jimmy armoogum, ifsttar, dest – trb 2012 harmonization of european surveys jimmy armoogum,...

Jimmy Armoogum, Ifsttar, Dest – TRB 2012

Harmonization of European Surveys

Jimmy Armoogum, Ifsttar, DestCOST Action TU 0804Survey Harmonization with New Technologies Improvement (SHANTI)

TRB 2012 session n°483 National Travel Surveys in Transition: International Perspective Jan 24 2012 8:00AM- 9:45AM


Contents

National Travel Surveys (NTS) in Europe

An important issue: Periodicity

Periodicity

Updating the description of NTS

Objectives

Definitions

Sampling

Households or Individuals

Daily or Long distance mobility

Survey design

A growing interest from local authorities

Toward an European Travel Surveys?

Conclusions


Travel Surveys

At local level: exist all over the world at (urban or regional)

At national level: mainly in Europe• In Europe: The Netherlands, Great Britain, Germany,

Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Italy, Spain, France, Norway, Belgium, Switzerland

• No NTS since mid-90‘s: Austria, Luxembourg (but planned in a near future)

• Out of Europe: USA, New Zealand and South Africa

Let us focus on Nationwide surveys mainly about daily mobility


Objectives

Most of the time to analyze mobility behaviors:

•Travel description is the main one

•Long term trends is important for subsequent surveys

e.g. Finland since 1985, but Spain only since 2006/07

•Planning and sustainable mobility is secondary

e.g. Denmark since 2006, Finland since 1998, not yet in Spain, The

Netherlands, Sweden

•Modeling is important in Spain and Sweden, in Finland since 1998

and Denmark Since 2006


Trip-based or Activity-based

- Generally Trip-based

- Activity-based: Belgium, The Netherlands

Only Denmark switched from activity to trip-based

Stages described: France before 1990

only a list of modes used: Germany (MiD), USA, in France after 1990


Sampling

Sample drawn from: •Population Register: Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Spain,

Germany, Sweden •Census: France, Switzerland •List of Phone numbers: USA (inc. mobile phones in 2008/9)

Stratification according to geographic criteria,

+ type of household: Spain, Belgium

+ car ownership: France


Households or Individuals

Statistical Unit (selection): •Individual: Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Italy•Household: Belgium, The Netherlands, Germany (MOP), France, Spain, Great Britain, Switzerland and USA

All members of the household are interviewed: Belgium, Great Britain, The Netherlands, Germany, USA, Spain in 2000/01 not in 2006/07

Age limits: •None : Spain, The Netherlands, Germany (MiD)•Generally >= 6 years except in Denmark (>=10)•Proxy often permitted <15


Daily or Long distance mobility

A longer time period is necessary for long distance• Generally 1 month, except 3 months (France, Germany

(MiD)) and Belgium (12 months)• No specific questionnaire in The Netherlands,• only in 2001/02 for USA

Definition: • Generally trips >100km (80 km craw-flight)• Journey with an overnight stay: Denmark, Germany (MiD),

Switzerland, Spain


Survey design

•All Computer Assisted since 1998

•Almost everywhere CATI surveys•+ web (sub-sample): Denmark, Germany (MiD), The Netherlands•Face-to face: France (CAPI in 2007/8), Spain (daily mobility), Belgium

(sub-sample)• Mailback: Finland till 1992, Germany (5% of MiD in 2008), Great

Britain (1 week diary)

Geocoding: •a posteriori, except Denmark and USA•Computer Assisted : France 2007/8, Sweden 2005•Large scale GPS experiment: France 2007/8


Country Continuous survey Survey dates

The Netherlands since 1978Great Britain from 1989 1985/6, 1978/9, 1975/76, 1972/3, 1965/6German Mobility Panel

since 1994

Denmark1992-2003 and since 2006 1986, 1981, 1975

Sweden

1994-2001, start again in 2010

2005; 2003 (communication survey); 1985, 1978

Finland No 2004/5, 1998/9, 1992, 1986, 1980, 1974

Italy No 2004/5, 1995Spain No 2006, 2000 France No 2007/08, 1993/94, 1981/82, 1973/74, 1966/67Germany 2008, 2002, 1989, 1982, 1976USA No 2008/9, 2001/2, 1995, 1990, 1983, 1977, 1969Norway No 2009, 2005, 2001, 1998, 1992, 1985Belgium No 2009, 1999 Switzerland No 2010, 2005, 2000, 1994, 1989, 1979, 1974

Periodicity


An important issue: Periodicity

One-off surveys are subject to unpredictable events e.g. strike, bad weather conditions

They don't allow to make a clear distinction between: – long term trends– economic fluctuations

e.g. peak of fuel price in mid-2008, recession in 2008/09

But it is difficult to avoid a decline in response rate and of survey quality specially for continuous survey


A growing interest from local authorities

• permanent involvement of Transport Ministries• with growing support from Research Institutes• but less interest from the National Bureau of Statistics

An increasing demand for local add-ons: • USA 2008/9: 5/6 of the sample• representative at regional level in the Netherlands since late 90's• France: 5% in 1993/94, 43% in 2007/08• about half of the sample in Belgium and Germany (MiD), • New Panel Surveys (MOP) for Frankfort, Manheim and Stuttgart


How comparable are they?

Several European Countries have established a long tradition in household travel surveys.

But :– Often influenced by cultural, geographic and

administrative backgrounds of the country. – Often, these surveys have proven useful within the

borders of each country,

While on the other hand, there are comparability problems over the national borders due to differences in methodology, definitions and contents


Toward an European Travel Surveys?

Eurostat is faced with a demand for harmonized travel data

Eurostat wishes to run a pan-European travel survey on mobility (about 2014) and on a longer term: wishes to run a mandatory collection based on legislation.

But how to run a pan-European travel survey that satisfy all countries (including those having a long tradition of national travel surveys)?


Opportunities with new technologies

Mobile communication technologies including GPS (GALILEO), GSM and Radio Data System (RDS) demonstrate great potential as survey instruments for tracking

individual travel behaviour as well as freight movement provide more accurate data on the spatial and temporal

framework of travel, with a relative low burden for interviewees. allow surveying during longer period prices are decreasing

We are at a turning point to propose guidelines towards an European harmonised travel surveys

jimmy armoogum, ifsttar, dest – trb 2012 harmonization of european surveys jimmy armoogum,...

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