job-exposure matrix (jem) for occupational exposure to
TRANSCRIPT
The 4th Asian Asbestos Initiative International Seminar, 2011
Job Exposure Matrix (JEM) for Job-Exposure Matrix (JEM) for
Occupational Exposure to AsbestosOccupational Exposure to Asbestos
November 16th, 2011
Choi, Sangjun (崔相俊) Ph.D.gj ( )
Department of Occupational HealthCatholic University of Daegu, Koreay g
Job-Exposure MatrixA job-exposure matrix may be defined as a cross-classification between a list of job titles and a list of agents to which persons carrying out the jobs may be exposed.
Hazardous AgentsAgents
• P : the prevalence of exposure(%)• L : the average level of exposure among
the exposed(in concentration units)
Periods
J b Job (Occupation / Industry / Task)
Types of JEM
• Industry-specific JEM (ISJEM) : cross-classifies
exposures only for a limited group of occupations
and tasks within one certain industry, and oftenand tasks within one certain industry, and often
includes more-detailed definitions on the exposure
axis.
• General population JEM (GPJEM) : all possible
occupations that can occur in a population areoccupat o s t at ca occu a popu at o a e
represented and standard or national classifications
are often adopted.
Types of JEM
• Industry-specific JEM (ISJEM) : cross-classify
exposures only for a limited group of occupations
and tasks within one certain industry, and oftenand tasks within one certain industry, and often
include more-detailed definitions on the exposure
axis.
• General population JEM (GPJEM) : all possible
occupations that can occur in a population areoccupat o s t at ca occu a popu at o a e
represented and standard or national classifications
are often adopted.
Approach for the Construction of JEM
1. Case-based JEM : Analysis of data which are
collected from death certificate, compensation of
occupational diseases the cases reported fromoccupational diseases, the cases reported from
surveillance system and so on.
2 Exposure-based JEM : Analysis of exposure2. Exposure-based JEM : Analysis of exposure
assessment data which are collected from literature,
epidemiological survey, national exposure database
and so onand so on.
Various JEM or Exposure DatabaseCountry Database Period• EU CAREX 1990~1993• EU CAREX 1990~1993• USA NOES 1981~1983• Finland FINJEM 1945~present• France COLCHIC 1987~presentp• Germany MEGA 1962~present• Netherlands WAUNC 1993• Netherlands WAUNC 1993• UK NEDB 1987~present• Denmark ATABAS
Ref. VIOSH Australia at the University of Ballarat. International review of surveillance and control of workplace exposures : NOHSAC Technical Report5: Wellington, 2006
CAREX(Carcinogen Exposure)
• CAREX database was constructed with support from the Europe Against Cancer program of the European Union (EU), and is well known for the i t ti l i f ti t ti l t iinternational information system on occupational exposure to carcinogens.
• This database provides selected exposure data and documented estimates of the number of exposed workers by country, carcinogen, and industry.
Industry Specific Estimates – Asbestos (EU, 1999)
98922
573902
Personal and household services
Construction
70041
81000
84664
Wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels
Agriculture and hunting
Other Mining
33346
38858
44700
70041
Manufacture of industrial chemicals
Land transport
Food manufacturing
Wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels
Branch of Industry ; 41
22990
25000
33346
Electricity, gas and steam
Fishing
Manufacture of industrial chemicals Branch of Industry ; 41
17287
18981
20736
Manufacture of transport equipment
Manufacture of other chemical products
Water transport
9332
12497
15818
Petroleum refineries
Manufacture of machinery except electrical
Sanitary and similar services
7736Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except
Estimated Numbers of Employees Potentially Exposed to Asbestos by Industry (US, 1981-1983)
14,732
20,945
72,315
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS
SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
8 309
8,684
11,911
12,110
13,561
WHOLESALE TRADE DURABLE GOODS
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
AUTO REPAIR, SERVICES, AND GARAGES
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
NOES (1981-83)Branch of Industry ; 287,153
7,277
8,002
8,299
8,309
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS & SERVICE STATIONS
ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
TRANSPORTATION BY AIR
WHOLESALE TRADE - DURABLE GOODS
2,025
2,546
2,724
5,085
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
WHOLESALE TRADE - NONDURABLE GOODS
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
1,047
1,182
1,375
1,380
1,581
TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
HEALTH SERVICES
MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
428
500
819
903
1,047
RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
101
115
157
COMMUNICATION
BUSINESS SERVICES
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Estimated Numbers of Employees Potentially Exposed to Asbestos by Occupation (US, 1981-1983)
15,284
17,442
30,747
CONSTRUCTION LABORERS
AUTOMOBILE MECHANICS
ROOFERS
10,197
12,981
14,246
15,284
JANITORS AND CLEANERS
ASSEMBLERS
MACHINE OPERATORS, NOT SPECIFIED
CONSTRUCTION LABORERS
NOES (1981-83)No. of Jobs ; 86
6 818
8,712
9,447
9,767
MACHINISTS
NOT SPECIFIED MECHANICS AND REPAIRERS
PLUMBERS, PIPEFITTERS, AND STEAMFITTERS
CARPENTERS
4,624
5,151
6,658
6,818
FURNACE, KILN, AND OVEN OPERATORS, EXC. FOOD
GLAZIERS
MISCELLANEOUS MACHINE OPERATORS, N.E.C.
MACHINISTS
3 576
3,893
4,146
4,586
ELECTRICIANS
ELECTRICAL POWER INSTALLERS AND REPAIRERS
SHEET METAL WORKERS
WELDERS AND CUTTERS
3,100
3,176
3,199
3,576
AIRCRAFT ENGINE MECHANICS
TRUCK DRIVERS, LIGHT
HEATING, AIR CONDITIONING, AND …
ELECTRICIANS
2,463
2,612
BUS, TRUCK, AND STATIONARY ENGINE MECHANICS
CONSTRUCTION TRADES, N.E.C.
Germany ; Database on hazardous substance (GESTIS)(http://www dguv de/ifa/en/gestis/stoffdb/index jsp)(http://www.dguv.de/ifa/en/gestis/stoffdb/index.jsp)
Germany ; Exposure database (MEGA)
Data pool at the end of 2009• Number of data records: 2.198 million • Number of analysed substances: 809 hazardous chemicals
482 bi l i l ki 482 biological working agents• Number of companies: c 54 000
697 sectors 4,432 industrial workplaces , p
28,522 combinations of sectors and workplaces
France ; Occupational exposure to chemical agents database (COLCHIC)
• Set up in 1987, COLCHIC is a database for occupational exposure to
chemical agents.
Ei h F h i l h l h i f d (C i Ré i l d'A• Eight French regional health insurance fund (Caisse Régionale d'Assurance
Maladie- CRAM) interregional laboratories and the French national research
and safety institute (Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité-INRS)and safety institute (Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité-INRS)
laboratories have stored results and information from chemical agent
exposure measurements on this database.p
• Approximately 600 000 exposure measurements, involving over 600
chemicals agents, have been recorded on COLCHIC since its creation.
D l f KO JEM Development of KOREAN-JEM
for Asbestos
Korean Standard Classification of Occupation(KSCO, 6th revision ;2007)(KSCO, 6 revision ;2007)
Code Major Sub-major Minor Unit Sub-unit
1 Managers 5 15 24 77
2 Professionals and Related Workers 8 41 153 445
3 Clerks 4 9 26 57
4 Service Workers 4 10 33 73
5 Sales Workers 3 4 13 38
6 Skilled Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Workers 3 5 12 29Fishery Workers
7 Craft and Related Trades Workers 9 20 73 201
8 Equipment, Machine Operating and 9 31 65 2358Assembling Workers
9 31 65 235
9 Elementary Workers 6 12 24 48
A A d F 1 2 3 3A Armed Forces 1 2 3 3
10 52 149 426 1,206
Comparison between KSCO-07 and ISCO-08
KSCO-2007 ISCO-08
Code Major group name Code Major group nameCode Major group name Code Major group name
1 Managers 1 Managers
2 Professionals2 Professionals and related Workers
3 Technicians and associate professionals
3 Clerks 4 Clerical support workerspp
4 Service workers5 Service and sales workers
5 Sales workers5 Sales workers
6 Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers 6 Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery
workers
7 Craft and related trades workers 7 Craft and related trades workers7 Craft and related trades workers 7 Craft and related trades workers
8 Equipment, machine operating and assembling workers 8 Plant and machine operators, and assemblers
9 El k 9 El i9 Elementary workers 9 Elementary occupations
A Armed Forces 0 Armed Forces
Minor 772. Construction related technical worker
Major Sub-major Minor Unit Sub-unit7 Craft
d 77 Construction
d Mi i 772 Construction
R l d 7721 Concrete Reinforcing
I W k77210 Concrete Reinforcing Iron Workers
and Related Trades Workers
and Mining Related Trade Occupations
Related Technical Worker
Iron Workers7722 Concrete Placers 77221 Terrazzo Workers
77222 Concrete Panel Assemblers77223 Concrete Placers
7723 Construction Stonemason
77230 Construction Stonemason
7724 Construction Carpenters
77241 Traditional Building Builders77242 Exterior Carpenters77243 Frame Mold Carpenters77244 Interior Carpenters
7725 Bricklayers and Stonelayers
77251 Bricklayers77252Stonelayers 77252 Pavement Stone Pavers77253 Stonelayers77259 Bricklayers and Stonelayers n.e.c.
7729 Other Construction 77291 Scaffolders7729 Other Construction Related Technical Workers
77291 Scaffolders77292 Partition Installers77293 Building Demolition Workers77299 Construction Related Technical
Workers n.e.c.
176
Available Data and Characteristics
Resources Industry Occupation Exposure levely p p
• Literature (published or unpublished) ○ △ ○
• Workplace monitoring data △ X ○
• Special health examination △ X X
• Health management record ○ △ X
• Occupational compensation ○ △ XOccupational compensation ○ △ X
• Surveillance △ △ X
Occupational Characteristics of Cases of Compensation with Asbestos-related Diseases in Korea
• Asbestos related occupational compensation (2005-2009)
Year Lung cancer Mesothelioma Others* Total
2005 10 2 1 13
2006 3 5 2 10
2007 10 6 5 21
2008 10 8 3 21
2009 6 11 14 31
Total 39 32 25 96
* Others ; asbestosis, pneumoconiosis, pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis
Asbestos-Related Compensation Cases by Major Industries
Machinery Equipment Fitters and MechanicsProduction Related Elementary Workers
Not classifiableCement and Lime Production Related Machine Operators
Ore and Metal Furnace OperatorsTransport Related Elementary Occupations
Ship Engineers and ResearchersAutomobile Mechanics
Construction Structure Related WorkersMachinery Equipment Fitters and Mechanics
C t ti P i tConstruction Related Technical Worke
Elementary Workers in ConstructionForge Hammersmiths and Forging Press Workers
Metal Coremakers Related Trade OccupationsOre and Metal Furnace Operators
Ship Engineers and ResearchersWater Treatment Plumbers
Automatic Fabric Cutting Machine Operators City Bus Drivers
Construction Painters n.e.c
Mechanical Engineering TechniciansMiners
Partition InstallersQuality Management Clerks
Railway Transport Clerks
b t i
Electrical, Electronic Parts and Products Production Equipment …Elementary Workers in Mining
Land Transport ManagersLathe Machine Operators
Manufacturing Related Machine Operators n.e.c. asbestosis
lung cancer
mesothelioma
Construction Related ManagersDie and Mold MakersElectric Train Drivers
Electric WeldersElectrical Engineers and Researchers n.e.c.
, q p mesothelioma
Others
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Automobile AssemblersAutomobile Engineers and Researchers
Construction Related Managers
Cross Table between Industries and Occupations
IndustryOccupation
Construction MiningFinancial & insurance
i i i
Undifferenti-ated activities
Transpor-tation
Manufac-turing
TotalOccupation
activitiesated activities tation turing
Craft and related trades workers
8 1 2 5 15 31
Elementary workers 2 1 2 9 14
Clerks 1 1 2
Managers 1 1 2
Equipment, machine operating d bli k
4 25 29and assembling workers
4 25 29
Professionals and related workers
1 7 8
Not classifiable 5 1 4 10
Total 15 1 1 3 15 61 96
KOJEM for Asbestos with Quantitative Exposure Assessment Data – 1 Literature ; 1984~1996 (1)Assessment Data – 1. Literature ; 1984 1996 (1)
Arithmetic mean, f/cc
Industry (KSIC, 2007) 1980s 1990s Total
Building of Steel Ships 0.02 0.02 Manufacture of Stone Products for Construction 0.39 0.23 0.37
Manufacture of Other Parts and 1 70 0 44 0 65a u actu e o Ot e a ts a dAccessories for Motor Vehicles 1.70 0.44 0.65
Other Maintenance and Repair Services of General Machinery 0.22 0.22 of General MachineryManufacture of Asbestos, Mineral Wools and Other Similar Products 2.65 1.73 2.55 Repair Services of Motor Vehicles 0 89 0 2 0 8Repair Services of Motor Vehicles Specializing in Parts 0.89 0.27 0.87
Cast of Iron and Steel 1.44 1.44
Total 1.56 0.86 1.48
KOJEM for Asbestos with Quantitative Exposure Assessment Data – 1 Literature ; 1984~1996 (2)Assessment Data 1. Literature ; 1984 1996 (2)
Arithmetic mean, f/cc
Occupations (KSCO, 2007) 1980s 1990s TotalMineral Ore and Stone Products Processing Machine Operators 0.39 0.23 0.37 Processing Machine OperatorsAutomobile Parts Assemblers 1.70 0.44 0.65
Ship Mechanics 0.22 0.22
Ship Assemblers 0.02 0.02
Automobile Mechanics 0.89 0.27 0.87
M t l C ti M hi O t 1 44 1 44Metal Casting Machine Operators 1.44 1.44 Knitting and Weaving Machine Operators 2.65 1.73 2.55 OperatorsTotal 1.56 0.86 1.48
KOJEM for Asbestos with Quantitative Exposure Assessment Data –II. SNU DB ; 1995~2006 (1)
1990s 2000s TotalOccupation
1990s 2000s TotalN AM, f/cc N AM, f/cc N AM, f/cc
Wood and Paper Related Machine Operators n.e.c. 16 3.544 0 16 3.544 Weaving Machine Operators 54 1.801 10 0.014 64 1.522 Plastic Products Production Machine Operators n e c 30 2 077 21 0 009 51 1 226 Plastic Products Production Machine Operators n.e.c. 30 2.077 21 0.009 51 1.226 Brightener Production Machine Operators 55 0.807 25 0.009 80 0.557
Automobile Parts Assemblers n.e.c 508 0.349 643 0.037 1151 0.175 Knitting and Weaving Machine Operators 34 0.164 6 0.005 40 0.140 Ship Mechanics 5 0 006 108 0 138 113 0 132 Ship Mechanics 5 0.006 108 0.138 113 0.132 Aircraft Assemblers 11 0.095 0 11 0.095 Automobile Mechanics 43 0.099 14 0.010 57 0.077 Automobile Engine Assemblers 32 0.098 12 0.007 44 0.073
T til P i M hi O t 14 0 073 0 14 0 073 Textile Processing Machine Operators 14 0.073 0 14 0.073 Non-metal Products Related Production Machine Operators n.e.c. 53 0.091 75 0.054 128 0.069 Brick and Tile Moulding Machine Operators 7 0.059 0 7 0.059 Ship Assemblers 11 0.057 0 11 0.057 A l l M h A blAgricultural Machinery Assemblers 4 0.046 0 4 0.046 Construction Related Technical Worker 18 0.046 6 0.021 24 0.039
Railroad Train Mechanics 0 17 0.037 17 0.037 Rolling Mill Operators 28 0.045 14 0.009 42 0.033
Electrical, Electronic Parts and Products Assembler n.e.c. 8 0.028 0 8 0.028
Automobile Assemblers 22 0.058 55 0.010 77 0.023 Audio-Visual Equipment Assemblers 8 0.022 0 8 0.022
Pharmaceutical Products Production Machine Operators 0 0.000 5 0.016 5 0.016 pElectrical Equipment Assemblers 7 0.014 0 7 0.014
Rubber Products Production Machine Operators 34 0.015 30 0.008 64 0.012 Electronic Parts Production Equipment Operators 2 0.008 19 0.011 21 0.011
KOJEM for Asbestos with Quantitative Exposure Assessment Data –II. SNU DB ; 1995~2006 (2)
Occupation1990s 2000s Total
N AM, f/cc N AM, f/cc N AM, f/ccChemical Products Production Machine Operators n e c 2 0 015 12 0 008 14 0 009 Chemical Products Production Machine Operators n.e.c. 2 0.015 12 0.008 14 0.009 General Machinery Assemblers 4 0.015 6 0.005 10 0.009 Die and Mold Makers 6 0.008 1 0.010 7 0.009 O d M t l F O t 26 0 009 4 0 005 30 0 008 Ore and Metal Furnace Operators 26 0.009 4 0.005 30 0.008 Food Processing Related Machine Operating Occupations 9 0.008 0 9 0.008 Forge Hammer smiths and Forging Press Workers 0 2 0.008 2 0.008 Pl ti C t lti M hi O t 2 0 008 0 2 0 008 Plastic Catapulting Machine Operators 2 0.008 0 2 0.008 Pottery and Porcelain Products Production Machine Operators 0 14 0.006 14 0.006
Health Social Welfare and Religion Related Occupations 0 5 0 006 5 0 006 Health, Social Welfare and Religion Related Occupations 0 5 0.006 5 0.006 Telecommunication and Broadcast Transmission Equipment Technicians 11 0.006 1 0.005 12 0.005
Air compressor Operators 0 1 0.005 1 0.005 p p
Electrical Products Production Equipment Operators 12 0.005 0 12 0.005 Paper Processing Machine Operators 2 0.005 2 0.004 4 0.005 Not Classifiable 300 0 075 1156 0 024 1456 0 035 Not Classifiable 300 0.075 1156 0.024 1456 0.035 Total 1378 2264 3642
KOJEM for Asbestos with Quantitative Exposure Assessment Data –III. KOSHA DB ; 2005~2008 (1)
Occupation N AM, f/cc GradeTire and Rubber Products Production Machine Operators n.e.c. 9 0.9605 E1Knitting and Weaving Machine Operators 76 0.9302 E1Chemical Material Distiller and Reactor Operators 28 0 8355 E1Chemical Material Distiller and Reactor Operators 28 0.8355 E1Paper Processing Machine Operators 4 0.8080 E1Tire Production Machine Operators 96 0.7934 E1Die and Mold Makers 4 0.7534 E1Textile Processing Machine Operators 2 0.7394 E1Paper Box and Envelope Products Processing Machine Operators 11 0.6436 E1Chemical Material Grinding and Mixing Machine Operators 17 0.5192 E1Store Salespersons n.e.c. 576 0.4916 E1Environment and Marine Science Researchers 2 0.4705 E1Rubber Products Production Machine Operators 13 0.4684 E1Automobile Mechanics 87 0.4239 E1Construction Stonemason 6 0 3995 E1Construction Stonemason 6 0.3995 E1Machine Tool Operators 6 0.2914 E1Chemical Products Production Machine Operators n.e.c. 49 0.2886 E1Paper Products Processing Machine Operators n.e.c. 3 0.2761 E1Pl ti P d t P d ti M hi O t 15 0 2317 E1Plastic Products Production Machine Operators n.e.c. 15 0.2317 E1Metal Product Painting Machine Operators 2 0.2113 E1Electrical Products Production Equipment Operators 7 0.2031 E1Ship Assemblers 21 0.1342 E1Plating and Metal Spraying Machine Operators n.e.c. 1 0.1171 E1Sanitary Paper Products Processing Machine Operators 16 0.1156 E1Industry Machinery Assemblers 4 0.1133 E1
KOJEM for Asbestos with Quantitative Exposure Assessment Data –III. KOSHA DB ; 2005~2008 (2)
Occupation N AM, f/cc Grade
Electrical Equipment Assemblers 17 0.0718 E2
Automobile Parts Assemblers n.e.c 165 0.0670 E2
Water Treatment Plant Operators 5 0.0660 E2
Architects and Construction Engineers 2 0 0400 E2Architects and Construction Engineers 2 0.0400 E2
Metal Processing Machine Operators n.e.c. 8 0.0343 E2
Metal Heat Treatment Furnace Operators 10 0.0337 E2
Cement and Lime Production Related Machine Operators 6 0.0330 E2
Textile and Leather Related Workers 3 0.0258 E2
Aircompressor Operators 14 0.0252 E2
Scaffolders 193 0.0210 E2
Brightener Production Machine Operators 18 0.0186 E2g p
Side Dish Makers 6 0.0130 E2
Fertilizer Production Machine Operators 1 0.0116 E2
Construction Related Technical Worker 152 0.0101 E2
KOJEM for Asbestos with Quantitative Exposure Assessment Data –III. KOSHA DB ; 2005~2008 (3)
Occupation N AM, f/cc GradeNonmetal Products Related Production Machine Operators n.e.c. 4 0.0090 E3Die and Mold Makers, Metal Casting Workers and Forge Hammer smiths 16 0.0061 E3Gl P d i d P i M hi O 3 0 0043 E3Glass Production and Processing Machine Operators n.e.c. 3 0.0043 E3Construction Work Engineers 92 0.0042 E3Power Generation and Distribution Equipment Operators 3 0.0040 E3Clay Products Production Machine Operators 12 0.0037 E3y pElectrical Engineers and Researchers 15 0.0036 E3Recycling Machine and Incinerator Operator n.e.c 252 0.0034 E3Electronic Parts Production Equipment Operators 12 0.0033 E3Recycling Machine and Incinerator Operators 76 0 0031 E3Recycling Machine and Incinerator Operators 76 0.0031 E3Building Demolition Workers 1114 0.0025 E3Automobile Engine Assemblers 4 0.0023 E3Railway Transport Clerks 21 0.0021 E3Electrical Control Instrument Fitters and Mechanics 2 0.0020 E3Cooling and Heating System Operators 4 0.0020 E3Administration and Business Support Managers n.e.c. 4 0.0015 E3Transport Equipment Mechanics n e c 63 0 0012 E3Transport Equipment Mechanics n.e.c. 63 0.0012 E3Forge Hammer smiths and Forging Press Workers 16 0.0011 E3Concrete Placers 23 0.0010 E3Construction Painters 4 0.0010 E3Environment Related Managers 45 0.0010 E3Others 69 <0.001 E3Total 3509
Conclusion
• Occupations can be regarded as a proxy for exposurebto asbestos.
GP JEM id d l• GP-JEM may provide an easy and low-cost way toassess exposure based on occupation and industry titlelalone.
I d i i d GP JEM ll ki d f• In order to construct optimized GP-JEM, all kinds ofavailable data should be compiled at the national level
d ld l b li k d h h SOC ( d dand could also be linked through SOC (standardoccupation code).
Building an Asia-wide Exposure Database !!Building an Asia wide Exposure Database !!
Thank you for your attention!!E-mail ; [email protected]