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Jim Stinnett: Bossa Nova BassBy admin in Instruction and Education June 17, 2011 11 commentsThis lesson, Bossa Nova Bass, is an excerpt from the online course, Jazz Bass 2 at Stinnett Music OnlineSchool.Jim Stinnett is one of the worlds foremost instructors of both the electric bass as well as the upright. In additionto his teaching duties for over 20 years at Berklee College of Music in Boston (where he is a full Professor),Jims expertise in great playing and great pedagogy draw large numbers of students from all over the world tothe Stinnett Music programs. In New Hampshire, Jim runs multiple sessions of Bass Workouts, as well as theall-out New Hampshire Bass Fest, annually. What truly makes Jims teaching leaps and bounds better than anyother bass education program is his ability to make an idea like this so complete in one stream of thought, yetkeep it from being complex enough for the average player to lose interest in the topic. As you will see in thislesson, the art of the Bossa Nova bassline is broken down and explained bit by bit to build a firm, well-informed, and most importantly, musical foundation on the subject.Please note that all notation files can be enlarged upon clicking on them.

IntroductionMusic from many cultures are a vital part of the American music scene today. Bossa Nova is the most popularof all these imported styles. Bossa Nova is a unique Brazilian style of music that became an integral part of Jazzperformance in the 1960s. If you are going to be prepared to work jazz gigs, you must play Bossa Nova well.I recently spent two weeks in Brazil, playing and teaching bass. I want to tell you, these guys are serious aboutthe bass down there. I have never seen as much importance placed on the bass in music. Everyone wasgrooving, soloing, and leading with the bass. While they loved our straight-ahead jazz, they went crazy over ourBossa Nova tunes. We played simple bossa bass lines and killed them with taste. I have listened to and playedBossa Nova tunes for many years. I was always struck by the beauty and power of Bossa Nova bass.

The most prolific composer of Bossa Nova style was Antonio Carlos Jobim. Most of Tom Jobims songs havebecome standards in our jazz repertoire. This lesson will use Jobims music to explore the beauty of Bossa Novabass.Rhythms & PitchesThe bossa bass line is simple. Its beauty lies in its simplicity. That said, KEEP IT SIMPLE. Just like thequarter-note rhythm in a walking bass line, the dotted-quarter eighth-note pattern in the bossa nova bass line ismighty powerful when played well. The characteristics of the bossa bass line are; pitches = roots and 5ths,rhythms = dotted-quarter followed by eighth-note.

Here is a beautiful Jobim tune, Dindi. This bass line is simple and effective. (Sequenced track for illustration)

Dindi bassline transcriptionDownload File

VariationsThere are numerous variations to the basic Bossa Nova bass pattern. We will look at a few popular ones. A goodrule of thumb is to use these variations sparingly, sandwiched in between the basic groove. In the examplebelow, the variations move away from the basic pattern.

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In a Bossa Nova bass line, your choice of which register to use when playing the 5th of each chord is veryimportant. There is a distinct difference in sound between the 5th above the root and the 5th below the root.This difference is felt more strongly with certain chord movement. Here is a typical illustration found in manybooks of how to play a Bossa bass line. Notice that all of the 5ths are located above the preceding roots.

While the use of the 5th above is common place, in not the necessarily the preferred motion. Lets look at howplaying the lower 5th affects the overall shape of our line. Playing the lower A in the first measure creates asmooth step-wise motion to the root of G7. The D (5th) in the second measure is the same octave (commontone) note as the root of D-7. In measure three and four, the lower 5th is now the common tone to the precedingG7.

PhrasingAn important aspect of good Bossa bass playing is phrasing. Phrasing, when playing a bass line, is sometimesdifficult to hear on the surface. There are a variety of elements that are used to create phrases long notes vs.short notes, rhythms, pitches, dynamics, repetition, question and answer, and register. This example shows thefour-measure phrases broken into two distinct 2-bar shapes. The repetition and mixing and matching of the 2-bar phrases, creates longer, interesting, eight and sixteen-bar phrases. Notice the characteristics of each 2-measure phrase.

In the notation for this video, each two-bar pattern is labeled so you can see the progression of development.Notice the various combinations that make up the four-bar phrases. Can you see how there are three differentsections that make up the overall tune?

Section 1 measures 1-24: The first three four-bar phrases end with the A pattern. The next three phrases endwith the B pattern.Section 2 measures 25-40: four phrases that begin with pattern 4 followed by variations on pattern C.Section 3 measures 41-56: quite a bit of variation using elements of the previous patterns combined with newshapes. There is a slight resolution of the song with the last phrase returning to a familiar pattern #4 and a Cpattern combination.

It has been my observation that many students actually use far too many shapes and patterns in their playing.This results in too little repetition and weakens the bass line. The goal is NOT to figure out numerous coolpatterns, but rather to create a flow and shape to the entire song. Your bass line should be repetitive enough sothe other musicians are comfortable knowing where you are going. They can then build on your foundation.You, in turn, can use variation to move the song along and shape it.Creating PhrasingHere are eight different two-bar phrases played over the same chord changes. Follow the process outlined belowto learn and hear the subtle beauty of creating phrasing.

1) Begin using the play-along that has each phrase performed 4 times in a row. This is just to get the sound inyour ear. With repetition, you will become comfortable with the hand position and shapes of each phrase. Listento how the movement from one phrase to the next creates a form-type phrasing. This phrasing leads your ear.

2) Now move to the track that repeats each phrase twice. The overall phrasing takes on an entirely new feel.Work with this audio track and this movement until it feels natural. Because the phrase groups are now 4 barslong instead of 8 bars long, you will play through entire group of 2-bar phrases twice.

3) The example has each 2-bar phrase played only once through before moving on to the next. You will playthrough the entire song 4 times. This track is actually a very good example of BAD phrasing. I normally do notlike to use examples of what NOT to play, but in this case it is good to hear how quickly the movement fromphrase to phrase happens. This quick progression totally disrupts the flow of the song. Ultimately, your ear willtell you when to move from one groove to the next.

As you learn the sounds of the 2-bar phrases and can recall each one from memory, you will find certain onesthat your ear likes to use to end a long phrase. You will choose combinations that takes your line to a differentplace, creating tension and resolution in your longer lines. Do not underestimate the power of repetition here.With directed repetition, these simple shapes can become a part of your vocabulary to use at will.

4) The last play-along track has NO bass. It is your job to mix, match, and combine the two-measure phrases tocreate longer phrases. Watch the previous video (3.8) again to get an idea of how to combine the phrases.

Try these combinations:A) phrase 1 played two times = 4 measuresB) phrase 1 played three times, followed by phrase 2 played once = 8 measuresC) phrase 1 played once, followed by phrase 2, then repeat = 8 measuresD) phrase 3 played one time, followed by phrase 2 one time = 4 measuresE) phrase 6, then phrase 4, followed by phrase 6, ending with phrase 7 = 8 measuresGet creative with your combinations, and listen to the resulting phrases. If you find this difficult, go back andpractice each pattern individually.Phrasing TechniquesHere is a list of techniques I commonly use to create phrasing while playing a bossa bass line.I think of my line with specific characteristics, one of the four listed below. I typically start with the simpliestsound. You can look back to the song Dindi and see this. Then at a chosen point I move to incorporate a new setof characteristics. This gives the song an impetus, or directions. I can then go back to my original concept, tobring the feel back home.Now that my song has two distinct areas of feel, I can now choose to spice up one the of sections by moving tousing a new set of characteristics, or not. Most great bassists do this sort of shaping naturally without eventhinking about it. They just let their ears guide them. As a student we need to practice this phrase shaping to getthe concept and sound in our ears.Here are four different sets of characteristics I commonly use when playing a Bossa Nova bass line:1. low and simple,?roots only,?repetitive rhythm pattern2. roots & 5ths, ?2-bar rhythmic pattern, ?alternating lower & higher 5th3. add half-step approaches, ?rhythmic variety, ?4-bar phrasing4. register shifts, ?8-bar phrasing, ?song form phrasing

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While virtually none of these choices are consciously thought of while performing live music, they can, andshould be, practiced. By drawing your attention to these various aspects and isolating them in your practice,your ear will draw on them when you are playing for real. When the pressure is on, we always revert to default.During live playing conditions, we play those things we are comfortable playing. To allow new techniquesand concepts into our default menu, we must work to make these things comfortable in our fingers and ears. Wedo this by focused repetition in practice. Students often ask me, When will I get this into my playing? Its nota matter of time; its a question of comfort level. There is no seniority in music. Many things you would like toplay dont just soak in over time. You have to make them part of your vocabulary by practicing them until theyare comfortable.Listen for these form / phrase characteristics in the music you hear. Transcribe the phrases you like, and turnthem into practice exercises. Exercise patience playing your Bossa bass lines. Take your time to add just thesmall bit of variation. Remember, simple is always best. Play with taste.Excerpt from the book, Reading Bass Parts Vol. 1

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JobimJobims music is easy to play and easy on the ears. They are a bass players dream because the more simply youplay, the better the song sounds. I once heard someone say, If Jobims tunes werent so beautiful they would beboring as hell. Who said good had to be complicated?There are many recordings of Jobims music. The quality of the melody and the harmonic movement is atestament to why his songs have been arranged for countless groups. You can hear Jobims music performed asan instrumental jazz version, big-band jazz, pop style with strings, solo voice with guitar, etc.What is it that makes Jobims music so popular, and able to traverse cultures? I cannot pretend to answer thisquestion definitively, but to me, it is the simplicity of melody, harmony, and rhythm, and of course, the hypnoticbass groove.Check out these excerpts of some of my favorite versions of Jobim classics.Quiet Nights Performed by Oscar Peterson

How Insensitive Performed by Diana KrallDownload File

No More Blues Performed by Bia Mestrin

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11 comments

1. Steve Durborow says:February 17, 2011 at 9:20 pmGreat content! Thanks for sharing.Reply

2. kenny slusser says:

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117LikeLike

February 18, 2011 at 5:49 amTalk about making beautiful music. Very nice!Reply

3. eduardo caste says:February 18, 2011 at 8:21 amgreat lesson thanks!!!Reply

4. Fran says:February 18, 2011 at 8:25 am

This is amazing. Its explained in a very simple and straightforward way even I can understand it This lesson comes at the right time for me since Im being taught how to create my own bass lines.Weve begun with the 5th (up and down) and 8, and also to use in between notes in half steps to juice itup so to speak. So this lesson really compliments what Im working on right now so thank you for thiswonderful gift.Reply

5. Andrew says:February 18, 2011 at 11:31 pmThis was a great lesson very thorough and easy to follow. So good in fact, that I took what I learned intomy bands rehearsal last night and as we were working on a new song, I just dropped in a bossa nova lineand the band loved it!!Thanks!!Reply

6. Albin Palasser says:February 19, 2011 at 3:38 pmPerfect Jim ! this is what it needs to be a great musician, simple and effective ! thanks, AlbinReply

7. Matt O'Donnell (Managing Editor) says:February 20, 2011 at 10:37 pmAndrew So glad that you enjoyed this and were able to use the skills so soon! Keep practicing with theplay-a-long tracks in this lesson, and your ability to play good Bossa Nova will grow exponentially!Albin Thanks for coming over and reading!Fran Keep practicing!

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8. Ilias D. Makris says:February 21, 2011 at 9:30 pmOne of my favorite lessons in Jazz Bass II.Reply

9. Jim Stinnett says:February 23, 2011 at 2:21 amHow cool, to see folks enjoying this little glimpse into the beauty of Bossa Bass. Thanks Matt. And all ofyou who are appreciating this lessonReply

10. EDGAR AMOR says:May 16, 2013 at 5:41 pmGREAT BLESS FROM TIJUANA MEXICOReply

11. Peter Weil says:November 25, 2013 at 12:30 pmThis is an incredibly helpful lesson. Thank you! However, all of the audio links now link to the first Dindisound file. Can the others please be restored?Reply

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