long range urban development plan can be implemented as it is.2. The plan should be responsive to the happenings and emerging Scio-economic

and other forces during the plan implementation period.3. Time lags between the happenings and the emerging Socio-economic forces

and the plan responses create accentuating conditions of un-intended growth.4. The responsive plan to check the unintended growth needs a scientific

monitoring frame.

Monitoring frame is required to evaluate the achievement of physical targets prescribed in the plan and identification of physical and socio-economic change in the city to review the plan policies.

There could be very large number of aspects in case of physical targets to judge the performance of various sectors. For systematic and precise working, physical targets for some selected aspects can be worked out in consultation with the local body. The physical targets are to be monitored yearly, 5 yearly or in the midterm (2014). This will provides a scale to assess the achievement in different sectors for the city development



19.2 Monitoring Unit

A monitoring unit with the modern data processing facilities should be created which would be responsible for collection of primary and secondary data, its analysis and bringing the important changes to the notice of the authority comprehensively once in a year. Standard formats shall have to be worked out by this unit for the purpose of meaningful comparison and to monitor change. Preferably this unit should be under technical expert or independent consultant.

19.3 Plan Review

The plan monitoring would provide sufficient material for any modifications required in the plan.

Any other aspects because of emerging socio-economic and physical forces could be taken from study and to review the plan proposals. A comprehensive review encompassing all aspects should be taken up after 5 years of implementation of the development/ master plan.

Policies indicate directions: it is the detailed development projects which ultimately create environment-good or bad. During the plan implementation, all aspects of development i.e. housing, transport, work centers, recreation, infrastructure, etc. need study and research to make the plan effective in providing high quality living environment. Consultant should be constantly doing these studies, research and monitoring work to make planning a firm instrument for the development of this town.

19.4 Future Course of Action

Beside implementation of proposals of the City Development Plan/ master plan of Jhajjar town it is suggested that a study is required to delineate Jhajjar town region based on technical parameter related to its influence zone and ulmland characteristics. This exercise may require much bigger area to study for delineation purpose. After delineation of the region Regional Plan for the Jhajjar town Region needs to be prepared keeping in mind its strategic location, physical vulnerability and economic compulsions.

Likewise for old town, zonal plan need to be prepared as early as possible



ANNEXURE-I

(Water And Sewerage Charges)

1) Water Charges

(A) Domestici) Un-metered supplya) Flat rate for water connection having one tap connection.

Rs. 25/- P.M

b) Flat rate for water connection having two tap connection.

Rs. 40/-P.M

B) Industrial/ Commercial/ Institutionali) Unmetered supply

a) Commercial/Institutional Water Supply Rs. 80

b) Industrial Water Supply Not Applicable2) Sewerage

(A) Domestica) Sewage connection for Indian/European wc’s Rs. 5.00 Per Unit P.M

b) Sewage connection for urinals. Rs. 1.80 Per Unit P.M

B) Commercial/Industrial/ Institutionala) Sewage connection for Indian/European wcs Rs. 6.25 Per Unit P.Mb) Sewage connection for urinals Rs. 1.85 Per Unit P.Mc)Commercial/ Industrial/Institutional Sewage connections at the rate of 1.25 Per Kilo Ltr. of waste water (the waste water discharged in sewerage system will be taken as 70% of the total water consumed by the consumer)

Other terms and conditions:-

1. Water connection fee shall be charged @ Rs. 300/-

2. No new connections of ferrule size above 10mm be sanctioned and that the existing consumers with higher ferrule size be informed of the enhanced rates alongwith an option to get the connections reduced to lower ferrule size of 10mm.

3. Electric pumps installed direct on supply line should in no case, be allowed to continue and should be immediately removed and water supply disconnected wherever the electric pumps installed direct on supply line are detected, penalty at the rate of Rs. 1200/- by way of post misuse should be levied on the beneficiary who should also be charged penal charges at the rate of Rs. 100/- per month in addition to usual water charges till the pump is removed it should be notified by P.W.D (Public Health) to all consumers through hand bills &



proclamation that direct on-line pumps will be confiscated and supply to the defaulting consumer disconnected.

4. No un-metered connection shall be allowed in the commercial, institutional or industrial establishment in future.

5. All the existing water supply un-metered connections in industrial/ institutional/ commercial will be converted into metered connections by the occupants in a period of three (3) months from the date of notification otherwise the rate charged shall be minimum of Rs. 1000/- per month and as assessed by the concerned Executive Engineer of the Public Health Department.

6. A Water supply or sewer connection will be charged at commercial institutional or industrial rates as deemed fit if any related activity even in residential areas is being undertaken by the occupant However levy of commercial, institutional or industrial rates for the water supply or sewer connection will not confer any right to the occupant to get the advantage of being treated as commercial institutional or industrial premises by any other Government agency or Department in any way.

7. For any dispute between consumer and Public Health Department in respect of water supply and sewerage tariff the concerned Superintending Engineer of Public Health Department. Haryana, of the area would act as Arbitrator whose decision shall be binding on both the parties.

8. Any insanitary connection if detected by the department shall be disconnected immediately without giving any notice and shall be restored only after necessary rectification by consumer and a fee of Rs. 500/- shall be charged as line.



ANNEXURE-II

(Models of Public–Private Partnerships)

i) Build – Operate – Transfer (BOT)Under this method of financing the public and the private sector join hands to complete a project. A common method of financing urban transport works is the Build-Operator-Transfer method.

This is a contractual arrangement whereby the project sponsor undertakes the construction, including financing, of a given infrastructure facility, and the operation and maintenance thereof. The project sponsor operates the facility over a fixed term during which it is allowed to charge facility users appropriate tolls, fees, rentals, and charges not exceeding those proposed in its bids or as negotiated and incorporated in the contract to enable the project sponsor to recover its investment, and operating and maintenance expenses in the project. The facility is transferred to the government agency or local government unit concerned at the end of a predetermined term.

The main characteristic of such project is finance arrangement which sets its reliance on the revenue generated from a project for the repayment of loans and investment. An easily understood example is toll roads where the funds for the construction and operation of the project are generated by the users.A number of are involved in a BOT project. There is the entrepreneur who takes up the work and is the driving force behind a project. The contractors construct and may operate the asset. They may be a part of the operating group. The Government is a party as it is the main client who wants the job done and a customer is the user of the facility. A financier lends money and may be a bank or an international agency such as the IFC and a facilitator does the initial assessment of a project and design it.

ii) Build-and-Transfer (BT) A contractual arrangement whereby the project sponsor undertakes the financing and construction of a given infrastructure or development facility. After the completion of the project it is turned over to the government agency or local government unit concerned, which pays the sponsor or an agreed schedule, its total investment expended on the project, plus a reasonable rate of return thereon. This arrangement may be employed in the construction of any infrastructure or development project, including critical facility that, for security or strategic reasons, must be operated directly by the Government.

iii) Build – Lease – and – Transfer (BLT)



Under this arrangement, a project sponsor is authorized to finance and construct an infrastructure or development facility and upon its completion turns it over to the government agency or local government unit concerned on a lease arrangement for a fixed period, after which ownership of the facility is automatically transferred to the government agency or local government unit concerned.

iv) Build-Own-and Operate (BOO) A contractual arrangement whereby a project proponent is authorized to finance, construct, own, operate and maintain an infrastructure or development facility from which the proponent is allowed to recover its total investment, operating and maintenance costs plus a reasonable return thereon by collecting tolls, fees, rentals or other charges from facility users. Under this project, the proponent who owns the assets of the facility may assign its operation and maintenance to a facility operator.

v) Build – Transfer – and – Operate (BTO) The public sector contracts out the building of an infrastructure facility to a private entity such that the contractor builds the facility on a turn – key basis, assuming cost overruns, delays, and specified performance risks. Once the facility is commissioned satisfactorily, title is transferred to the implementing agency. The private entity however operates the facility on behalf of the implementing agency under an agreement.

vi) Contract-Ad-and Operate (CAO) A contractual arrangement whereby the project proponent adds to an existing infrastructure facility which is renting from the Government and operates the expended project over an agreed franchise period. There may or may not be a transfer arrangement with regard to the added facility provided by the project proponent.

vii) Develop-Operate-and-Transfer (DOT) A contractual arrangement whereby favorable conditions external to a new infrastructure project which is to be build by a private project proponent are integrated into the arrangement by giving that entity the right to develop adjoining property, and thus, enjoy some of the benefits the investment creates.

viii) Rehabilitate-Operate-and Transfer (ROT) A contractual arrangement whereby an existing facility is turned over to the private sector to refurbish, operate and maintain for a franchise period at the expiry of which the legal title to the facility is turned over to the Government.

ix) Rehabilitate-Own and Operate (ROO) A contractual arrangement whereby an existing facility is turned over to the private sector to refurbish and operate with no time limitation imposed on ownership. As long



as the operator is not an violation of its franchise, it can continue to operate the facility in perpetuity. x) Shadow TollsShadow tolls are ‘per vehicle’ amounts paid to a facility operator by a third party as a sponsoring governmental entity and not by facility users. Shadow toll amounts paid to a facility operator are based upon the type of vehicle and distance traveled. Shadow tolls can be an element of finance approach whereby a public or private sector developer/operator accepts certain obligations and risks- such as construction, operations and most specifically traffic – and receive periodic shadow toll payments in place of, or in addition to, real or explicit tolls paid by users. Funds for shadow tolls can come from diverse (and multiple) government and/or private sector sources.

Shadow tolls automatically spread periodic or annual payments to a facility operator over a concession or franchise period: this can place the initial financing responsibility on the developer/operator rather than placing this burden on the public sector agency sponsoring the project.

xi) Commercial DevelopmentThe aim is to explore the possibility of revenue generation from sale/lease of a strip of land on either side along the road through commercial development of land. In addition, ways and means of generating additional revenue including advertisement revenue, direct tolling, shadow tolling etc. are envisaged.



ANNEXURE-III

(Special Economic Zones- “Salient Features”)

1. It is a specially delineated duty free enclave and shall be deemed to be foreign territory for the purposes of trade operations and duties and tariffs.

2. Goods going to SEZ area from Domestic Tariff Area (DTA) shall be treated as deemed exports and goods coming from the SEZ area into DTA shall be treated as if the goods are being imported.

3. SEZ units may be set up for manufacture of goods and rendering of services, production, processing, assembling, trading, repair, remaking, reconditioning, and reengineering including making of gold / silver / platinum jewellery articles thereof or in connection therewith.

4. SEZ units may export goods and services including agro products, partly processed jewellery, sub-assemblies and component. It may also export by products, rejects and waste scrap arising out of production process.

5. SEZ units may import without payment of duty all types of goods, including capital goods, as defined in the policy, whether new or second hand, required by it for its activities or in connection therewith, provided they are not prohibited items of imports in the ITC (HS). The units shall also be permitted to import goods required for the approved activity, including capital goods, free of cost or on loan from clients.

6. SEZ units may procure goods required by it without payment of duty, from bonded warehouses in the DTA set up under the Policy.

7. SEZ units may import, without payment of duty, all types of goods for creating a central facility for software development can also be accessed by units in the DTA for export of software.

8. Gems and Jewellery and Jewellery units may also source gold/ silver/ platinum through the nominated agencies.

9. SEZ units may also import/ procure from DTA specified goods without payment of duty and subject to such conditions, as may be notified by the Government, for setting up of units in the zone.



ANNEXURE-IV

(National Slum Policy- “Salient Features”)

Objectives: To integrate slum settlements and the communities residing within them into

the urban area as a whole by creating awareness amongst the public and in Government of the underlying principles that guide the process of slum development and improvement and the options that are available for bringing about the integration.

To strengthen the legal and policy framework to facilitate the process of slum development and improvement on a sustainable basis.

To establish a framework for involving all stakeholders for the efficient and smooth implementation of policy objectives.

Salient Features: The policy primarily endorses and promotes an upgrading and improvement

approach to deal with slums and informal settlements as opposed to resettlement. It proposes that all existing planning instruments such as master plans, landuse plans etc. should be modified to ensure that slums and informal settlements can be properly integrated into the wider urban area.

The policy states that all physical upgrading and improvement in informal settlements should adopt a community based approach with the active involvement of members of the community at every stage of design, implementation, maintenance of services and assets. It sets forth specific norms and guiding principles for physical infrastructure developments and the desirability of collection of user charges.

The policy also emphasis improving access to social services- health, education, child labour and child rights and public distribution system as their effective delivery would also reduce social inequities and promote integration of people residing in slums into the social and economic network of the city as a whole.

The policy recognizes the importance of economic empowerment of slum dweller and lays guidelines for provision of financial services for the poor and economic support/ enterprise of development designed to address the livelihood needs of the urban poor.

The policy proposes a sustainable financing mechanism for slum improvement through Slum Development Fund at state level, while recognizing the role of private sector funding and institutional finance.

The policy proposes a consolidated Service tax on properties located in the slums. It gives measures for strengthening municipal governance and management in context of slum areas. It also proposes establishment of a



system of monitoring and evaluation at different levels of government in order to find out the extent to which the programmes under the policy are being implemented and whether the policy objectives are being achieved.

The policy is committed to a shelter upgradation approach that will enable, support and extend individual and community initiatives for housing provisions.

Incorporating some of important features outlined in the policy, the central Government has announced the “ Valmiki Ambedkar Malin Basti Awas Yojana (VAMBAY) for construction of dwelling units, upgradation of slum tenements and provision of basic amenities like water supply and sanitation in the slums.



ANNEXURE V

SCOPE & TOR FOR CDP



ANNEXURE VI

National Ambient Air Quality Standards


jhajjar development plan

Documents