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JODHPUR NATIONALUNIVERSITYDiploma in Dental Technology

(DT)

Entry Qualification: Std XII through science, arts or commerce

Duration: Two Year (Full Time) Four Semesters

Numbers of students: 30Dental Technology Course:

Dental technology is a study of Fabrication & Repair of Artificial Teeth and Dentures like Complete Dentures , Fixed and removable partial dentures, cast partial dentures, Crown and Bridges of Acrylic, Gold, White metal, Ceramics: Maxillofacial Prosthesis; Splints; Orthodontics appliances; Implant prosthesis etc.

The person who successfully completes this course is called as Dental Technologist.Dental technology is a self employed professional and a purely technical course developing

the skilled knowledge with more emphases on practical training. Dental technologist restricts his activities purely to technical & Mechanical Laboratory works at the instance of Dentist.The dental technology-training program is not at all associated with lives of any human being.

S.No Name Of The ContentFIRST SEMESTER

1 Dental Anatomy2 Dental Material (Paper 1)3 Applied Dental Physics4 Applied Dental Chemistry

SECOND SEMESTER1 Dental Prosthetic (CD) (Paper 2)2 Orthodontic ( Paper 1)3 Computer Application

THIRD SEMESTER1 Orthodontic (Paper 2)2 Dental Prosthetic (RPD) (Paper 2)3 Dental Material (Paper 2)

FOURTH SEMESTER1 Dental Prosthetic (FPD) (Paper 3)2 Dental Ceramic

Study Duration: 36 Hours / week Theory & Practical of 60 minutes each No. of Students 30 Fees per Semester as decided by the fee committee

Marks / Semester:Theory (Marks) Oral (Marks) Assessment

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Examination 50 20 30Practical 70 - 30

Criteria for Passing: 1. 50% marks required for passing each in theory & practical.2. At least 50% of subjects to be cleared in 1st & 3rd semester to be promoted to subsequent 2nd

& 4th semester3. However, all subjects need to be cleared in 2nd semester of 2nd or 1st semester to be promoted

to 3rd semester.4. Student passing all subjects of 3rd & 4th semester shall be declared pass.5. Student attaining 60% & above will be awarded 1st class.6. Student attaining 75% & above will be awarded Distinction.

Awards: Best outgoing student would be awarded the Chancellor’s Medal as per University norms.

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DENTAL ANATOMYSemester First

Detailed Contents :Chapter 1 General Introduction

Basics of Oral Structures Human Dentition Primary Mixed Permanent Functions of teeth Deciduous teeth Permanent teeth Tissues of teeth Enamel Dentin Cementum Pulp Recording system of permanent & Deciduous teeth Importance Quadrant Palmers or Zigmondys method Universal system FDI system (Recent) Dane or Hderip system

Chronology of Human Dentition Deciduous Dentition Permanent Dentition

Chapter 2: NomenclatureStructure of tooth

Crown Root

Surfaced of tooth Lablal Buccal Facial Lingual Palatal Proximal Surface- mesial and distal Incisal Occlusal

Division of Surfaces Important land marks

Incisal margin Cusp

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Cingulum Ridge Contact point/ Area Embrnssure Contour Pits and grooves Inclined Plane Fossa Fissures Cervical Margin

Crown and Root – Anatomical Versus Clinical Chapter 3: The Permanent Incisors

IntroductionFunctions of IncisorsEruption ageMaxillary Central Incisor

Introduction Crown

Labial surface with diagramPalatal surface with diagramMesial surface with diagramIncisal surface with diagram

Root with diagram Maxillary Lateral lncisor

Introduction Crown Labial surface with diagram Palatal surface with diagram Mesial surface with diagram Distal surface with diagram Incisal surface with diagram Root with diagram

Chapter 4: The permanent Canines Introduction Functions of canines Eruption age Maxillary Canines Introduction Crown Labial surface with diagram Palatal surface with diagram Mesial surface with diagram Distal surface with diagram Incisal surface with diagram Root with Diagram Mandibular canine Introduction Crown Labial surface with diagram

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Lingual surface with diagram Mesial surface with diagram Distal surface with diagram Incisal surface with diagram Root with Diagram Difference between Maxillary Canine & Mandibular Canine

Chapter 5: The Premolars Introduction Functions of premolar Eruption age Maxillary first premolar Introduction Crown Buccal surface with diagram Palatal surface with diagram Mesial surface with diagram Distal surface with diagram Occlusal surface with diagram Roots with diagram Maxillary Second Premolar Introduction Crown Buccal surface with diagram Palatal surface with diagram Mesial surface with diagram Distal surface with diagram Occlusal surface with diagram Roots with diagram Difference between Maxillary first premolar and Maxillary

second premolar Mandlbular first premolar Introduction Crown Buccal surface with diagram Palatal surface with diagram Mesial surface with diagram Distal surface with diagram Occlusal surface with diagram Roots with diagram Mandlbular second premolar Introduction Crown Buccal surface with diagram Palatal surface with diagram Mesial surface with diagram Distal surface with diagram Occlusal surface with diagram Roots with diagram Difference between Mandibular first premolar & Mandibular second premolar

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Chapter 6: The Permanent Molars Introduction Functions of Molar Eruption age Maxillary First Molar

Chapter 7: Identification of the teeth

Introduction Identification of all the permanent teeth Maxillary Central lncisor Maxillary lateral lncisor Maxillary central lncisor Maxillary Canine Mandibular Canine Maxillary first Premolar Maxillary second Premolar Maxillary first molar Maxillary second molar

Mandibular first molar Mandibular second molar

Maxillary third molar Mandibular third molar

Difference between Deciduous & permanent teeth Practical Learning basic skills of using paraffin wax block

Learning technique of holding carver & paraffin wax block Rectangular wax block of size 3*1*1 Cylindrical wax block Dum bell Carving of all the permagent teeth on paraffin wax blocks Study of identification of natural teeth

Reference Books:

AuthorTittles

S.L. Bhalajhi

Dental Anatomy

Ash Wheelers Dental Anatomy

Kumar Dental Anatomy & Tooth Morphology

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DENTAL MATERIAL Semester First

Detailed ContentsChapter Contents

1 Science of dental material2 Physical properties of dental material3 Gypsum & Gypsum products

Introduction Applications / uses Classification Manufacturing process Alpha and beta hemihydrates Setting reaction and setting time Theory of setting Water powder ratio

4 Dental Waxes Introduction Components of dental waxes Chemical nature of waxes General properties Classification Processing wax Boxing wax& beading wax Utility wax Sticky wax Impression wax Corrective impression wax Bite registration wax Pattern wax

Inlay casting waxBase plate wax

5 Denture Resins Introduction History of denture materials Classification of denture base

material Synthetic resins Introduction Classification of resins Uses of resin Types of resin Acrylic resins

Introduction Types

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Heat activated denture base

Practical:Exercise. 1 Mixing(spatuation) of dental plaster and water in a flexible rubber

bowl with curved spatulaExercise. 2. Mixing(spatuation) of dental stone and water in a flexible rubber

bowl with curved spatula Exercise 3. To prepare following items in Dental plaster

Rectangular block of size 6*3*3Pyramid

Exercise. 4. To prepare following items in dental stone:Rectangular block of size 4*2*2Pyramid

Exercise. 5. Study of identification and uses of all the dental materialsExercise. 6. Study of identification and uses of the objects made from various

Dental materials Reference Books:

Author TitleJohn.J.Manappallil Basic Dental

MaterialsS.Gauri Shankar Synopsis of

dental materialsV.K.Subarrao Notes on Dental

materialAnusavice Phillip,s Science

of Dental Material

Hussain Text book of dental material

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APPLIED DENTAL PHYSICSSemester First

Detailed Contents:Chapter Contents

1 Heat:IntroductionAnomalous behavior of waterHumidity and Dew pointUnit of HeatSpecific heat capacityConductionConvectionRadiationTemperature gradientThermometerExpansion of solid liquid & gasIdeal gas equation:Boyles lawGay lussacsChnries law

2 Fuel: Introduction Sources of fuel : Fossil Fuel Coal Petroleum Natural Gas

3 Strength: Definition Importance in Dental field Impact strength Tenslle strength Compressive strength Flexure strength and fatigue Stiffness of material Toughness Hardness

4 Stress, strain & Modulus of Elasticity : Definition of stress Type Description of each type Definition of strain Definition of modulus of elasticity Resilience and impact

5 Colour & its dimensions : Introduction Importance in dental field

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Hue Value Chroma

Reference Books :Author Title

N.M.Mistry Concepts of PhysicsSatish Chandra Text books of Dental Materials

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APPLIED DENTAL CHEMISTRYSemester First

Detailed Contents:

2 Study of compounds: Carbon dioxide Introduction Physical properties Uses Plaster of paris Introduction Properties Uses Poly methyl methacryalate

4 Chemical equilibrium: Introduction Reversible & irreversible reaction Reversible chemical reaction Irreversible chemical reaction Difference between reversible & irrever Exothermic & endothermic reaction Exothermic reaction Endothermic reaction Difference exothermic & endothermic Rate of reaction & chemical equilibrium

Chapter Contents1 Metals & Non Metals:

Introduction Definition of Metal & Non Metal Physical & Chemical properties of Metal. Physical & Chemical properties of Non metal. Alloys of Iron Steels Types of steel Copper Introduction Occurrence Alloys of copper Silver Introduction Occurrence Uses Gold alloy Base Metal alloys

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Important aspects of chemical Equilibrium

5 Recycling of waste materials Concepts of recycling Classification of wastes Need for recycling of waste Ways of recycling the wastes Recycling of metals glass & plastics

6 Soldering, welding & brazing Introduction Definition of soldering, welding& brazing Solder Flux Procedure of soldering & welding

7 Tarnish & Corrosion Introduction Definition of tarnish & corrosion Causes of tarnish Causes of corrosion Types of corrosion Chemical corrosion Electrolytic corrosion Protection against Tarnish & corrosion

Reference Books : Author Title

Science book Part II std XI

Prof. Thatte

Prof Dr. Zunjuwad

Fundamental ChemistryFYJC

Prof. ThatteProf Dr. Zunjuwad

Fundamental ChemistrySYJC

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DENTAL PROSTHETICSemester Second

Detailed:

2 Record bases & ocolusial wax rims: Record base Introduction Pouring of final impression & master cast Definition of record base Uses Ideal requirement Materials used & classification Description of each temporary record base Occlusion wax rims Definition Uses Fabrication of occlusion rims Occlusion rim shape, dimension & position

3 Articulators & recording of Jaw relation: Introduction Definition Uses Advantages Types Limitations Basics of recording Jaw relation

4 Arrangement of artificial teeth Introduction Types Diagnostic cast Tooth modification techniques Procedure

Chapter Contents1 Introduction to prosthodontics:

History Terminology Need & purpose of complete denture Physical & bio mechanical considerations. Introduction Residual alveolar ridges Stability Support

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PRACTICAL:TO prepare heat acrylic complete denture

Exercise 1: Making of primary cast from primary impression of edentulous maxillary arch in Dental plaster.Exercise 2: Making of primary cast from primary impression of edentulous mandibular arch in Dental plaster.Exercise 3: Making of Anatomical land marks on complete edentulous maxillary cast.Exercise 4: Making of Anatomical land marks on complete edentulous mandibular cast.Exercise 5: Mounting: Transfer of Jaw relation on three articulator using dental plaster Exercise 6: Teeth arrangement:

Anterior teeth Arrangement of Maxillary teeth Arrangement of Mandibular teeth

Posterior teeth (Anatomic) Arrangement of Maxillary teeth Arrangement of Mandibular teeth

Posterior teeth ( Non Anatomic) Arrangement of Maxillary teeth Arrangement of Mandibular teeth

Exercise 6: Waxing and carving Waxing & carving of Maxillary denture with root elevation Waxing & Carving of Mandibular denture with root elevation Waxing & Carving of maxillary denture

Without root elevation Waxing & Carving of mandibular denture

Without root elevation.Exercise 7: Demounting of Maxillary and mandibular cast from 3 point articulatorExercise 8: Revision Exercises: Preparing of Denture till waxing and carving stage.Exercise 9: Repair of complete denture: Maxillary or Mandibular Denture.Exercise 9: Relining of complete denture: Maxillary or Mandibular Denture.

Reference Books :Author Title

Heartwell Syllabus of complete Denture

Winkler Essentials of complete denture

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ORTHODONTIC PAPER ISemester Second

Detailed Contents:Chapter Contents1 Introduction to orthodontics:

History of orthodonticsSequelae of malocclusion Poor facial appearance Risk pf caries Predisposition to periodontal Psychological disturbances Risk of trauma TMJ problemsAims of orthodontic treatment Functional efficiency Structural balance

2 Occlusion: basic concepts Introduction Types of cusp Centric holding cusp Non supporting cusp Arrangement of teeth in human Cusp fossn occlusion Cusp embrasure occlusion Imaginary occlusal planes & curves Curve of spee Curve of Wilson Curve of monson

3 Dentition period & occlusion: Introduction The Deciduous Dentition period Eruption age & sequence of period. Spacing in deciduous dentition Flush terminal plane Deep bite The mixed dentition period First transitional Period Inter transitional Period Second transitional Period

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PRACTICAL:To gain dexterlty & skill of bending orthodontics stainless steel wires.

Exercise 1: To prepare straight wire from 19 & 21 gauze stainless steel orthodontics wire adapted in a plane on a glass slab measuring 15 cm in length. Exercise 2: To prepare circle wire from 19 & 21 gauze stainless steel orthodontics wire adapted in a plane on a glass slab diameter 4cm in lengthExercise 3: To prepare equilateral triangle wire from 19 & 21 gauze stainless steel orthodontics wire

adapted in a plane on a glass slab diameter 4 cm in lengthExercise 4: To prepare V from 21gauze stainless steel orthodontics wire adapted in a plane on a glass Exercise 5: To prepare U from 21gauze stainless steel orthodontics wire adapted in a plane on a glassExercise 6: To prepare C clasp from19 & 21gauze stainless steel orthodontics wire adapter in a plane Glass slab Exercise 7: To prepare Full clasp from19 & 21gauze stainless steel orthodontics wire adapter in a

plane Glass slab Exercise 8: To prepare Box types canine retractor from 22 gauze stainless steel orthodontic wire Adapted in a plane on a glass slab Exercise 9: To prepare Hockey Stick types canine retractor from 23gauze stainless steel orthodontic wire Adapted in a plane on a glass slab.Exercise 10: To prepare Finger Spring types canine retractor from 23gauze stainless steel orthodontic wire Adapted in a plane on a glass slab Exercise 11: To prepare Z Spring small size from 23gauze stainless orthodontic wire Adapted in a Plane on a glass slab

Reference Books :Author Title

M.S.Rani Text of orthodontics S. Bhalajhi Orthodontics the Art &

SciBishara Text book of orthodonticsAdams Design & use of

removable orthodontics appliances

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COMPUTER APPLICATIONSemester First

Detailed Contents:Chapter Contents1 Practical:

Exercise1 : Computer fundamentals Overview to computer system Types of computer Hardware & Software Type of Software Operating system:DOS &

Window 98/2000 Representation of Data Components of Computer-CPU,

memory Input & Output Devices-

Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Printers

Stroage Devices: Types of storage devices

2 Exercise2 : Operating system window 98/2000

Starting windows Exploring the desktop The start Button Moving & sizing windows Arranging windows Short cuts Shutting down windows Windows tool My computer Copying fille Creating,renaming & Deleting

folders Copying,deleting moving &

renaming files Find files & folders Word pad Recycle bin help

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3 Exercise3 : MS word Introduction of office tools Introduction of Microsoft word Creating& formatting a

Document Auto text Grammer & Spell check Changing font & type sizes Opening & saving document Printing & previewing a

document Finding and replacing Creating reports & tables Template

4 Exercise 4 : MS Exel Introduction to electronic spread

sheet Creating worksheet Inserting Data into worksheet Entering formula & functions Types of Charts Creating Chart Moving & Sizing charts Using auto fill Using Goal Seek

5 Exercise 5 : MS Power point Introduction to presentation

program Creating Presentation Features of Power point Auto content wizard Viewing & Editing a presentation Inserting moving hiding &

deleting slides Slide layouts Modifying the slide & title

master Adding transition & build effects

6 Exercise 6 : Internet & E-Mail Applications What is Internet History and uses of internet Connecting to internet Dial Up Access & direct Access DNS & IP Address E-Mail Services

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Chat Services Domains and address

Practical:1. Computer Fundamentals:

Creating & editing files in DOS Creating folders Copying & moving files in DOS Drawing picture in paint using tools Saving,opening& creating new files Creating,formatting & seving file in word pad

2. Word: Creating formatting & saving file in MS-Word Assignment using font , paragraph Option Assignment using drop cap,coloum background change option Assignment using bullets & number option Assignment using table Assignment using drawing tools Assignment using hyperlink,bookmarks Assignment using mail merge Assignment using header & footer

3. Excel: Working with sheet Understanding simple Data operators Creating simple formula Creating complex formula Using function Using goal seek Shorting Data

4. Power point: Creating simple Presentation Using Autocontent Wizard Using Custom Animation Using simple picture & sounds, movies to the presentation

5. Access: Creating simple table Using Wizard to create a table Working with external data table

S.No Name Of The ContentTHIRD SEMESTER

1 Orthodontic (Paper II)2 Dental Prosthetic(RPD) (Paper II)3 Dental Material (Paper II)

ORTHODONTIC (Paper II)Semester Third

Detailed Contents:

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Chapter Contents1 Habits:

IntroductionClassification of habitsThumb and digit sucking Introduction Etiology Prendian theory Psychological aspects Effects of thumb sucking Management of thumb sucking Psychological approach Mechanical aid Removable habit breakers Fixed habit breakers Other aids Chemical approachTongue thrust habit

Introduction Etiology Classification Clinical features Management Habit interception Treatment of malocclusionMouth Breathing habit Introduction Classification of mouth breathe Clinical features ManagementBruxism Introduction Etiology Clinical features ManagementOther minor habits Lip biting Nail biting

2 Space Maintenance Introduction Classification of space maintainers According to Hitch cook According to Raymond Removable space maintainers Introduction Advantages & Disadvantages Indications & Contraindications Commonly used removable spacemaintainess

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Fixed space maintainers Introduction

3 Arch: Introduction Rapid maxillary expansion Indications Types of appliances used Removable appliances Description of expansion screw Contraindication of rapid maxillaryexpansion Retention after rapid maxillary Slow expension Introduction Appliances used for slow Expansion Jack screw Coffin spring Quad helix Arch expansion using Fixed appliance Difference between slow& rapid maxillaryexpansion

4 Orthodontics appliances general concepts Introduction Classification of removable appliance Ideal requirements of orthodontic appliance Appliance design

5 Removable Appliance Introduction Action of removable appliance Components of removable appliance Retentive components Mode of action of clasp Cercamfansial clasp Jackson clasp Adams clasp Southend clasp Triangular clasp Ball end clasp Crozat clasp

Active components of removable orthodontic Bows Short labial bow Long labial bow Split labial bow Reverse labial bow Roberts retractor Springs

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Introduction Classification of spring Finger spring Cranked single cantilever spring Z spring Coffin spring Canine retractors U loop canine retractor Helical canine retractor Palatal canine retractor Buccal canine retractor Screws Introduction Elastics Introduction Base plateAdvantages and Disadvantages of removable orthodontic appliancesDelivery of removable appliances

6 Laboratory procedures Orthodontic study models Ideal requirements of study models Parts of study models Disinfecting the impression Casting the impression Basing and trimming of the cast Finishing and polishing Acrylization using thermoplastic sheets

PRACTICAL:Retentive components

Exercise 1: To prepare C clasp from 19 & 21 gauze stainless steel orthodontic wire and to Adapt it on maxillary first/second pre molar on ideal cast .Exercise 2: To prepare C clasp from 19 & 21 gauze stainless steel orthodontic wire and to Adapt it on mandibular first/second pre molar on ideal cast Exercise 3: To prepare full clasp from 19 & 21 gauze stainless steel orthodontic wire and to Adapt it on maxillary& mandibular first/second pre molar on ideal cast Exercise 4: To prepare full clasp from 19 & 21 gauze stainless steel orthodontic wire and to Adapt it on maxillary& mandibular first molar on ideal cast Exercise 5: To prepare Adams clasp from 22 gauze stainless steel orthodontic wire and to

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Adapt it on maxillary& mandibular first/ second molar on ideal cast Active Components

Exercise 6: To prepare Labial Bow from 21 gauze stainless steel orthodontic wire and to adapt it on Maxillary & mandibular ideal cast from canine Exercise 7: To prepare Labial Bow from 21 gauze stainless steel orthodontic wire and to adapt it on Maxillary & mandibular ideal cast from first premolar to first premolarExercise 8: To prepare box type canine retractor from 22 gauze stainless steel orthodontics wire & to adapt it on maxillary & mandibular ideal cast Exercise 9: To prepare helical type canine retractor from 23gauze stainless steel orthodontics wire & to adapt it on maxillary & mandibular ideal castExercise 10: To prepare hockey stick type canine retractor from 23gauze stainless steel orthodontics wire & to adapt it on maxillary & mandibular ideal cast Exercise 11: To prepare finger spring from 23gauze stainless steel orthodontics wire & to adapt it on maxillary ideal cast Exercise 12: To prepare Z spring from 23gauze stainless steel orthodontics wire & to adapt it on maxillary left or right central incisor on ideal castExercise 13: To prepare coffins spring from 19 gauze stainless steel orthodontics wire & to adapt it on palate ideal cast

Orthodontics Appliance

Exercise 14: Preparation of retention plate on Maxillary ideal cast Exercise 15: Preparation of retention plate on Mandibular ideal castExercise 16: Preparation of Canine retractor plate on Maxillary ideal cast Exercise 17: Preparation of Canine retractor plate on Mandibular ideal castExercise 18: Preparation of Finger spring plate on Maxillary ideal cast Exercise 19: Preparation of Z spring plate on Maxillary left or right central incisor on cast Exercise 20: Preparation of Coffins spring plate on Palate ideal cast – 1 nos. each

Reference Books :Author Title

M.S.Rani Text of orthodontics S. Bhalajhi Orthodontics the Art & SciBishara Text book of orthodonticsAdams Design & use of removable

orthodontics appliancesIsaacson Removable Orthodontic

Appliances

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DENTAL PROSTHETIC (Paper II)Semester Third

Detailed Contents:Chapter Contents1 Introduction & Classification:

Terminologies Indications for RPD Classification of partially edentulous arches Need for classification Requirement of classification

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Kennedy’s classification Applegates modification Friedman’s Rule Friedman’s classification Kennedy’s applegates classification Steps in fabrication of a RPDParts of RPD

2 Removable partial denture design Introduction Surveying basics Designing the component parts of RPD Principles of a removable partial denture Principles of design Essentials of design Laboratory design procedure

3 Prosthetic mouth preparation Introduction Preparation of retentive undercuts Guide plane preparation Rest seat preparation

4 Secondary preparation and master cast for RPD Introduction Dual impression procedures Preparing the master cast

5 Types of RPD Introduction Unilateral RPD Implant supported RPD Removable partial over denture Guide plane & partial denture I- ear RPD Swing lock RPD Temporary partial denture Immediate partial denture Spoon denture Every dentures Two part dentures Claspless dentures Disjenct dentures

6 Correction of removable partial denturesRelining Definitions Indications Techniques for relining Advantages & disadvantagesRebasing Definition Indications TechniquesReconstruction of RPD

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Indication ProcedureRepair of RPD Denture base repair Replacement of denture teeth Addition of teeth to the denture Metal repair Repair of major & minor connectors Denture base addition

PRACTICAL:Exercise 1: Preparation of perforated special tray with wax spaces on partially edentulous maxi llary Cast of Kennedy’s class I using shellac base plate.Exercise 2: Preparation of perforated special tray with wax spaces on partially edentulous mandi bular Cast of Kennedy’s class II using shellac base platExercise 3: Preparation of perforated special tray with wax spaces on partially edentulous maxi llary Cast of Kennedy’s class III using shellac base plateExercise 4: Preparation of perforated special tray with wax spaces on partially edentulous maxi llary Cast of Kennedy’s class IV using Tray materialExercise 5: Preparation of perforated special tray with wax spacer on partially edentulous mandi bular Cast of Kennedy’s class III using Tray materialExercise 6: Occlusion wax rimsExercise 7: Mounting : Transfer of jaw relation on three point articulatorExercise 8: Teeth arrangementExercise 9: Waxing & CarvingExercise 10: Demounting of Maxillary & Mandibular cast from 3 point articulator

Reference Books :Author Title

Mc Giveney Mc.cracken’s removable partial prosthodontics

Stewart Clinical removable partial prosthodontics

DENTAL MATERIAL (Paper II)Semester Third

Detailed Contents:Chapter Contents1 Tooth colour resins2 Dental casting investment material

Introduction Types of investment material General composition of investment material Gypsum bonded investment material

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Introduction Classification Uses Supplied as Composition Manipulation Setting reaction & setting time Phosphate bonded investment material Introduction Classification Uses Supplied as Composition Manipulation Setting reaction & setting time Silien bonded investment material Introduction Classification Uses Supplied as Composition Manipulation Setting reaction & setting time Storage of investment material

3 Dental casting alloys Introduction History of dental casting alloys Terminology Classification Gold alloys Introduction Uses Gold content Classification Heat treatment of gold alloys Cobalt chromium alloys Introduction Uses General features Recycling noble metal casting alloys Other alloys Advantages & disadvantage of base metal alloys Comparison of gold alloys and base metal alloys

4 Casting machines & furnaces Introduction Types Functioning

5 Principles of casting

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6 Casting procedures for dental alloys Introduction Definition of casting Steps in making a cast restoration Importance of each step Defects in casting Introduction Classification Description of each type

Reference Books :Author Title

Anusavice Phillip’s science of dental material