job hazard analysis
DESCRIPTION
safety engineeringTRANSCRIPT
www.doas.georgia.gov/risk
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December 2011
Have you been SET-UP?A brief discussion on JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS (JHA)
Identify Hazards/Risks
Determine Control Plan
Implement Controls
Monitor/Supervise/Evaluate
JHA
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Objectives
Discuss the basic elements of job hazard analysis Identify typical hazards in the workplace Review various techniques that can be used to
identify hazards in the workplace
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Job Hazard Analysis
A job hazard analysis is a technique that focuses on job tasks as a way to identify hazards before they occur.
It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the tools, and the work environment.
After uncontrolled hazards are identified, Preventive action/controls are put in place to eliminate or reduce risk.
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Why conduct a job hazard analysis?A job hazard analysis can prevent work-related death, injuries or illnesses by eliminating or controlling identified hazards.
It is a means to ensure that workers have the training, equipment and supplies to do their jobs safely.
It will help you in developing your accident prevention program (APP), an L & I safety requirement for all employers.
Note: The general method can be used in other loss prevention efforts such as environmental pollution prevention or fire protection.
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Hazard Awareness - Accepting a risk or hazard is not the same as eliminating or controlling it.
When conducting a job hazard analysis, you may need to take a fresh look at the way things are done at your workplace.
Even though you may hear “we’ve been doing it that way for 20 years and nothing happened”, it doesn’t mean a hazard doesn’t exist.
You should take a comprehensive look at all possible hazards with an open mind.
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Job Hazard Analysis
Performing a job hazard analysis is one of the best methods to develop safe work procedures for the equipment that is operated.
The JHA can also be used to train employees in the hazards associated with task and what control measures should be practiced.
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JHA Team
A Job Hazard Analysis requires the cooperation of all parties involved that includes: Supervisors - Frontline Personnel responsible for
making change Employee - Person/Crew most familiar with job Safety Professional Engineers - Technical Advisor
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Prioritization of JHA Jobs with the highest injury and illness rates Jobs that have the potential to cause serious
injury Jobs in which one simple human error could
cause injury Jobs complex enough to have written instructions Jobs that are new to your facility Jobs that significantly had changes in process
technology or procedures
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How do I conduct a JHA?
• Identify the job or task to be analyzed.• Break the job or task into key components.• Identify the hazards found in each key component.• Identify ways to eliminate or control these hazards.• Eliminate the hazard or install controls.• Keep a record of the hazards identified and steps taken to eliminate or control them.• Periodically assess controls to ensure they are working correctly.
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Steps for JHA
Involve employees Review accident history Conduct preliminary job review List, rank, and set priorities for hazardous jobs Outline the steps or tasks
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Involvement of Employees
They have a unique understanding of the job; this knowledge is invaluable for finding hazards.
Involving employees will help minimize oversights and ensure a quality analysis.
Workers must be a part of the process; they are the ones that benefit directly.
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Outline the Steps
Watch the employee perform the job and list each step as the worker takes it.
Be sure to record enough information to describe each job action without getting overly detailed.
Avoid making the breakdown of steps so detailed that it becomes unnecessarily long or so broad that it does not include basic steps.
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Breaking job into key components – example changing a light bulb
Too Much Detail Too Little Detail Right Amount of Detail•Get ladder from storage.•Get new light bulb from storage.•Carry ladder and light bulb to light that needs changing.•Place ladder under light to be changed.•Ensure light switch is in the off position.•Climb ladder.•Remove light cover.•Twist light bulb in a counter clock-wise direction until it is free of the socket.•Remove old light bulb.•Insert new light bulb into socket.•Turn in a clock-wise direction until tightened.•Replace light cover.•Descend ladder.•Carry ladder back to storage.
•Get a ladder and new light bulb.
•Change bulb.
•Put ladder away and throw out old light bulb.
•Get ladder and new light bulb.
•Turn light switch off
•Place ladder under light to be changed.
•Using ladder, change bulb.
•Put ladder back in storage.
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Outline the Steps
Review the job steps with the employee to make sure you have not omitted anything.
Include the employee in all phases of the analysis—from reviewing the job steps and procedures to discussing uncontrolled hazards and recommended solutions.
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Identifying the Hazards
A job hazard analysis is an exercise in detective work. Your goal is to discover the following: What can go wrong? What are the consequences? How likely is it that the hazard will occur? How could it arise? What are other contributing factors?
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Common Hazards in the Workplace
Stressor Hazard Type
Hazard Type
Hazard Type
Chemical Corrosive Fire
Explosion
Toxic
Electrical Shock Short Circuit Fire-Static
Mechanical Moving Parts
Failure Noise
Pressure
Ergonomic Strain Human Error Fatigue
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Common Hazards in the Workplace
Stressor Hazard Type Hazard Type
Hazard
Type
Radiation Ionizing Non
Ionizing
Contact Struck By Struck Against
Caught In
Environment Temperature Visibility Weather
Miscellaneous Slips Trips Falls
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Hierarchy of Hazard Controls
1. Elimination of Hazard - Remove or reduce
2. Substitution of less hazardous material or reduce energy - lower speed, force, amperage, pressure, temperature, and noise.
3. Engineering Controls
4. Warnings
5. Administrative Controls & Procedures - Remove or reduce the exposure
6. Personal protective equipment (PPE) - Put up a barrier
INTERIM MEASURES
Should also be taken if the risk cannot be engineered or managed right away.
Handout p. 26
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Controlling the Hazards
The most effective controls are engineering controls that physically change a machine or work environment to prevent employee exposure to the hazard.
The more reliable or less likely a hazard control can be circumvented, the better.
If this is not feasible, administrative controls may be appropriate.
This may involve changing how employees do their jobs.
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Engineering Controls
Engineering controls include the following: Elimination/minimization of the hazard Substitution of equipment or process to decrease hazard Isolation of the hazard with interlocks, machine guards,
blast shields, or other means; and Removal or redirection of the hazard such as with local
and exhaust ventilation.
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Administrative Controls
Administrative controls include the following: Written operating procedures, work permits, and
safe work practices; Exposure time limitations (used most commonly
to control heat stress and ergonomic hazards); Monitoring the use of highly hazardous materials; Alarms, signs, and warnings; Buddy system; and Training
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PPE
Personal Protective Equipment is acceptable as a control method in the following circumstances: When engineering controls are not feasible or do not
totally eliminate the hazard; While engineering controls are being developed; When safe work practices do not provide sufficient
additional protection; and During emergencies when engineering controls may not be
feasible.
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JHA Exercise
We are going to change a tire.
Based on the steps, please identify the hazards and controls.
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Task Hazard Controls
Stabilize vehicle
Remove Hubcap/loosen nuts
Place jack and raise car
Remove nuts & wheel
Lift spare, mount, put on nuts, snug down nuts
Lower car & tighten, store flat and store equipment.
Job or task where injuries occur or can occur
How people get hurt What causes them to get hurt?
What safe practices or PPE are needed?
Job Hazard Analysis Example form
Date of analysis: _____________________ People who participated:
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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December 2011
- Change analysis- JHA- Workplace inspections- Hazard Reporting- Trend Analysis
Effective programs will result in the identification of potential and control of hazards.
Identify Hazards/Risks
Determine Control Plan
Implement Controls
Monitor/Supervise/Evaluate
JHA
Summary
Workplace Hazard Analysis consists of:
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Additional references on JHAs
Federal OSHA - Job Hazard Analysis: http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3071.html
Oregon OSHA – Conducting a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA):
http://www.cbs.state.or.us/osha/pdf/workshops/103w.pdf