jim yellow book

8/7/2019 Jim Yellow Book

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Legible London

Yellow Book

A prototype wayfnding

system or London

LegibleLondo

n

YellowBook


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Legible London

Yellow Book

A prototype wayfnding

system or London


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Legible London

Yellow Book

A prototype waynding

system or London

Developed by AIG or

the London boroughs,

Transport or London,

London Development

Agency, Londons

land-owners and its

travelling, resident and

visiting public.

Produced and published or

Transport or London by

Applied Inormation Group

2007 Transport or London

First edition November 2007

This book is in two

sections. The rst hal is

an overview in the orm

o an essay outlining the

background, research

and development work

that has culminated in

the Legible London

prototype waynding

system or the West End.

The second hal is a

visual summation that

shows the application

o theories, concepts

and ndings that ormthe oundations o the

waynding system.

Contents

5 Introduction

7 Legible London the story so ar

By Jim Davies

26 Whos it or?

Dierent people, goals and journeys

Ways o seeing understanding cities

Above ground as well as underground

32 Guiding principles

The role o named places

Looking or clues inormation journeys

Providing answers to p eoples questions

38 Prototype in the West End

Getting eedback rom the street

Evolving the design

Universal design

Sign locations

Family o sign types or walkers

Mapping to help people orientate

Product innovation

Continuity above and below the streets

Map o landmarks

Fitness or purpose

60 Feedback

61 Glossary

62 Reerences

62 Sources & Bibliography

64 Acknowledgements & Credits


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Legible London

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Introduction

L e y w . Te My v me e he w m w ey e y 2015. W ejye,ee ee vy m pepe, eey p he

eveyy jey.

Lee L wy pje ee pve ee mhh he Cp pepe wh w w. A y e wye eh p L h he pee me pee yem e L e eeve e , h hee w eqe ve-ee he e mp hep pepeve ve .

p L h we wh he L Devepme Aey pehp wh L Bh evep wy pv ew m he p, e ee pyem, p heh, he emy, m he evme.

T e he y he e evepme Lee L p

he pype he Ox See e, mpv m Chm hppe m Nveme 2007.


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Lee L he e , e e m he p e ey e whee jme mpveme mh e me.

A me pepe hh e he w m mpex e, Lee L e pve e eeh,

py he pe me mpp. B w exmpe e pe he w, he yem h hve he e me, B Lee Cy he uk R S yem, whh h ee

pv wh e 1964.

Te Ox See pype, , p he Lve, Ox See, Ree See, B See A A P heRe See (me my orb), whh m ejvee he We Ehpp . orb m mpe, m. e he p

L We E e he w peme m eh em we pe ve, ex pe v, vhpp e h he w y mh. Te orb A P e h hh eqe pp m my ee pe.

heve orb jeve ve 100 ee eve he p em

hee e e e, he e h, he e e. Te orb A P ee h mpv hepee v ey he e v he e hehee ey e ee he mmee e. T whee heLee L yem e py e hep pepe expe he e .

Ox See e hppe w h. B eve je pe hpp ze. J he wee e he ee e S Chphe Pe Myee Hh See wh hehe he e. he h hee B See wh hh-qye, Sh M See, wh pme h, jeweey ee hp. Ree See h my we-w . CySee e-eh e he e ye hppe.

ehm C R we w ee pmee e. Hep pepe ee hee y e p ee vey ey p he orb ey.

Ove 200 m pepe v he We E eh ye, pe ve 4.7 .Sme 87 pe e hem he mve . w Chm,hee e e y. S Ox See Deeme em

pe me e he Lee L wy yem. E WeE hppe e m a b Chm he m ee

West End acts

200 million visitors

4.7 billion spending each year

87% o visitors move on oot

41% dont wander o

the main roads.1

SymbolThe Legible London walker

instantly recognisable and

derived rom the universal

symbol to represent walking.

Which way to Christmas?

w h, ee, pe ww py, p. Smehw, Ch m hpp L We E ehee ey .

I he p Chm 2007, , -e Ox See hppehve ee hepe he wy y ew wy yem. I w hem qy e he e e hp he, e e,em mem, e. T he he-e me he e ehe pveme he w. Pe e , me y qey he vee pee, he h ewwy yem pee m ey, y y wy h h ey ee empe ee.

So what's new?

My h ee ee e yh wh he wy we h whewee mv m e pe he.

F exmpe, evey p e ee p wee, hw we

y ee e pe he. I e ee mp ee e vey qy y he mmee , hw hw hee e he . Smpe 3d w e hveee pe he mp x ve p pepe m. A e,ey e hehy pe me h ee evepe pepe ppee he ee e he p.

A h e he wh eye p we hee yew wh ppe he p eh p, e . Teym pee whe h weve e h m vme he YewB.

Te Ox See heme pype pje e Lee L.

T ppe ew pee wy yem hep pepe ve he p p he My we mmme m L y w e y. Lee L ppe y he My L,p L (tl), he L Devepme Aey my L he, wh w-hw m m e y aig. I e j e, p ehe mpemey w e y heee .

Te Ox See pype w mpemee p he ey ppe

An essay by Jim Davies.

Jim is an author and design

commentator whose work

has appeared widely in

international design magazines

and national newspapers.


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2012, e, j he mmee p. Te ey he mve veme e e w e e ee me. Whh whymey ee e pe wey heme h w me e eee he

eveyy ve Le.

Oe he My m L m e he m

w-ey e he w y 2015. e, pv peeh ee phy e w e he uk . L he e wh e eme mj ep he p, pmme h y mpve ze qy e. Epepe w whee hey me mh ee em p, pheh, he evme. Lee L ey eeme we pmme pp w he p.

ejye wy w e hee. B e h w ee hem me ejy my me me .

A he ppe h yem p he ex eme pee heWe E he e me ye, h e we he m

yem he p p we pmme mpve he ey L ee p pe.

Legible London how we got here

The Mayors vision

Fm he e, L ee e he w ee e , e hee me h h. Pepe wh ey ve he y ee hee w wy e pey eeee mpvehe evme.

Tee ey pee L p e, h e ey. Ove he ex 20 ye, eme h L ppw w y e 800,000.1 I my wy h e ppy. Te

pp ee he em pe h e w h ee ehee me L y e y.

Te My h e e v L e hee mpemeyheme: vee em wh; vy; mempveme evme meme e ee. Che eew e ey eve, wh empy m e 30S My Axe ( Te Ghe) e Me he Sh B ehew e hee. My e L w ee e w eee . Tee vve evepme w hh he p, e e zz ee expe.

2012 and all that

A hee mme y he . Te L 2012 Oymp Pymp Gme e j he e, v ey hemy ve pp L ee, he e. Upeeeeme pepe m he uk ve he w w f he p 2012, mp h hey ee weme e ey. Tee ee ee e e me. Eveye w ehe w mm .

What the Mayor wants

Strong and diverse

economic growth

Social inclusivity

Improvements in

environmental management

and use o resources

Londons population

set to increase

14.3% increase to 8.5 million

people by 2029.2

7.4 m

8.5 m

Where to next?

As unprecedented numbers o

people fock to London or the2012 Games, its crucial that

measures are in place to help

them navigate the city.


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Commercial

A w -ey y -ey y, he emy

ee ey. Ree ppee hv pepe w phe hp ee p e mpe y. Fe pepe, w m mee pve me

h, p j hv e e he he.Te Cp L, exmpe, h ee he ee m hh-qy w evme he Cy L.P, e me ee pve eve eveeme eey.

Health

Te Che Me Oe ee w he ee h pee exee. Am he h, ee he yhe ee, ey e, we pee, ee hhhee y , ee e ey, ehe me

we e. A w-me w he e e he .

We ee h w , pey evey.Te ex ep ee y me hh pmme mpveme he w we-ee,

e p m yem. S hw we heve h?

The Walking Plan or London

W me e y e ppe y p e.L ee wh ve, ph, p, w, mp qe,me m, w ee, he he em, w- h hee. I he w, hee pey ee pey e ve .

Th w me p y ve, w evme

meme p pepe . Te W P L ee he ee ee e, ve ee evme h mpve Leexpeee he ee he e w . T p ee heey e eev w L e hw hey e ee p -eeve wy.

The case or walking

Lee L pe he p me. We eve he m h , whee pepe e eepve em he pve w he me e he h jey L. Te p em

me phe we evme epy, hee h eee wy. W py mp e mL hehe, me pe y, e ee pe pe.

I h yh eve y w. A me p, ey ve em ee p, e,e e. W e, evmey ey ee. I e he e m exee w m, ee e e. Me pepe he ee me e ee.

Ye, epe hee p p, w e ve wy me ve h p.

Hee e me he pve ee w:

Transport

W ey 15.4 m y p L.F he p, hh y ee, ee ejye wy

mv he y, he vme pepe w , m he ee L m. E pepe w me hep ee pee he p p yem, m me ee e vewe. R pe e ee p, ee hep ee wy.

Society

W ee vey, e me ey mphee he ee, we ee v pe wehp. See me ee y hv me ppe ee, pepe ee e e. Be ee, w h hy y ve. De m he ee evme wh he ee pepewh my mpme m y ee he

epeee. I ee he wh e empy emeewh e, hpp e.

Environmental

W y e m p. I e

p, pe co em, h e evmemp. I me pepe we me e, we hve e e, ee q y. A -e L wy yem ee v phy e he p ee.

Health benets o walking

reduces obesity

lessens risk o heart disease

lowers blood pressure

reduces high cholesteroland body at

increases bone density

enhances mental wellbeing 2

Journeys per day

Walking accounts or the

majority o journeys in

London already.

Walking trips

Other trips

55%

45%

Walking trips

Composition o the 15.4 million

daily trips made on oot.1

Walk or pleasure

walk to access publictransport

Walk A-B

36%

37%

27%


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w. Tee e m hh-pe mpveme he p em (h m p Pme Sqe) hh ew . Bee

pee ey, mpve ee h m w e mpv he pee .

Wy ey mpe he we pmme w. I eehe ee e hw he p ehe ve ee

v he ee w expe he y. M wy w

pepe me h, we mme ehe pp mve w me ee e yem wm h he y.

Mixed signals

L qe. I jm-pe m pe ee, y h y wy whe ye w. Ue he New Y, he mp, -ee Amem,L h e ee. Te y me p h e ehh h, wh pe mze ee, meee, ee .

Te mzy, ee ee e L hve evve yve he ee, whh my he y hm he, me y he pee ve. Oe L me p my peee, e e wh ve hh he ee. Depehe mp h , e hw h e eve

Le hve e he wy , qewy e .

Te hee vme he pem. I he Lee Ly e y tl mme y he Ce L Pehp,m e y aig ee e 32 epe wy

yem pee he e Ce Ch Ze e.

Tee yem me wh h p eee m, e qy.De me e e. S e e. De vy , hpe, ypee, me . Sme e meppey, e v m. Tee mm he p ee . By , e m vehe e, e epe h he y e hee eee .

L mpex y, he e e wy yem hve

Where am I?

One in seven Londoners cant

nd their way around the city

easily. One in our worry about

getting lost.2

The Walking Plan or London aims to:

C-e evey he evep he p, m e peeee e e me

Ee m he p v phe me mp

Impve ee y w p ee, evep ee

pee ew mpeme mpveme

Devep ee mee mpve pee ewevepme ehe

Impeme ey ey mee hep pee

Aheve he My v wh e meme, wh h w eqe ee e eve.

By 2012, e L he Oymp ze h hve ee evee

h exmpe pee-ey e. h e, he My L w ey wh p L he L h, me he ee me mee ve w, mpv

e e p, e me. Te m m heMy V me L e he m we e he wy 2015 (mpe e eve 2000).

W ey 80 pe e p e me he mwy whh p p ee L. A me p,w w e w h pp wh ( a b p), hweve,he wh pemy e e L. A we a b p,w py mp e ee vy h L p p pe.

Ahe pe, e, hve e e py v e he ve pee e L.A e e he Mem Be, exmpe, whh w ppevy ee eh he, pe p ex ew pe

ve . Ie wy phyy j ee e, ee, wwy, pee-pe e, w ee pepe

w he h h he me p.

Tee mpveme he evme e p wepmme veme e m ee he My v L e he w em w-ey

e. Ove he ex hee ye, he My tl w e vem p w heme y h ee


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m eye. We vey p wh e me mp w y. Ay e wy yem ee pp pepe

he me mp (e hey e vee L).

Mental mapping

Cve ee eeh w he ee e h hw we eveppe e he ep p he phy evme y hem p me mp pe, e , evey,e. Te me mp we y eph, evve heehp ewee meme e hey e eev ee. T he hppmp e he whh, , ee L ve.

Te wy mey mp e me h whe we ee ew e, we wh pe v e p, whh m ey he wy yem (e). Fm hee, we eewee hee p. We p wee he e he e(y) , y, e e (ehh). Sep y ep,we p wee ee me mp we hve mhm we ee. Pepe ew L p e e p wee e, ehh.

B h y me me my. A p L hve me m. I Ce L, e (Sh, Cme w,Cve Ge, Chw) m (Te L Eye, B Be, we Be,Cy Wh ), ee, qe he me mpppe. Ohe p L hve he w ve e m,

efe he y ev m phw , ee, v e w h hve y je ehe he y h w. B he w e ee e hee pee wee he y ephy mee eev e, e e. A h ppe he he he p wy yem w mp L.

Te e me mp we hve, he me e we e w e exp ew e . L ee L ee vepepe he pmp ee pp he pe me mpp.

Fm he hey e eeh, he y mve ex phe e e Lee L. T h vve eep vee he e ee h -e, L-we peeyem w ee.

me eve we vey ee. T efe he vey he e epe e mee he ee evme L. Te L h e he h he e m he p L R New (tlrn). New Rme he m wy . L Ue me he e

. I , hee e my evepme, e ppeyp e wh pe e. Tee e Be ImpvemeD, he Ge Ee, -e pehp h

e h h me mmee he ShB Empye Gp.

My hee ee hve evepe he w myem he w ppe. Eveyh hee yem e

ey ee e e y ee p y ew pmme he y m ppe wh he hwe. B my e, ppe h m yem hve ee evepe . w em m mmee, he e e me e, pvee. Fm h p w, we ee me he ee pee,he h h e pve pm p e e.

Te , e, mve w me hee pph pee m L whe. T ee e e me he ee ppe h peve e h, e pepe wh hey ee w whe hey ee w , m hem wh eev, pey m.

Developing the Legible London approach

I ee ye, me he L eewhee heuk hve ee w evep -e pee m mpp yem. p L vveme h pe e 2005 whe ppe he mm eeh y hh heCe L Pehp, y whh epee eve h we

e ee m e L. Te ep, ee Le e L-A Wy Sy, w phe Mh 2006. Te e L h ee he y e he -ppe pp hepje hh he ex e. A pee Deeme 2006 epeeve m L h ee w e w, pv hewy he ve h .

A he he he Lee L pph pee m he e me mpp. Te me we ve p e, he ee eme

A Wayfnding Study

Identied the need and method

or creating a more Legible

London, and has gained

in-principle support rom

central London Boroughs.

The knowledge

Asked How much o theGreater London area do you

think you know?, 45% o

people answered 10% or less.1

75%


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Feasibility studies

Ae he e e ve, p ey e wee e pehp wh he Sh B Empye Gp he L Bh Rhm e he vy he wy yem w vey ee

L evme.Te Sh B /We e e he ey p h he y.I v me Te L Eye he me e he y, w v he ve he pepe-me e he Ry Fev H, e Me he Ge Tee, whhe e y. Ce L w e ey e 2012, wh my pepe y he y ve m hee e L wh he Gme.

Ie he Rhm, wehm Kew e e qe ee. Teee me pee e, wh e ee, he m hee hee p hee ee h. Te he w h e eee, hep e wh eeme he heme w vey, e whee me e pph my e eey.

P ey e e pv p m e h Lee Lw h. Tey pve ey p ve, p-pe h he j we he h ee he e. Tee e he expeee p eve e he w e.

I e, exmpe, -e me y w e me pe he ee eve pp y e ex.Ieve e y e e he e expeee eemm ve. Smy, wh L ee L mp pe he p we -. Repeve e y he p.

Ohe e eeh whh pp he Lee L pphemme e:

Research Business International 2002

Whh h 66 pe e vee w e we p p, e e hw w mp.Am h e h h 80 pe e, eve my-we mme he e 60 pe e.

MORI study or the London Borough o Islington 2005T epe h 49 pe e epe h ee e mp-e , hee 83 pe e wee e h he hhepe hem he wy. Mp h e 66 pe e wh he

Walking maps

Ater being shown a walking

map, 66% o travellers would

consider walking instead o

using public transport. Among

tourists, this gure increases

to 80 per cent.2

h e, ee eeh pmme wee mme. Tee ehe aig/ls We Jey ep, ve e L , whh hweh e e jey he e ew e L e e h

2km , e m h p. aig W e Sy mee jey ewee ee he me e w

ve . Am he h, h 55 pe e 109 jeyewee p e L wee qe w. A tl y wy e h e 25 pe e pee e he emp my e a- he wy L y,ehe hee e h ee ee eve he ee w .

Ohe tl eeh eve h e w m Le pve, my ee he e heh evme ee.w-h Le wee eepve w me ve he ex ye wh w he ye pp (e 35) wme. Sx e Le w e me mve w hee wee me e he pveme wee ee. H w e me mve hee w mem w/pe ee.

Quantifed savings

Ahe tl-mme ep y p em C Bh,me pve eve ey e. T eeh e evepee he pype heme w ee e evewe ew, he e mpe.

qy pe jey me v wh he e L e,Bh evewe 1,500 pee e me he me pepe whe e e e h ee. Jey wee he mppe whehe epe h e he qe e. Ae hee he vey p he me pee p e CeL, w eme h me v pe p pe pe w eweeve pee eve pee pee h e qe w e.

Bh ee he pe ee m mpv he qy hew evme. Bee e: ee we ee; ee he wy; ee e; mpve mee; me peey.

Eve evve mp, he ee weh he . Te pp heee pve e e, pee L ee L whwhe veme.

Estimated beneft

Reducing the numbers o

people who get lost or take

longer than necessary journeys

could result in time savings

per trip per person o between

5p and 7p.1


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I Je 2006, Ce L Pehp e y- whp Se We Tee, whee he, p pe, epehp, he, veme epme, he pe,

evme p my he me ehe e pee he Lee L heme. Whp e y expe he

epeve e expe , hwe ehy, peme,ee v e p mee e. Te eveee we ehm he pje, wh pp ee w whehe ex e w e he.

The Legible London Exhibition

I Oe 2006, exee p , he Lee LExh w he New L Ahee Se See, L c1. Te ve, eve exh x mh, w pe

he ee p. Th ee em, hwe he m ppe pp pee wy hhhe mpe eepe L. Fee m m he exh

hwe h ey 60 pe e pepe wh ee he ex h h e m he e w e hee.

me e wh he ex h, we e e whe ww w.ee., exp he e L eeL, v v eve he ee e p ep. Te e e m 3000 v he hee wee heexh, wh he p hw h 45 pe e L ee epee, whe 54 pe e ejye w wee pepe me . Ohe ee hwe h 35 pe e epe w e pepe w p h y.

Tee w me ee mme e he . Rep heqe Wh ee L v e?, Pee mmee: e m m pepe peep me e. We he me

pepe wh v Hh See Ke, whe he Ke Hh See, Khe whe hey e he H Bmp R. Jme me p ee e: I h L e y, I he y e I e he ee

peeve hy he, e pepe ey? I wmeh e h w mey me he eee eve e.

Ask the audience

Several consultation events,including an exhibition at

New London Architecture,

were organised to gauge

public opinion and collect

responses to add to the

development process.

Conused?

25% o people ound current

street signs in London

conusing, while 4% thought

they were world class.1

Consultation

Legible London has been

discussed with many groups

including:

Transpor t or London

The Mayors Oce

Greater London Authority

London Development

Agency

Design or London

Visit London

Central London Partnership

Mos t o Londons 33

Boroughs including:

City o Westminster LB o Camden

LB o Islington

LB o Southwark

RB o Kensington & Chelsea

LB o Lambeth

LB o Richmond-u-Thames

LB o Hackney

Corporation o London

New West End Company

South Bank Employers Group

Major Landowners

Depart ment or Transport

CABE

Metropolitan Police

Accessibility Groups

RNIB

The urban and inormation

design communities

The general public

jey, wh 47 pe e y h he mp h eehem w. Oy 5 pe e h hey hem e.

e ehe, h m pp he vew h eee m ey pee L e expee

eve ve. Jey me me mp he whe me e whehe w. Mp py mp p m hee jme.

Getting everyone involved

p L e he y eh L ee L h -e pe he eqe eeh evepme wh heL Devepme Aey. B hee e my he ehe wh hveee e, ep me pe, pye he p he wy.Iee e e y wy e vyvee, me e eveye w wh he ee pph, w mp ee he wh mh e ee.

Lee L h pve weme ppy ee Lee me ehe w w mm m e ppe, w-ey y h ey ee he p e. Iepee e e h me he , wee ee p L, he My Oe, he L Devepme Aey,Ce L Pehp, he L h, he e m e mme, he ee, we he ee ehe. I pv mpex, mey ew expeee.

Im h, - -pe e v mv heve ey w, he weh j vee e hee me mmem ehm h pe wh e eyw . I he me heve ey y he ee hee wy yem.

Th he ey evepme Lee L, eep he myeee pe me vve h ee ey py. me eh hppee, ee e ve wee e eme he e y emme.

B Deeme 2005, he Lee L y w peee meeee y he e L h we epeeve m mye L h. Te ep w pvey eeve, hee w eeppv he ep ppe eh .

Unpredictable

Inormative

World class

Conusing

Uninormative


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A e pph pee wy m hh hep j he ee w ee ee ve (m peme pe) eve (mp ).I e eqeme e:

Hep pee p jey he wy wh ee ee.

Hep pee ee eeve me mp L .

Ce mm, y pe e m yem fexeeh eveyh m mp wee, e

mpeme.

Structure and signage

evep hee wy yem, hee ee e e e eppe hee me wh p m eve.Te hee ve he meme e m hhhe yem, w ee e me y e me ee m.P m eve e ee pve pee w hhep m whe eee, ee he p w .Tee eqe ey h hey e e ee.

w he eve he y p L wee e he e 2007. He Je Oe, hee ee he hepeeve he e pe evepme h heve hw pee.

Te e vve eep eveye y ee eh he Lee L pmme e ep h ee. B h vy ee p he evepme he pje.Umey, he h he ehe ee e y eh he

evepme - wy ey L.

Bringing it all together

A weve ee, hee mpe e mpeheve heepee wy yem L. Sme he ey ppeeee me w hve ee he :

Te yem ee e evepe p we ey emvehe phy me e w ee eve pepe

w. Te yem ee e e mpeheve e wh me

w y y ee. Mpp e mp p h.B he eeme e mp , h e m,ee y, h, e ee e p .

Te yem ee mm he wheeve hweve pepeee . Pee h e e e p wh he yem qy ememe hw w. T e pp y e eey e he ee, y hv ew pe.

I h e pppe e ewee ey pey he e h he efe he vey he he.

Te yem h e peve e j eh m mh.

I h ee me mpp y e e, e p yem.

I ee e eeve, hh-qy yem h ee he p. AL-we pmme w ee m eme e ph mee.

I read you

As well as mapping and signing,

building design and urban orm,

street layout, lighting, street

urniture and public art all play

a part in creating a legible city.


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Legible London

Yellow book

22 Legible London

Yellow book

23

Next steps

Te Ox See pype p he Lee L pee wyyem hh pe he vey me, pve veppy eve peme. P ey e ewhwhe exee, y e hv he yem he ee

eh wh. Fee m he pype w e hee ve whehe he yem h ee he me jey we hepe pepe e he e me eey. I w ehwhehe pepe ee me e e , w hey hewy he ee ph qy ey. A w wh heyh he e he mp .

I he e e, he p pype e e e he ee h, aig hve ee e evep p e m hep heveey pp he ex he e-e p. I he e Rhm he Sh B , Weme CmeC hve ee e ey he Cve Ge e L,

hee ee he pype wh we - peewy he We E. Nme he h pve pje e

wy pe ve L, hw hee w -e wh LeeL w e hey ey qe he pje pe e e.

Ae he pype, hee w e pe whe he e ev e pe. De he evepme he pype p-L pje e ey e me 2008. I he meme, hpeh we hve he e w- wy yem h me pve he L Gme hep ee he My'

v w- we y.

Why w ?

Bh hee pe he wy yem m w m eee hw pee he wy w e,w e eeve ex yem ( e he e--e e mp), e ee w- .

Living map

Mp e e he e m eph m we hve, e e ee y he we evme. Teye eee ey p ve jey. Lee L evehe evepme e, -e mpp yem. Fm he me,mp vy e m e exe ee ppe.Te m ppee w wy e e e eppe, je e e. Cey he, ype y e, he yem eme v mp pee m.

Te ve, pe, meh h ehe mpe he yemee e h ehe We Wy M L h

pve e e ee ehe, fexeeh mee e veye ee.

Sme pepe e ep he ee mp, v memm pph, wh -ee, eme e e.B mp h ewee he e he y m yem. Whe hee e e hey e . Mp e ee, hw wy mm weh m. Tey

pve h expeee, qy we qe eev he pee Whee m I w?, Whh e I ee ve, Hw w e me e hee?, Hw I he ee...? Ame he Iee,pepe e me phe me m h eve, e epe h m hey-p he we hey ee.

O he ee, aig hve h pepe e pvey he e mp.A expeme, hey me p wh epe pee mpp , j he p pveme e he . I he pe h, 40 pepe pphe pmpe he . Te v mjype ppe mmeey hey eey me e .

Te v mp ep e ppe my me. A we eee, pve w m me phe da, y e v he Iee, y pe, pe mp, e pe he ex p e hw y he ewy w whee y ee e.

Image o the city

Harry Becks London

Underground map is used by

44.7% o people or planning

a journey in London 1. While

its extremely eective or

navigating the Tube system, it

is inadequate or pedestrian

waynding.

Fit or purpose

Pedestrian-specic mapping is

the way orward to encourage

more walking.


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Legible LondonYellow book

24 25

Thinking out loudAt this stage, Legible London is

a prototype that is, a proposed

system thats still in the process

o being developed and rened.

The ollowing pages present

a visual diary o some o theideas, drawings and design

concepts that have infuenced

the way Legible London has

evolved over the past months

and years.

Dierentpeoplehavedierentgoals Inthesesituations theavailability oWhos it or? LegibleLondonis or all o Londons choices Apersons modusoperandi


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26 Legible LondonYellow book

27

Dierent people have dierent goalsat dierent times, and their journeysare many and varied. Goals may oenchange during a journey, or examplewhen agreements to meet are altered,or when a toilet needs to be ound.

In these situations the availability olocal knowledge becomes even moreimportant. Te system is devised tosupport as many o these goals andjourneys as is possible.

A wandering journey

Novice strollerUses their intuitionto explore and discoverinteresting places inthe city.

A learning journey

Novice striderHas a specic destinationin mind but doesnt know

London too well. Interestedin learning quicker waysrom A to B.

An efcient journey

Expert striderHas internalised just whatis strictly necessary to t

with their daily routine.

An open-ended journey

Expert strollerHas an idea o where placesare in the city and uses thatknowledge opportunistically.

Whos it or?Dierent peopleDierent goalsDierent journeys

Legible London is or all o Londonstravellers, it is designed to be i nclusiveo all people, and or all parts o thecapital. Whether that is someonewith knowledge o an area or not, thesystem supports and enhances theirunderstanding to enable better walking

choices. A person s modus operandi their method by which they nd theirway tells us a lot about how theymay plan and carry out journeys; themethods identied in this book workwith this understanding.

A striders journeyA striders goals includeecient travelling.Striders needs the walkingarchitecture to connect updierent transportation

modes and nodes

primarily Tube and walkin London. Their conceptualmodel o their journey is likestones skimming accross thepond. The strategy is get near,then nd it.

A strollers journeyA strollers goals arememorable experiences.Strollers need the walkingsystem to work or themopportunistically at the

street level allowingthem to drit, wander andhave the condence to getlost. The conceptual modelo a stroller is akin toripples in a pond.

Start

Finish

Finish

Finish

Finish

Start Finish

Here?

Where shallwe go?

Here? Here?Here? Or here?

I'm here

I'm there

Using the hippocampusAt theLegibleLondonexhibitionatWhos it or? Tetheory o mentalmapping is itsel and the knowledge and ability


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29

Stick and ball

This map is dened bydestinations (drawn as circlesand named) rather than theroutes (drawn as parallel linesand let unnamed). It isprobably infuenced by theTube map, and emphasises thearrival rather than the journey.

Human A-ZPossibly the work o aproessional. The level odetail is exceptional, withaccomplished dratsmanshipand a thorough understandingo geographical relationships.Note the number o importantlandmarks (to the author!)

Using the hippocampusThe brain is like a muscle;the more we exercise certainparts o it, the more developedthey become. Here we seethe work o people with verydierent hippocampi the areao the brain associated withmental mapping.

LinearThis mental map demonstratesthe importance o backbonewalking routes. Broad andreasonably straight, FleetStreet provides the perectspine rom which roads jut o

to the north and south. Namesare in the rig ht order, but notgeographically. The level odetail and amiliarity with thestreet names suggests that theperson responsible has workedin this area or some years.

At the Legible London exhibition atNew London Architecture, guests wereinvited to draw a map rom memory.Te results, shown on these two pages,were highly revealing.

Who s it or?Ways o seeing Howpeople understand cities

MisunderstandingsThis area is typied by thestrength o the linear villageso Oxord and Regent Streets,as drawn here. But knowledgedoesnt seem to be strong,Piccadilly Circus has missed-out, along with many otherlandmarks. Interestingly,North does not seem to beimportant to this author.

TransportThis drawing describespoint-to-point journeys roma hub (Brixton) through vaguespatial connections. Theurther away rom Brixton itgets, the looser it becomes.

The person whos drawn thisinstinctively divides Londoninto distinct villages.

Te theory o mental mapping iscentral to the way Leg ible London hasbeen conceived and developed. Toughits clear we all build maps in our headsto navigate city streets, the way we doso depends on a host o actors. Not leastis the way in which the city presents

itsel and the knowledge and abilityo the traveller.

A successul pedestrian wayndingsystem works with this understandingrecognise this and nds a way tohelp everyone to build stronger, moresophisticated mental maps.

Whos it or? Reality can sometimes appear unusual. possible, theshort walkcould become


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Berkeley

M A Y F A I RS O H O

Savile

Carnaby

Chinatown

Equally important as theneed to connect known

areas is the need to renepeoples knowledge o localand unamiliar areas; thisagain will reduce peoplesreluctance to walk becauseo a lack o condence.Result: making connectionsand solidiying localknowledge.

Stepping StonesBy loosely dening known

areas in terms o a ve-minutewalk, or 400m, journeysbetween areas seem moreeasily walkable.

Who s it or?Understanding above groundas well as underground

Reality can sometimes appear unusual.Te modes o travel we trust cansometimes warp our sense o direc tionand distance. Many short journeys thatcould be walked are oen taken usinganother orm o transport. Armed witha uller understanding o what is

possible, the short walk could becomea much more ront-o-mind choice ormany o us.

Te ve-minute neighbourhoodsthat exist in London, provide steppingstones to support attempts to makethese short journeys.

Bank

Covent Garden

Walkable Tube Map109 journeys between TubeStations in Central London arequicker to walk above-groundthan to travel by Tube.

Walkable stationsFrom Covent Garden nine

out o ten adjacent stationsare quicker to walk.


31Legible LondonYellow book

Five-minute walks

The ve-minute walk representsthe natural size o an identiableneighbourhood in London.This diagram represents ave-minute walk rom everyTube station. Connections

become more obvious.


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Guiding principles Any journey through central London bearings and, along with our memory,


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35

Final legOten were looking outor a particular buildingor street number, butthese vary widely,as does our experienceo a particular area.

LandmarksBridges, shops,intersections, notablebuildings all theseinstinctively help usidentiy where we areand the direction weneed to take. But beoretheyre any use, we needto build up knowledgeand amiliarity.

Road signsThe British road signage

system is well-consideredand has stood the test otime. However, signs areoten positioned too highand provide inormationthats not particularlyhelpul to pedestrians.

Existing printed mapsYou can take yourpick rom hundredso dierent maps o

Central London aimedat motorists, tourists,shoppers or culturevultures. But very ewo them answer questionsthat pedestrians needto know.

Looking or clues The roleo inormation in a journey

is punctuated by countless examples odirectional inormation coming at thepedestrian in many dierent contextsand media. As well as ocial streetsignage, we use notable architectureand incidental inormation to get our

show us the way. Te problem is, moreoen than not, the available toolspresent dierent pictures, resultingin a gap in understanding.

Bus shelterThough the inormation isclearly aimed at bus users,bus stands and sheltersprovide useul markersor pedestrians, and oteneature small maps o theimmediate streets.

Journey PlannerBeore setting o,travellers might plan their

journey online or usinga printed street nderlike the A-Z. These areavailable in many dierentormats, and arentnecessarily aimed atpedestrians.

On the streetYes, there are plenty osigns out there. In act,an AIG study identied32 separate waynding

systems within theCentral LondonCongestion Change Zone.The trouble is, theres nocommon standard, andinormation can becontradictory.

Tube station

While the Tube map hasproved its worth overmany decades, directionsor the onward journey onoot are inconsistent andbetter at some stationsthan others.

Guiding principlesP idi

An eective pedestrian wayndingd k i

Listening to the questions whenh i l d l


20/34


Oops, were late.We said wed meetSam outside MarbleArch Tube Stationat 2pm. Whats thequickest way?

Ater Ive seenthe Mummiesat the BritishMuseum, wherecan I grab a quicksandwich?

I thats Libertys overthere, how do I cutthrough the back wayto Piccadilly Circus?

Im bursting!Wheres thenearest ladiestoilet?


Providing answersto peoples questions

system needs to answer key questionsat the appropriate time and place.Progressive disclosure giving peoplejust the right amount o inormationjust when they need it, is one o the keyprinciples behind Legible London.

they arise, oen unplanned, mostlyunspoken, provides a structure toinorm the detail o what in ormationshould be provided along the journey,and what shouldnt!

Ummmnot sure.Is this Oxord Streetor Bond Street?

Covent Garden toSohocan I walkthat in ten minuteswithout busting a gut?

I need to get to JohnLewis to order a newwashing machinebut will there be dropkerbs along the wayor my wheelchair?

Prototype in the West EndGetting eedback rom the street

esting and rening. esting andrening esting and rening Making

is an example o rapid prototyping a painstaking process that explores


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39

TestingTrialling dierent optionsand appearances duringdevelopment ensuredsolutions established abest trade-o betweenthe confictingconstraints.

Mixing mediaAccessing inormationdesigned or many typeso people in varied mediawas considered romthe start.

Getting eedback rom the street rening. esting and rening. Makingsure signage meets the needs o the manand woman on the street is an ongoing,cyclical process that takes insight,patience and rigour. Te development othe Legible London West End trial signs

a painstaking process that exploresand adjusts solutions based on userseedback at every turn.

OptionsDierent options camerom constant adjustmentso the smallest detailsto nd the right balance,or trade-o betweenappearance, unctionand level o production.

ExploringThomas Edison tried over1000 dierent materialsbeore he ound the perectone or the lightbulb. Nevergive up nding a way!

ListeningTaking sketches andsamples on to the streetto garner immediateeedback is a key methodin the design process

approach are key considerations.Designs are improved checked with

Prototype in the West EndEvolving the design

Legible L ondons prototypedevelopment takes itscuerom

design rigorously tests actors aectingtheusers experiencebeoresettling on

A virtual model o a ull area was rstcreated to test which concepts designs


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41

Designs are improved, checked withusers and improved again. Over 300iterations o parts o the design havegone into the launch o the prototype.

Rapid prototypingThe virtual modelunctioned both as aplatorm or draughtingdesigns and as avisualisation tool orcommunicating the

Legible London project.

Making the transitionThe undergroundenvironment wasreproduced accurately,providing the opportunityto explore how walkers

could be guided to streetlevel and oriented aboveground eectively.

On-street integrationAdditionally, the virtualmodel allowed or someearly experimentationwith extending themethodology andelements with othertransport systems.

3

8

36

138

293

PlacementOne o the moreinfuential outcomes othe pre-prototype was theselection o appropriatesign locations; it was

ound that a reducedprovision o signs could bejust as eective i placedthoughtully.

Evolving the design development takes its cue romboth product and interactive design.In automotive design, or example,ull-scale models in clay and wood aremade, assessed and improved beorecommitting to the real thing; interactive

the user s experience beore settling ona nal version.

Initial designs are developed threetimes over, evolved, edited and adjustedto achieve the longest-lasting solution.Future expansion and a user-centric

Evolutionary designMany combinations o visualelements are consideredand tried against each other;the ttest design retainsthe most inormativegraphics, having weededout less eective versions.

created to test which concepts, designsand amount o inormation wouldwork best. Tis pre-prototype wastested with people and inormed urtherdevelopment.


23/34

Prototype in the West EndSign locations

Te prototype covers a small areaaround Bond Street ube Station. Te

most prestigeous retail streets. Anyprototype is a test, and this launch will


24/34

gstation is actually 180 metres rom NewBond Street (there is no street namedBond Street) and the prototype goessome way to clear-up any con usionabout how to nd some o the capitals

p ypbe rigorously tested and surveyed to seewhat works best and what should evolveand adapt. Nineteen new signs are goingin the ground and 46 existing objects arebeing taken out o the same area.

Clutter reductionThe replacement oredundant, unusedinormation with a lessernumber o useul signs willimprove the image o thestreet whilst reducingdistractions or walkers.

44 45

The walkerAll th i l l

Prototype in the West EndA amily o sign types

Because o the density o destinationsin London, a map-based system is the

prototype uses two main types o sign,the monolith and the minilith they


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47

Directional inormationDirectional inormation is usedin two main ways: to show theway towards villages and

neighbourhoods, and act as ahoming beacon or attractions.These have an important role inLondon, where majordestinations are otenobscured rom view.

All the signs are clearlyidentied by a yellow strip atthe top and a walker theuniversal symbol or travellingby oot. They stand above headheight so that they are clearlyvisible rom a distance.

Finder mapThe Finder or 5-minute mapis used to nd a destination the end point o the journey.It is littered with useul

landmarks eectively amap o landmarks so theuser can be memorablyguided towards specicstreets and attractions.

Street fnderThis lls in the gaps.Most people are amiliarwith the convention o usingalphabetically ordered streetnames and reerence pointsto nd individual streets on amap its a means o quicklyrealising whats just aroundthe corner.

AddressingThe typography, colour codingand naming conventions areconsistent with those on theLegible London printed walkingmaps and other elements othe system, so that they linkup and work together as acoherent whole.

Planner mapThe planner or 15-minutemap is used to orientatethe user and show how closethe villages are to each other.It provides the user with theinormation needed to linkareas o London and thecondence to attemptlonger-distance walking

journeys.

or walkers most appropriate and practical solution.It does away or the need to use many,many ngerposts and in this contextcan alert the user to over 400destinations. Te Legible L ondon

act as both area identiers and routesupports, helping people to build theirpersonal mental maps.

Avery Row

Lancashire Court

Prototype in the West EndHeads up mapping helps people

i


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48

to orientate themselves

Mapping to allow people to betterunderstand walks and where thingsare is central to the scheme. Maps,rmly xed on signs are alreadyorientated with respect to theenvironment and direction theuser is acing.

Intuitive understandingWhen used in situ,heads-up maps oera remarkably simpleway o bridging the gap

between the view aheadand its cartographicrepresentation.


49

challenge has been to develop a rangeo components that can be quickly andseamlesslyintegrated intoLondons

ootway. Te innovative design othe signs bases ensures minimumdisruptionduring installation

they eature a system design that al lowsthem to be easily maintained andupdated Longevity ormandunction

Prototype in the West EndProduct innovation ttingth d t t th l

Developing designs that complementtheir urban context is essential.Te system needs to create a balance

to work in contemporary andhistorically sensitive architecturalsettings


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50 51

seamlessly integrated into London sstreets. Hence the ultra-slim minilith,which can deliver much moreinormation than a traditional ngerpost sign, but impedes ar less o the

disruption during installation.Tough prototypes, the proposed

signs have been designed and built tolast. Manuactured to impeccablestandards rom high-quality materials,

updated. Longevity, orm and unctionwill help the signs become a amiliarpart o the streetscape.

Flexible systemThe sign orm presents theopportunity or elements othe cladding to be modiedor local distinctiveness.Individual inormationelements are interchangeableand updatable. The mappanels have also beendesigned so that they canbe either vitreous enamelor print behind glass.

Homing beaconA modular approachhas been employed tomaintain fexibility in use.The yellow nial helpsease o recognition andthe design ensures ngersare sturdy and can notwbe rotated.

Attention to detailThough minimalist in ormattention has been paidto every detail. The northindicator is adjustableto suit location, but along

with the base platesand other cladding parts,is secretly xed in place.

the product to the place Te system needs to create a balancebetween tting into the streetscape andhaving enough presence to be useul the yellow beacon always visible in thedistance. It also has to be fexible enough

settings.Te primary unction o any sign

system is to deliver inormation in themost legible and accessible way to thegreatest number o people. Te

Robust materialsVitreous enamel panelsand shot peened stainlesssteel have been used tomake sure the signs aredurable and easy to clean.Coated materials havebeen avoided because ogradual deterioration andthe need or annualrecoating.

SustainabilitySolar powered accentlighting is being developedto reinorce recognitionat night. The need or mainspower has been avoidedbut the signs have been

constructed to allow orany uture need o poweror data required or theintegration o othertechnologies.

Vitreousenamelgraphicpanel

Optionalvitreousor glassand digitalgraphicalmap panel

Acryliclightinglens

Vitreousenamelbeaconpanel

Aluminiumpowdercoatedside trim

Stainless steelbase plateswith adjustablenorth indiactor

Peenedstainless steelside channels

Legible London is ar rom just a newsign system or the West End. It is thecontinuationo thepulling together

o detail to provide glue and choiceo how to get around.

Teschemecould eventually

Prototype in the West EndContinuity o inormation aboveandbelow the streets


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52

continuation o the pulling togethero travel inormation, exempliedby Londons Bus and ube networksworking closely together. LegibleLondon adds in a vital wa lkers level

Te scheme could eventuallyconnect pre-planning, inormationon-the-go (increasingly delivered withhand-held devices) and connect thisto signs in the street.

Signs on street cornersprovide amiliarreassurance, thepossibility to plan analternative, and helpbuild knowledge

Bus shelters link busroutes with walkingchoices

Arrival signs on thestreet establishesorientation in a widercontext and setswalkers o in theright direction

Printed walkingmaps give usersportable inormationin the pocket

Mobile devices cansituate a user in thestreet, providing a

wider context andsearch capabilities

Arrival inormationundergroundprovides initialorientation and

journey planning

The language used onunderground exit signsrelates to that oundabove ground

Predictability isrequired tomaintain andimprove a verystrong addressingsystem


and below the streets

Prototype in the West EndFitness or purpose

In preparing o a clear picture othe city, a set o ormats emerge thatbeapplied to a rangeo situations.

are connected by the consistent namingo places and the visual representationo content. Tis speeds up thereading

inhabit on signs, in-print, spokenor on-screen. Evident below are thedierentvisualinterpretationsothe


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55

be applied to a range o situations.Te visual appearance o these ormats,outlined below, is dened by thequestions they answer along a journey,and the constraints o the media they

o content. Tis speeds up the readingand understanding o inormationacross dierent types o media, itprovides a common linking thread thatsupports the way people learn.

dierent visual interpretations o thesame geographic location.

Te result o the denition o theseormats is a coherent array o maps,signs, indexes, lists and diagrams that

London travelinormation

02072221234

i ll ,r l i ,i l i ,

r li i ,r li

Listento LondonTo hear aboutwhere you arecall:

Location 220

08702406094

Above: Directionalinormation, maps orUnderground stations, bus

stops and shelters all makeuse o coherent terminologyand destinations.Right: Additional connectionsor mobile phone users.Far right: Use o an indexand printed maps.

Above: Scales representedon signs in the street,diagrams o villages, shoppingmaps and Tube exit signs.Let: Walking connectionsin short-hand.Right: Future availabilityon mobile devices and onlineis possible.

ExitMARYLEBONE, St Christopher, MAYFAIR, South Molton

For Oxford Street, New Bond Street1 2&

Exit MAYFAIR, South Molton, GrosvenorFor South Molton Street, Grosvenor Square3 4 5&


30/34



57

VillagesThe village names are(typographically) the mostprominent visual element.Most maps o this kind show

two villages.

Integrated transportBus shelters, Tube stationsand taxi ranks are clearly andcomprehensively marked.

North markerA prerequisite or heads-upmapping is an easily ound northmarker; these are ound on allmaps and the bases o signs.

O-map destinationsNearby prominent locationsare signed; generally, theseare only a ew minutes away.

3D buildingsIllustrations o key buildingsare included; these providea clear sense o scale andstrengthen the heads-upnature o the mapping.

NeighbourhoodsContained within the villages,neighbourhoods are distinctclusters o a certain characteror shared history.

Building numbersThese are subtly shown orthe benet o users searchingor a particular address.

ScaleThe scale o Legible Londonis measured in time, whichresearch shows is used moreoten or walking.

Named placesBuildings included on the mapunction both as landmarks anddestinations. The importanceplaced on memorablelandmarks by pedestrians

justies their prominence.

Relevant buildings

With many viable places tohighlight, those shown arederived rom a comprehensiveaudit and selection criteria.

Active rontageIndication o clusters obuildings with street-levelaccess or the public; in theWest End, invariably shops.

Station entrances/exits

Dashed lines leading to whiteroundels signiy underground/interior subways or the Tube.

So here it isThe prototype on the ground

On 27 November 2007, the LegibleLondon prototype or the West Endnally went live. Signs were erected

to put into practice months o ideas,theories and research, to gauge publicreaction and evaluate the system.


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59

in the streets, walki ng maps were madeavailable, phone inormation pointswere switched on, a website waslaunched. Here at last, was a chance

Hopeully too, it helped v isitors havea more positive experience o the area,to enjoy its attractions without therustration o getting lost along the way.


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61

LegibilityThe degree to which a seto elements convey useulinormation. The traditionaluse o the word legibilityis used to describe howdecipherable a set ocharacters are in t ypography.

When reerring to the legibilityo a city, it is used to describethe degree to which the urbanenvironment is shaped in orderto acilitate wayfnding.

WayfndingUsing spatial andenvironmental cues to moverom one place to another, andtools designed to help decisionmaking beore and during the

journey. Wayfnding is brokeninto two distinct phases planning and navigating.

Planning(as part o wayfnding)The act o analysing a journeybeore setting o. The analysis

should help the traveller makethe journey more efciently.

Navigating(as part o wayfnding)The act o fnding your wayin the urban environment.This includes the use owayfnding tools, landmarks,routes and nodes.

Glossary Mapeg A-ZA document (either printedor on screen) representingthe layout o an area. In thisbook, the term map is usedto defne any document whichrepresents the geography o

an area with accuracy.

Diagram(diagrammatic map)eg the Tube mapA representation o anarea which omits certaindetails in order to clariythe overall understandingo the inormation involved.Omissions may includegeographic accuracy or fnerlevels o detail.

Homing beaconA permanent post in theground which points towardsa landmark. It may also containother inormation such as thedistance to the landmark.

MinilithA fxed, narrow sign containingwayfnding inormation.

MonolithA wide, fxed sign containingwayfnding inormation. Similarto a minilith but containingmore inormation and usuallylocated in areas with dwellspace.

MegalithA very wide, fxed signcontaining wayfndinginormation. Similar to amonolith and a minilith.Usually contains moreplanning inormation. Otensituated at major arrival points

such as national rail stations.

Villageeg MaryleboneAn area o historical geographicunity, oten derived rommodes o use and usually nomore than 1km square. A villageis usually made up o two ormore neighbourhoods

Neighbourhoodeg ChinatownA small geographic area,usually defned by mode o use.Neighbourhoods are groupedinto villages.

Nodeeg St Giles CircusThe intersection o twoor more routes or paths.

PathA defned and recognisedconnection between nodes.

Routeeg Jubilee WalkA type o path supported withwayfnding tools.

How was it or you? We value your

opinion and would

like to know what

you think about

the Legible London

prototype or the

West End.

Did you fnd it useul?

Did it help you fnd your

way around?

Was it easy to use?

How could we make

it better?

Please visit

www.legiblelondon.ino

to leave your comments

or suggestions or

improvements.


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63

Reerencespage 71. Oxord Street, RegentStreet, Bond Street: An ActionPlan or the Retail Streets

page 81.Transport 2025 Transport

Vision or a Growing WorldCity. TL Executive Summary2. DMAG Demography Update,September 2007

page 10, 111. TL Study2. Sources: Davison & Grant1993, US Dept o Health 1996,British Heart Foundation 2000

page 12, 131. 2001 LATS Survey, TL2. TL Study3. Legible London AWayfnding Study, AIG 2006

page 151. www.legiblelondon.inoonline poll

page 16, 17

1. Legible London InitialBusiness Case by ColinBuchanan, 20072. TL Study

page 191. www.legiblelondon.inoonline poll

page 221. Legible London LeicesterSquare Navigation Study,AIG/LSE, March 2005

all-purpose RoadsMinistry o Transport, 1964Interchange Plan: Improvinginterchange in LondonTL, August 2002Islington BoroughSpending Plan, 2006Knowledge Point

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34/34

Legible London

Yellow Book64

Further inormation

Website

www.legiblelondon.ino

Adrian Bell

Sustainable Mobility Manager

Transport or London

[email protected]

Tim Fendley

Creative Director

Applied Inormation Group

[email protected]

Contact 020 7017 8488

Credits

Legible London study and

system architecture devised

by Applied Inormation Group

in association with

Lacock Gullam.

West End prototype realised

by AIG and Lacock Gullam,with seymourpowell and

consultancy review by

Placemarque.

All copyrights in Legible

London are managed and

controlled by Transport

or London or use in and

promotion o the Greater

London area.

Mapping designed by AIG

with cartography by Oxord

Cartographers using Ordnance

Survey source data. Ordnance

Survey data are Crown

Copyright.

Signs manuactured by

Woodhouse and installed

by West One.

Yellow Book

Colophon

Written by Jim Davies.

Additional material by

Jennier Calvert, Adrian Bell,

Ben Plowden, Kasper de Graa,

Sam Gullam, Nick Durrant,

Tim Fendley and Ben Acornley.Designed and produced

by Applied Inormation Group.

Photography Simon Hillier,

Front cover by Ian Nolan.

Printed by TPS on Howard

Smith Regency, FSC, and

Robert Horne Kaskad paper.

jim yellow book

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