jharkhand factsheet 2020
TRANSCRIPT
DEVELOPED BY:
JHARKHAND FACTSHEET
2020
In India the civil society organizations have been experimenting and developing various community participation models but mostly its spread has been limited and operations remained in silos because of lack of platforms and alliances to highlight their works. Therefore, Oxfam India has set a national coalition for civil society organizations from 15 states in the country to bring certain macro- level changes that can help to achieve the envisaged health, nutrition and women’s economic empowerment outcomes through a common platform. It is believed that this platform will give a collective voice to the people and has the capacity to negotiate and influence the state for the necessary integration of health, nutrition and gender under the government flagship programmes like NRLM, NHM, ICDS and others. Oxfam India acts as an interim Secretariat for this coalition at the national level to provide necessary support for its effective functioning. As the thematic areas of work of this coalition are being looked through the lens of gender discrimination and social inclusion, emphasis is being given on Dalits, Adivasis and Muslims communities.
As evidence generation is one of the key strategies for functioning of this coalition, Oxfam India intended to develop a state factsheet for each of the target states to highlight health, nutrition and women empowerment related issues of the state.
Only the important indicators related to health, nutrition and women empowerment have been included in this factsheet and presentation of segregated data is limited to only locations (rural & urban), caste categories (SC, ST, OBC & Others) and religious groups (Hindus & Muslims). As data for other religious categories are not available for all indicators for all sources, only two religious groups have been considered for the present analysis.
BACKDROP
(2.7%)
49.9
5.7
0-6 yr (Children) 10-19 yr (Adolescent) 15-49 yr (Reproductive) Above 60 yr (Old age)
STATE POPULATION BY AGE GROUP (%)
Source: Census 2011
17.7
STATEINDIA
Source: Census 2011
HEALTH INDEX (RANK)
2 0 1 7 - 2 0 1 8
A M ON G 2 1 S T A T E S
O V ER AL L L I T ER ACY R A T E ( % )
Source: Census
2 0 0 1 2 0 1 1
L I T ERACY R A T E B Y L O C ATI O N A N D S E X O U T O F S T A T E 'S T O T AL L I T ERAC Y ( % )
Source: Census
948
961
910
948
957
908
943 918India Total
• More than three-fourth population in Jharkhand lives in rural areas. • State’s decadal population growth rate is nearly 5% more than India. • Sex ratio in urban areas is a matter of concern in the state- both overall and for children. • Above 10% improvement in state’s overall literacy rate in 2011 from 2001. Improvement can also be noticed in the rural and female literacy rates in
2011 in comparison to 2001.
Name of the Districts Composite
Rank
Health
Rank
Education
Rank
Agriculture
Rank
Financial
Inclusion
Rank
Skill
Development
Rank
Purbi Singhbhum 27 61 37 66 31 1 27
Bokaro 28 41 26 62 40 22 21
Ramgarh 29 50 34 35 25 47 26
Ranchi 32 40 30 58 18 16 43
Gumla 49 12 53 75 60 80 71
Dumka 55 38 63 80 48 93 25
Garhwa 57 51 51 64 53 12 78
Chatra 59 53 77 47 74 51 36
Palamu 60 31 60 71 56 42 72
Giridih 61 52 69 60 45 92 37
Godda 62 21 70 79 49 94 61
Latehar 64 30 81 88 61 52 31
Lohardaga 65 75 72 73 21 7 62
Khunti 69 59 61 84 66 78 44
Pashchimi Singhbhum 70 72 64 82 39 81 41
Simdega 74 37 56 83 72 96 81
Pakur 86 85 83 68 43 91 53
Sahibganj 90 84 92 77 51 83 28
ASPIRATIONAL DISTRICTS OF STATE WITH THEIR RANKS AS PER BASELINE * CONDUCTED IN 2018
*Total 115 districts have been identified as Aspirational Districts in India. But the ranks given in the table are based on t he baseline conducted by NITI Aayog in 2018 for 101 Aspirational Districts only.
T O P 2 0 I N I N D I ASource: Niti Aayog
• Jharkhand has less main workers and more marginal workers in comparison to India, reflective of poor employment opportunities in the state. • Two districts in Jharkhand fall in the bottom 20 aspirational districts of India, when scored for composite ranking. State’s aspirational districts have
worse condition in agriculture and skill development sectors in comparison to other sectors like health, education, financial inclusion and basic infrastructure.
M A I N W O R KER S ( % ) M A R GI NAL W O R KER S ( % )
71.7
28.3
I N D I A 75.2
Source: Census 2011 Source: Census 2011
93.8
6.2
I N D I A 24.8
O U T O F S T A T E ' S T O T A L M A R G I N A L W O R K E R S
O U T O F S T A T E ' S T O T A L M A I N W O R K E R S
B O T TOM 2 0 I N I N D I A
PROPORTION OF VULNERABLE POPULATION
(2.0%)
O V ER AL L S C H EDUL E C A S T E ( S C ) P O P ULATI O N
3,985,644 48.7
79.1
20.9
Rural Urban
• Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Muslims contribute to 12.1%, 26.2% and 14.5% respectively of the total state population, reflecting the major contribution of ST communities.
S T AT E
Source: Census 2011
Source: Census 2011
Source: Census 2011
S C P O P U L A T I O N B Y L O C A T I O N ( % ) S C P O P U L A T I O N B Y S E X ( % )
(8.3%)
O V E R AL L S C H E DUL E T R I B E ( S T ) P O P ULATI O N
8,645,042
91.0
9.0
I N D I A 104,545,716
S T P O P U L A T I O N B Y L O C A T I O N ( % ) S T P O P U L A T I O N B Y S E X ( % )
50.1 49.9
(2.8%)
O V ER AL L M U S L I M P O P ULAT I ON
4,793,994
71.9
28.1
I N D I A 172,245,158
M U S L I M P O P U L A T I O N B Y L O C A T I O N ( % ) M U S L I M P O P U L A T I O N B Y S E X ( % )
48.5 51.5
H O USELESS P O P UL ATI O N ( N o . )
P E R SO NS W I T H D I S ABI L I T I ES I N A L L A G E G R O UP
P O P ULATI O N L I V I NG B E L O W P O VER TY L I N E ( % )
Source: Planning Commission (As Per Tendulkar Estimation)
45.3 39.1 36.937.2
State India
H O USELESS P O P UL ATI O N ( N o . )
23,391
1,773,040
387,358
488,494
2001 2011
N U M B ER O F P A R TI C ULAR LY V U LNER AB LE T R I B AL G R O UP S ( N o . )
Source: Statistical Profile Of Scheduled Tribes In India 2013
A G E - WI SE D I ST R I BUT I ON O F S I N GLE W O MEN ( N o . )
• There is a reduction of 8 percentile points in the state's BPL population between 2004-05 and 2011-12. • In the last one decades, there is an increase of more than 1 lakh in the state's PVTG population. • Nearly 6 lakh women aged 60 years and above are single in the state which depicts their vulnerability in terms of both age and social security.
Source: Census 2011
20-24 Years
25-29 Years
30-34 Years
35-39 Years
40-44 Years
45-49 Years
50-54 Years
55-59 Years
60-64 Years
65-69 Years
70-74 Years
75-79 Years
80+ Years
WIDOWED 9,774 18,841 31,223 49,915 69,145 87,018 101,594 99,938 176,659 142,270 120,383 50,429 61,170
DIVORCED 1,864 2,025 1,718 1,553 1,349 946 632 462 488 298 165 64 92
SEPARATED 5,468 6,276 5,865 5,834 5,101 3,764 2,634 1,755 1,699 866 433 143 173
NEVER MARRIED 335,505 108,201 42,194 24,322 15,983 11,337 8,939 6,826 10,639 7,900 4,000 1,607 5,511
NEVER MARRIED SEPARATED DIVORCED WIDOWED
A G E G R O U P
TOTAL 352,611 135,343 81,000 81,624 91,578 103,065 113,799 108,981 189,485 151,334 124,981 52,243 66,946
Source: Census 2011
P E R SO NS W I T H D I S ABI L I T I ES I N A L L A G E G R O UP
26,814,994
2,116,698
O U T O F W H I C H
R E P O R T E D M U L T I P L E D I S A B I L I T I E S
I N D I A ' S T O T A L P E R S O N W I T H D I S A B I L I T I E S
44.6
55.4
P E R S O N S W I T H M U L T I P L E D I S A B I L I T I E S O U T O F S T A T E ' S
M U L T I P L E D I S A B L I T I E S ( % )
45.7
54.3
S T A T E ' S T O T A L P E R S O N W I T H D I S A B I L I T I E S
Source: Census 2011
C H I LD R EN ( 0 - 4 Y E A R S) WI TH D I S AB I L I T I ES P E S O N S W I T H D I S A B L I T I E S O U T O F
S T A T E ' S D I S A B L I T I E S ( % )
P E R S O N S W I T H M U L T I P L E D I S A B I L I T I E S O U T O F S T A T E ' S
M U L T I P L E D I S A B L I T I E S ( % )
47.5 52.5
Source: Census 2011
C H I LDR EN ( 5 - 9 Y E A R S) W I T H D I S ABI L I T I E S P E S O N S W I T H D I S A B L I T I E S O U T O F
S T A T E ' S D I S A B L I T I E S ( % )
P E R S O N S W I T H M U L T I P L E D I S A B I L I T I E S O U T O F S T A T E ' S
M U L T I P L E D I S A B L I T I E S ( % )
46.0
54.0
40.9
59.1
• Out of total persons with disabilities, 14% of the children aged 0-9 years are living with disabilities in the state. • Across age-groups, more males are found to be living with disabilities than their female counterparts. Situation of multiple dis abilities is even worse
among males across all age-groups.
769,980
58,835
1,291,637
78,662
O U T O F W H I C H
R E P O R T E D M U L T I P L E D I S A B I L I T I E S
I N D I A ' S T O T A L C H I L D R E N ( 0 - 4 Y E A R S ) W I T H D I S A B I L I T I E S
S T A T E ' S T O T A L C H I L D R E N ( 0 - 4 Y E A R S ) W I T H
D I S A B I L I T I E S
46455
2773
1,955,926
187,492
O U T O F W H I C H
R E P O R T E D M U L T I P L E D I S A B I L I T I E S
I N D I A ' S T O T A L C H I L D R E N ( 5 - 9 Y E A R S ) W I T H D I S A B I L I T I E S
S T A T E ' S T O T A L C H I L D R E N ( 5 - 9 Y E A R S ) W I T H
D I S A B I L I T I E S
67,427
5,741
(2.9%)
(2.8%)
(3.6%)
(3.5%)
(3.4%)
(3.1%)
P E S O N S W I T H D I S A B L I T I E S O U T O F S T A T E ' S D I S A B L I T I E S ( % )
44.1
21.1
Rural UrbanSource: NFHS 2015-2016
W O M EN 2 0 - 2 4 Y E A R S M A R R I ED B E F O R E 1 8 Y E A R S ( % )
HEALTH AND NUTRITION
M A R R I AGE A N D F E R T I L I T Y
38.0S T A T E
26.8I N D I A
T O T AL F E R T I L I T Y R A T E ( % )
2.8 1.8
I N D I A 2.2
2.8 2.6 2.6 2.1
SC ST OBC Others
2.5 2.9
Hindu Muslim
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E ( % ) B Y R E L I G I O N
13.9 6.6
Rural Urban
W O M EN 1 5 - 1 9 Y E A R S W H O W E R E A L R EADY M O T HERS O R P R EG NANT ( %)
11.9S T A T E
I N D I A 7.9
12.7 11.0 12.8 8.4
SC ST OBC Others
12.1 13.9
Hindu Muslim
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
• More than 40% girls living in rural Jharkhand get married before they turn 18. • High rate of teenage pregnancies (14%) in rural areas and among Muslims. • The state records slightly higher rate of TFR in comparison to the national total. No much difference is observed in the state in terms of TFR among
social and religious categories.
M O R T AL I TY
M O R T AL I TY R A T ES ( D EAT HS P E R 1 0 0 0 L I V E B I R TH S)
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
29.5 33.1
40.7 43.9
49.7 54.5
Hindu Muslim
B Y R E L I G I O NB Y C A S T EB Y L O C A T I O N
178 167
130 122
219 208
India State
M A T ERNAL M O R T AL I TY R A T E ( M MR ) ( D EAT HS P E R 1 0 0 , 00 0 L I V E B I R TH S)
Source: SRS
C U R R ENT LY M A R R I ED W O MEN A G E D 1 5 - 4 9 W I T H U N M ET N E E D * F O R F A M I LY P L A NNI N G ( % )
19.1 16.1
18.4S T A T E
12.9I N D I A
• High Child mortality rates (neonatal, infant and under-5) in rural areas and among Hindus. Under-5 mortality rate is higher among STs (64%) compared to other social and religious categories.
• There is a significant decrease in maternal mortality rate in the state since 2010-12. State’s maternal mortality rate is nearly 50% lesser than country’s figure in 2015-17.
• Prevalence of high unmet need among ST and Muslim women signifying poor access to contraceptive measures.
17.0 22.1
17.1 17.4
16.6 23.7
Hindu Muslim
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
* Unmet need for family planning is defined as the percentage of currently married women who either want to space their next birth or stop childbearing entirely, but are not using contraception.
M A T ERNAL C A R E
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
Rural Urban
M O T HERS W H O H A D A T L E A ST 4 A N T ENAT AL C A R E V I S I T S ( % )
30.3S T A T E
I N D I A 51.2
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
26.3 22.3
31.8 33.3
Hindu Muslim
M O T HERS W H O C O N SUMED I F A F O R 1 0 0 D A Y S O R M O R E W H E N T H EY W E R E P R E G NANT ( % )
12.4
26.9
I N D I A 30.3
12.7 14.5 14.8
16.0 11.4
Hindu Muslim
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
M O T HE RS W H O R E C E I V E D P O ST NA T AL C A R E F R O M A N Y S K I L L E D H E A L TH P E R S O NN E L W I T H I N 2 D A Y S O F D E L I V E RY ( % )
45.5
60.2
I N D I A 65.1
50.7 47.8
Hindu Muslim
44.5 39.6
52.7 59.1
SC ST OBC OthersSource: NFHS 2015-2016
• The state shows low utilization of antenatal care services among all women. Data shows women in urban area have better access to antenatal care services in the state. Access to postnatal care services especially among STs is a matter of concern.
• Extreme low consumption rate of IFA tablets during pregnancy, with the state recording of only half (15%) of the national total (30%).
D E L I VER Y C A R E
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
I N S T I TUT I ONAL B I R T H S ( % )
57.3
81.6
56.7 49.2
Rural Urban
B I R T HS D E L I VER ED B Y C A E SAR EAN S E C T I ON ( % )
9.9
17.2
C H I LD R EN A G E D 1 2 - 23 M O N T HS F U L LY I M M UNI ZED ( % )
60.7 67.0
Rural Urban
61.9S T A T E
62.0I N I D A
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
64.5
51.6
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
• Proportion of institutional deliveries among STs and fully immunized children among Muslims are comparatively lower in comparison to other social and religious categories.
C H I LD F E EDI NG P R ACTI CES A N D N U T R I T I ONAL S T AT US
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
33.8 29.9
Rural Urban
C H I LD R EN U N D ER A G E O F 2 Y E A R S B R EAST F ED W I T H I N O N E H O UR O F B I R T H ( % )
33.0S T A T E
41.5I N DI A
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
C H I LD R EN A G E D 6 - 8 M O N T HS R E C E I V I NG S O L I D O R S E M I - SOL I D F O O D A N D B R EAST MI LK ( %)
47.2S T A T E
42.7I N D I A
45.1
55.4
Rural Urban
P R EVAL ENC E O F L O W B I R T HWEI GH T ( % )
Source: Lancet Global Burden of Disease 2019 Source: NFHS 2015-2016
C H I L D R E N U N D E R A G E 6 M O N TH S E X C L U S I V E L Y B R E A S TF E D ( % )
20.2 2 0 1 7
STATEINDIA
21.4
54.9 64.8
INDIA STATE
M E D I AN D U R AT I ON O F E X C LUS I VE B R EAST FEED I NG A M O NG L A S T - B OR N C H I LD REN B O R N I N T H E L A S T T H R EE Y E A R S ( M O NT HS)
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
I N DI A
• Both the country and state shows low rate in early initiation of breastfeeding, with only 33% of the mothers in the state, breast-feeding their babies within one hour of birth.
• While nearly half of the state’s children are exclusively breastfed yet data for median duration of exclusive breastfeeding comes to only 4 months for each child instead of the stipulated 6 months of compulsory exclusive feeding.
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
C H I LD R EN U N D ER 5 Y E A R S W H O A R E U N D ER WEI GH T ( %)
49.8
39.3
53.9 55.1
44.3 36.9
47.8 42.8
Hindu Muslim
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
C H I LD R E N U N D E R 5 Y E A R S W H O A R E S T U NT E D ( %)
48.0
33.7
45.4 41.9
Hindu Muslim
29.5 26.8
Rural Urban
C H I LD R EN U N D ER 5 Y E A R S W H O A R E W A S T ED ( % )
29.0
21.0
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
29.2 24.7
Hindu Muslim
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
C H I LD R EN A G E 6 - 5 9 M O NT H S W H O A R E A N A E MI C ( < 1 1 . 0 G / D L) ( %)
71.5 63.2
Rural Urban
69.6 64.8
Hindu Muslim
• While the state fares very badly in child stunting and underweight figures (45.3% & 47.8% respectively), the prevalence of this is further high among the SC and ST communities.
• Prevalence of anaemia among children belong to ST community is higher in comparison to children belong to other social and religious communities.
S T A T E
I N DI A
I N DI A
D I ET AR Y D I VER S I TY P A T T ER N
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
14.0 17.4
Rural Urban
6 - 2 3 M O NT H S C H I LD REN F E D 4 + F O O D G R O UP S I N P A ST 2 4 H O UR S ( %)
14.6
22.0
13.5 19.2
Hindu Muslim
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
6 - 2 3 M O NT H S C H I LD REN F E D M I N I MUM M E A L F R EQ UENC Y I N P A ST 2 4 H O UR S ( % )
39.2 44.2
Rural Urban
40.1 39.6
Hindu Muslim
• Only 15% of children in Jharkhand consume meals having 4 or more food groups. This can also be linked with the appalling level of malnutrition prevalent among the children in the state. Similar concern is with minimum meal frequency i.e. nearly 60% of are not fed minimum meal frequency in one day.
S T A T E
I N DI A
I N DI A
N U T R I T I ONAL S T AT US O F W O MEN A N D M E N
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
Rural Urban
W O M EN W H O SE B O D Y M A S S I N D EX I S B E L O W N O R MAL ( B MI < 1 8 . 5 K G / M 2 ) ( %)
31.5
22.9
34.8 34.9 31.3 21.5
SC ST OBC Others
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
7.6 5.0 11.1
SC ST OBC Others
W O M EN W H O A R E O V ER WEI GH T O R O B ESE ( B M I ≥ 2 5 . 0 K G / M 2 ) ( %)
10.3
20.7
5.9
21.7
50.4
P R EGNA NT W O MEN A G E D 1 5 - 4 9 Y E A R S W H O A R E A N A EMI C ( < 1 1 . 0 G / D L) (%)
62.6
B Y L O C A T I O N
B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
29.7 23.0
Hindu Muslim
W O M EN A N D M E N A G E D 1 5 - 49 Y E A R S W H O A R E A N A E MI C ( % )
53.1
22.7
65.2
29.9
• There is a higher proportion of women with below normal Body Mass Index (BMI) in rural areas and among SC and ST communities. • Anaemia is a major concern in the state with more than 60% of the women (pregnant and non-pregnant) with low haemoglobin count. The situation is
worse among women belong to ST community.
S T A T E
I N DI A
M E N ST RUAL H Y G I ENE
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
Rural Urban
W O M EN A G E D 1 5 - 24 W H O U S ED H Y G I ENI C M E T HOD O F P R O T ECTI O N D U R I NG M E N STR UATI O N ( %)
49.6S T A T E
57.6I N D I A
50.0 48.9
Hindu Muslim
42.4 41.8
SC ST OBC Others
O T HER H E ALT H I S S UES
P E R SO NS S U F F E RI NG F R O M T U B E RC ULO SI S
Source: India TB Report 2019
2.2%
2018
O U T O F T B P A T I E N T S N O T I F I E D I N I N D I A
69.130.9
I N D I A 2,155,894
48,488
OU T OF T B P A T I E N T S N OT I F I E D I N S T A T E ( % )
• Prevalence of unsafe menstrual practices is a major concern in the state with around half of the women don’t use any hygienic method for menstrual protection. This difference is particularly high in rural and urban agglomerations whereas across the social groups, SC, ST, OBCs fare lower than the others.
• High prevalence of Tuberculosis among men is a concern which is almost double to their female counterparts.
W O M EN & M E N A G E D 1 5 - 4 9 Y E A R S W H O R E P O RT ED S E X UALL Y T R A NSMI TT ED I N F ECT I ON ( S T I ) I N T H E P A ST 1 2
M O NT H S ( % )
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
0.14
STATE INDIA
P E O P LE ( 1 5 - 49 Y E A R S) L I V I NG W I T H H I V / A I DS ( % )
Source: India NACO-Report
Public
Private
Any
H E A LTH E X P END I TUR ES
G O V E R N M E N T H E A L T H E X P E N D I T U R E ( % O F T O T A L H E A L T H E X P E N D I T U R E )
O U T O F P O C K E T H E A L T H E X P E N D I T U R E ( % O F T O T A L H E A L T H E X P E N D I T U R E )
Source: National Health Accounts Estimates for India 2015 -16
30.6 60.6I N D I A
S T A T E 29.6 66.3
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
A V E R AGE O U T O F P O C KET E X P END I T URE P E R D E L I VER Y I N P U B L I C , P R I V AT E A N D A N Y H E A LTH F A C I L I T Y ( R UPEES)
1,565 1,033 1,643 1,746
I N D I A S T A T E
• Government share in health expenditure is abysmal in both India and Jharkhand, however the share is almost same in both the cases. • With low government share in health expenditure, the state shows high out of pocket expense (66%). Moreover, while average expenditure for
delivery in public health facilities is around Rs. 1500/- in the state.
GOVERNMENT FLAGSHIP PROGRAMMES FOR HEALTH AND NUTRITION
N A T I ONAL H E A LT H M I S S I ON I N T EGRAT ED C H I LD D E V ELO PMENT P O SH AN A B H I YAAN
The National Health Mission (NHM) encompasses its two Sub-Missions, the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM). The main programmatic components include Health System Strengthening, Reproductive- Maternal- Neonatal-Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A), and Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases. The NHM envisages achievement of universal access to equitable, affordable & quality health care services that are accountable and responsive to people’s needs.
NHM has six financing components:
(i) NRHM-RCH Flexipool, (ii) NUHM Flexipool, (iii) Flexible pool for Communicable disease, (iv) Flexible pool for Non communicable disease including Injury and Trauma, (v) Infrastructure Maintenance and (vi) Family Welfare Central Sector component.
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme is one of the flagship programmes of the Government of India and represents one of the world’s largest and unique programmes for early childhood care and development.
The beneficiaries under the Scheme are children in the age group of 0-6 years, pregnant women and lactating mothers. Objectives of the Scheme are: 1. To improve the nutritional and health status of children in the age-group 0-6 years; 2. To lay the foundation for proper psychological, physical and social development of the child; 3. To reduce the incidence of mortality, morbidity, malnutrition and school dropout; 4. To achieve effective co-ordination of policy and implementation amongst the various departments to promote child development; 5. To enhance the capability of the mother to look after the normal health and nutritional needs of the child through proper nutrition and health education.
The Prime Minister’s Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nutrition (POSHAN) Abhiyaan or National Nutrition Mission is one of the India’s flagship programmes to improve nutritional outcomes for children, adolescents, pregnant women and lactating mothers by leveraging technology, a targeted approach and convergence. It aims to build a people’s movement (Jan Andolan) around malnutrition.
Key Strategies
For implementation of POSHAN Abhiyaan the mission adopts a four point strategy: 1. Inter-sectoral convergence for better service delivery 2. Use of technology (ICT) for real time growth monitoring and tracking of women and children 3. Intensified health and nutrition services for the first 1000 days Jan Andolan
India
Bihar
75.6
47.3
Rural Urban
55.4 52.4
Hindu Muslim
S H O R TF ALL I N H E ALT H F A C I L I T I E S I N R U R AL A R E AS ( % )
S H O R TF ALL I N H U MAN R E SO UR CE I N R U R A L A R E AS ( % )
Source: Rural Health Statistics 2019 Source: Rural Health Statistics 2019
PHCs and HWC-PHCs
StateIndia
Surplus
Source: Status report of ICDS as on 31st March 2015
StateIndia
Surplus
2.8
26.1
6.0
81.8
3.94.7
Sanctioned Operational Providing Services
N U M B ER O F A W C s
Source: Status report of ICDS as on 31st March 2015
1,400,000 I N D I A 1,346,186 1,258,166
S T A T E
62 67 68
2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015
N U M B ER O F N U T R I T I O NAL R E H AB I L I TAT I O N C E N T RES
Source: PIB 2012-13 , 2013-14 & 2014-15
688I N DI A 875 896
S T A T E
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
C H I LD R EN A G E D 0 - 7 1 M O NT H S W H O R E C E I VED S E R VI C ES F R O M A N A W C ( % )
Source: NFHS 2015-16
55.0S T A T E
53.6I N D I A
• The state has a tremendous shortfall of primary health-care facilities, with a shortfall of more than 70% of PHCs which is the first point of contact for the people with any medical officer. But in contrast, there is a surplus of doctors at PHCs.
• There is also a huge shortfall of more than 90% specialists at the CHC level. • Nearly half of the state’s children and 30% of its pregnant women do not receive their entitled services like nutritious foodetc. from AWC.
M O T H ERS R E C E I VED S E R VI C ES F R O M A N A W C D U R I NG P R EGNANC Y ( % )
70.1S T A T E
NO DATAI N DI A
Note: For India 'No Service 'is available.
Source: NFHS 2015-16
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Activity type State Value (%) India Value (%)
Home Visits 14.9 14.4
Anemia Camp 6.5 1.5
Community Radio Activities 1.1 0.3
Cooperative/Federation 0.7 0.2
Defeat Diarrhoea Campaign (D2) 0.5 No Data
Farmer Club Meeting 0.9 0.2
Haat Bazaar Activities 3.1 0.4
Harvest Festival 0.3 0.2
Other Activities 8.7 34.7
Panchayat Meeting 3.3 1.0
Poshan Mela 6.9 8.2
Poshan Rally 5.0 2.6
Poshan Walk 3.4 1.5
Poshan Workshop/Seminar 4.2 4.1
Prabhat Faree 2.3 1.1
Safe Drinking Water in Anganwadi Centres 1.6 0.7
Safe Drinking Water in Schools 1.8 0.2
School Based Activities 7.7 2.9
VHSND 8.4 No Data
6.0
11.5
6.9
7.6
7.2
Anemia
Poshan (Overall Nutrition)
T H EMES - WI SE A C T I V I T I ES I N P O SH AN M A A H ( S EP T EMB ER 2 0 1 9)
Source: http://dashboard.poshanabhiyaan.gov.in/janandolan/#/
C O NT R IB UT I ON O F A C T I V I T I E S I N P O SH AN M A A H ( S E P TE MB E R 2 0 1 9 )
Source: http://dashboard.poshanabhiyaan.gov.in/janandolan/#/
21.9 22.8
26.7 29.6
Hindu Muslim
15.9 13.5
Rural Urban
F E M A L E W O R K E R S ( 1 5 - 5 9 Y E A R S ) P O P U L A T I O N R A T I O ( % )
Source: Annual Report PLFS 2017-18 Source: Annual Report PLFS 2017-18
16.6 15.3
Rural Urban
F E M A L E ( 1 5 - 5 9 Y E A R S ) L A B O U R F O R C E P A R T I C I P A T I O N R A T E ( % )
4.0
12.2
Rural Urban
F E M A L E ( 1 5 - 5 9 Y E A R S ) U N E M P L O Y M E NT R A T E ( % )
Source: Annual Report PLFS 2017-18
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
6.0 I N DI A
W O M EN H E AD ED E S T ABL I SHMENT S
Source: All India Report of Sixth Economics Census 2016
6.9 7.8
Hindu Muslim
B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
M E N A N D W O M EN A G E D 1 5 - 49 Y E A R S W H O W A N T M O R E S O N S T H AN D A U GHTER S ( % )
18.7
18.8
22.5
27.1
S T A T E
• Female worker population ratio as well as female labour force participation rate is below 20% in the state. This signifies limited employment opportunities for females in the state.
• Jharkhand has not even 1% of women headed establishments in the country, whereas only 9% establishments in the state are women headed. Further, the proportion of establishments headed by women belong to SC and ST communities are contributing the least in this.
8,050,819
54,732
S T A T E
0 . 7 % 0 u t o f I n d i a ’ s W o m e n H e a d e d E s t a b l i s h m e n t s
8 . 6 % 0 u t o f S t a t e ’ s T o t a l E s t a b l i s h m e n t s - A g r i c u l t u r e & N o n - A g r i c u l t u r e
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
71.1 74.4
Rural Urban
71.6 66.8
Hindu Muslim
C U R R ENT LY M A R R I ED W O MEN W H O P A R TI C I P ATE I N T H R EE D E C I S I ONS* ( % )
63.0I N DI A
Source: NFHS 2015-16
* Three Decisions Own health care Making major household purchases Visits to her family or relatives
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
3.3 1.5
Rural Urban
2.6 3.2
Hindu Muslim
W O M E N W H O H A V E E X P E RI E NC E D V I O LE NC E D U R I NG A N Y P R E GNANC Y ( % )
3.9I N D I A
2.8S T A T E
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
W O M E N W H O H A V E E V E R E X P E R I E N C E D E M O T I O N A L , P H Y S I C A L O R S E X U A L V I O L E N C E C O M M I T T E D B Y T H E I R H U S B A N D ( % )
34.7S T A T E
Source: NFHS 2015-16
Source: NCRB 2016
S T AT E R A NK B A S ED O N C R I ME R A T E A G A I NST W O M EN ( R ANK)
25 6,086
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Source: NCRB
C R I MES A G A I NST W O M EN ( I P C + S L L ) ( N o . )
O U T O F 36 S T A T ES & U T s
I N D I A ( 2 0 1 8 )
378,277
7,083
(1.9%) O U T O F I N D I A
D O WR Y D E AT HS R E P OR T ED ( N O . )
267 278 248 252
2015 2016 2017 2018
7,166
W O M EN T R AF F I CK I NG C A S ES R E P OR T ED
( No.)
41
O U T O F 854 I N I N D I A
Source: NCRB 2018Source: NCRB
252
(3.5%) O U T O F I N D I A
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
39.6
20.3
Hindu Muslim
F E M ALE S U I C I D E C A S ES ( No.)
Source: ADSI 2018
F O E T I C I D E S & I N F ANT I C I D E S R E P O RT E D (No.)
Source: NCRB 2018
0F O E T I C I D E S
0I N F A N T I C I D E S
S T A T EI N D I A
128
56408
42,391
• More than 30% of woman in the state having an abusive history, whereas the incidence is higher among SCs and Hindus in comparison to other social and religious categories.
• There has been an increase of 30% in incidences of crime against women since 2016.
S T A T E
I N D I A
57.4
GOVERNMENT FLAGSHIP PROGRAMMES FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
N A T I ONAL R U R AL L I V E L I HO OD M I S S I ON B E T I B A C H AO B E T I P A D H AO
What is NRLM Govt. of India established National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) in June 2010 to implement the new strategy of poverty alleviation woven around community based institutions.
Mission’s primary objective is to reduce poverty by promoting diversified and gainful self-employment and wage employment opportunities for sustainable increase in incomes.
To achieve the desired goal of the mission, NRLM provides a combination of financial resource and technical assistance to states such that they could use the comprehensive livelihoods approach encompassing four inter-related tasks. These tasks are:
1. Mobilizing all rural, poor households into effective self-help groups (SHGs) and their federations; 2. Enhancing access of the rural poor to credit and other financial, technical and marketing services; 3. Building capacities and skills of the poor for gainful and sustainable livelihoods; and 4. Improving the delivery of social and economic support services to the poor.
Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao is a campaign of the Government of India that aims to generate awareness and improve the efficiency of welfare services intended for girls in India.
The Overall Goal of the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) Scheme is to celebrate the girl child and enable her education. The objectives of the Scheme are as under:
i. To prevent gender biased sex selective elimination ii. To ensure survival and protection of the girl child iii. To ensure education and participation of the girl child
Strategies employed to successfully carry out the scheme are:
1. Implement a sustained social mobilization and communication campaign to create equal value for the girl child and promote her education.
2. Place the issue of decline in child sex ratio/sex ratio at birth in public discourse, improvement of which would be an indicator for good governance.
3. Focus on gender critical districts and cities.
T O T AL S H G s F O R MED
239,957
S H G s H A V I NG B A N K A C C O UNT * ( % )
S H G s H A V I NG C R ED I T L I N K ED ( %)
T O T AL V I L L AGE O R GANI ZAT I ON S
F O R MED
16,487
T O T AL C L U ST ER L E V EL F E DER AT IO NS
594
Source: JSLPS progress report as on (January 31, 2020)
57.457.4 * Data on number of SHGs having bank account is not available. So, it is considered that number of SHGs having bank account and number of SHGs having credit linked with banks are same.
Source: U-Dise
S C H O OL S H A V I NG G I R L ’ S T O I LET I N E L E MENT ARY E D UC AT I ON ( % )
Source: U-Dise
59.8
INDIA STATE
G I R LS E N R O LMENT I N S E C O NDAR Y E D U C ATI O N ( % )
Source: U-Dise
S C HO OL S H A V I NG G I R L ’ S T O I LET I N S E CO ND ARY E D UC AT I ON ( % )
Source: U-Dise
90.3 95.2
91.8 88.2
94.8 96.3
2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017
INDIA STATE
G I R LS E N R O LMENT I N E L E MENT ARY E D U C ATI O N ( % )
• There has been almost no improvement in girls’ enrolment in elementary level while a slight improvement in secondary level in the state since 2014 to 2017. However, similar trend can be observed for the entire country.
JHARKHAND FACTSHEET
2020
In India the civil society organizations have been experimenting and developing various community participation models but mostly its spread has been limited and operations remained in silos because of lack of platforms and alliances to highlight their works. Therefore, Oxfam India has set a national coalition for civil society organizations from 15 states in the country to bring certain macro- level changes that can help to achieve the envisaged health, nutrition and women’s economic empowerment outcomes through a common platform. It is believed that this platform will give a collective voice to the people and has the capacity to negotiate and influence the state for the necessary integration of health, nutrition and gender under the government flagship programmes like NRLM, NHM, ICDS and others. Oxfam India acts as an interim Secretariat for this coalition at the national level to provide necessary support for its effective functioning. As the thematic areas of work of this coalition are being looked through the lens of gender discrimination and social inclusion, emphasis is being given on Dalits, Adivasis and Muslims communities.
As evidence generation is one of the key strategies for functioning of this coalition, Oxfam India intended to develop a state factsheet for each of the target states to highlight health, nutrition and women empowerment related issues of the state.
Only the important indicators related to health, nutrition and women empowerment have been included in this factsheet and presentation of segregated data is limited to only locations (rural & urban), caste categories (SC, ST, OBC & Others) and religious groups (Hindus & Muslims). As data for other religious categories are not available for all indicators for all sources, only two religious groups have been considered for the present analysis.
BACKDROP
(2.7%)
49.9
5.7
0-6 yr (Children) 10-19 yr (Adolescent) 15-49 yr (Reproductive) Above 60 yr (Old age)
STATE POPULATION BY AGE GROUP (%)
Source: Census 2011
17.7
STATEINDIA
Source: Census 2011
HEALTH INDEX (RANK)
2 0 1 7 - 2 0 1 8
A M ON G 2 1 S T A T E S
O V ER AL L L I T ER ACY R A T E ( % )
Source: Census
2 0 0 1 2 0 1 1
L I T ERACY R A T E B Y L O C ATI O N A N D S E X O U T O F S T A T E 'S T O T AL L I T ERAC Y ( % )
Source: Census
948
961
910
948
957
908
943 918India Total
• More than three-fourth population in Jharkhand lives in rural areas. • State’s decadal population growth rate is nearly 5% more than India. • Sex ratio in urban areas is a matter of concern in the state- both overall and for children. • Above 10% improvement in state’s overall literacy rate in 2011 from 2001. Improvement can also be noticed in the rural and female literacy rates in
2011 in comparison to 2001.
Name of the Districts Composite
Rank
Health
Rank
Education
Rank
Agriculture
Rank
Financial
Inclusion
Rank
Skill
Development
Rank
Purbi Singhbhum 27 61 37 66 31 1 27
Bokaro 28 41 26 62 40 22 21
Ramgarh 29 50 34 35 25 47 26
Ranchi 32 40 30 58 18 16 43
Gumla 49 12 53 75 60 80 71
Dumka 55 38 63 80 48 93 25
Garhwa 57 51 51 64 53 12 78
Chatra 59 53 77 47 74 51 36
Palamu 60 31 60 71 56 42 72
Giridih 61 52 69 60 45 92 37
Godda 62 21 70 79 49 94 61
Latehar 64 30 81 88 61 52 31
Lohardaga 65 75 72 73 21 7 62
Khunti 69 59 61 84 66 78 44
Pashchimi Singhbhum 70 72 64 82 39 81 41
Simdega 74 37 56 83 72 96 81
Pakur 86 85 83 68 43 91 53
Sahibganj 90 84 92 77 51 83 28
ASPIRATIONAL DISTRICTS OF STATE WITH THEIR RANKS AS PER BASELINE * CONDUCTED IN 2018
*Total 115 districts have been identified as Aspirational Districts in India. But the ranks given in the table are based on t he baseline conducted by NITI Aayog in 2018 for 101 Aspirational Districts only.
T O P 2 0 I N I N D I ASource: Niti Aayog
• Jharkhand has less main workers and more marginal workers in comparison to India, reflective of poor employment opportunities in the state. • Two districts in Jharkhand fall in the bottom 20 aspirational districts of India, when scored for composite ranking. State’s aspirational districts have
worse condition in agriculture and skill development sectors in comparison to other sectors like health, education, financial inclusion and basic infrastructure.
M A I N W O R KER S ( % ) M A R GI NAL W O R KER S ( % )
71.7
28.3
I N D I A 75.2
Source: Census 2011 Source: Census 2011
93.8
6.2
I N D I A 24.8
O U T O F S T A T E ' S T O T A L M A R G I N A L W O R K E R S
O U T O F S T A T E ' S T O T A L M A I N W O R K E R S
B O T TOM 2 0 I N I N D I A
PROPORTION OF VULNERABLE POPULATION
(2.0%)
O V ER AL L S C H EDUL E C A S T E ( S C ) P O P ULATI O N
3,985,644 48.7
79.1
20.9
Rural Urban
• Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Muslims contribute to 12.1%, 26.2% and 14.5% respectively of the total state population, reflecting the major contribution of ST communities.
S T AT E
Source: Census 2011
Source: Census 2011
Source: Census 2011
S C P O P U L A T I O N B Y L O C A T I O N ( % ) S C P O P U L A T I O N B Y S E X ( % )
(8.3%)
O V E R AL L S C H E DUL E T R I B E ( S T ) P O P ULATI O N
8,645,042
91.0
9.0
I N D I A 104,545,716
S T P O P U L A T I O N B Y L O C A T I O N ( % ) S T P O P U L A T I O N B Y S E X ( % )
50.1 49.9
(2.8%)
O V ER AL L M U S L I M P O P ULAT I ON
4,793,994
71.9
28.1
I N D I A 172,245,158
M U S L I M P O P U L A T I O N B Y L O C A T I O N ( % ) M U S L I M P O P U L A T I O N B Y S E X ( % )
48.5 51.5
H O USELESS P O P UL ATI O N ( N o . )
P E R SO NS W I T H D I S ABI L I T I ES I N A L L A G E G R O UP
P O P ULATI O N L I V I NG B E L O W P O VER TY L I N E ( % )
Source: Planning Commission (As Per Tendulkar Estimation)
45.3 39.1 36.937.2
State India
H O USELESS P O P UL ATI O N ( N o . )
23,391
1,773,040
387,358
488,494
2001 2011
N U M B ER O F P A R TI C ULAR LY V U LNER AB LE T R I B AL G R O UP S ( N o . )
Source: Statistical Profile Of Scheduled Tribes In India 2013
A G E - WI SE D I ST R I BUT I ON O F S I N GLE W O MEN ( N o . )
• There is a reduction of 8 percentile points in the state's BPL population between 2004-05 and 2011-12. • In the last one decades, there is an increase of more than 1 lakh in the state's PVTG population. • Nearly 6 lakh women aged 60 years and above are single in the state which depicts their vulnerability in terms of both age and social security.
Source: Census 2011
20-24 Years
25-29 Years
30-34 Years
35-39 Years
40-44 Years
45-49 Years
50-54 Years
55-59 Years
60-64 Years
65-69 Years
70-74 Years
75-79 Years
80+ Years
WIDOWED 9,774 18,841 31,223 49,915 69,145 87,018 101,594 99,938 176,659 142,270 120,383 50,429 61,170
DIVORCED 1,864 2,025 1,718 1,553 1,349 946 632 462 488 298 165 64 92
SEPARATED 5,468 6,276 5,865 5,834 5,101 3,764 2,634 1,755 1,699 866 433 143 173
NEVER MARRIED 335,505 108,201 42,194 24,322 15,983 11,337 8,939 6,826 10,639 7,900 4,000 1,607 5,511
NEVER MARRIED SEPARATED DIVORCED WIDOWED
A G E G R O U P
TOTAL 352,611 135,343 81,000 81,624 91,578 103,065 113,799 108,981 189,485 151,334 124,981 52,243 66,946
Source: Census 2011
P E R SO NS W I T H D I S ABI L I T I ES I N A L L A G E G R O UP
26,814,994
2,116,698
O U T O F W H I C H
R E P O R T E D M U L T I P L E D I S A B I L I T I E S
I N D I A ' S T O T A L P E R S O N W I T H D I S A B I L I T I E S
44.6
55.4
P E R S O N S W I T H M U L T I P L E D I S A B I L I T I E S O U T O F S T A T E ' S
M U L T I P L E D I S A B L I T I E S ( % )
45.7
54.3
S T A T E ' S T O T A L P E R S O N W I T H D I S A B I L I T I E S
Source: Census 2011
C H I LD R EN ( 0 - 4 Y E A R S) WI TH D I S AB I L I T I ES P E S O N S W I T H D I S A B L I T I E S O U T O F
S T A T E ' S D I S A B L I T I E S ( % )
P E R S O N S W I T H M U L T I P L E D I S A B I L I T I E S O U T O F S T A T E ' S
M U L T I P L E D I S A B L I T I E S ( % )
47.5 52.5
Source: Census 2011
C H I LDR EN ( 5 - 9 Y E A R S) W I T H D I S ABI L I T I E S P E S O N S W I T H D I S A B L I T I E S O U T O F
S T A T E ' S D I S A B L I T I E S ( % )
P E R S O N S W I T H M U L T I P L E D I S A B I L I T I E S O U T O F S T A T E ' S
M U L T I P L E D I S A B L I T I E S ( % )
46.0
54.0
40.9
59.1
• Out of total persons with disabilities, 14% of the children aged 0-9 years are living with disabilities in the state. • Across age-groups, more males are found to be living with disabilities than their female counterparts. Situation of multiple dis abilities is even worse
among males across all age-groups.
769,980
58,835
1,291,637
78,662
O U T O F W H I C H
R E P O R T E D M U L T I P L E D I S A B I L I T I E S
I N D I A ' S T O T A L C H I L D R E N ( 0 - 4 Y E A R S ) W I T H D I S A B I L I T I E S
S T A T E ' S T O T A L C H I L D R E N ( 0 - 4 Y E A R S ) W I T H
D I S A B I L I T I E S
46455
2773
1,955,926
187,492
O U T O F W H I C H
R E P O R T E D M U L T I P L E D I S A B I L I T I E S
I N D I A ' S T O T A L C H I L D R E N ( 5 - 9 Y E A R S ) W I T H D I S A B I L I T I E S
S T A T E ' S T O T A L C H I L D R E N ( 5 - 9 Y E A R S ) W I T H
D I S A B I L I T I E S
67,427
5,741
(2.9%)
(2.8%)
(3.6%)
(3.5%)
(3.4%)
(3.1%)
P E S O N S W I T H D I S A B L I T I E S O U T O F S T A T E ' S D I S A B L I T I E S ( % )
44.1
21.1
Rural UrbanSource: NFHS 2015-2016
W O M EN 2 0 - 2 4 Y E A R S M A R R I ED B E F O R E 1 8 Y E A R S ( % )
HEALTH AND NUTRITION
M A R R I AGE A N D F E R T I L I T Y
38.0S T A T E
26.8I N D I A
T O T AL F E R T I L I T Y R A T E ( % )
2.8 1.8
I N D I A 2.2
2.8 2.6 2.6 2.1
SC ST OBC Others
2.5 2.9
Hindu Muslim
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E ( % ) B Y R E L I G I O N
13.9 6.6
Rural Urban
W O M EN 1 5 - 1 9 Y E A R S W H O W E R E A L R EADY M O T HERS O R P R EG NANT ( %)
11.9S T A T E
I N D I A 7.9
12.7 11.0 12.8 8.4
SC ST OBC Others
12.1 13.9
Hindu Muslim
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
• More than 40% girls living in rural Jharkhand get married before they turn 18. • High rate of teenage pregnancies (14%) in rural areas and among Muslims. • The state records slightly higher rate of TFR in comparison to the national total. No much difference is observed in the state in terms of TFR among
social and religious categories.
M O R T AL I TY
M O R T AL I TY R A T ES ( D EAT HS P E R 1 0 0 0 L I V E B I R TH S)
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
29.5 33.1
40.7 43.9
49.7 54.5
Hindu Muslim
B Y R E L I G I O NB Y C A S T EB Y L O C A T I O N
178 167
130 122
219 208
India State
M A T ERNAL M O R T AL I TY R A T E ( M MR ) ( D EAT HS P E R 1 0 0 , 00 0 L I V E B I R TH S)
Source: SRS
C U R R ENT LY M A R R I ED W O MEN A G E D 1 5 - 4 9 W I T H U N M ET N E E D * F O R F A M I LY P L A NNI N G ( % )
19.1 16.1
18.4S T A T E
12.9I N D I A
• High Child mortality rates (neonatal, infant and under-5) in rural areas and among Hindus. Under-5 mortality rate is higher among STs (64%) compared to other social and religious categories.
• There is a significant decrease in maternal mortality rate in the state since 2010-12. State’s maternal mortality rate is nearly 50% lesser than country’s figure in 2015-17.
• Prevalence of high unmet need among ST and Muslim women signifying poor access to contraceptive measures.
17.0 22.1
17.1 17.4
16.6 23.7
Hindu Muslim
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
* Unmet need for family planning is defined as the percentage of currently married women who either want to space their next birth or stop childbearing entirely, but are not using contraception.
M A T ERNAL C A R E
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
Rural Urban
M O T HERS W H O H A D A T L E A ST 4 A N T ENAT AL C A R E V I S I T S ( % )
30.3S T A T E
I N D I A 51.2
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
26.3 22.3
31.8 33.3
Hindu Muslim
M O T HERS W H O C O N SUMED I F A F O R 1 0 0 D A Y S O R M O R E W H E N T H EY W E R E P R E G NANT ( % )
12.4
26.9
I N D I A 30.3
12.7 14.5 14.8
16.0 11.4
Hindu Muslim
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
M O T HE RS W H O R E C E I V E D P O ST NA T AL C A R E F R O M A N Y S K I L L E D H E A L TH P E R S O NN E L W I T H I N 2 D A Y S O F D E L I V E RY ( % )
45.5
60.2
I N D I A 65.1
50.7 47.8
Hindu Muslim
44.5 39.6
52.7 59.1
SC ST OBC OthersSource: NFHS 2015-2016
• The state shows low utilization of antenatal care services among all women. Data shows women in urban area have better access to antenatal care services in the state. Access to postnatal care services especially among STs is a matter of concern.
• Extreme low consumption rate of IFA tablets during pregnancy, with the state recording of only half (15%) of the national total (30%).
D E L I VER Y C A R E
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
I N S T I TUT I ONAL B I R T H S ( % )
57.3
81.6
56.7 49.2
Rural Urban
B I R T HS D E L I VER ED B Y C A E SAR EAN S E C T I ON ( % )
9.9
17.2
C H I LD R EN A G E D 1 2 - 23 M O N T HS F U L LY I M M UNI ZED ( % )
60.7 67.0
Rural Urban
61.9S T A T E
62.0I N I D A
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
64.5
51.6
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
• Proportion of institutional deliveries among STs and fully immunized children among Muslims are comparatively lower in comparison to other social and religious categories.
C H I LD F E EDI NG P R ACTI CES A N D N U T R I T I ONAL S T AT US
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
33.8 29.9
Rural Urban
C H I LD R EN U N D ER A G E O F 2 Y E A R S B R EAST F ED W I T H I N O N E H O UR O F B I R T H ( % )
33.0S T A T E
41.5I N DI A
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
C H I LD R EN A G E D 6 - 8 M O N T HS R E C E I V I NG S O L I D O R S E M I - SOL I D F O O D A N D B R EAST MI LK ( %)
47.2S T A T E
42.7I N D I A
45.1
55.4
Rural Urban
P R EVAL ENC E O F L O W B I R T HWEI GH T ( % )
Source: Lancet Global Burden of Disease 2019 Source: NFHS 2015-2016
C H I L D R E N U N D E R A G E 6 M O N TH S E X C L U S I V E L Y B R E A S TF E D ( % )
20.2 2 0 1 7
STATEINDIA
21.4
54.9 64.8
INDIA STATE
M E D I AN D U R AT I ON O F E X C LUS I VE B R EAST FEED I NG A M O NG L A S T - B OR N C H I LD REN B O R N I N T H E L A S T T H R EE Y E A R S ( M O NT HS)
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
I N DI A
• Both the country and state shows low rate in early initiation of breastfeeding, with only 33% of the mothers in the state, breast-feeding their babies within one hour of birth.
• While nearly half of the state’s children are exclusively breastfed yet data for median duration of exclusive breastfeeding comes to only 4 months for each child instead of the stipulated 6 months of compulsory exclusive feeding.
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
C H I LD R EN U N D ER 5 Y E A R S W H O A R E U N D ER WEI GH T ( %)
49.8
39.3
53.9 55.1
44.3 36.9
47.8 42.8
Hindu Muslim
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
C H I LD R E N U N D E R 5 Y E A R S W H O A R E S T U NT E D ( %)
48.0
33.7
45.4 41.9
Hindu Muslim
29.5 26.8
Rural Urban
C H I LD R EN U N D ER 5 Y E A R S W H O A R E W A S T ED ( % )
29.0
21.0
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
29.2 24.7
Hindu Muslim
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
C H I LD R EN A G E 6 - 5 9 M O NT H S W H O A R E A N A E MI C ( < 1 1 . 0 G / D L) ( %)
71.5 63.2
Rural Urban
69.6 64.8
Hindu Muslim
• While the state fares very badly in child stunting and underweight figures (45.3% & 47.8% respectively), the prevalence of this is further high among the SC and ST communities.
• Prevalence of anaemia among children belong to ST community is higher in comparison to children belong to other social and religious communities.
S T A T E
I N DI A
I N DI A
D I ET AR Y D I VER S I TY P A T T ER N
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
14.0 17.4
Rural Urban
6 - 2 3 M O NT H S C H I LD REN F E D 4 + F O O D G R O UP S I N P A ST 2 4 H O UR S ( %)
14.6
22.0
13.5 19.2
Hindu Muslim
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
6 - 2 3 M O NT H S C H I LD REN F E D M I N I MUM M E A L F R EQ UENC Y I N P A ST 2 4 H O UR S ( % )
39.2 44.2
Rural Urban
40.1 39.6
Hindu Muslim
• Only 15% of children in Jharkhand consume meals having 4 or more food groups. This can also be linked with the appalling level of malnutrition prevalent among the children in the state. Similar concern is with minimum meal frequency i.e. nearly 60% of are not fed minimum meal frequency in one day.
S T A T E
I N DI A
I N DI A
N U T R I T I ONAL S T AT US O F W O MEN A N D M E N
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
Rural Urban
W O M EN W H O SE B O D Y M A S S I N D EX I S B E L O W N O R MAL ( B MI < 1 8 . 5 K G / M 2 ) ( %)
31.5
22.9
34.8 34.9 31.3 21.5
SC ST OBC Others
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
7.6 5.0 11.1
SC ST OBC Others
W O M EN W H O A R E O V ER WEI GH T O R O B ESE ( B M I ≥ 2 5 . 0 K G / M 2 ) ( %)
10.3
20.7
5.9
21.7
50.4
P R EGNA NT W O MEN A G E D 1 5 - 4 9 Y E A R S W H O A R E A N A EMI C ( < 1 1 . 0 G / D L) (%)
62.6
B Y L O C A T I O N
B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
29.7 23.0
Hindu Muslim
W O M EN A N D M E N A G E D 1 5 - 49 Y E A R S W H O A R E A N A E MI C ( % )
53.1
22.7
65.2
29.9
• There is a higher proportion of women with below normal Body Mass Index (BMI) in rural areas and among SC and ST communities. • Anaemia is a major concern in the state with more than 60% of the women (pregnant and non-pregnant) with low haemoglobin count. The situation is
worse among women belong to ST community.
S T A T E
I N DI A
M E N ST RUAL H Y G I ENE
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
Rural Urban
W O M EN A G E D 1 5 - 24 W H O U S ED H Y G I ENI C M E T HOD O F P R O T ECTI O N D U R I NG M E N STR UATI O N ( %)
49.6S T A T E
57.6I N D I A
50.0 48.9
Hindu Muslim
42.4 41.8
SC ST OBC Others
O T HER H E ALT H I S S UES
P E R SO NS S U F F E RI NG F R O M T U B E RC ULO SI S
Source: India TB Report 2019
2.2%
2018
O U T O F T B P A T I E N T S N O T I F I E D I N I N D I A
69.130.9
I N D I A 2,155,894
48,488
OU T OF T B P A T I E N T S N OT I F I E D I N S T A T E ( % )
• Prevalence of unsafe menstrual practices is a major concern in the state with around half of the women don’t use any hygienic method for menstrual protection. This difference is particularly high in rural and urban agglomerations whereas across the social groups, SC, ST, OBCs fare lower than the others.
• High prevalence of Tuberculosis among men is a concern which is almost double to their female counterparts.
W O M EN & M E N A G E D 1 5 - 4 9 Y E A R S W H O R E P O RT ED S E X UALL Y T R A NSMI TT ED I N F ECT I ON ( S T I ) I N T H E P A ST 1 2
M O NT H S ( % )
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
0.14
STATE INDIA
P E O P LE ( 1 5 - 49 Y E A R S) L I V I NG W I T H H I V / A I DS ( % )
Source: India NACO-Report
Public
Private
Any
H E A LTH E X P END I TUR ES
G O V E R N M E N T H E A L T H E X P E N D I T U R E ( % O F T O T A L H E A L T H E X P E N D I T U R E )
O U T O F P O C K E T H E A L T H E X P E N D I T U R E ( % O F T O T A L H E A L T H E X P E N D I T U R E )
Source: National Health Accounts Estimates for India 2015 -16
30.6 60.6I N D I A
S T A T E 29.6 66.3
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
A V E R AGE O U T O F P O C KET E X P END I T URE P E R D E L I VER Y I N P U B L I C , P R I V AT E A N D A N Y H E A LTH F A C I L I T Y ( R UPEES)
1,565 1,033 1,643 1,746
I N D I A S T A T E
• Government share in health expenditure is abysmal in both India and Jharkhand, however the share is almost same in both the cases. • With low government share in health expenditure, the state shows high out of pocket expense (66%). Moreover, while average expenditure for
delivery in public health facilities is around Rs. 1500/- in the state.
GOVERNMENT FLAGSHIP PROGRAMMES FOR HEALTH AND NUTRITION
N A T I ONAL H E A LT H M I S S I ON I N T EGRAT ED C H I LD D E V ELO PMENT P O SH AN A B H I YAAN
The National Health Mission (NHM) encompasses its two Sub-Missions, the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM). The main programmatic components include Health System Strengthening, Reproductive- Maternal- Neonatal-Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A), and Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases. The NHM envisages achievement of universal access to equitable, affordable & quality health care services that are accountable and responsive to people’s needs.
NHM has six financing components:
(i) NRHM-RCH Flexipool, (ii) NUHM Flexipool, (iii) Flexible pool for Communicable disease, (iv) Flexible pool for Non communicable disease including Injury and Trauma, (v) Infrastructure Maintenance and (vi) Family Welfare Central Sector component.
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme is one of the flagship programmes of the Government of India and represents one of the world’s largest and unique programmes for early childhood care and development.
The beneficiaries under the Scheme are children in the age group of 0-6 years, pregnant women and lactating mothers. Objectives of the Scheme are: 1. To improve the nutritional and health status of children in the age-group 0-6 years; 2. To lay the foundation for proper psychological, physical and social development of the child; 3. To reduce the incidence of mortality, morbidity, malnutrition and school dropout; 4. To achieve effective co-ordination of policy and implementation amongst the various departments to promote child development; 5. To enhance the capability of the mother to look after the normal health and nutritional needs of the child through proper nutrition and health education.
The Prime Minister’s Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nutrition (POSHAN) Abhiyaan or National Nutrition Mission is one of the India’s flagship programmes to improve nutritional outcomes for children, adolescents, pregnant women and lactating mothers by leveraging technology, a targeted approach and convergence. It aims to build a people’s movement (Jan Andolan) around malnutrition.
Key Strategies
For implementation of POSHAN Abhiyaan the mission adopts a four point strategy: 1. Inter-sectoral convergence for better service delivery 2. Use of technology (ICT) for real time growth monitoring and tracking of women and children 3. Intensified health and nutrition services for the first 1000 days Jan Andolan
India
Bihar
75.6
47.3
Rural Urban
55.4 52.4
Hindu Muslim
S H O R TF ALL I N H E ALT H F A C I L I T I E S I N R U R AL A R E AS ( % )
S H O R TF ALL I N H U MAN R E SO UR CE I N R U R A L A R E AS ( % )
Source: Rural Health Statistics 2019 Source: Rural Health Statistics 2019
PHCs and HWC-PHCs
StateIndia
Surplus
Source: Status report of ICDS as on 31st March 2015
StateIndia
Surplus
2.8
26.1
6.0
81.8
3.94.7
Sanctioned Operational Providing Services
N U M B ER O F A W C s
Source: Status report of ICDS as on 31st March 2015
1,400,000 I N D I A 1,346,186 1,258,166
S T A T E
62 67 68
2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015
N U M B ER O F N U T R I T I O NAL R E H AB I L I TAT I O N C E N T RES
Source: PIB 2012-13 , 2013-14 & 2014-15
688I N DI A 875 896
S T A T E
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
C H I LD R EN A G E D 0 - 7 1 M O NT H S W H O R E C E I VED S E R VI C ES F R O M A N A W C ( % )
Source: NFHS 2015-16
55.0S T A T E
53.6I N D I A
• The state has a tremendous shortfall of primary health-care facilities, with a shortfall of more than 70% of PHCs which is the first point of contact for the people with any medical officer. But in contrast, there is a surplus of doctors at PHCs.
• There is also a huge shortfall of more than 90% specialists at the CHC level. • Nearly half of the state’s children and 30% of its pregnant women do not receive their entitled services like nutritious foodetc. from AWC.
M O T H ERS R E C E I VED S E R VI C ES F R O M A N A W C D U R I NG P R EGNANC Y ( % )
70.1S T A T E
NO DATAI N DI A
Note: For India 'No Service 'is available.
Source: NFHS 2015-16
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Activity type State Value (%) India Value (%)
Home Visits 14.9 14.4
Anemia Camp 6.5 1.5
Community Radio Activities 1.1 0.3
Cooperative/Federation 0.7 0.2
Defeat Diarrhoea Campaign (D2) 0.5 No Data
Farmer Club Meeting 0.9 0.2
Haat Bazaar Activities 3.1 0.4
Harvest Festival 0.3 0.2
Other Activities 8.7 34.7
Panchayat Meeting 3.3 1.0
Poshan Mela 6.9 8.2
Poshan Rally 5.0 2.6
Poshan Walk 3.4 1.5
Poshan Workshop/Seminar 4.2 4.1
Prabhat Faree 2.3 1.1
Safe Drinking Water in Anganwadi Centres 1.6 0.7
Safe Drinking Water in Schools 1.8 0.2
School Based Activities 7.7 2.9
VHSND 8.4 No Data
6.0
11.5
6.9
7.6
7.2
Anemia
Poshan (Overall Nutrition)
T H EMES - WI SE A C T I V I T I ES I N P O SH AN M A A H ( S EP T EMB ER 2 0 1 9)
Source: http://dashboard.poshanabhiyaan.gov.in/janandolan/#/
C O NT R IB UT I ON O F A C T I V I T I E S I N P O SH AN M A A H ( S E P TE MB E R 2 0 1 9 )
Source: http://dashboard.poshanabhiyaan.gov.in/janandolan/#/
21.9 22.8
26.7 29.6
Hindu Muslim
15.9 13.5
Rural Urban
F E M A L E W O R K E R S ( 1 5 - 5 9 Y E A R S ) P O P U L A T I O N R A T I O ( % )
Source: Annual Report PLFS 2017-18 Source: Annual Report PLFS 2017-18
16.6 15.3
Rural Urban
F E M A L E ( 1 5 - 5 9 Y E A R S ) L A B O U R F O R C E P A R T I C I P A T I O N R A T E ( % )
4.0
12.2
Rural Urban
F E M A L E ( 1 5 - 5 9 Y E A R S ) U N E M P L O Y M E NT R A T E ( % )
Source: Annual Report PLFS 2017-18
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
6.0 I N DI A
W O M EN H E AD ED E S T ABL I SHMENT S
Source: All India Report of Sixth Economics Census 2016
6.9 7.8
Hindu Muslim
B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
M E N A N D W O M EN A G E D 1 5 - 49 Y E A R S W H O W A N T M O R E S O N S T H AN D A U GHTER S ( % )
18.7
18.8
22.5
27.1
S T A T E
• Female worker population ratio as well as female labour force participation rate is below 20% in the state. This signifies limited employment opportunities for females in the state.
• Jharkhand has not even 1% of women headed establishments in the country, whereas only 9% establishments in the state are women headed. Further, the proportion of establishments headed by women belong to SC and ST communities are contributing the least in this.
8,050,819
54,732
S T A T E
0 . 7 % 0 u t o f I n d i a ’ s W o m e n H e a d e d E s t a b l i s h m e n t s
8 . 6 % 0 u t o f S t a t e ’ s T o t a l E s t a b l i s h m e n t s - A g r i c u l t u r e & N o n - A g r i c u l t u r e
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
71.1 74.4
Rural Urban
71.6 66.8
Hindu Muslim
C U R R ENT LY M A R R I ED W O MEN W H O P A R TI C I P ATE I N T H R EE D E C I S I ONS* ( % )
63.0I N DI A
Source: NFHS 2015-16
* Three Decisions Own health care Making major household purchases Visits to her family or relatives
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
3.3 1.5
Rural Urban
2.6 3.2
Hindu Muslim
W O M E N W H O H A V E E X P E RI E NC E D V I O LE NC E D U R I NG A N Y P R E GNANC Y ( % )
3.9I N D I A
2.8S T A T E
B Y L O C A T I O N B Y C A S T E B Y R E L I G I O N
W O M E N W H O H A V E E V E R E X P E R I E N C E D E M O T I O N A L , P H Y S I C A L O R S E X U A L V I O L E N C E C O M M I T T E D B Y T H E I R H U S B A N D ( % )
34.7S T A T E
Source: NFHS 2015-16
Source: NCRB 2016
S T AT E R A NK B A S ED O N C R I ME R A T E A G A I NST W O M EN ( R ANK)
25 6,086
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Source: NCRB
C R I MES A G A I NST W O M EN ( I P C + S L L ) ( N o . )
O U T O F 36 S T A T ES & U T s
I N D I A ( 2 0 1 8 )
378,277
7,083
(1.9%) O U T O F I N D I A
D O WR Y D E AT HS R E P OR T ED ( N O . )
267 278 248 252
2015 2016 2017 2018
7,166
W O M EN T R AF F I CK I NG C A S ES R E P OR T ED
( No.)
41
O U T O F 854 I N I N D I A
Source: NCRB 2018Source: NCRB
252
(3.5%) O U T O F I N D I A
Source: NFHS 2015-2016
39.6
20.3
Hindu Muslim
F E M ALE S U I C I D E C A S ES ( No.)
Source: ADSI 2018
F O E T I C I D E S & I N F ANT I C I D E S R E P O RT E D (No.)
Source: NCRB 2018
0F O E T I C I D E S
0I N F A N T I C I D E S
S T A T EI N D I A
128
56408
42,391
• More than 30% of woman in the state having an abusive history, whereas the incidence is higher among SCs and Hindus in comparison to other social and religious categories.
• There has been an increase of 30% in incidences of crime against women since 2016.
S T A T E
I N D I A
57.4
GOVERNMENT FLAGSHIP PROGRAMMES FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
N A T I ONAL R U R AL L I V E L I HO OD M I S S I ON B E T I B A C H AO B E T I P A D H AO
What is NRLM Govt. of India established National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) in June 2010 to implement the new strategy of poverty alleviation woven around community based institutions.
Mission’s primary objective is to reduce poverty by promoting diversified and gainful self-employment and wage employment opportunities for sustainable increase in incomes.
To achieve the desired goal of the mission, NRLM provides a combination of financial resource and technical assistance to states such that they could use the comprehensive livelihoods approach encompassing four inter-related tasks. These tasks are:
1. Mobilizing all rural, poor households into effective self-help groups (SHGs) and their federations; 2. Enhancing access of the rural poor to credit and other financial, technical and marketing services; 3. Building capacities and skills of the poor for gainful and sustainable livelihoods; and 4. Improving the delivery of social and economic support services to the poor.
Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao is a campaign of the Government of India that aims to generate awareness and improve the efficiency of welfare services intended for girls in India.
The Overall Goal of the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) Scheme is to celebrate the girl child and enable her education. The objectives of the Scheme are as under:
i. To prevent gender biased sex selective elimination ii. To ensure survival and protection of the girl child iii. To ensure education and participation of the girl child
Strategies employed to successfully carry out the scheme are:
1. Implement a sustained social mobilization and communication campaign to create equal value for the girl child and promote her education.
2. Place the issue of decline in child sex ratio/sex ratio at birth in public discourse, improvement of which would be an indicator for good governance.
3. Focus on gender critical districts and cities.
T O T AL S H G s F O R MED
239,957
S H G s H A V I NG B A N K A C C O UNT * ( % )
S H G s H A V I NG C R ED I T L I N K ED ( %)
T O T AL V I L L AGE O R GANI ZAT I ON S
F O R MED
16,487
T O T AL C L U ST ER L E V EL F E DER AT IO NS
594
Source: JSLPS progress report as on (January 31, 2020)
57.457.4 * Data on number of SHGs having bank account is not available. So, it is considered that number of SHGs having bank account and number of SHGs having credit linked with banks are same.
Source: U-Dise
S C H O OL S H A V I NG G I R L ’ S T O I LET I N E L E MENT ARY E D UC AT I ON ( % )
Source: U-Dise
59.8
INDIA STATE
G I R LS E N R O LMENT I N S E C O NDAR Y E D U C ATI O N ( % )
Source: U-Dise
S C HO OL S H A V I NG G I R L ’ S T O I LET I N S E CO ND ARY E D UC AT I ON ( % )
Source: U-Dise
90.3 95.2
91.8 88.2
94.8 96.3
2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017
INDIA STATE
G I R LS E N R O LMENT I N E L E MENT ARY E D U C ATI O N ( % )
• There has been almost no improvement in girls’ enrolment in elementary level while a slight improvement in secondary level in the state since 2014 to 2017. However, similar trend can be observed for the entire country.