jofkfl/s >[+vnfsf] nflu af}l4s ;dklq c+s m · 2009. 9. 14. · clxn]sf] 1fgdf cfwfl/t...

$: Jofkfl/s >[+vnfsf] nflu af}l4s ;DklQ c+s M · 2009. 9. 14. · clxn]sf] 1fgdf cfwfl/t cy{Joj:yfdf s'g} klg gjLg pBf]usf] nflu k]6]G6 /0fgLlt cfkm\gf] Jofj;flos /0fgLltsf] k|d'v tTj$
ljZj af}l4s;DklQ ;+u7g

Jofkfl/s >[+vnfsf]nflu af}l4s ;DklQ c+s M #

;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]usf]nflu k]6]G6sf]kl/ro

eljiosf] cfljisf/

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Jofkf/sf nflu af}l4s ;DklQ >[+vnfsf k|sfzgx¿M�

!= lrGxsf] lgdf{0f M ;fgf tyf demf}nf Joj;fosf nflu Jofkf/ lrGxsf] kl/ro . WIPO

sf] k|sfzg gDa/ ())

@= of]Uo b]lvg' M ;fgf tyf demf}nf Joj;fosf nflu k]6]G6sf] kl/ro . WIPO sf] k|sfzg

gDa/ $(* .

#= eljiosf] cfljisf/ M ;fgf tyf demf}nf Joj;fosf] nflu k]6]G6sf] kl/ro . WIPO sf]

k|sfzg gDa/ (!& .

$= /rgfTds cleJolQm M ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]usf nflu k|ltlnlk clwsf/sf] kl/ro .

WIPO sf] k|sfzg gDa/ (!* -cfufdL k|sfzg_

;Dk"0f{ k|sfzgx¿ ljkf] (WIPO) sf] ljB'tLo k':ts k;nsf] WWW.wipo.int/ebookshop

df k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .

c:jLs[ltM ;o; lbUbz{gdf ;dfj]z ePsf ;"rgfx¿ Jofj;flos sfg"gL ;+:yfkgsf]] nflu

xf]Og . o;sf] d'Vo p2]Zo cfwf/e"t ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg'df dfq ;Lldt /x]sf] 5 .

k|sfzg ;DaGwL ;jf{lwsf/

sfg"gn] cg'dlt lbPsf]df afx]s o; k|sfzgsf] s'g} klg efu ;jf{lwsf/ wgLsf] lnlvt

cg'dlt lagf s'g} klg tl/sfn] rfx] ljB'tLo xf];\ jf oflGqs tj/n] k'g?Tkfbg jf ;+rf/0f

ug{ kfOg] 5}g .

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e"ldsf

Joj;foLsf] nflu af}l4s ;DklQ lbUbz{gsf] >[+vnf dWo] of] t]>f] >[+vnf xf] .of] lbUbz{g k]6]G6df s]lGb|t /x]sf] 5, h'g gofF / gjLg ;f]r Pj+ k|fljlws;fdYo{af6 sDkgLx¿nfO{ clwstd kmfObf lng ;Ifd agfpg] d'Vo oGq xf] .1fgsf] ;|f]tsf] Joj:yfkg vf; ul/sg gofF ljrf/ / ;f]r s'g} klg pBf]unfO{b|"t ultdf kl/jt{g eO/x]sf] Jofj;flos jftfj/0fdf cfkm"nfO{ kl/jt{g ug{,cEo:t ug{ / gofF cj;/x¿nfO{ ;dfTg Pp6f pBf]usf] nflu cfjZos x'G5 .

clxn]sf] 1fgdf cfwfl/t cy{Joj:yfdf s'g} klg gjLg pBf]usf] nflu k]6]G6/0fgLlt cfkm\gf] Jofj;flos /0fgLltsf] k|d'v tTj x'g'kb{5 . of] lbUbz{gn] ;a}k|sf/sf pBf]ux¿n] k]6]G6 k|0ffnLaf6 Joj;flos nfe s;/L k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5g\eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;/n Pj+ Jofjxfl/s ?kdf a'emfpg] k|of; u/]sf] 5 . kf7sx¿nfO{pgLx¿n] s'g} k]6]G6sf] ;+/If0f, k|of]u jf sfof{Gjog ug{ OR5's ePdf k]6]G6sf]ljz]if1l;t k/fdz{ ug{ xfdL ;Nnfx lbg rfxG5f}+ . of] lbUbz{gn] kf7sx¿nfO{k]6]G6 ;DaGwL cfwf/e"t 1fgsf] ;fy} lghx¿nfO{ k]6]G6sf] ljifodf ljz]if1l;tk/fdz{ ubf { ;xL k|Zg ;f ]Wg Jofjxfl/s ;"rgf pknAw u/fpF5 .

;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]ux¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] ;du| Joj;fo, ahf/Ls/0f Pj+ lgof{t/0fgLlt, cfkm\gf] k|ljlw / k]6]G6 /0fgLltnfO{ ;lDdng ug]{ p2]Zon] of] lbUbz{gsf]k|of]u ug{ k|f]T;fxg ul/G5 . of] lbUbz{gnfO{ cem kl/is[t agfO{ ljZjel/sf ;fgftyf demf}nf pBf]ux¿df b]vf kg]{ cfjZostfx¿ ;Daf]wg x'g ;sf];\ eGg] x]t'n]k|fKt x'g] ;'emfjnfO{ WIPO :jfut ub{5 .

/fli6«o ;+:yf / :yfgLo ;fem]bf/sf] ;xof]udf of] lbUbz{gsf] csf]{ ;+:s/0fljsf; ug{ ;lsg]5 / o;sf] nflu lbUbz{gsf] k|ltlnlk k|fKt ug{ WIPO df;Dks{ /fVg WIPO xflb{s :jfut ub{5 .

sfldn Ob|L;dxflgb]{zs -WIPO_

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ljifo;"rL

!= k]6]G6x? #

@= k]6]G6 s;/L k|fKt ug]{ !^

#= ljb]zdf k]6]G6 #)

$= k]6]G6 ul/Psf] k|ljlwsf] Jofj;foLs/0f #$

%= k]6]G6sf] sfof{Gjog #(

k]h

#

k]6]G6 s'g} gofF Pj+ gjLg r/0fx¿ ;dfj]z ePsf]/ cf}Bf]lus k|of]usf] nflu plrt x'g] s'g}cfljisf/sf] nflu k|bfg ug]{ Psflwsf/sf] clwsf/xf] . k]6]G6n] dflnsnfO{ o:tf] Psflwsf/sf]clwsf/ k|bfg u5{ h; cg';f/ s'g} klg JolQmn]dflnssf] k"j{ :jLs[ltlagf ;f] k]6]G6sf] cfwf/dfs'g} klg j:t' agfpg, k|of]u ug{, laqmLsf] k|:tfj/fVg, s'g} pTkfbg jf k|lqmofsf] laqmL jf cfoftug{af6 lgif]w jf /f]s nufpFb5 . k]6]G6 sDkgLsf]nflu Pp6f zlQmzfnL Jofkfl/s cf}hf/ xf] h;sf]dfWodåf/f s'g} sDkgLn] s'g} gofF pTkfbg jfk|lqmof dfly k"0f{ Psflwsf/ k|fKt ug'{sf] ;fy}alnof] ahf/ Joj:yfsf] ljsf; Pj+ cfkm\gf]cg'dltkq c?nfO{ k|of]u ug{ cg'dlt lbO{ cltl/Qmcfo cfh{g ug{ ;Sb5 s'g} h6Ln pTkfbg-h:t}M Sofd]/f, df]jfOn kmf]g jf uf8L_ df w]/}k]6]G6åf/f ;'/lIft ePsf cfljisf/x¿ ;dfj]zePsf x'G5g\ . h;sf dflns km/s�km/s x'g;S5g\ .

k]6]G6 s'g} b]zsf] /fli6«o k]6]G6sf] sfof{no jfb]zx¿sf] ;d"xsf nflu If]qLo k]6]G6sf] sfof{non]k|bfg ug]{ ub{5 . of] ;Lldt cjlwsf] nflu j}w/xG5 . k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg k]z u/]sf] ldltaf6 /;dodf g} tf]lsPsf] z'Ns a'emfPdf o;sf] a}wtf;fdfGotof @) jif{sf] nflu /xG5 . k]6]G6 Pp6fk|fb]lzs clwsf/ xf] / of] ;DalGwt b]z jf If]qsf]ef}uf]lns ;Ldfdf ;Lldt /xG5 .

k]6]G6 eg]sf] s] xf] <

!= k]6]G6x? k]6]G6n] Psflwsf/sf] clwsf/ k|bfg u/] jfkt,cfj]bsn] k]6]G6sf] cfj]bgdf cfljisf/sf] lj:t[t,oyfy{ / k"0f{ lnlvt ljj/0f k|:t't u/L ;j{;fwf/0f;dIf cfkm\gf] cfljisf/ ;fj{hlgs ug'{kg]{x'G5 . w]/} h;f] b]zx¿df k|bfg ul/Psf] k]6]G6/ k]6]G6sf] cfj]bgnfO{ ;/sf/L d'vkq jf /fhkqdfk|sflzt u/L ;fj{hlgs ug]{ ul/G5 .

ch]{lG6gfsf cfljisf/stf{ x'uf] cf]lnd]/f, /f]j6f]{ sf/8g/ O8'jf8f]{ km/gfG8]hn] cfljisf/ u/]sf] emlNsg] k]okbfy{ vf]Ng] ;fdfg @) eGbf a9L b]zdf k]6]G6 ul/Psf]5 . of] pTkfbg 8];sf]/h]6 gfds Jofkfl/s lrGxcGtu{t cfljisf/stf{x¿åf/f :yflkt sDkgL dfkm{t\ljZjJofkL ?kdf Jofj;foLs/0f ul/Psf] 5 .

HIC gfds sf]l/og df]6/;fOsnsf] x]nd]6 pTkfbssDkgLn] x]nd]6 pTkfbg u/] jfkt ljZje/L $@ j6fk]6]G6 k|fKt u/]sf] 5 / lgof{t ahf/df o;n] cfkm\gf]pTkfbgsf] (%Ü laqmL u/L 7"nf] ;kmntf xfl;n u/]sf]5 . sDkgLn] cfkm\gf] laqmLsf] !)Ü cg';Gwfg /ljsf; sfo{df nufpg] u/]sf] tYon] x]nd]6 pBf]usf];kmntfsf] d'Vo s8L gjLgtd l8hfog /x]sf] eGg]s'/fnfO{ dxTj lbPsf] kfOG5 .

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cfljisf/ s] xf] <

k]6]G6sf] efiffdf cfljisf/nfO{ ;fdfGotof k|fljlws

;d:ofsf] nflu gofF / vf]hk"0f{ ;dfwfg eg]/

kl/eflift u/]sf] kfOG5 . of] k"0f{?kn] gofF pks/0f,

pTkfbg, pTkfbg ljlw jf k|lqmofsf] ;[hgf;Fu

;DalGwt x'g;S5 jf s'g} k"j{ ljBdfg pTkfbg

jf k|lqmofsf] ;fwf/0f ;'wf/;Fu klg ;DalGwt

x'G5 . k|s[ltdf klxn] g} ljBdfg eO/x]sf] s'g}

s'/f e]l6Psf] sf/0fn] dfq Tof] cfljisf/sf]

kl/efiffleq kg{ ;Sb}g, cfljisf/sf] bfo/fleq

kg{sf] nflu To;df dgUo dfgj k|ltef, ;[hgzLntf

/ sNkgfzlQmsf] ;DnUgtf x'g' h?/L 5 .

gjLgtfsf] zlQm

æcfljisf/Æ / ægjLgtfÆ aLrsf] leGgtfnfO{ s]nfpg'

h?/L x'G5 . cfljisf/n] s'g} k|fljlws ;d:ofsf]

k|fljlws ;dfwfgnfO{ hgfpFb5 . of] s'g} gjLgtd

ljrf/ jf sfo{ut gd"gfsf] ?kdf jf cflb?kdf

x'g ;Sb5 . gjLgtfn] cfljisf/nfO{ laqmL of]Uo

pTkfbg jf k|lqmofdf ?kfGt/0f ug]{ s'/fnfO{

a'emfpF5 . sDkgLx¿n] gjLgtfnfO{ ;dfj]z ug'{sf]

d'Vosf/0f lgDg 5g\M�

· vr{ arfpg / pTkfbzLntfnfO{ ;'wf/ ug]{

clek|fon] pTkfbg k|lqmofdf ;'wf/ ug{,

· pkef]Qmfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ kl/k"lt{ ug{sf]

nflu gofF pTkfbgnfO{ ahf/df Nofpg,

· k|lt:kwf{df cufl8 /lx/xg / ahf/df cfkm\gf]

c+z lj:tf/ ug{,

oBlk cfhsnsf w]/}h;f] cfljisf/x? cg';Gwfg

/ ljsf;df ul/Psf] k|of; / bL3{sfnLg nufgLsf]

k|ltkmn eP klg sltko cj:yfdf w]/} ahf/ d"No

/x]sf] ;fdfgx¿df ;fwf/0f / sd vlr{nf] k|fljlws

;'wf/ u/] jfkt cfljisf/stf{ jf sDkgLx¿nfO{

pNn]vgLo cfDbfgL / d'gfkmf k|fKt ePsf] 5 .

· Joj;foL Pj+ u|fxsx¿sf jf:tljs / a9\bf]cfjZostfx¿ kl/k"lt{sf] nflu k|ljlw ljsl;t/x]sf] ;'lglZrt ug{,· c? sDkgLx¿sf] k|ljlw dfly lge{/ ug'{kg]{ k|fljlws lge{/tfnfO{ /f]Sg .

cfhsf] cy{tGqdf sDkgL leqsf] gjLgtfnfO{Jojl:yt ug{sf] nflu k]6]G6 k|0ffnLsf] /fd|f] 1fgsf]cfjZostf kb{5 . of] ePdf sDkgLn] cfkm\g}gjLgtf / ;[hgfTds Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df clwstdnfe lng ;Sg'sf] ;fy} c? k]6]G6jfxsl;td'gfkmfdf cfwfl/t ;fem]bf/Lsf] :yfkgf ug'{sf]cnfjf c?sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] k|ljlwsf] cglws[tk|of]u ug{af6 ;d]t /f]Sb5 . w]/} k]6]G6 xfn cfP/h6Ln / cfljisf/df cfwfl/t 5g\ . h'g km/s�km/sk]6]G6sf dflnsx¿sf] :jfldTjdf x'G5 .

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tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] cfljisf/nfO{ lsgk]6]G6 ug'{kb{5 <5f]6f] pTkfbg rqm / a9\bf] k|lt:kwf{n] pBf]ux¿nfO{gjLgtd x'g / c? sDkgLx¿sf] gjLgtfdf kx'Frk|fKt u/L 3/]n' / lgof{t ahf/df k|lt:kwL{/lx/xgsf] nflu cTolws bafa kl//x]sf] 5 .k]6]G6åf/f k|bfg ul/Psf] Psflwsf/sf] clwsf/gjLgtd sDkgLx¿sf] nflu r'gf}tLk"0f{, hf]lvdk"0f{/ ultzLn Jofj;flos jftfj/0fdf ;kmn aGgsf]nflu Hofb} g} dxTjk"0f{ x'g ;S5 . cfljisf/x¿nfO{k]6]G6 ugf{sf k|d'v sf/0f lgDg 5g\M

· alnof] ahf/ cj:yf / k|lt:kwL{ nfeMk]6]G6n] dflnsnfO{ k]6]G6 u/]sf] cfljisf/nfO{c?åf/f Jofj;foLs/0f ug]{ sfo{af6 lgif]wjf /f]s nufpg ;Sg] Psflwsf/ k|bfgub{5 . h;n] clglZrtf / hf]lvdnfO{ sdug'{sf] ;fy} hyfefjL ug{ / gSsnstf{nfO{klg b'?T;flxt ub{5 . olb tkfO{sf] sDkgLn]s'g} d"Nojfg\ k]6]G6 ul/Psf] cfljisf/sf]:jfldTj k|fKt u/]sf] 5 jf To;nfO{ k|of]u ug]{cg'dlt kfPsf] 5 eg] Tof] sDkgLn]k|lt:kwL{x¿nfO{ To:t} lsl;dsf] cfljisf/ahf/df k|j]z gu/fpgsf] nflu /f]Sg;S5 . o;n] Tof] sDkgLnfO{ ;DalGwt ahf/dfljlzi6 v]nf8L aGgdf ;xof]u ug]{5 .

· nufgLdf pRr gfkmf jf cfDbfgLM olbtkfO{sf] sDkgLn] cg';Gwfg / ljsf; sfo{dfdgUo ;do / k};f vr]{sf] 5, cfljisf/sf]k]6]G6 ;+/If0f ePsf] 5 eg] To;n] vr{sf]c;"nL / nufgLdf pRr cfDbfgL k|fKt ug{df;xof]u k'¥ofpFb5 .

· k]6]G6, c?nfO{ k|bfg u/L k|fKt x'g]

cltl/Qm cfoM tkfO{sf] cfkm\gf] sDkgLsf]

cltl/Qm cfo ;[hgf ug{ rfxg' x'G5 eg]

tkfO{n] Psd'i7 e'QmfgL lnO{ jf /f]ofN6L

kfpg] lx;fadf cfkm\gf] cfljisf/ dflysf]

clwsf/ cGo JolQmnfO{ ;'lDkg ;Sg'

x'G5 . s'g} k]6]G6 a]Rg' -jf s;}nfO{ lbg'_

eg]sf] :jfldTjsf] x:tfGt/0f ug'{ xf] eg]

k]6]G6sf] cg'dlt kq k|bfg ug{' eg]sf] lglb{i6

zt{x¿sf] clwgdf /xL of] k]6]G6sf] k|of]u

ug'{ dfq xf] .

· ldl>t cg'dltkq dfkm{t k|ljlwdf

kx'FrM olb tkfO{sf] sDkgLn] c? s'g}

sDkgLsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] k|ljlwk|lt ?lr

/fVb5 eg] tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] sDkgLsf] k]6]G6

dfkm{t ldl>t cg'dltkqsf] ;Demf}tf tof/

ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 . h; cg';f/ tkfO{sf] sDkgL

/ csf]{ kIfn] ;Demf}tfdf lglb{i6 u/]sf] zt{

adf]lhd Ps csf{sf] Ps jf ;f] eGbf

a9L k]6]G6x¿ k|of]u ug]{ clwsf/ k|bfg

ub{5g\ .

· gofF ahf/x¿df kx'Fr M k]6]G6sf] cg'dlt

kq -jf slxn]sflxF ljrf/fwLg k]6]G6_ c?nfO{

k|of]u ug{ cg'dlt lbPdf tkfO{nfO{ gofF

ahf/x¿df kx'Fr k|fKt x'g ;Sb5 . h'g s'g}

sf/0fjz tkfO{sf] nflu kx'FrljxLg x'g

;SbYof] . o;f] x'gsf] nflu tkfO{sf] cfljisf/

;DalGwt ljb]zL ahf/df klg ;+/lIft x'g'kb{5

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· cltqmd0fsf] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f Mk]6]G6sf] ;+/If0f k|fKt u/]df tkfO{n] c?JolQmx¿nfO{ ;f]xL cfljisf/sf] k]6]G6 ug{/f]Sg ;Sg'x'G5 / cfkm\gf] pTkfbgsf]Jofj;foLs/0f ubf{ c?sf] clwsf/nfO{cltqmd0f ug{ ;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO{ klg Go"gug{ ;Sg' x'G5 . k]6]G6 :jod\n] æk|of]u ug]{:jtGqtf pknAw u/fpFb}g a? o;n] To:t}jf ldNbf]h'Nbf] cfljisf/sf] k]6]G6 ug{af6c?nfO{ /f]s nufpFb5 / tkfO{n] k]6]G6u/]sf] cfljisf/ gofF Pj+ k"j{jtL{ snfÆ eGbfpNn]vgLo ?kdf km/s 5 eGg] dgfl;jdflkmssf] ;+s]t k|bfg ub{5 . -k"j{jtL{snfsf] nflu k[i7 !@ x]g'{;\_

· cg'bfg k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] jf plrt Jofhb/df sf]ifsf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfsf]clej[l4M k]6]G6sf] :jfldTj -jf c?sf]:jfldTjdf /x]sf] k]6]G6 k|of]u ug]{ cg'dltkq k|fKt_ n] s'g} pTkfbgnfO{ ahf/;Ddk'¥ofpgsf] nflu k"FhL ;+sng ug{ ;Sg]tkfO{sf] Ifdtfsf] ljsf; clej[l4 ug{;S5 . s]xL If]qx¿df -h:t}M h}ljs k|ljlw_;fxl;s k"Flhkltx¿nfO{ cfslif{t ug{sf]nflu tkfO{l;t k]6]G6sf] ;jn ;+u|x x'gcfjZos 5 .

· gSsnstf{ / dgk/L ug]{ lj?4 sf/jfxLug{ ;Sg] zlQmzfnL cf}hf/ k]6]G6n] k|bfgu/]sf] Psflwsf/nfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdfsfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu tkfO{n] a]nfavtdfd'2f ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostf klg /xG5 jftkfO{sf] k]6]G6sf] clwsf/ xgg\ ug]{x? ;dIfcfkm\gf] k]6]G6sf] af/]df Wofgfslif{t ug'{ kg]{

x'G5 . k]6]G6 dfly :jfldTj /x]df gSsnLstf{sf]lj?4df pknAwLd"ns sfg"gL sf/afxL ug{;Sg] tkfO{sf] IfdtfnfO{ t'ngfTds ?kdf;'wf/ ub{5 .

· tkfO{sf] Joj;fosf] ;sf/fTds 5ljMJofj;flos ;fem]bf/, nufgLstf{, z]o/wgLx¿Pj+ u|fxsx¿n] k]6]G6sf] ;+u|xnfO{ tkfO{sf]sDkgLsf] pRr txsf] bIftf, ljlzi6tf /k|fljlws Ifdtfsf] ?kdf cg'e"t ub{5g\ .sf]if j[l4 ug{sf] nflu, Joj;flos ;fem]bf/vf]hL, sDkgLsf] 5lj pTyfg / ahf/ d"Noclej[l4 ug{sf] nflu of] pkof]uL ;fljt x'g;S5 . s]xL sDkgLx¿n] ;j{;fwf/0fdfgjLgtd 5lj k|If]k0f ug{sf] nflu lj1fkgdfk]6]G6x¿sf] pNn]v jf To;sf] ;"lr k|sflztug]{ ub{5g\ .

k]6]G6 g+= US @))@!#&$##l;;f / df6f]sf] efF8f]df Kjfn kfg]{ of] gjLgtd\k'/:s[t Hofjn k]?sf cfljisf/stf{ xf];] le8fndfl6{gåf/f k]6]G6 ul/Psf] lyof] . kmn:j?k pgn]Tof] pTkfbgsf] k|ToIf ?kdf Jofj;foLs/0f ug'{sf];fy} Tof] cfljisf/sf] cg'dltkq c?nfO{ k|bfgu/]/ /f]ofN6L klg cfh{g u/]sf lyP .

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tkfO{sf] pTkfbgnfO{ ;+/lIft ug{sf] nflu cGos] s:tf sfg"gL pks/0fx¿ pknAw 5g\ <of] lbUbz{g k]6]G6df s]lGb|t 5 . tyflk pTkflbtj:t'sf] cfwf/df To:tf gjLgtd\ pTkfbgx¿sf]ljljw kIfx¿sf] ;+/If0f ug{sf] nflu cGo af}l4s;DklQsf clwsf/x¿ pknAw x'g ;S5g\ . tLlgDg k|sf/sf x'g ;S5g\ M· pkof]uL gd"gfx¿ -cNksfnLg, ;fdfGo jf

gjLgtd k]6]G6sf] ?kdf klg kl/lrt 5g\_s]xL b]zx¿df lj:tf/d'vL cfljisf/ jf ljBdfgpTkfbgdf ul/Psf] ;fgfltgf km]/kmf/nfO{pkof]uL gd"gf cGt{ut ;+/lIft ug]{ ul/G5 .-k[i7 !) df /x]sf] sf]i7nfO{ x]g'{;\_

· Jofkfl/s uf]kgLotfM uf]kgLo Jofkfl/s;"rgf Jofkfl/s uf]kgLotfsf] ;+/If0faf6nfeflGjt x'g ;S5, ha;DdM- s:tf] lsl;dsf] ;"rgfl;t sf/f]jf/ul/Psf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L ;fdfGotofc?nfO{ gePsf],- uf]Ko ePsf] sf/0fn] Jofj;flos d"Nolglxt /x]sf],- o;nfO{ uf]kgLo /fVgsf] nflu o;sfdflnsn] dgfl;j dflkmssf] sbd rflnPsf]-pbfx/0fsf] nflu To:tf] ;"rgfnfO{ yfxfkfpg] cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df aGb]h ul/Psf]Pj+ uf]kgLotf jf k|sfzg gug]{ ;Demf}tfu/]sf]_ -k[i7 ( sf] sf]i7 x]g'{;\_

· cf}Bf]lus l8hfOgx¿ M s'g} pTkfbgsf]cfn+sfl/s jf ;f}Gbo{kIf dfly Psflwsf/cf}Bf]lus l8hfOgsf] ;+/If0faf6 klg pknAwug{ ;lsG5 . s]xL b]zx¿df o;nfO{æl8hfOg;DaGwL k]6]G6Æ eg]/ ;Daf]wg ug]{ul/G5 .

· Jofkf/ lrGx M Jofkf/ lrGxsf] ;+/If0fn]cfkm\gf] sDkgLsf] pTkfbgnfO{ c? sDkgLsf]pTkfbgaf6 leGg b]vfpg d2t ub{5 .

· k|ltlnlk clwsf/ Pj+ ;DalGwt

clwsf/x¿ M df}lns ;flxlTos Pj+snfTds sfo{x¿ k|ltlnlk clwsf/ Pj+;DalGwt clwsf/åf/f ;+/lIft x'g ;S5 .k|ltlnlk clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f sDKo'6/ k|f]u|fdnufot a[xt sfo{df k|of]u x'G5 . -k[i7 !!sf] sf]i7 x]g'{;\_

· gjLg jg:kltsf k|sf/x¿M w]/}h;f]b]zx¿df gjLg k|sf/sf jg:kltsf hflth;n] gjLgtf, ljlzi6tf, Ps?ktf /:yfloTjsf] cfjZostfnfO{ kl/k"lt{ ug{sf];fy} s'g} pko'Qm ;+1fåf/f ;Daf]lwt ul/Psf]5 eg] To; cj:yfdf To;n] æKnfG6 lj|8;{6fO{6Æ sf] ?kdf ;+/If0f k|fKt ug{;Sb5 . clws hfgsf/Lsf] nflu x]g'{;\ .www.upov.int

· PsLs[t dfu{sf] afXo gS;f+sg -jf:ynfs[lt_ dfOqmf] lrK; / ;]ldsG8S6/lrK;df k|of]u x'g] df}lns afXo gS;f+sg-jf :ynfs[lt_ sf] nflu klg tkfO{n] ;+/If0fk|fKt ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 . o:tf] ;+/If0f afXogS;f+sgnfO{ ;d]t :jLs[t u/]sf] clGtdpTkfbg;Dd klg lj:tf/ x'g ;S5 .

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· tkfO{sf] cfljisf/nfO{ pTkfbg jf 9fFrfeGbfljk/Lt lbzftkm{ n}hfg s] ;lhnf] 5 <

· cGo k|lt:kwL{x¿åf/f tkfO{n] u/]sf] cfljisf/nfO{ k]6]G6 ug{ slQsf] ;lhnf] 5 <

· ahf/af6 x'g] cfzftLt d'gfkmfn] k]6]G6sf]vr{nfO{ ;dy{g ub{5 < -k]6]G6sf] vr{;DaGwL k[i7 @) x]g';\_

· cfljisf/sf] s'grflxF kIf Ps jf ;f] eGbfa9L k]6]G6åf/f ;+/lIft x'g ;Sb5 < o;sf]If]q slt Jofks x'g ;Sb5 / o;n]Jofj;flos pkof]lutfsf] ;+/If0f k|bfg u5{ls ub}{g <

· k]6]G6 clwsf/sf] pNn+3g ;lhn};Fu klxrfgug{ ;lsG5 / tkfO{sf] k]6]G6nfO{ nfu" ug{sf]nflu ;do / cfly{s ;|f]tx¿ nufgL ug{tof/ x'g' x'G5 <

olb s'g} cfljisf/ k]6]G6 of]Uo 5 eg] To:tf]cfljisf/sf] k]6]G6 ;+/If0fsf] nflu cfj]bg lbg';w}+ a'l4dfgL x'G5 <of] ;w}+ a'l4dfgL x'Fb}g . olb s'g} cfljisf/ k]6]G6of]Uo 5 eGb}df Tof] lglZrt ?kdf Jofj;flosk|ljlw jf pTkfbgsf] ?kdf kl/0ft x'G5 eGg]5}g . t;y{ k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg lbg' k"j{ To;sf];sf/fTds / gsf/fTds kIfx¿sf] dfkg ug'{sf];fy} ;DefJo ljsNkx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ug{' h?/L5 . k]6]G6 k|fKt ug{, sfod /fVg / nfu" ug{dxFuf] / ufx|f] x'g ;S5 . k]6]G6sf] nflucfj]bg lbg] jf glbg] Pp6f s7f]/ Jofj;floslg0f{o xf] . cfljisf/sf] nflu Jofj;flos ;+/If0fk|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 ls ;ls+b}g eGg] ;DefJotfdfcfwfl/t x'g'kb{5 .

s'g} k]6]G6 btf{sf] nflu cfj]bg lbg]÷glbg] eGg];DaGwdf lgDg s'/fx¿nfO{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ x'G5M· s'g} cfljisf/sf] nflu ahf/ 5 ls 5}g <· tkfO{sf] cfljisf/sf] c? ljsNkx¿ s]�s]

5g\ < olb 5 eg] tkfO{sf] vf]hLl;t s;/Lt'ngfTds 5g\ <

· tkfO{sf] vf]hL ljBdfg pTkfbgnfO{ ;'wf/ug{ pkof]u 5 jf gofF pTkfbg ljsf; ug{pkof]u 5 < olb 5 eg] tkfO{sf] sDkgLsf]Jofj;flos /0fgLltl;t pko'Qm 5 <

· tkfO{sf] cfljisf/nfO{ ahf/;Dd k'¥ofpgsf]nflu s'g} ;Defljt cg'dltkqu|fxL jfnufgLstf{ 5g\ <

· Joj;foL jf k|lt:kwL{x¿sf] nflu tkfO{sf]cfljisf/ slQsf] d"Nojfg\ 5 <

;g\ !(($ df Pp6f ITL skf]{/]zg gfds ci6]«lnogsDkgLn] cfkm\gf] klxnf] pTkfbgsf] xsdf pkof]uLgd"gfsf] cfj]bg k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] . of] Ps clåtLolsl;dsf] efF8f] lyof], h;df bftfsf] z/L/af6 /ut;+sng u/]/ efF8f] z/L/af6 lgsfNgf ;fy To;sf];'O{ :jtM v'lDrGYof] . Tof] gd"gf kl5 :t/Lo k]6]G6sf]?kdf kl/0ft eof] . Tof] pTkfbg Donorcare@ sf]Jofkfl/s lrGx cGtu{t Jofkf/Ls/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .h'g 3/]n' Pj+ ljb]zL ahf/df 7"nf] ;kmntf k|fKtug'{sf] ;fy} pTs[i6 l8hfOgsf] k'/:sf/ klg kfof] .

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k]6]G6 lj?4 uf]Kotfolb tkfO{sf] cfljisf/n] k]6]G6 of]Uo cfjZostfx¿-k[i7 !) x]g'{;\_ k"/f ug{ ;Sg] ;DefJotf 5 eg]tkfO{sf] sDkgLn] ljsNksf] ;fdgf ug'{kg]{x'G5 . cfljisf/nfO{ Jofkfl/s uf]Kotfsf] ?kdf/fVg], To;nfO{ k]6]G6 ug]{ jf c?n] To;nfO{k]6]G6 ug{ g;sf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] To;sf];fj{hgLs/0f -cfd ?kdf o;nfO{ k|lt/IffTdsk|sfzg klg elgG5_ ug]{ h;n] ubf{ ;fj{hlgsIf]qdf cfkm\gf] :yfg ;'lglZrt ub{5 .

tkfO{sf] b]zsf] sfg"gL k|0ffnLsf] cfwf/df Jofkfl/suf]Kotfsf] ;+/If0f c:j:y k|lt:kwf{ lj?4sf]sfg"g, Ps jf ;f]eGbf a9L sfg"gx¿df ePsf]vf; k|fjwfg, uf]Ko ;"rgfsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ sfg"g,sd{rf/L k/fdz{bftf, u|fxs Pj+ Jofj;flos;fem]bf/x¿;Fusf] ;Demf}tfdf Jojl:yt k|fjwfgjf dfly pNn]v ul/Psf] ld>0fåf/f ;+/lIft ug{;Sg' x'G5 .

Jofkfl/s uf]Kotfsf] ;+/If0fsf s]xL kmfObfx¿lgDg 5g\ <· Jofkfl/s uf]Kotfdf btf{ z'Ns nfUb}g .· Jofkfl/s uf]Kotfsf] ;+/If0fnfO{

;fj{hlgsLs/0fsf] cfjZostf kb}{g jf;/sf/L sfo{fnodf btf{ ug'{ kb}{g / cfljisf/k|sflzt x'Fb}g .

· Jofkfl/s uf]Kotfsf] ;+/If0f ;do;Ldfleq;Lldt x'Fb}g,

· Jofkfl/s uf]Kotf tTsfn} k|efjsf/L x'G5 .

cfljisf/nfO{ Jofkfl/s uf]Kotf cGtu{t

;+/If0f ubf{ x'g] a]kmfObfx¿M· olb of] uf]Kotf s'g} gjLgtd pTkfbgdf

s'FlbPsf] 5 eg], c?n] To;nfO{ pN6\ofpg;Ifd x'g]5g\ / uf]Kotf kQf nufO{ tTkZrft\To;nfO{ k|of]u ug]{ clVtof/L kfpF5g\ .

· Jofkfl/s uf]Kotfsf] ;+/If0f s]jn uf]Ko;"rgfsf] cg'lrt k|flKt, k|of]u jf;fj{hlgsLs/0fsf] lj?4 dfq k|efjsf/Lx'G5 .

· olb s'g} uf]Kotf ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sflztePsf] 5 eg] h;n] o;df kx'Fr k|fKtub{5 . To;sf] k|of]u ug{ :jtGq x'G5 .

· Jofkfl/s uf]Kotf nfu" ug{ sl7g x'G5lsgls k]6]G6sf] ;+/If0fsf] t'ngfdf of] Hofb}sdhf]/ dflgG5 .

· Jofkfl/s uf]Kotf cGoaf6 klg h;n] j}wtl/sfaf6 :jtGq ?kdf To:t}cfljisf/sf] ljsf; u/]sf x'G5g\ ltgn]k]6]G6 ug{ ;S5g\ .

k]6]G6 / Jofkfl/s uf]KotfnfO{ cfljisf/sf] ;+/If0fug]{ j}slNks dfWodsf] ?kdf u|x0f u/] klgltgLx¿ Ps csf{sf k"/s x'g . lsgeg] k]6]G6sf]sfof{non] k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg k|sflzt gu/];Ddk]6]G6sf] cfj]bsn] Tof] cfljisf/ uf]Ko /fVg;Sb5 . Pp6f k]6]G6 ul/Psf] cfljisf/nfO{;kmntfk"j{s s;/L k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]d"Nojfg\ hfgsf/Lx¿ Jofkfl/s uf]Kotfsf] ?kdf/flvG5 .

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k]6]G6of]Uo s'/f s] x'g;S5 <s'g} cfljisf/ k]6]G6 ;+/If0f k|fKt ug{ of]Uo aGgsf]nflu s]xL cfjZostfx¿ k"/f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o;dfvf; ul/sg bfjf u/]sf] cfljisf/ klg ;dfj]z5g\M· k]6]G6of]Uo ljifoa:t' ;dfj]z x'g'kg]{

-k[i7 !!_· gofF x'g'kg]{ -gjLgtfsf] cfjZostf_

-k[i7 !!_· sfNklgs r/0fsf] ;+nUgtf x'g'kg]{ -k[i7 !@_· cf}wf]lus k|of]usf] nflu ;Ifd x'g' kg]{

-pkof]lutfsf] cfjZostf_ -k[i7 !#_ /· k]6]G6sf] cfj]bgdf :ki6 / k"0f{ ?kdf pNn]v

ePsf] x'g' kg]{ -k|sfzgsf] cfjZostf_-k[i7 !#_

oL cfjZostfx¿ ;xL ?kaf6 a'em\gsf] nflutkfO{sf] rfv /x]sf] k|fljlws If]qdf cGo s;n]s] k]6]G6 ul/Psf] /x]5 eGg] s'/fsf] cWoog ug'{af6xf] . o;sf] nflu k]6]G6 tYofs+sf] k/fdz{ lng;Sg' x'G5 -k[i7 !^ / !& df k]6]G6 tYofs+sf]hfgsf/L /flvPsf] 5 _

pkof]uL gd"gfx¿pkof]uL gd"gfx¿sf] s]xL nIf0fx¿ M· pkof]uL gd"gfx¿ k|bfg ug]{ zt{x¿ sd

s7f]/ x'G5g\ . lsgls cfljisf/sf r/0fx¿sf]cfjZostf sd jf k"/} cg'kl:yt x'g;S5 .

· pkof]uL gd"gf k|bfg ug]{ sfo{ljlw k]6]G6eGbf k|foM l56f] / ;/n x'G5

· ;Def/ vr{ k]6]G6df nfu" x'g] vr{eGbf;fdfGotof sd x'G5 .

cGt/f{li6«o cfj]bg g++ PC|T/IT 2003/000428

tftf] t/n kbfy{åf/f ;fdfGot tof/ ul/g] vfgfjf k]o kbfy{sf] efF8f] .

· pkof]uL gd"gfsf] clwstd cjlw k]6]G6sf]cjlweGbf 5f]6f] x'G5 .

· s]xL b]zx¿df pkof]uL gd"gfx¿ k|ljlwsf]s]xL lglZrt If]qdf ;Lldt x'g ;Sb5 /pTkfbgdf dfq -k|lqmofsf] nflu xf]Og_pknAw x'g ;S5 / k|foMh;f] pkof]u gd"gfsf]cfj]bg jf k|bfg ul/Psf] pkof]uLgd"gfnfO{ lgoldt k]6]G6 cfj]bgdf kl/0ftug{ ;lsG5 .

!!

sDKo'6/ ;km\6j]/sf] ;+/If0fs]xL b]zx¿df ul0ftLo ;dfwfg h'g sDKo'6/;km\6j]o/sf] ;'wfl/Psf] sfo{bIftfsf] cfwf/ x'g\ltgLx¿ k]6]G6åf/f ;+/lIft x'g ;Sb5g\ eg] c?s]xL b]zx¿ of] k]6]G6 cof]Uo ljifoj:t' egLcnUofOPsf] 5 . s]xL k/jlt{t b]zx¿df olbs'g} ;km\6j]/;Fu ;DalGwt cfljisf/n] snfsf]If]qdf k|fljlws of]ubfg lbG5 eGg] ljZjf;nfUb5 eg] To:tf] cj:yfdf To:tf] cfljisf/k]6]G6of]Uo x'g ;Sb5 . tkfO{sf] b]zdf sDKo'6/;km\6j]/sf] k]6]G6 of]Uotf;DaGwL a9L hfgsf/Lkfpgsf] nflu tkfO{n] tkfO{sf] /fli6«o jf If]qLok]6]G6sf] sfof{nodf ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf -k]6]G6sfof{nox¿sf] j]e;fO6sf] ;"rL kl/lzi6fs+ !df x]g'{;\_

· ;f/tTjsf] cfljisf/ h'g k|fs[lts ?kdf;+;f/df x'G5,

· ;fj{hlgs lgod, g}ltstf / hg:jf:YonfO{k|efljt kfg]{ cfljisf/x¿,

· dfgj / kz'sf] pkrf/sf] nflu k|of]u x'g]lgbfgfTds, lrlsT;sLo / zNolrlsT;f;DaGwL k4ltx¿,

· ;Ifd hLj afx]ssf af]6lj?jf / hLjhGt';fy} ch}jsLo / ;"Id h}jsLo afx]saf]6lj?jf jf hLjhGt'sf] pTkfbgsf] nflucfjZos k|f0fL zf:qLo k|lqmof,

· sDKo'6/sf k|f]ufdx¿ .

k]6]G6of]Uo ljifoj:t' s] xf] <w]/}h;f] /fli6«o jf If]qLo k]6]G6 sfg"gx¿dfk]6]G6of]Uo ljifoj:t'nfO{ gsf/fTds ?kdf kl/efliftul/Psf] kfOG5 . cyf{t s'g rLh k]6]G6 ug{kfOFb}g To;sf] ;"lr pknAw u/fP/ . oBlk b]zcg';f/ km/s eP klg tn pNn]lvt s]xLpbfx/0fx¿ k]6]G6of]Uo If]qsf] bfo/fleqkb}{gg\ .· cfljisf/ / j}1flgs l;4fGtx¿,· ;f}Gbo{d"ns ;[hgfx¿,· dfgl;s clego sfo{ ug{sf] nflu s'g}

of]hgf, lgod / ljlwx¿,

w]/}h;f] b]zx¿df sDKo'6/ k|f]ufdsf j:t' / ;|f]tsf]8x¿ k|ltlnlk clwsf/ cGtu{t ;+/lIft x'g;Sb5g\ . k|ltlnlk clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f btf{sf]cj:yfdf ;zt{ 5}g . tyflk s]xL b]zx¿dfP]lR5s btf{ ;Dej / OlR5t x'G5 . k|ltlnlkclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f k]6]G6 ;+/If0fsf] sfo{ If]qeGbf;Lldt 5 . lsgls k|ltlnlk clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fn]s'g} ljrf/sf] ;§f Tof] ljrf/sf] cleJolQmnfO{dfq ;d]6\b5 . w]/} sDkgLx¿n] sDKo'6/ k|f]ufdsfj:t' sf]8nfO{ k|ltlnlk clwsf/af6 ;+/If0fub{5g\ eg] ;|f]t sf]8nfO{ Jofkfl/s uf]Kotfleq/fVg] ub{5g\ .

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s'g} cfljisf/ gofF jf gjLg xf] eg]/ s;/Llg?k0f ug]{ <olb s'g} cfljisf/ k"j{jtL{ snfsf] s'g} c+z aGb}geg] To:tf] cfljisf/ gofF jf gjLg ePsf]dflgG5 . ;fdfGotof k"j{jtL{ snf eGgfn]hg;fwf/0fnfO{ ljZjsf] s'g} klg 7fpFdf ;DalGwtk]6]G6sf] cfj]bg btf{sf] klxnf] ldlt;Dddf ;DalGwtk|fljlws 1fg pknAw ePsf] s'/fnfO{hgfpFb5 . o:tf] k|fljlws 1fgleq k]6]G6sfcfj]bgx¿ / ;a} k|sf/sf u}/ k]6]G6 ;flxTox¿kb{5g\ .

k"j{jtL{ snfsf] kl/efiff b]zlkR5] leGg�leGg ePsf]kfOG5 . w]/}h;f] b]zx¿df ;+;f/sf] s'g} klg:yfgdf lnlvt ?kdf, df}lvs ;+rf/sf] dfWodåf/f,k|bz{gåf/f jf ;fj{hlgs k|of]uåf/f s'g} ;"rgfhg;fwf/0f ;dIf ;fj{hlgs ul/G5 eg] To;nfO{k"j{jtL{ snf egL JofVof u/]sf] kfOG5 . t;y{l;4fGttM s'g} j}1flgs klqsfdf cfljisf/sf]k|sfzg s'g} ;Dd]ngdf To;sf] k|:t'lt, Jofkf/dfTo;sf] k|of]u jf s'g} sDkgLsf] ;"rLkqdf k|sflztePdf To:tf] sfo{n] cfljisf/sf] gjLgtfnfO{ gi6ug]{ x'gfn] Tof] k]6]G6of]Uo /xFb}g . k]6]G6 cfj]bgbtf{ ug'{ k"j{ To:tf] cfljisf/sf] cfsl:ds k|sfzgug]{ sfo{nfO{ lgif]w ug'{ clt h?/L 5 . k"j{jtL{snfdf s] ;dfj]z 5g\ eg]/ lgwf{/0f ug{sf] nfluPp6f ;Ifd k]6]G6 Ph]G6sf] ;xof]u dxTjk"0f{x'G5 . k"j{jtL{ snfleq uf]Ko k"j{jtL{ snf h:t}clgl0f{t ck|sflzt k]6]G6 cfj]bgx¿;dfj]z x'g ;S5g\, h'g klxnf] r/0fdfk|sflzt 5g\ .

s'g cj:yfdf s'g} cfljisf/df gjLgtd r/0fsf]

;+nUgtf /x]sf] dflgg] 5 <

k"j{jtL{{ snfsf] u0fgfnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ olb s'g}

cfljisf/ s'g} vf; k|fljlws If]qdf bIf /x]sf]

JolQmsf] nflu Tof] cfljisf/ ga'lemg] x'G5, ta

Tof] cfljisf/df gjLgtd r/0fsf] ;+nUgtf /x]sf]

dflgG5 . k]6]G6 ;[hgfTds / gjLgtd pknlAwsf]

xsdf dfq k|bfg ul/G5 .

cbfntsf] k"j{ km};nfsf] cfwf/df s]xL

b]zx¿df lgDg lnlvt rLhx¿ gjLgtdsf]

bfo/fleq ;dflji6 5}gg\ . cfsf/df ;fdfGo

kl/jt{g, s'g} pTkfbgnfO{ axgLo agfPdf,

k"hf{x¿sf] kl/jt{g, kbfy{df kl/jt{g jf s'g} k"hf{

jf To;sf] pkof]u kl/jt{g .

uPsf] bzsdf qmf]ol;ofsf] Ps sDkgLn]

Plhy|f]dfOl;g gfds k|lth}ljssf] k]6]06 jfkt

nfvf}+ ?k}ofF sdfPsf] lyof] . 7"nf] ljb]zL cf}iflw

pTkfbs sDkgL;Fusf] ;kmn cg'dltsf cfwf/df

of] ;Dej ePsf] xf] .

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cf}wf]lus cfj]bgsf] nflu ;IfdeGgfn] s] a'lemG5 <k]6]G6 of]Uo x'gsf] nflu s'g} cfljisf/ pBf]u jfJofj;flos p2]Zosf] nflu k|of]u x'g ;Ifdx'g'kb{5 . s'g} cfljisf/ s]jn ;}4flGts ljifodfq x'g' xF'b}g . Tof] pkof]uL x'g'sf] ;fy} To;n]Jojxfl/s nfe klg k|bfg ug'{kb{5 . cf}wf]luseGg] zAbfjnLnfO{ oxfF km/flsnf] cy{df k|of]uul/Psf] 5 / o;n] ljz'4 af}l4s jf cfn+sfl/slqmofnfO{ dfq g;d]6L cGo ljifo h:t}M s[lifnfO{klg ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . s]xL b]zx¿df cf}Bf]luscfj]bgsf] ;§f k|of]ufTdsnfO{ cfwf/ agfOPsf]kfOG5 . k|of]ufTds cfjZostf ljz]if u/LpTklQd"ns cg'qmdl;t dxTj /fVb5 . lsglscfj]bg btf{ ubf{sf] ;dodf To:tf] pkof]lutfsf]hfgsf/L gx'g ;Sb5 .

hLj lj1fgx¿df k]6]G6xfn}sf jif{x¿df hLj lj1fg -ljz]ifu/L h}ljsk|ljlwdf_ k]6]G6sf] ;+Vof pNn]vgLo ?kdf j[l4ePsf] 5 / b]zx¿ aLr s'g ljifo k]6]G6 x'g] jfgx'g] eGg] ljifodf pNn]vgLo dtleGgtf /x]sf]kfOG5 . k|foM ;a} b]zx¿n] ;"IdhLj;Fu ;DalGwtcfljisf/x¿ k]6]G6 ug{ cg'dlt lbPsf 5g\ /ha;Dd To:tf] ;"IdhLj ;fj{hlgs ?kdf pknAwx'Fb}g / To;nfO{ ;xL tl/sfn] JofVof ug{ ;ls+b}gtj;Dd To:tf] ;"IdhLjsf] gd"gfnfO{ dfGotf k|fKtGof;3/df /fVg' kg]{ x'G5 . w]/} b]zx¿n] jg:klt/ hgfj/nfO{ k]6]G6of]Uo ljifosf] 3]/faf6 aflx//fv]sf 5g\ t/ h}ljs kbfy{ h;nfO{ p;sf]k|fs[lts jftfj/0faf6 k|zf]lwt / k[ys agfOPsf]

5 . jf k|fljlws k|lqmofåf/f pTkfbg ul/Psf] 5eg] To:tf] h}ljs kbfy{nfO{ k]6]G6 ug{ cg'dltk|bfg u/]sf] kfOG5 . /fli6«o sfg"gn] klg s]xLlglb{i6 cfljisf/x¿ k]6]G6of]Uo x'g g;Sg] egL;"rL k|sflzt ug{ ;Sb5 . pbfx/0fsf] nfludfgjsf] cloning ug]{ k|lqmof jf dfgjsf] cg'jf+lzsklxrfgnfO{ ?kfGt/0f ug]{ k|lqmof .

b]zx¿sf] cfwf/df jg:kltsf gofF ljljwtfnfO{k]6]G6 k|0ffnLåf/f ;+/lIft ul/g] ub{5 jf jg:kltsf]gofF ljljwtfnfO{ ;+/If0f ug]{ u/L tf]lsPsf] vf;k|0ffnL -clws hfgsf/Lsf] nflu x]g'{;\ww.upov.int_ åf/f ug]{ ul/G5 jf b'j}sf];ld>0faf6 ul/G5 .

k|sfzgsf] cfjZostf s] xf] <w]/}h;f] b]zsf] /fli6«o P]g sfg"gcg';f/, s'g}k]6]G6sf] nflu cfj]bg ubf{ To:tf] cfljisf/ k|i6/ k"0f{ ?kdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{ 5, h; cg';f/x'g} lglb{i6 k|fljlws If]qdf bIf /x]sf] JolQmn] ;f]cfljisf/sf] k|of]u ug{ ;sf];\ . s]xL b]zx¿sfk]6]G6 sfg"gn] cfljisf/stf{nfO{ ;f] cfljisf/k|of]u ug]{ ;jf]{Qd ljlw k|sfzg ug{ klg nufpg]ub{5g\ . ;"IdhLjsf] k]6]G6sf] xsdf s]xL b]zx¿n]To:tf] ;"IdhLjnfO{ dfGotf k|fKt Gof;3/df lhDdfnufpg] Joj:yf klg u/]sf] 5 .

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k]6]G6åf/f s]�s] clwsf/ k|bfg ul/G5g\ <k]6]G6n] cfkm\gf] dflnsnfO{ cfkm\gf] cfljisf/nfO{cGo JolQmåf/f To;sf] Jofj;flos k|of]u ug{af6/f]Sb5 . o;leq k|ltaGw nufpg] clwsf/, To:tf]j:t' agfpgdf lgif]w ug]{ clwsf/, laqmLsf] nflucfXjfg ug{ lgif]w ug]{ clwsf/ / dflnssf]cg'dlt a]u/ k]6]G6 ul/Psf] cfljisf/sf] cfwf/dfTo:tf] cfljisf/sf] laqmL jf pTkfbg jf k|lqmofnfO{cfoft ug{af6 ;d]t /f]snufOPsf] 5 .

Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ s'/f s] xf] eg] k]6]G6n] dflnsnfO{k|of]u ug]{ :jtGqtf jf k]6]G6n] ;d]6]sf] k|fljlwnfO{zf]if0f ug]{ clwsf/ k|bfg ub}{g clkt' cGonfO{lgif]lwt ug]{ clwsf/ dfq lbG5 . of] ;"Id leGgtfeP tfklg, k]6]G6 k|0ffnL / ljljw k]6]G6x¿ s;/LcGtlqm{of ub{5g\ eGg] af/]df a'em\g' h?/L 5 .jf:tjdf cGo JolQmsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] k]6]G6tkfO{sf] k]6]G6nfO{ 9fSg, 3]g{ jf tkfO{sf] k]6]G6sf]k"/s x'g ;Sb5 . t;y{ cfkm\gf] k]6]G6 ul/Psf]cfljisf/nfO{ Jofj;flos ?kdf k|of]u ug{sf]nflu cg'dltkq lng' cfjZos x'G5 .

To:t} s'g} lglZrt cfljisf/x¿ -h:t} cf}iflwx¿_Joj;foLs/0f ug'{ cl3 s]xL cfjZostf k"/f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . -pbfx/0fsf] nflu ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6laqmL ljt/0fsf] cg'dlt_

cfljisf/stf{ sf] xf] / k]6]G6 dflysf] :jfldTjs;df lglxt /xG5 <hf] JolQmn] cfljisf/sf] sNkgf ub{5 ;f]xL JolQmcfljisf/stf{ x'G5 hals Tof] JolQm -jf sDkgL_h;n] k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg ub{5 ;f]xL JolQm k]6]G6sf]cfj]bs, wf/s jf dflns xf] . s]xL d'2fx¿dfcfljisf/stf{ :jo+ klg cfj]bs x'g ;Sb5 . oLb'O{ k|foM km/s klxrfgsf x'G5g\ . cfj]bs k|foMsDkgL jf cGj]if0f ug]{ ;+:yf x'G5 h;n]cfljisf/stf{nfO{ hflu/df /fv]sf] x'G5 . tnpNn]lvt kl/l:yltn] ljZn]if0fnfO{ a9L :ki6kfb{5 .

· hflu/]sf] cfljisf/M w]/}h;f] b]zx¿dfhflu/]sf] l;nl;nfdf ljsf; ul/Psf]cfljisf/ :jtM /f]huf/bftf dfly cg'alGwtul/G5 . s]xL b]zx¿df of] ta dfq ;Dejx'G5 olb pQm s'/f /f]huf/ ;Demf}tfdf ;f]s'/f pNn]v ePsf] 5 eg] . s]xL cj:yfx¿df-h:t}M /f]huf/ ;Demf}tf gePsf] cj:yfdf,cfljisf/stf{n] ;f] cfljisf/ dfly z]fif0fug]{ clwsf/ ;'/lIft /fVg ;Sb5 t/cfGtl/s p2]Zosf] nflu -h;nfO{ k;n]clwsf/ klg elgG5_ . /f]huf/bftfnfO{k|of]u ug{ lbOG5 . tkfO{sf] b]zdf o;;DaGwL sfg"g s] s:tf] 5 eGg] af/]df a'em\g'h?/L 5 / /f]huf/sf] cfljisf/df eljiodfo:tf] ljjfb gcfcf];\ eGg] p2]Zon]/f]huf/bftfsf] cfljisf/ pk/ s;sf] :jfldTj/xg] eGg] ljifonfO{ /f]huf/sf] ;Demf}tfdfpNn]v x'g' h?/L 5 .

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· :jtGq 7]s]bf/x¿M w]/}h;f] b]zx¿df

cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s sDkgLn]

lgo'Qm u/]sf] :jtGq 7]s]bf/n] sDkgLsf]

nflu s'g} gofF pTkfbg jf k|lqmofsf] ljsf;

ub{5 eg] Tof] cfljisf/ dflysf] ;Dk"0f{

clwsf/ To; 7]s]bf/df lglxt /xG5 . cyf{t\

olb 7]s]bf/ / sDkgLsf] aLrdf ;f] cfljisf/

sDkgLnfO{ ;'lDkPsf] eGg] s'g} lnlvt

;Demf}tf 5}g eg] sDkgLnfO{ :jfldTjsf] s'g}

clwsf/ /xGg .

· ;+o'Qm cfljisf/stf{x¿M hxfF Ps eGbf

a9L JolQmn] s'g} cfljisf/sf] kl/sNkgf /

To;sf] l;4fGtdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpFb5 eg]

ltgLx¿nfO{ ;+o'Qm cfljisf/stf{sf] ?kdf

Jojxf/ ug'{kb{5 / ;f]xL adf]lhd k]6]G6sf]

cfj]bgdf pNn]v x'g'kb{5 . olb ;+o'Qm

cfljisf/stf{x¿ lgj]bs klg x'g\ eg] Tof]

k]6]G6 ltgLx¿nfO{ ;+o'Qm ?kdf k|bfg

ul/G5 .

· ;+o'Qm :jfldTjM km/s b]z / ;+:yfx¿df

Ps jf ;f] eGbf a9L JolQmx¿sf] :jfldTjdf

/x]sf] k]6]G6sf] k|of]u jf nfu" ug{sf] nflu

km/s lgod x'G5 . s]xL cj:yfdf cGo

;xdflnssf] cg'dlt lagf s'g} Ps

;xdflnsn] Tof] k]6]G6 c?nfO{ k|of]u ug{

cg'dlt jf cltqmd0fsf] lj?4 s'g} t]>f]

kIfnfO{ d'2f xfNg ;Sb}g .

;+lIfKt hfFr;"lr

· tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] cfljisf/ k]6]G6 ug'{ k5{ <

k]6]G6sf] ;+/If0fsf] kmfObfnfO{ ljrf/ ug'{;\,

ljsNk tkm{ x]g'{;\ -uf]klgotf, pkof]uL

gd"gfx¿ cflb_ / nfut�nfesf] ljZn]if0f

ug'{ . plrt lg0f{odf k'Ugsf] nflu k]6]G6sf]

af/] cem} hfgsf/L /fVgsf] nflu tnsf

c+zx¿ cWoog ug'{;\ .

· tkfO{sf] cfljisf/ s] k]6]G6of]Uo 5 <

k]6]G6of]Uo x'gsf] nflu s] cfjzostf 5

eGg]df ljrf/ k'¥ofpg' xf];\ . tkfO{sf] b]zdf

s] k]6]G6of]Uo 5 eGg] s'/fsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f

kQf nufpg';\ / k"j{ snfsf] cfljisf/ ug'{;\

-tnsf] v08 x]g'{;\_

· cfljisf/ dflysf] clwsf/sf] ;jfndf :ki6

x'g'xf];\ < sDkgL To;sf sfdbf/ / cGo

Joj;flos ;fem]bf/ h;n] cfly{s jf k|fljlws

?kdf Tof] vf]hL ljsf; ug{ ;xefuL ePsf

5g\ .

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tkfO{n] sxfFaf6 z'? ug]{<;fdfGotof klxnf] r/0fdf k"j{jtL{ snfsf] vf]hLsfo{ ug'{ xf] . ljZjJofkL ?kdf $ s/f]8 k]6]G6;Fu;Fu} nfvf}+ 5flkPsf k|sfzgx¿ 5g\ . h'gtkfO{sf] k]6]G6 cfj]bgsf] lj?4 ;DefJo k"j{jtL{snf x'g ;Sb5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf Pp6f uDeL/hf]lvd s] x'g ;Sb5 eg] s]xL k|;+u jf k|;+ux¿sf];lDd>0fn] tkfO{sf] cfljisf/nfO{ gjLgtd gePsf]jf k'/ftg egL 7x/ ug{ ;Sb5 h;n] ubf{ tkfO{sf]cfljisf/ k]6]G6of]UoljxLg x'g ;Sb5 .

k"j{jtL{ snfsf] k]6]G6of]Uotf af/] cfljisf/ u/]sf]v08df To;n] tkfO{sf] k]6]G6 cfj]bgdf x'g ;Sg]cgfjZos vr{nfO{ lgif]w ub{5 . olb To:tf]cfljisf/af6 tkfO{sf] cfljisf/nfO{ k]6]G6 ug{af6/f]s nufPsf] yfxf kfpg'eof] eg] cgfjZos k]6]G6cfj]bgsf] vr{af6 tkfO{ hf]lug' x'G5 . k"j{jtL{

snfsf] cfljisf/ u}/k]6]G6 ;flxTo, k|fljlws /j}1flgs klqsf, kf7\ok':ts, zf]wkq, j]e;fO6,sDkgLsf] k'l:tsf, Jofkfl/s k|sfzg / ;dfrf/kqsf n]vx¿df ;d]t ul/g' kb{5 .

k]6]G6sf] hfgsf/L juL{s[t k|fljlws ;"rgfsf]clåtLo ;|f]t xf] / sDkgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] Jofj;flosof]hgfsf] /0fgLlt agfpFbf of] Hofb} g} dxTjk"0f{x'G5 . w]/}h;f] pNn]vgLo cfljisf/x¿ k]6]G6 jfk]6]G6sf] cfj]bg k|sflzt x'Fbf ;fj{hlgs ?kdfklxnf] k6s k|sflzt x'g] ub{5 . t;y{ k]6]G6 /k|sflzt k]6]G6sf cfjb]bgx¿n] tTsfnLg cGj]if0fsf]af/]df 1fg k|bfg ug'{sf] ;fy} To:tf] gjLgtdpTkfbg ahf/df cfpg' cufj} To:tf] cfljisf/sf]af/]df hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpFb5 . k]6]G6sf]cfljisf/ sDkgLsf] cGj]if0f / ljsf;sf] c+z x'g'h?/L 5 .

@= k]6]G6 s;/L k|fKt ug]{ <

k]6]G6sf] tYofs+x¿sf] vf]hLsf] dxTj

s'g} cfljisf/ k]6]G6of]Uo 5 ls 5}g eg]/ To;sf]

cfljisf/ ug'{sf] cltl/Qm k]6]G6 tYofs+x¿sf]

;dod} / k|efjsf/L ?kdf cfljisf/ u/]df To;n]

pkof]uL ;"rgf / 1fg pknAw u/fpFb5 .

· tTsfnLg / eljiosf k|lt:kwL{x¿sf]

cg';Gwfg / ljsf; ;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx¿

· ;DalGwt k|fljlws If]qsf ljBdfg k|j[lQx¿

· cg'dlt kqsf nflu k|ljlwx¿

· ;Defljt cfk"lt{stf{, Jofj;flos ;fem]bf/x¿,jf cg';Gwfgstf{x¿sf] ;|f]tx¿

· :jb]z tyf ljb]zdf x'g ;Sg] ;Defljtahf/ :ynx¿,

· c?sf] k]6]G6 hfgsf/L k|fKt ug]{ tflstkfO{sf] cfkm\gf] pTkfbgn] c?sf] cltqmd0fgxf];\ . -;+rfngsf] :jtGqtf_

· Dofb ;dfKt ePsf / ;fj{hlgs If]qdfcfPsf ;fGble{s k]6]G6x?

· ljBdfg k|ljlwsf] cfwf/df ;Defljt gofFljsf;x¿

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tkfO{n] k"j{jtL{ snfsf] cfljisf/ s;/L / sxfFug{ ;Sg' x'G5<w]/} k]6]G6 sfof{nox¿n] k|sflzt u/]sf] k]6]G6 /k]6]G6 cfj]bgx¿ OG6/g]6df k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5,h;n] ubf{ tkfO{sf] k"j{jtL{ snfsf] vf]hL ug]{sfo{nfO{ ;xh agfOlbPsf] 5 . af}l4s ;DklQsfsfof{nox¿n] lagf s'g} z'Ns OG6/g]6df k]6]G6sftYofs+x¿ pknAw u/fOlbPsf 5g\ . h'g tYofs+x¿tkfO{n] cgnfOgdf klg k|fKt ug{ ;Sg'x'g]5 .

To;sf] cltl/Qm clwsf+z /fli6«o k]6]G6sfsfof{nox¿n] s]xL z'Ns lnO{ k]6]G6sf] vf]hLul/lbg] klg ub{5g\ . k]6]G6sf] ;"rgf kx'FrOG6/g]6åf/f ;lhnf] eP tfklg k]6]G6sf] pRr:t/Locfljisf/ ug{ Tolt ;xh 5}g . k]6]G6sf] efiffhl6n / c:ki6 x'G5 / Jofj;flos vf]hL ug{sf]

nflu 1fg / bIftf rflxG5 . k]6]G6sf] tYofs+x¿sf]k|f/lDes vf]hL lgMz'Ns ?kaf6 OG6/g]6af6 ug{;Sg] ePtfklg clwsf+z sDkgLx¿ h;nfO{ vf;Jofj;flos lg0f{o -h:t}M k]6]G6sf] nflu cfj]bgug]{ ls gug]{_ ug{sf] nflu k]6]G6sf] ;"rgfsf]cfjZostf kg]{ x'gfn] To:tf sDkgLx¿n] k]6]G6Joj;foLsf] ;]jfdf lge{/ ug]{ ub{5g\ jf Hofb}Jojl:yt Joj;flos tYofs+x¿ k|of]u ub{5g\ .

k"j{jtL{ snfsf] vf]hL sfo{, d'Vo zAb, k]6]G6sf]juL{s/0f jf cGo vf]hL ug]{ k4ltsf] cfwf/dfug{ ;lsG5 . k"j{jtL{ snfsf] cgfj/0f tkfO{n]vf]hL ;DaGwL ckgfpg' ePsf] /0fgLlt, s'gjuL{s/0f k|0ffnL pkof]u ug'{ePsf] 5 . vf]hLsfo{df ;+nUg JolQmsf] k|fljlws bIftf / pkof]uul/Psf] k]6]G6 tYofs+x¿df lge{/ ub{5 .

cGt/f{li6«o k]6]G6 juL{s/0fcGt/f{li6«o k]6]G6 juL{s/0f -cfO{lk;L_ Pp6f o:tf]juL{s/0f k|0ffnL xf] . h'g k]6]G6 b:tfj]hx¿juL{s/0f / vf]hL ug]{ sfo{df k|of]u ul/G5 .o;sf] cltl/Qm o;n] k]6]G6 b:tfj]hx¿nfO{qmda4 ?kdf /fVg, ;"rgf k|jfx ug{ / ;DalGwtk|ljlwsf] If]qdf cg';Gwfg ug{sf] nflu ;+oGqsf]?kdf klg sfd ub{5 . cfO{lkl;sf] ;ftf}+ ;+:s/0fdfcf7 j6f v08 5g\ . h'g !@) j6f ju{, ^@*pkju{ / nueu ^())) ;d"xx¿ 5g\ . cf7j6fv08x¿ lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .

s_ dfgj cfjZostfv_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg, 9'jfgLu_ /;fog zf:q, wft' ljwf3_ sk8f, sfuhª_ :yfoL lgdf{0fx¿r_ oflGqs OlGhlgol/Ë k|sfz tfk, xltof/x¿,

lj:kmf]6g5_ ef}lts zf:qh_ ljB't

clxn] !)) eGbf w]/} b]zx¿n] cfkm\gf] k]6]G6 juL{s/0fug{sf] nflu cfO{lkl; k|of]u ug]{ ub{5g\ .

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k]6]G6 ;+/If0fsf] nflu cfj]bg s;/L lbg] <

k"j{jtL{ snfsf] vf]hL sfo{ ;DkGg eO{ ;s]kl5

Pjd\ k]6]G6 ;+/If0f k|fKt ug]{ lg0f{o lnPkl5, k]6]G6

cfj]bg tof/ u/L ;DalGwt /fli6«o jf If]qLo

k]6]G6 sfof{nodf a'emfpg' kg]{5 . cfj]bgdf

cfljisf/sf] k"0f{ ljj/0f, k]6]G6 k|of]u x'g] sfo{If]q,

k]6]G6sf] /]vf+sg / ;f/ ;dfj]z ePsf]

x'g'kb{5 . -k]6]G6 cfj]bgsf] :j?k af/] a9L

hfgsf/L lng k[i7 @$ x]g'{;\_ . s]xL k]6]G6

sfof{nox¿n] cfj]bsx¿nfO{ OG6/g]6sf] dfWodåf/f

cfj]bg a'emfpg ;Dej t'NofO{ lbPsf 5g\ . s]xL

b]zx¿df c:yfoL k]6]G6 cfj]bg btf{ ug]{

ljsNk klg k|bfg ul/Psf] kfOG5 . -k[i7 @# sf]

sf]i7 x]g'{;\_

k]6]G6 cfj]bg tof/ ug]{ sfo{ ;fdfGotof

k]6]G6;DaGwL sfd ug]{ jlsn jf Ph]G6åf/f

ul/G5 . h;n] btf{sf] k|lqmofdf tkfO{sf] cfwf/e"t

lrq0f pknAw u/fpFb5 . :d/0f /xf];\ ls btf{

k|lqmof b]z cg';f/ km/s x'g ;Sg] x'gfn] tkfO{n]

;DalGwt b]zsf] k]6]G6 sfof{no jf k]6]G6;DaGwL

sfd ug]{ sfg"gL kmd{l;t ;Dks{ /fvL k|lqmof /

nfUg ;Sg] z'Ns af/] hfgsf/L lng' plrt

x'G5 . cl3Nnf] k]hdf pNn]v ul/Psf] aS;n]

cfj]bg k|lqmofsf cfwf/e"t 1fg k|bfg ub{5 .

cGt/f{li6«o cfj]bg g++ PC/DE2003/003510

df]6/uf8Lsf] PsLs[t Po/Jofk k|0ffnLsf]:6]ol/Ë rSsf

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cfj]bg btf{ k|lqmof r/0fut ?kdfk]6]G6 sfof{non] k]6]G6 lbFbf ckgfpg] k|ljlwdfkm/s x'g ;S5g\, tfklg lgDg k|0ffnL eg] Ps}k|sf/sf x'G5g\ .

· cf}krfl/s k/LIf0fM k]6]G6sf] sfof{non]k|zf;lgs cfjZostf jf cf}krfl/stf-h:t}M ls ;fGble{s clen]vgx¿ ;dfj]z5 ls 5}g / cfj]bg z'Ns a'emfPsf] 5 ls5}g_ k"/f ePsf] 5 ls 5}g eg]/ cfj]bgsf]k/LIf0f ug]{ ub{5 .

· vf]hLM clwsf+z b]zx¿df k]6]G6sf] sfof{non]k"j{jtL{ snf vf]hl;t ;DalGwt 5 ls 5}geg]/ vf]hL sfo{ ug]{ ub{5g\ . ;f/jfgk/LIf0f ;dodf bfaL ul/Psf] cfljisf/ /k"j{jtL{ snfsf] t'ngf ug]{ ePsf] x'gfn] vf]hLsfo{af6 lg:s]sf] ljj/0f l/kf]6{ To; ;dok|of]u ug]{ ul/G5 .

· ;f/jfg k/LIf0fM cfj]bgn] k]6]G6sf]cfjZostf k"/f u/]sf] 5 ls 5}g eGg]ljifonfO{ lglZrt ug{ ;f/jfg k/LIf0f ug]{ul/G5 . ;a} k]6]G6 sfof{nox¿n] k]6]G6sf];a} cfjZostf k"/f u/]sf] 5 ls 5}g eg]/cfj]bgsf] hfFr ub}{g . s]xL cg'/f]w eO{cfPdf s]xL lglZrt ;dofjlwleq To:tf]hfFr ug]{ ub{5g\ . k/LIf0fsf] ;dodf p7fOPsfcfklQnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ jf x6fpg cfj]bsnfO{df}sf k|bfg ug{sf] nflu k/LIf0fsf] glthflnlvt ?kdf cfj]bs -jf p;sf] sfg"gJoj;foL_ sxfF k7fOG5 . of] k|lqmofn] bfaLsf]If]qnfO{ k|foM ;+s'lrt kfg]{ ub{5 .

· k|sfzgM clwsf+z b]zx¿df k]6]G6sf] cfj]bgbtf{ ePsf] ldltn] !* dlxgf kl5 k|sfzgx'G5 . ;fdfGotof, k]6]G6 sfof{non] k]6]G6k|bfg u/]kl5 klg k|sfzg ug]{ ub{5g\ .

· :jLs[ltM olb k/LIf0f k|lqmof ;sf/fTdslgisif{df k'Uof] eg] k]6]G6 sfof{non] k]6]G6k|bfg ug'{sf] ;fy} To;sf] k|df0f kq ;d]thf/L ub{5 .

· bfaL lj/f]w M w]/} k]6]G6 sfof{nox¿n]k|bfg u/]sf] k]6]G6sf] lj?4df s'g} t]>f]kIfaf6 bfaL lj/f]w cfpg ;Sg] x'gfn] To:tf]lj/f]w hgfpgsf] nflu ;do pknAw u/fOPsf]x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu bfaL ul/Psf]cfljisf/ gofF xf]Og eg]/ lj/f]w ug{;S5g\ . lj/f]w k|lqmof k]6]G6 k|bfg ug'{ k"j{jf k|bfg u/] kZrft\ klg lbg ;lsG5 / of]lglZrt ;dofjlwleq ;Dej 5 .

k]6]G6 cfj]bg a'emfpg]

cf}krfl/s k/LIf0f

cfj]bgsf] k|sfzg

cfljisf/ tyf ;f/jfg k/LIf0f

:jLs[lt tyf k|sfzg

lj/f]wsf k|lqmofx¿

dfly lbPsf] /]vfs+g s]xL k]6]G6 sfof{nox¿n] k]6]G6k|bfg ubf{ ckgfpg] k|lqmof x'g\ . o:tf] k|lqmofk]6]G6 sfof{no cg"?k km/s klg x'g ;Sb5 .

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Pp6f cfljisf/nfO{ k]6]G6 ug{ slt

vr{ nfU5 <

vr{ b]z cg';f/ km/s x'G5 / b]zleq klg

cfljisf/sf] k|s[lt To;sf] hl6ntf, jlsnsf]

z'Ns, cfj]bgsf] ;do / k]6]G6 sfof{non] k/LIf0f

ubf{ p7fOPsf] ljifosf] cfwf/df klg z'Ns km/s

x'g ;S5 .

k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg / tT;DaGwL ;Def/nfO{ dWogh/

/fvL vr{ ;xL tl/sfn] lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .

· olb tkfO{ k"j{jtL{ snfsf] vf]hL ug]{ sfo{df

ljz]if1sf] ;]jfdf lge{/ x'g'x'G5 eg] To;

cj:yfdf To:tf] vf]hL sfo{df vr{ hf]l8Psf]

x'G5 .

· b]z cg';f/ ;/sf/L b:t'/ km/s x'g

;Sb5 . tkfO{sf] ;DalGwt /fli6«o jf If]qLo

k]6]G6sf] sfof{non] tkfO{nfO{ z'Ns ;+/rgfsf]

ljj/0f pknAw u/fpg ;Sb5 . s]xL b]zx¿n]

SMES sf] nflu jf OG6/g]6åf/f cfj]bg

a'emfpFbf cfj]bsnfO{ z'Nsdf s]xL 5'6 k|bfg

ug]{ ub{5 . o;sf] cltl/Qm s]xL b]zx¿n]

cltl/Qm z'Ns a'emfPdf l56f] hfFrsf] ;]jf

k|bfg ug]{ ub{5 .

· olb tkfO{ btf{ k|lqmof -h:t}M k]6]G6;DaGwL

;'emfj, k]6]G6 cfj]bgsf] d:of}bf tof/ kfg{,

cf}krfl/s lrqf+sg ug{ / k]6]G6 sfof{nol;t

kqfrf/ ug{_ k]6]G6 Ph]G6÷jlsnsf] ;]jfdf

lge{/ ug'{ x'G5 eg] tkfO{nfO{ cltl/Qm vr{

Joxf]g'{ kg]{ x'G5 .

· k]6]G6sf] sfof{noaf6 Psk6s k]6]G6 k|bfgeO{ ;s]kl5 To:tf] k]6]G6sf] j}wtfnfO{sfod /fVg tkfO{n] ;fdfGotof jflif{s?kdf ;Def/ jf gjLs/0f z'Nsa'emfpg' kg]{ x'G5 .

· olb tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] vf]h ljb]zdf k]6]G6ug]{ lg0f{o ug'{ x'G5 eg] To; cj:yfdf;DalGwt b]zdf nfUg ;Sg] ;/sf/L b:t'/,cg'jfb z'Ns / :yfgLo k]6]G6 Ph]G6 k|of]uu/] jfkt nfUg] z'Ns -w]/}h;f] b]zx¿dfljb]zL cfj]bssf] nflu rflxg] cfjZostfxf]_ ;d]tnfO{ dWogh/ /fVg' kb{5 .

· olb s'g} vf]h ;"IdhLjl;t ;DalGwt 5 /hxfF To:tf] ;"IdhLj jf h}ljs kbfy{ s'g}dfGotf k|fKt Gofo 3/df bflvnf ug'{kg]{ x'G5eg] tkfO{n] bflvnf vr{, e08f/0f / j:t'utk/LIf0fsf] z'Ns a'emfpg' kg]{ x'G5 .

;+s6sfnLg :jrflnt ljB'tLo �o'hg(EAT-SET), gfOh]l/og 8fS6/ cf]e]df] cf]efh]åf/fcfljis[t / k]6]G6 ul/Psf], o;n] la/fdLsf]cfGtl/s /Qm>jfsf] afXok"lt{ ug{ ;xof]uub{5 . o;sf] pTkfbgnfO{ EAT-SET åf/fahf/Ls/0f ul/Psf] 5 / k|yd cf}ifwL /z'4Ls/0fdf k|of]u x'G5 .

@!

k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg slxn] a'emfpg] <;fdfGotof tkfO{l;t k]6]G6 cfj]bg d:of}bf tof/kfg]{ ;Dk"0f{ hfgsf/L k|fKt eP kZrft\ k]6]G6;+/If0fsf] nflu cfj]bg lbg' plrt x'G5 . tyflkk]6]G6 cfj]bg a'emfpg] pko'Qm ;do s'g xf] eg]/lg0f{o lngsf] nflu cfj]bsnfO{ lgDglnlvttYox¿n] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5 . tkfO{sf] cfj]bg;dod} a'emfpgsf] nflu lgDg sf/0fx¿ ;dfj]z5g\ M· ljZjJofkL ?kdf w]/}h;f] b]zx¿df -ckjfbsf]

?kdf ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf, k[i7 @@ sf]sf]i7 x]g'{;\_ k]6]G6 klxnf] cfj]bgstf{sf]cfwf/df k|bfg ug]{ ul/G5 . t;y{ tkfO{n]cfj]bg l56f] a'emfpg' clt dxTjk"0f{ 5lsgls tkfO{n] s'g} lglZrt cfljisf/dfcfj]bg l56f] a'emfpg' eof] eg] tkfO{n]cfkm\gf] cfljisf/ csf{l;t u'dfpg]8/ /xFb}g .

· olb tkfO{n] cfly{s ;xof]u jf tkfO{sf]cfljisf/nfO{ Jofkf/Ls/0f ug{ rfxg' x'G5eg] k]6]G6sf] nflu l56f] cfj]bg lbg' ePdfTof] pkof]uL x'G5 .

· ;DalGwt k]6]G6sf] sfof{non] k]6]G6 k|bfgu/]kZrft\ dfq ;fdfGotof Tof] nfu" x'g]x'G5 / of] k|bfg ug]{ k|lqmofn] s]xL jif{ lng;S5 . -k[i7 @^ x]g'{;\_

tyflk tkfO{sf] cfljisf/ tof/ x'g] lalQs} k]6G6cfj]bgsf] nflu xtf/ ug'{eof] eg] lgDg sf/0fn]ubf{ s]xL ;d:of x'g ;Sb5 M· olb tkfO{n] l56f] cfj]bg lbg' eof] /

tTkZrft tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] vf]hdf s'g} kl/jt{gug'{eof] eg] tkfO{sf] vf]hsf] d"n ljj/0fdfkl/jt{g ug{ ;Dej x'Fb}g .

· tkfO{n] Psk6s Pp6f b]z jf If]qdf cfj]bgu/L ;s]kl5 tkfO{nfO{ Joj;foL ug{ rfxg]cGo b]zx¿df cfj]bg btf{ To;sf] nfelngsf] nflu tkfO{nfO{ ;fdfGotof !@ dlxgfnfU5 . -k|fyldstf ldltsf] JofVofsf] nfluk[i7 #) x]g'{;\_ olb ljleGg b]zx¿df lbg]cfj]bg z'Ns / ;Def/ z'Ns tkfO{sf]sDkgLsf] nflu Hofb} g} pRr x'G5 eg] of]Pp6f ;d:of x'g ;Sb5 . of] ;d:ofnfO{Go"g kfg]{ Pp6f pkfo s] x'g ;Sb5 eg]tkfO{n] k]6]G6 ;xof]u ;lGw k|of]u u/L #)dlxgf;Ddsf] cg'jfbsf] e'QmfgL / /fli6«oz'Ns :yut ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 . -k[i7 #@ /## x]g'{;\_

k]6]G6 cfj]bg s'g ;dodf eg]{ af/] lg0f{o lnFbfPp6f s'/fsf] Wofgdf /fVg' kg]{ x'G5, Tof] s] eg]tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] vf]hsf] ;fj{hlgs ug'{ k"j{ cfj]bglbO;s]sf] x'g'kg]{5 . cfj]bg lbg'k"j{ ;fj{hlgsug'{ -pbfx/0fsf] nflu ahf/ k/LIf0fsf] nflu,nufgLstf{ jf cGo Jofj;flos ;fem]bf/Lsf] nflu_k/]df tkfO{n] uf]kgLotfsf] kq jf ;fj{hlgs gug]{;Demf}tfkqdf x:tfIf/ ug'{ ePkl5 dfq ;fj{hlgsug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 .

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k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg a'emfpg' k"j{ s'g} vf]hnfO{ uf]Ko

/fVg' sltsf] h?/L 5 <

olb tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] vf]hdfly k]6]G6 k|fKt ug]{

rfxgf /fVg'ePsf] 5 eg] Tof] vf]hnfO{ cfj]bg

ug'{ k"j{ uf]Ko /fVg' clt cfjZos 5 . cfj]bg

a'emfpg' k"j{ olb tkfO{sf] vf]h ;fj{hlgs ePsf]

5 eg] To;n] tkfO{sf] vf]hsf] gjLgtdnfO{ Iflt

k'¥ofpg] 5 / olb s'g} sfg"gn] cltl/Qm ;do

k|bfg u/]sf] 5}g eg] tkfO{sf] vf]h k]6]G6of]Uo

gx'g ;Sb5 .

t;y{, s'g} klg vf]hx¿, cg';Gwfgstf{x¿ /

sDkgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg ga'emfP;Dd

cfkm\gf] vf]h ;fj{hlgs ug]{ sfo{af6 cfkm" cnu

/xg'kb{5 .

klxnf] lgj]bg k|:t'lt lj?4 klxnf] vf]h

w]/}h;f] b]zx¿df s'g} vf]hdf k]6]Gsf] cfj]bg

ug]{ klxnf] JolQmnfO{ k]6]G6 k|bfg ug]{ ul/G5 .

o;sf] ckjfbsf] ?kdf ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf

/x]sf] 5 . hxfF klxnf] vf]hsf] k|0ffnL nfu"

5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf olb p:t} k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg

btf{ ePdf, klxnf] vf]hstf{ h;n] Tof] vf]hsf]

kl/sNkgf u/L To;nfO{ Jojxf/df ptf/]sf] 5

To:tf] JolQmnfO{ k]6]G6 k|bfg ug]{ ul/G5 gls

k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg klxn] btf{ ePsf] cfwf/df .

klxnf] vf]hsf] k|0ffnL cGtu{t olb s'g} vf]hstf{n]

cfkm\gf] vf]h k|dfl0ft ug{ rfxG5 eg] To:tf]

JolQmn] Jojl:yt, x:tfIfl/t / ldlt ;d]t pNn]v

ePsf] k|of]uzfnfsf] k|ltlnlk /fVg' pko'Qm x'G5

/ o:tf] k|of]uzfnfsf] k|ltlnlk s'g} csf]{ sDkgL

jf vf]hstf{l;t s'g} ljjfb pTkGg ePdf k|df0f

:j?k k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

cGt/f{li6«o cfj]bg g+= PCT/IOB01/00706

df]afOn kmf]g rfh{ ug{ ;'wfl/Psf] j:t'

@#

cg'u|x cjlw (Grace Period) eg]sf] s] xf] <s]xL b]zx¿sf] sfg"gn] vf]hstf{åf/f cfkm\gf]vf]h ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] jf cfj]bsn] cfjb]ga'emfPsf] ldltn] ^ jf !@ dlxgf;Ddsf] cg'u|xcjlw k|bfg u/]sf] kfOG5 . h;n] ubf{ To:tf];fj{hlgsLs/0fsf] sf/0fn] Tof] vf]hn] cfkm\gf]k]6]G6of]Uo Ifdtf ;dfKt x'Fb}g . To:tf b]zx¿dfsDkgLn] cfkm\gf] vf]h ;fj{hlgsLs/0f s'g} Jofkf/k|bz{gL jf sDkgLsf] k'l:tsf jf k|fljlws k'l:tsfdfk|sflzt u/L cg'u|x cjlwsf] cjlwleq k]6]G6sf]cfj]bg a'emfpg] ub{5g\ . h;n] ubf{ cfkm\gf]vf]hsf] k]6]G6 of]UotfnfO{ sfod /fVg'sf] ;fy}k]6]G6 k|fKt ug]{ sfo{af6 klg al~rt x'Fb}gg\ .

tyflk of] ;a} b]zx¿df 5}g . slxn]sflxF cfkm\gf]b]zsf] cg'u|x cjlwdf lge{/ /xbfF tkfO{n] tkfO{sf]rfxgf cg'?k cGo ahf/df hxfF cg'u|x cjlwpknAw 5}g To:tf] ahf/df cfkm\gf] vf]h k]6]G6ug]{ af6f] aGb ug{ klg ;Sg' x'G5 .

c:yfoL k]6]G6 cfj]bgx¿s]xL b]zx¿df -ci6«]lnof, Sofg8f, ef/t / ;+o'Qm/fHo cd]l/sf ;lxt_ cfj]bsx¿nfO{ c:yfoLk]6]G6sf] cfj]bg eg{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 .c:yfoL k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg k|0ffnLdf sd vr{sf]k|j]z ljGb'sf] ?kdf lnPsf] kfOG5 . To;kl5k"0f{ k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg eg{sf] nflu cfj]bsn] Psjif{;Ddsf] nflu kv{g' kg]{ x'G5 . c:yfoL k]6]G6sf]cfj]bs s;/L sfd ub{5 eGg] s'/fsf] lj:t[tljj/0f b]zcg';f/ km/s eP klg, s]xL :j?kx¿

h'g ;fdfGotof c? b]zn] klg cjnDag ug]{rflxF lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M�· c:yfoL k]6]G6sf] cfj]bgx¿sf] ;fdfGotof

;f/jfg\ k/LIf0f x'Fb}g .· k"0f{ k]6]G6 cfj]bgsf] t'ngfdf o;df a'emfpg'

kg]{ ;/sf/L b:t'/ sd 5 .· c:yfoL cfj]bgdf bfaLx¿ ;dfj]z ug'{

cfjZos 5}g . tyflk o;df vf]hsf] k"0f{ljj/0f cfjZos x'G5 .

cGt/f{li6«o cfj]bg g+= PCT/EP02/05212.

Broadspectrum 2-amino-benzoxazole

sulfonamide HIV protease inhibitors

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k]6]G6 cfj]bgsf] ;+/rgf s:tf] x'G5<

k]6]G6 cfj]bgsf w]/} :j?k x'G5g\ M�

· o;n] k]6]G6sf] sfg"gL ;Ldf lgwf{/0f

ub{5 .

· o;n] vf]hsf] k|s[ltsf] JofVof ug'{sf] ;fy}

o;df vf]hnfO{ s;/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ eGg]

lgb]{zg klg ;dfj]z x'G5 .

· o;n] vf]hstf{, k]6]G6sf] dflns /

cGo sfg"gL ;"rgfsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f k|bfg

ub{5 .

ljZjel/ k]6]G6 cfj]bgsf] ;+/rgf Ps} vfn] x'G5g\,

h;df cg'/f]w, ljj/0f, bfaL, /]vfs+g -cfjZostf

ePdf_ / Pp6f ;f/f+z ;dfj]z ePsf x'G5g\ .

k]6]G6sf] b:tfj]h vf]hsf] k|s[lt / k|fljlws

If]qsf] k|s[ltsf] cfwf/df s]xL kfgfb]lv ;of}+

kfgf;Dd nfdf] x'g ;S5 .

cg'/f]w

cg'/f]wdf vf]hsf] hfgsf/L a'emfpg] lzif{s, cfj]bg

ldlt, k|fyldstf ldlt / gfdfjnLsf] tYofs+ h:t}

cfj]bs / vf]hstf{sf] gfd / 7]ufgf ;dfj]z

ePsf] x'G5 .

ljj/0f

vf]hsf] lnlvt ljj/0fn] vf]hsf] af/]df kof{Kt

ljj/0f k|:t't ug{ ;Sg'kb{5, tfls To:t} k|fljlws

If]qdf bIf /x]sf] hf] sf]xLn] klg lagf s'g} gjLgtd\

k|of;af6, vf]hsf] ljj/0f tyf /]vfs+gsf] dfWodaf6

vf]hsf] k'gM lgdf{0f / To;nfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{

;sf];\ . olb o:tf] x'g ;Sb}g eg], k]6]G6 k|bfg

gx'g klg ;S5 jf cbfntdf r'gf}tL lbPdf o;nfO{

lkmtf{ nfg klg ;lsG5 .

bfaLx¿

bfaLn] k]6]G6sf] ;+/If0fsf] bfo/f lgwf{/0f

ub{5 . k]6]G6 ul/Psf] vf]]hsf] nflu bfaL ;fx|}

g} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ . olb Tof] bfaL ;xL tl/sfn]

d:of}bf ul/Psf] 5}g eg] Pp6f d"Nojfg\ vf]h

d"NoxLg vf]hsf] ?kdf kl/0ft x'g ;Sb5 .

h;nfO{ ;lhn};Fu 5Ng jf To;sf] ;]/f]km]/f]df

c? gd"gf tof/ kfg{ ;lsG5 .

k]6]G6sf] d'2f dfldnfdf s'g} k]6]G6 a}w 5 ls 5}g

/ s'g} k]6]G6sf] cltqmd0f ePsf] 5 ls 5}g eg]/

lgwf{/0f ug{sf] nflu ;j{k|yd bfaLnfO{ g} JofVof

ug]{ ul/G5 . k]6]G6 cfj]bgsf] d:of}bf vf; ul/sg

bfaLsf] xsdf ljz]if1sf] /fo ;Nnfx lng' ;a}eGbf

dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 .

@%

bfaLsf pbfx/0fx¿æcfFvfsf] gfgL klxrfg k|0ffnLÆ gfds lzif{s/x]sf] k]6]G6 g+= o'P; $^$!#$( sf] k|yd b'O{bfaLx¿!= Ps JolQmsf] klxrfg ug]{ k4lt h;df M

Ps JolQmsf] sDtLdf cfFvfsf] gfgLsf] Psefu / cfFvfsf] t:jL/ e08f/0f ug]{, s'g}ckl/lrt JolQm h;sf] cfFvf / cfFvfsf]gfgL 5 To;nfO{ pHofnf] agfpg], ckl/lrtJolQmsf] cfFvf / cfvfFsf] gfgLsf] sDtLdfPs efu tl:j/ k|fKt ug]{ / k|fKt u/]sf]cfFvfsf] gfgLsf] t:jL/nfO{ e08f/0f u/]sf]tl:j/sf] hfgsf/Ll;t t'ngf u/L ckl/lrtJolQmsf] klxrfg ug]{ .

@= klxnf] bfaLsf] k4ltdf cfFvfn] gfgL pHofnf]agfpFbf cfFvfsf] gfgLnfO{ k"j{ lgwf{l/tcfsf/df nfg' /x]sf] x'G5, sDtLdf gfgLsf]efusf] k|fKt tl:j/nfO{ k"j{ lgwf{l/t cfsf/df/x]sf] gfgLl;t t'ngf ug]{,

/]vfs+g/vf+sgx¿n] vf]hsf] k|fljlws ljj/0fx¿nfO{;f/f+z / b[ZofTds ?kdf k|:t't u/]sf] kfOG5 .o;n] k|sflzt ljj/0fdf ;dfj]z u/]sf] ;"rgf,cf}hf/ jf kl/0ffdsf] af/]df JofVof ug{ ;xof]uk'¥ofpb5 . /]vf+sgx¿ ;w}+ cfj]bgsf] cfjZosefu rflxF xf]Ogg\ . olb vf]h s]xL ug]{ k|lqmofjf k4ltsf] nflu xf] eg] /]vf+sg k|foMh;f]cfjZos x'Fb}g . olb /]vf+sg cfjZos x'G5 eg]To;sf] :jLsfo{tfnfO{ cf}krfl/s lgodn] lgb]{lztub{5 .

/]vf+sgsf] pbfx/0f

Hofs jf bfo/ 5'6fpg] pks/0f k]6]G6 g+= l8O{!)@#)!&( pQm vf]hn] ;jf/L ;fwgsf] rSsf prfNg]gjLgtd\ Hofs pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . o;n] ;xof]uL;+/rgf -!!_ sf] k|of]u ub{5 h;n] rSsfx¿sf]-!_ aflx/L 3]/f -$_ ;Dd l38b5 . Hofsn] ;jf/L;fwgsf] c+unfO{ geO{ rSsfnfO{ k|ToIf ?kdf ;+rflntub{5 . t;y{ Hofssf] Go"g nDafO{n] klg rSsfnfO{hldg eGbf dfly prfNg kof{Kt x'G5 .

;f/f+zvf]hsf] ;f/e"t ;+If]k g} ;f/f+z xf] . k]6]G6sf]sfof{noåf/f k]6]G6 k|sflzt ePkl5 ;f/f+z klxnf]k[i7df ;dfj]z ul/G5 ;f/f+znfO{ slxn]sflxF;DalGwt k]6]G6 sfof{nosf] k]6]G6 k/LIfsåf/f;'wf/ jf d:of}bf klg ug]{ ul/G5 .

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tkfO{sf] vf]h s'g ldltb]lv ;+/lIft x'G5 <

h'g ldltdf tkfO{nfO{ k]6]G6 k|bfg ul/Psf] x'G5

tkfO{sf] clwsf/ klg ;f]xL ldltaf6 k|efjsf/L

?kaf6 nfu" x'G5 / olb t]>f] kIfaf6 tkfO{sf]

vf]hsf] cglws[t ta/af6 k|of]u eO/x]sf] 5 eg]

To; lj?4 sfg"gL sf/jfxL ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 . s]xL

b]zx¿df tkfO{n] k]6]G6 k|fKt ul/;s]kZrft\ tkfO{sf]

k]6]G6 cfj]bg k|sfzg ePsf] ldlt -;fdfGotof

klxnf] cfj]bg a'emfPsf] !* dlxgfkl5_ / k]6]G6

k|bfg u/]sf] ldltsf] cjlwleq tkfO{sf] k]6]G6sf]

lj?4df ePsf] cltqmd0fsf] lj?4df To:tf]

cltqmd0fsf/Lsf] lj?4 d'2f bfo/ ug{ ;Sg'

x'G5 . k|sfzg / k]6]G6 k|bfg u/]sf] cjlwaLrsf]

nflu tkfO{sf] k]6]G6 cltqmd0f ePsf]df tkfO{n]

dgfl;j dflkmssf] Ifltk"lt{sf] bfaL ug{;Sg'

x'G5 . t/ of] ;a} b]zx¿df gx'g ;Sb5 -o;sf]

nflu k[i7 #( b]lv $! x]g'{;\_

s]xL b]zx¿df Pp6} vf]hsf] nflu tkfO{n] k]6]G6sf]

cfj]bg / pkof]uL gd"gfsf] cfj]bg a'emfpg ;Sg'

x'g]5 . of] slxn]sflxF dfq ul/G5 / o:tf] ug'{sf]

k5fl8 s] /x]sf] 5 eg] k]6]G6 k|bfg geP;Dd

pkof]uL gd"gfsf] ;+/If0f -h'g ;fdfGtof l56f]

k|bfg ul/G5_ af6 nfeflGjt xf];\ eGg] p2]Zoaf6

o:tf] ul/G5 .

k]6]G6 ;+/If0f k|fKt ug{ slt ;do nfU5<k]6]G6 sfof{noåf/f k]6]G6 k|bfg ug]{ ;do sfof{no/ k|fljlws If]q cg';f/ km/s x'G5 / of] ;dos]xL dlxgf b]lv s]xL jif{;Dd nfUg ;S5 .;fdfGotof @ b]lv % jif{;Dd nfUg ;S5 . s]xLk]6]G6sf sfof{nox¿n] s]xL vf; cj:yfdfcfj]bsn] cg'/f]w u/]df l56f] k]6]G6 k|bfg ug]{k|lqmof :yflkt klg u/]sf] 5 .

cGt/f{li6«o cfj]bs g+= PCT/FR/2004/000264

e"�pku|xsf] wf/0ff tyf cGt/LIfo ultlgoGq0f ug]{ cfs[lt

k|bfg ul/Psf] k]6]G6sf] eflifs z'l4s/0fPs k6s k]6]G6 k|bfg u/L ;s]kl5 k]6]G6sf]eflifs z'l4s/0f ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . z'l4s/0fug'{sf] p2]Zo s] xf] eg] k]6]G6df Tof] klg vf;ul/sg bfaLdf s'g} uNtL jf zAbx¿ 5'6]sf] gxf];\eg]/ x]g{sf] nflu ul/G5 .

@&

k]6]G6sf] ;+/If0f slt ;do;Dd /xG5<

olb gjLs/0f / dd{t z'Ns ;dod} a'emfPsf] 5

/ ;f] cjlwleq To:tf] k]6]G6 cj}wflgs jf v08g

/x]sf] egL s'g} cg'/f]w gcfPdf cfj]bg a'emfPsf]

ldltb]lv @) jif{sf] nflu k|bfg ug]{ ul/G5 . h'g

rngrNtLsf] cGt/f{li6«o k|rng klg /x]sf] 5 .

dflysf] Joj:yf k]6]G6sf] sfg"gL hLjgl;t ;DalGwt

5 t/ olb Tof] k]6]G6n] c+ufn]sf] k|ljlw c;fdflos

eof], Joj;flos x'g ;s]g jf To:tf] k]6]G6df

cfwfl/t pTkfbgn] ahf/df ;kmntf kfpg ;s]g

eg] To; cj:yfdf Tof] k]6]G6sf] Jofj;flos jf

cfly{s hLjg ;dfKt ePsf] dflgG5 . oL ;a}

cj:yfdf k]6]G6 wf/sn] dd{t / gjLs/0f z'Ns

gltg]{ lg0f{o klg ug{ ;Sb5 . h; cg';f/ @)

jif{sf] ;+/If0fsf] cjlw cufj} g} ;dfKt u/L

;fj{hlgs If]qleq kfg{ ;lsG5 .

s]xL b]zx¿df ;+/If0f @) jif{ eGbf a9L nDAofpg

klg ;lsG5 jf s]xL vf; cj:yfdf k"/s ;+/If0fsf]

k|df0f kq klg k|bfg ug{ ;lsG5 . pbfx/0fsf]

nflu cf}ifwL ;DaGwL k]6]G6x¿sf] nflu ;DalGwt

;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 ahf/Ls/0fsf] :jLs[lt k|fKt

ug{ s]xL ;do nfUg] eO{ Joj;foLs/0fdf ljnDa

x'g] x'gfn] of] k|df0f kq k|bfg ug]{ ul/G5 . k'/s

;+/If0fsf] k|df0f kqsf] ;Lldt cjlw x'G5 /

;fdfGotof of] kfFr jif{eGbf a9L x'Fb}g .

ljrf/fwLg k]6]G6w]/} sDkgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] pTkfbgdf ljrf/fwLgk]6]G6 jf k]6]G6sf] nflu cfj]bg u/]sf] eGg]zAbx¿ /fv]sf x'G5g\ / slxn]sfFlx o:tf zAb;Fu;Fu} k]6]G6 k|bfg ul/;s]kl5 sDkgLx¿n]pTkfbg k]6]G6 eO;s]sf] egL ;"rgf ;d]t lbg]Pp6f ;femf k|rng ePsf] 5 / o:tf] ;"rgfdf

k]6]G6sf] gDa/ klg ;dfj]z ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .oBlk oL zAbfjnLn] cltqmd0fsf] lj?4 s'g}sfg"gL ;+/If0f pknAw gu/fP klg o;n] cGoJolQmx¿nfO{ Tof] pTkfbgsf] ;du| jf To;sf]gjLgtd kIfx¿sf] gSsn gu/f];\ eGg]r]tfjgLsf] ?kdf sfd ub{5 .

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k]6]G6 cfj]bg btf{ ug{sf] nflu s] tkfO{nfO{ k]6]G6

Ph]G6sf] cfjZostf kb{5 <

k]6]G6 cfj]bgsf] tof/L / k]6]G6 k|bfg ubf{sf]

k|lqmof cfkm+}df Pp6f hl6n sfd xf] . k]6]G6

;+/If0fsf] nflu cfj]bg lbg' eGgfn] lgDg s'/fx¿nfO{

hgfpFb5 .

· tkfO{sf] vf]hnfO{ k]6]G6 cof]Uo gt'Nofcf];\

eGg] p2]Zon] k"j{jtL{ snfsf] klxrfg ug{sf]

nflu k"j{jtL{ vf]h ug{',

· sfg"gL tyf k|fljlws efiffnfO{ ;+nUg u/L

vf]hsf] bfaL tyf k"0f{ ljj/0f n]vg ug'{,

· k]6]G6 cfj]bgsf] ;f/jfg k/LIf0f x'Fbf /fli6«o

jf If]qLo k]6]G6sf] sfof{nol;t kqfrf/ ug{',

· k]6]G6 sfof{noaf6 cg'/f]w eP cg';f/

cfj]bgdf cfjZos ;+zf]wg ug{' .

oL ;a} kIfx¿sf] nflu k]6]G6;DaGwL sfg"g /

k]6]G6 sfof{nosf] cEof;af/] ulx/f] 1fgsf]

cfjZostf kb{5 . sfg"gL jf k|fljlws ;xof]u

oBlk afWofTds geP tfklg o:tf] ;xof]u lng

l;kmfl/; ub{5f}+ . k]6]G6sf] Ph]G6 hf] l;t sfg"gL

1fg / cg'ej x'g'sf] ;fy} vf]hsf] k|fljlws If]qdf

k|fljlws k[i7e"ld ;d]t /x]sf] 5 eg] To:tf]

k]6]G6sf] Ph]G6 dfly lge{/ ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .

w]/}h;f] sfg"gn] ljb]zL cfj]bssf] k|ltlglwTj

;DalGwt b]zd} btf{ /x]sf] k]6]G6sf] Ph]G6 dfkm{t

x'g' kg]{ Joj:yf /fv]sf] kfOG5 .

k]6]G6 g+= EP1165393

æjfo'nfO{ t/ndf k"/0f ug]{ / t/nnfO{ efF8f]dfk"/0fÆ ljifos 6f]a{g �nfgjf]osf] k]6]G6nfO{ ;"rLA/S df btf{ ul/Psf] 5, h'g Pp6f 8]lg; demf}nfpBf]u xf] . kl5 uP/ of] /fd|f] laqmL x'g] pTkfbgx'g k'Uof] .

@(

s] tkfO{n] Pp6} cfj]bgaf6 w]/} vf]hsf] ;+/If0fsf]

nflu cfj]bg ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 <

w]/}h;f] k]6]G6sf sfg"gx¿n] cfj]bgdf sltj6f

ljleGg vf]hx¿ ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ s]xL

lglZrt ;Ldf tf]lslbPsf] x'G5 . To:tf] ;Ldfdf

vf]hsf] PsTjsf] tyfslyt cfjZostf klg

kb{5 . ha ls s]xL k]6]G6 sfg"gn] vf]hsf]

PsTjsf] cGo k|sf/sf] cfjZostf -pbfx/0fsf]

nflu ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf] k]6]G6 sfg"g_ tf]s]sf]

kfOG5 eg] cGon] -h:t} o"/f]lkog k]6]G6 cg'aGw

/ k]6]G6 ;xof]u ;GwL_ Pp6} cfj]bgdf ;dfj]z

u/fpgsf] nflu vf]hx¿nfO{ cGt;{DalGwt u/fO{

Pp6f gjLgtd cjwf/0ff cGtu{t cfj]bg lbg

cg'dlt k|bfg u/]sf] kfOG5 .s

olb vf]hsf] PsTjsf] cefj ePdf cfj]bsn] of

t bfaLx¿nfO{ ;Lldt ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 jf cfj]bgnfO{

ljeQm -k|fvl08s cfj]bgx¿_ ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .

k|of]u x'g] sfg"gsf] leGgtfsf] kl/0ffd :j?k,

s]xL b]zdf Pp6} k]6]G6 cfj]bg kof{Kt x'g ;Sb5

eg] cGodf oxL sfdsf] nflu b'O{ jf ;f] eGbf

a9L cfj]bgx¿ a'emfpg' kg]{ x'G5 .

;+lIfKt hfFr ;"lr

· s] tkfO{sf] vf]h k]6]G6 of]Uo 5 <

k"j{jtL{ snfsf] vf]hL ug'{;\ / k]6]G6

tYofs+x¿sf] /fd|f] k|of]u ug'{; .

· k]6]G6 cfj]bg bfo/ ug]{M ;DalGwt

k|fljlws If]qdf / vf; u/Lsg bfaLsf]

d:of}bf ug]{ bIf k]6]G6 Ph]G6÷jlsnsf]

;xof]u lng] s'/fdf Wofg k'¥ofpg' xf];\ .

· cfj]bgsf] ;doM l56f], l9nf] cfj]bg

lbg]sf] sf/0fnfO{ dWogh/ /fVg'xf];\ /

tkfO{sf] k]6]G6 cfj]bg bfo/ ug]{ ;jf]{Qd

;dosf] af/]df ;f]Rg'xf];\ .

· ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ug]{M tkfO{sf] vf]hsf]

k]6]G6 x'g] of]UotfnfO{ gf]S;fgL x'g] lsl;dn]

cfkm\gf] vf]hnfO{ w]/} l56f] To;sf] ;"rgf

;fj{hlgs gug'{xf];\ .

· dd{t z'NsM tkfO{sf] k]6]G6x¿nfO{ axfn

/fvL /fVgsf] nflu dd{t jf gjLs/0f

z'Ns ;do d} a'emfpg' kg]{ s'/fdf Wofg

lbg'xf];\ .

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afXo b]zdf k]6]G6x¿sf] nflu cfj]bglsg lbg] <k]6]G6x¿ k|fb]lzs clwsf/ x'g\ . eGg'sf] tfTko{s] xf] eg] h'g b]zx¿df jf If]qx¿df k]6]G6sf];+/If0f k|fKt ePsf] 5 ;f]xL b]z jf If]qdf dfq};f] vf]h ;+/lIft x'G5 . csf]{ zAbdf eGg'kbf{,olb tkfO{nfO{ s'g} cd's b]zn] k]6]G6 k|bfg u/]sf]5}g eg] tkfO{sf] vf]h To; cd's b]zdf ;+/lIftxF'b}g . h;n] ubf{ hf] sf]xLn] klg tkfO{sf] vf]hnfO{To; b]zdf agfpg, k|of]u ug{, cfoft ug{ jfa]Rg ;Sg]5 .

ljb]zL /fi6«x¿df k]6]G6sf] ;+/If0f ugf{n] tkfO{sf]sDkgLnfO{ tL b]zx¿df k]6]G6 ul/Psf] vf]hdfPsflwsf/ k|bfg ub{5 . o;sf] cltl/Qm afXob]zdf k]6]G6 u/]df tkfO{sf] sDkgLnfO{ cfkm\gf]k]6]G6 ljb]zL kmd{x¿nfO{ k|of]u ug]{ cg'dlt k|bfgug'{sf] ;fy} afXo ;DaGw ljsf; ug]{ / c?l;tsf];fem]bf/L dfkm{t tL ahf/df cfkm\gf] kx'Fr k'¥ofpg;xof]u k'¥ofpFb5 .

#= afx\o b]zdf k]6]G6 ljb]zdf k]6]G6 ;+/If0fsf] nflu slxn]cfj]bg ug]{ <s'g} cd's vf]hsf] nflu lbg'ePsf] klxnf] cfj]bgsf]ldltnfO{ k|fylds ldlt elgG5 / tTkZrft\ tkfO{n]cGo b]zx¿df !@ dlxgfleq -cyf{t\ k|fyldscjlwleq_ cfj]bg ug'{ ePdf tkfO{sf] cfj]bgn]k|fyldstf kfpFb5 . eGgfn] olb s;}n] tkfO{sf]k|fylds ldlt kZrft\ p:t} vf]hsf] nflu cfj]bglbPsf] /x]5 eg] To; cj:yfdf tkfO{sf] cfj]bgn]k|fyldstf kfpFb5 . To; sf/0f k|fylds cjlwleqljb]zdf k]6]G6sf] nflu cfj]bg bfo/ ug'{ plrtx'G5 .

k|fylds cjlwsf] ;do ;dfKt ePkl5 / k]6]G6sf]sfof{noåf/f k]6]G6sf] klxnf] k|sfzg geP;Dd-;fdfGotof k|fylds ldltsf] !* dlxgf kl5_tkfO{n] cGo b]zx¿df ;f]xL vf]hsf] ;+/If0fsf]nflu cfj]bg lbg ;Sg] ;Defjgf /xG5 t/ tkfO{n]lbPsf] k"j{ cfj]bgsf] xsdf k|fyldstfsf] bfaLug{ ;Sg'x'Gg . tkfO{sf] vf]h Psk6s k|sflzteO;s]kl5 tkfO{n] ljb]zL /fi6«x¿df k]6]G6 ;+/If0fk|fKt ug{ ;Sg' x'Gg . tkfO{sf] vf]hn] cfkm\gf]gjLgtf u'dfPsf] sf/0fn] To:tf] ;+/If0f k|fKt ug{g;s]sf] xf] .

cGt/f{li6«o cfj]bg g+= FCT/US02/12182

b"/ lgoGq0f k|0ffnL ljsf; ug]{ pks/0f

#!

tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] vf]hnfO{ sxfF ;+/lIftug'{ k5{ <w]/} b]zx¿df cfkm\gf] vf]hnfO{ ;+/lIft ubf{ Hofb}g} dxFuf] sfo{ ePsf] x'gfn] sDkgLx¿n] s'g�s'gb]zx¿df ;+/If0f rflxg] xf] tL b]zx¿ ;fjwfgLk"j{s5gf}6 ug'{ k5{ . vf]h sxfF k]6]G6 ug]{ eGg] af/]ljrf/ k'¥ofpFbf lgDglnlvt s'/fx¿nfO{ dWogh//fVg' kg]{ x'G5 .· k]6]G6 ul/Psf] pTkfbg sxfF Joj;foLs/0f

x'g] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 <· To:t} pTkfbgsf] nflu x'g ;Sg] d'Vo

ahf/x¿ s'g s'g xf] <· k|To]s nlIft ahf/df k]6]G6 ubf{ nfUg] vr{

s] slt xf] / d]/f] ah]6 slt 5 <· d'Vo k|lt:kwL{x¿ sxfF cjl:yt 5g\ <· pTkflbt j:t' sxfF agfOG5 <· s'g} cd's b]zdf k]6]G6nfO{ nfu" ug{ sltsf]

ufx|f] x'G5 <

ljb]zdf tkfO{n] k]6]G6 ;+/If0fsf] nflu cfj]bgs;/L ug]{<tkfO{sf] vf]hnfO{ ljb]zdf ;+/If0f ug]{ tLg d'Votl/sf 5g\ M

/fli6«o dfu{ M tkfO{ cfkm'n] rfx]sf] k|To]s/fi6«sf] /fli6«o k]6]G6sf] sfof{nodf rflxg] efiff/ cfjZos z'Ns a'emfO{ k]6]G6sf] cfj]bg ug{;Sg' x'G5 . olb b]zx¿sf] ;+Vof w]/} 5 eg] of]dfu{ af]lemnf] / dxFuf] x'g ;Sb5 .

If]qLo dfu{ M olb s]xL b]zx¿ If]qLo k]6]G6k|0ffnLsf] ;b:o 5g\ eg] To; cj:yfdf tkfO{n]tL ;a} If]qx¿df jf s]xLdf ;DalGwt If]qLosfof{nodf cfj]bg ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 . If]qLo k]6]G6sf]sfof{nox¿ lgDg 5g\M�

· clk|msg af}l4s ;DklQ ;+u7g(www.oapi.wipo.net)

· clk|msg If]qLo af}l4s ;DklQ ;+u7g(www.aripo.wipo.net)

· o'/]lzof k]6]G6 ;+u7g(www.epo.org)

· o'/f]lkog k]6]G6sf] sfof{no(www.epo.org)

· uNkm ;xof]u kl/ifb\sf] k]6]G6sf] sfof{no(www.gulf-patent-office.org.sa)

cGt/f{li6«o cfj]bg g+= PCT/IT98/00133

/]vLo lgoGq0f ug]{ gofF pkfosf] cfljisf/h;nfO{ O6flnog sDkgL Grindi SRL n] k|of]uu¥of] . o;nfO{ pTkfbgsf] Jofkf/Ls/0fdf k]6]G6k|bfg ul/of] .

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;+lIfKt hfFr ;"lr

· k|fb]lzs clwsf/x¿ M k]6]G6x¿ k|fb]lzs

clwsf/ x'g eg]/ ;Demg'xf];\ .

· k|fylds cjlwM ljb]zdf ;+/If0f ug{sf]

nflu cfj]bg ug{ k|fylds cjlwsf] k|of]u

ug'{;\ / clGtd ldltx¿ gu'dfpg' xf];\ h;n]

ubf{ ljb]zdf k]6]G6 ;+/If0f k|fKt ug{ cj/f]w

cfpg ;S5 .

cGt/fli6«o dfu{ M olb tkfO{sf] sDkgLn] k]6]G6

;xof]u ;GwL -lkl;6L_ sf] ;b:o /x]sf] s]xL

b]zx¿df cfkm\gf] vf]hsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ ljsNk

/f]h]df To; cj:yfdf To:tf sDkgLn] cGt/f{li6«o

lkl;6L cfj]bg bfo/ ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . To;f] ug{sf]

nflu tkfO{ lkl;6Ldf x:tfIf/ u/]sf] /fHosf]

gful/s jf afl;Gbf x'g h?/L 5 jf oL b]zx¿

dWo] s'g} Ps b]zdf tkfO{sf] Joj;foLsf] cf}wf]lus

jf Jofkfl/s pkl:ylt x'g cfjZos x'G5 . lkl;6L

cGtu{t Pp6f cGt/f{li6«o cfj]bg u/]df tkfO{n]

lkl;6L cGtu{t /x]sf !@% ;b:o /fi6«df Ps}

;dodf vf]hsf] k]6]G6 ;+/If0f ug{ ;Sg'x'G5

-kl/lzi6fs+ II x]g'{;\ _ o:tf] cfj]bg tkfO{n] of

t /fli6«o jf If]qLo k]6]G6sf] sfof{no jf h]g]ef

l:j6\/Nof08df cjl:yt ljZj af}l4s ;DklQsf]

sfof{no -ljkf]_ df bfo/ ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 .

· sxfF cfj]bg ug]{M tkfO{n] sxfF ;+/If0f

lnPdf tkfO{ nfeflGjt x'g' x'G5 eGg] s'/fnfO{

dWogh/ /fVg'xf];\ / w]/} b]zx¿df

;+/If0f ubf{ nfUg] vr{nfO{ klg dWogh/

/fVg'xf];\ .

· s;/L cfj]bg ug]{ M cfj]bgsf] k|lqmofnfO{

;xh t'Nofpg lkl;6L k|of]u ug]{ af/]

;f]Rg'xf];\ . ;do lng'xf];\ / k]6]G6 ;+/If0fsf]

nflu lg0f{odf k'Ugsf] nflu k]6]G6;DaGwL

;"rgfx¿ pknAw ug'{xf];\ .

cGt/f{li6«o cfj]bg g+= PCT/US2001/028473

EnvironScrub Technologies Corporation

Ps cd]l/sg demf}nf pBf]u xf], h;n] ljb]zLahf/df k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f u¥of], / afXo bz]x?dfbtf{ ;Demf}tf u/L ljZj Jofkf/ ug{ ;Ifd eof] .

##

lkl;6Lsf nfex¿

lkl;6Ln] !@ dlxgfsf] k|fylds cjlwsf] cltl/Qm

yk !* dlxgf pknAw u/fpFb5 h;n] ubf{

cfj]bsx¿nfO{ w]/} b]zx¿df cfkm\gf] pTkfbgsf]

Joj;flos ;DefJotfsf] vf]hL ug]{ / sxfF k]6]G6sf]

;+/If0f lng] eGg] ljifodf lg0f{o lng ;S5g\ .

h;n] ubf{ /fli6«o cfj]bgx¿l;t ;DaGw /x]sf]

cg'jfbsf] vr{ / z'Nssf] e'QmfgLdf ljnDa x'g

hfG5 . cfkm\gf] ljsNk w]/} nfdf] ;do;Dd v'nf

/fVgsf] nflu cfj]bsx¿n] lkl;6Lsf] Jofks

k|of]u ug]{ ub{5g\ .

lkl;6L cGt/f{li6«o vf]h k|ltj]bg / cGt/f{li6«o

vf]h clwsf/Lsf] lnlvt ljrf/af6 klg

cfj]bsx¿n] cfkm\gf] vf]hsf] ;Defljt k]6]G6

of]Uotfaf/] d"Nojfg\ hfgsf/L kfpFb5g\ . oL

b:tfj]hx¿n] lkl;6Lsf cfj]bsx¿nfO{ k]6]G6

;+/If0fsf] nflu cl3 a9\g] ls ga9g] / olb cl3

a9\g] xf] eg] sxfF hfg] eGg] lg0f{odf k'¥ofpgsf]

nflu Pp6f bl/nf] cfwf/sf] ?kdf sfd ub{5 .

cGt/f{li6«o vf]h k|ltj]bgn] ljZje/Laf6 k|fKt

u/]sf] k"j{jtL{ snfsf] ;"rL ;dfj]z u/]sf]

x'G5 . h;nfO{ vf]hsf] nflu ;fGble{s egL

klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o vf]h clwsf/Lsf]

lnlvt ljrf/n] cGt/f{li6«o vf]h k|ltjb]gsf]

kl/0ffdsf] cfwf/df ;Defljt k]6]G6 of]Uotfsf]

ljZn]if0f ug]{ ub{5 .

Pp6f efiffdf n]lvPsf] / Pp6} z'Ns /fvL bfo/

ul/Psf] lkl;6L cfj]bgn] ;a} lkl;6L ;b:o

/fi6«df sfg"gL dfgotf k|fKt ub{5 . o;n] k|To]s

k]6]G6sf] sfof{nodf 5'§f�5'§} cfj]bg bfo/ ubf{

nfUg] vr{nfO{ k|f/lDes ?kdf Go"g ub{5 .

lkl;6LnfO{ s]xL If]qLo k]6]G6 k|0ffnL cGtu{t

cfj]bg ug{ klg k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . lkl;6L

cGtu{t cGt/f{li6«o cfj]bg s;/L ug]{ eGg]

dfu{bz{g tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] /fli6«o k]6]G6sf] sfof{no

/ www.wipo.int/pct pknAw ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 .

) !@ !^ !* @@ @* #)

dlxgf lkl;6L bfo/cfj]bg

cGt/f{li6«o vf]hk|ltj]bg /

lnlvt ljrf/

cGt/f{li6«ok|sfzg

:yfgLo cfj]bgbfo/

-P]lR5s_cGt/f{li6«ok|f/lDes

k/LIf0f dfu

-P]lR5s_k]6]G6of]Uotf af/]

cGt/f{li6«ok|f/lDes k|ltj]bg

/fli6«or/0fdfk|j]z

lkl;6L cfj]bg k|lqmofsf] ?k/]vf

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k]6]G6 ul/Psf] k|ljlwnfO{ tkfO{n] s;/L Joj;foLs/0f

ug'{ x'G5 <

k]6]G6 cfkm}+df Jofj;flos ;kmntfsf] k|lte"lt

xf]Og . cfkm\gf] vf]haf6 nfeflGjt x'gsf] nflu

sDkgLsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ Pp6f oGq dfq

xf] . sDkgLnfO{ oyfy{ nfe pknAw u/fpgsf]

nflu, k]6]G6nfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf k|of]u ug{' h?/L

5 / k]6]G6df cfwfl/t ptkfbgn] ahf/df ;kmntf

kfof] eg] jf sDkgLsf] k|lti7f / df]ndf]nfO{ ug]{

zlQmdf clej[l4 eof] eg] dfq cyf]{kfh{g ug{

;Sb5 . Pp6f k]6]G6 ul/Psf] vf]hnfO{

ahf/df k'¥ofpgsf] nflu sDkgL;Fu w]/} ljsNkx¿

x'G5g\ .

· k]6]G6 ul/Psf] vf]hnfO{ k|ToIf Jofj;foLs/0f

u/]/,

· s;}nfO{ k]6]G6 a]r]/,

· c?nfO{ k]6]G6 k|of]u ug]{ cg'dlt kq lbP/,

· ;+o'Qm nufgL :yfkgf u/]/ jf ;Dk"/s ;DklQ

ePsf;Fu /0fgLlts u7aGwg :yflkt

u/]/ .

$= k]6]G6 ul/Psf] k|ljlwsf]

Joj;foLs/0f

k]6]G6 ul/Psf] pTkfbgnfO{ tkfO{n] ahf/df s;/L

n}hfg' x'G5 <

ahf/df s'g] klg gofF pTkfbgsf] Jofj;flos

;kmntf To;sf] k|fljlws :j?kdf dfq lge{/

/xFb}g . k|fljlws b[li6sf]0faf6 s'g} vf]h k|l;4

x'g;S5 t/ olb To;sf] dfu k|efjsf/L 5}g jf

olb Tof] pTkfbgnfO{ ;xL tl/sfn] ahf/Ls/0f

ul/Psf] 5}g eg] To;n] pkef]QmfnfO{ cfslif{t

ug{ ;Sb}g . t;y{ Jofj;flos ;kmntf cGo

kIfx¿df klg lge{/ ug]{ ub{5 . h:t} ls pTkfbgsf]

9fFrf, cfly{s ;|f]tsf] pknAwtf, k|efjsf/L

ahf/Ls/0f, /0fgLltsf] ljsf; / k|lt:kwL{

jf cGo pTkfbgx¿sf] t'ngfdf Tof]

pTkfbgsf] d"No .

s'g} gjLgtd pTkfbgnfO{ ahf/df n}hfgsf] nflu

Pp6f Jofj;flos of]hgfsf] ljsf; ug'{ pkof]u

x'G5 . Jofj;flos ljrf/sf] ;DefJotf k/LIf0fsf

nflu Jofj;flos of]hgfx? k|efjsf/L cf}hf/

x'g\ . nufgLstf{sxfF kx'Fr k'¥ofpg Jofj;flos

of]hgf cfjZos x'G5, h;af6 tkfO{n] cfkm\gf]

k]6]G6 ul/Psf] pTkfbgnfO{ ahf/df k'¥ofpg

nufgLstf{af6 cfly{s ;|f]t k|fKt ug{

;Sg'x'G5 . Jofj;flos of]hgfdf tkfO{sf] sDkgLsf]

k]6]G6x¿ / k]6]G6 /0fgLltsf] ;"rgf ;dfj]z ug'{

dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . lsgls o;n] tkfO{sf] sDkgLsf]

pTkfbgsf] gjLgtfsf] ;"rs aGg'sf] ;fy} tkfO{sf]

kl/>dL :jefj k|dfl0ft ub}{ cGo sDkgLx¿sf]

k]6]G6x¿df x'g;Sg] cltqmd0fsf] vt/fnfO{ Go"g

ub{5 .

#%

s] tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] k]6]G6 a]Rg ;Sg' x'G5 <tkfO{n] ckfm\gf] k]6]G6 a]Rg ;Sg'x'G5 / o;nfO{k]6]G6 x:tfGt/0f klg elgG5 . o;n] csf]{ JolQmpk/ k]6]G6sf] :jfldTj :yfoL ?kdf x:tfGt/0fub{5 . o:tf] lg0f{o ln+bf w]/} ;fjwfgL / ljrf/k'¥ofpg' kg]{ x'G5 .

tkfO{ cfkm\gf] k]6]G6 cGonfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug'{sf] ;§fcg'dlt kq k|bfg ug'{eof] eg] tkfO{n] k]6]G6sf]afFsL /x]sf] hLjge/ clwsf/ z'Ns -/f]ofN6L_ k|fKtu/L nfeflGjt x'g ;Sg' x'G5 . To;}n] cg'dlt kqk|bfg ug]{ sfo{ cfly{s ?kdf k'/:sf/of]Uo /0fgLltx'g ;S5 . cfkm\gf] k]6]G6 c?nfO{ ;'lDkPdf tkfO{sf]k]6]G6 sfnfGt/df hlt gfkmfof]Uo eP klg tkfO{n];Demf}tf u/] adf]lhdsf] /sdsf] e'QmfgL Psk6skfpg' x'G5 / eljiodf s'g} /f]ofN6L kfpg' x'Gg .

slxn]sfFlx k]6]G6 x:tfGt/0f s]xL cj:yfdf nfebfosx'g ;S5 . olb s'g} k]6]G6 s'g} lglZrt /sdsf]nflu a]lrof] eg] tkfO{n] To;sf] d"No t'?Gt} k|fKtug'{ x'G5 / tkfO{ @) jif{;Ddsf] nflu s'l//xg'kb}{g . tkfO{sf] k]6]G6nfO{ cGo k|ljlwn] Joy{ t'NofpF5ls eGg] hf]lvdtfnfO{ klg Go"g ub{5 . To;sf]cltl/Qm olb s'g} k]6]G6 Tof] sDkgLl;t ;DaGw/fVb}g eg] Tof] k]6]G6nfO{ ev{/ z'? x'g nfu]sf]sDkgLnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]df Tof] sDkgLsf] nflucfly{s ;xof]u k"j{zt{ x'g;S5 .

tkfO{n] h] lg0f{o lng' x'G5, tkfO{sf] Tof] lg0f{otkfO{sf] cfjZostf / k|fyldstfdf cfwfl/tx'G5 . tyflk k]6]G6 x:tfGt/0fsf] s'/fnfO{ ;fdfGotofl;kmfl/; ul/+b}g / k]6]G6sf dflnsx¿n] k|foM h;f]cfkm\gf] vf]hx¿ pk/ cfkm\gf] :jfldTj sfod} /fvLcg'dlt kq k|bfg ug{ ?rfpFb5g\ .

c?n] k|of]u ug]{ u/L tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] k]6]G6sf]cg'dltkq s;/L k|bfg ug'{ x'G5 <k]6]G6sf] dflns -cg'dltkqjfnf_ n] s'g} csf]{JolQmnfO{ -c'gdltkq lng]jfnf_ kf/:kl/s;xdltsf] p2]Zosf] nflu k]6]G6 ul/Psf] vf]hk|of]u ug{ cg'dlt lbPdf To;nfO{ k]6]G6sf] cg'dltk|bfg ul/Psf] elgG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf b'O{ kIfaLr;Demf}tfsf] zt{ / ;Ldfx¿ tf]s]/ Pp6f cg'dltsf]s/f/ tof/ u/L x:tfIf/ ul/G5 .

cg'dlt kqsf] ;Demf}tfåf/f cfkm\gf] k]6]G6 ul/Psf]vf]hnfO{ cGonfO{ To;sf] Joj;foLs/0f ug]{clVtof/L k|bfg u/]df tkfO{sf] Joj;fonfO{ cfosf]cltl/Qm ;|f]t k|fKt x'G5 / vf]h dfly sDkgLx¿sf]Psflwsf/nfO{ pkof]u ug]{ Pp6f ;femf dfWodx'g]5 .

olb vf]hsf] wgL /x]sf] sDkgLn] k"0f{ ?kdfpTkfbg tof/ ug{ ;Sg]5 cj:yfdf 5}g jfahf/sf] dfu cg';f/ kof{Kt kl/df0f, pknAwu/fpg ;Sb}g jf s'g} vf; ef}uf]lns If]q ;d]6\g;Sb}g eg] To; cj:yfdf cg'dlt k|bfg ug'{sDkgLsf] nflu pkof]uL x'G5 .

cg'dlt kqsf] ;Demf}tf tof/ kfg{ ;Lko'Qm 5nkmn/ d:of}bfsf] cfjZostf kg]{ x'gfn] To:tf] ;]jf/ zt{ ;dfj]z ug{ / cg'dlt kqsf] ;Demf}tfd:of}bf ug{sf] nflu cg'dltkq ;DaGwL Joj;foLsf];xof]u lng' pko'Qm x'G5 . s]xL b]zx¿df cg'dltkqsf] ;Demf}tf ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt lgsfodf btf{ePsf] x'g'kb{5 .

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tkfO{sf] k]6]G6af6 slt b/sf] clwsf/ z'Ns

-/f]ofN6L_ k|fKt ug]{ cfzf /fVg' x'G5<

cg'dlt kqsf] sf/f]af/df clwsf/sf] wgLnfO{

;fdfGotof Psd'i6 e'QmfgL jf clwsf/ z'Nsåf/f

e'QmfgL ul/G5 . o:tf] e'QmfgL pTkfbgsf] laqmLsf]

kl/0ffd -k|lt PsfO{ /f]ofN6L_ jf v'b laqmL -v'b

laqmLdf cfwfl/t /f]ofN6L_ df cfwfl/t x'G5 . w]/}

cj:yfdf c'gdlt kq k|bfg ul/Psf] k]6]G6sf]

e'QmfgL Psd'i6 e'QmfgL / /f]ofN6L ;+of]hg klg

xf] . slxn]sflxF sDkgLsf] z]o/ bfaL u/]sf]

cj:yfdf /f]ofN6LnfO{ lj:yflkt ug{ ;lsG5 .

/f]ofN6Lsf] b/ efp vf; pBf]ux¿sf] nflu cl:tTj

/x] klg Pp6f s'/f s] Wofg lbg' kg]{ x'G5 eg]

x/]s cg'dlt kqsf] ;Demf}tf cfkm}+df clåtLo

x'G5 / /f]ofN6Lsf] b/ s] ljifoj:t'df 5nkmn

ul/Psf] To;df lge{/ x'G5 . t;y{ pBf]usf] :t/n]

k|f/lDes lgb]{zg pknAw u/fpFb5 . t/ To:tf]

:t/ dfly cWoflws lge{/tfn] klg slxn] unt

x'g ;Sb5 .

Psflwsf/ / Psflwsf/ ljlxg cg'dlt kq aLrsf]leGgtf s] 5 <cg'dlt k|fKt ug]{x¿sf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df cg'dltkqsf] ;Demf}tf tLg k|sf/sf x'G5g\ h; cg';f/k]6]G6 ;DaGwL sfd ug{ cg'dlt k|fKt x'G5 . tLlgDg k|sf/sf x'G5g\M�· Psflwsf/ k|fKt cg'dltkq M o;df

Ps hgf dfq cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmnfO{k]6]G6 ul/Psf] k|ljlw k|of]u ug]{ clwsf/x'G5 / o:tf] cg'dlt kqdf k]6]G6sf] wgLn]klg k|of]u ug{ kfpFb}g .

· PSnf] cg'dltkq M o;df PSnf] cg'dltkqjfnf / k]6]G6sf] wgLnfO{ k]6]G6 ul/Psf]k|ljlw k|of]u ug]{ clwsf/ x'G5 .

· Psflwsf/ljxLg cg'dltkq M o;dfw]/} cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmx¿ / k]6]G6sf]wgLnfO{ k]6]G6 ul/Psf] k|ljlw k|of]u ug]{clwsf/ x'G5 .

Psn cg'dltkqsf] ;Demf}tfdf To:tf] s]xLk|fjwfgx¿ x'g ;S5g\ . h; cg';f/ s;}nfO{Psflwsf/sf] cfwf/df / cGonfO{ Psn jfPsflwsf/ ljxLgsf] cfwf/df clwsf/ k|bfgul/G5 .

ef/tLo cfljisf/stf{ 8f= ldlnGb /f0f]åf/f k]6]G6cfj]bg ul/Psf] tfk ljlgdos, h;n] d'DaOsf]demf}nf pBf]u;Fu btf{ ;Demf}tf u¥of] . o;jfktpgn] laqmLsf] $=% k|ltzt /sd /f]oN6LjfktkfP . o;n] k]6]G6sf] dd{t vr{ klg Joxf]5{ .

d]lS;sf]sf] /fli6«o :jfoQ ljZj ljBfno (UNAM)

n] ljsf; u/]sf] v]/ hfg] kfgL ljsf; k|0ffnL,h;n] IB k|ljlw;Fu ;kmn btf{ ;Demf}tf u¥of] .

#&

s] tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] k]6]G6sf] nflu Psflwsf/ jfPsflwsf/ ljxLg cg'dlt kq k|bfg ug'{ k5{ <of] s'/f tkfO{sf] pTkfbg / tkfO{sf] sDkgLsf]Jofj;flos /0fgLltdf lge{/ /xG5 . pbfx/0fsf]nflu, olb tkfO{sf] k|ljlw vf; ahf/sf ;a}kfqx¿sf] nflu cfkm\gf] Joj;foL ;Dkfbfg ug{sf]nflu Pp6f dfkb08 x'g ;Sof] eg] To; cj:yfdfPsflwsf/ljxLg clwsf/ k|bfg ug'{ ePdfkmfObfhgs x'g]5 . olb tkfO{sf] pTkfbgsf]Joj;foLs/0f ug{sf] nflu s'g} Pp6f sDkgLsf]nufgLsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . -h:t}M k|of]uzfnfk/LIf0fsf] nflu cf}ifwLo pTkfbgsf] nufgL_ eg]s'g} Ps ;DefJo cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] cGocg'dltkq k|fKt JolQml;t k|lt:kwf{ ug{ rfxGg/ To; cj:yfdf p;n] Psflwsf/sf] cg'dlt kqk|fKt ug]{ s'/fdf hf]8 ug{ ;S5 .

tkfO{sf] vf]hnfO{ cg'dltkq aGb u/fpg] pko'Qm;do s'g xf] <tkfO{sf] vf]hnfO{ cg'dltkq aGb u/fpg] To:tf]s'g} pko'Qm ;do 5}g lsgls To:tf] ;do ljifosf]ljz]iftfdf lge{/ ug]{ ub{5 . tyflk s'g} :jtGqpBdL jf nufgLstf{nfO{ hlt ;Sbf] l56f] btf{ubf{ nfUg] vr{nfO{ ;'lglZrtf k|bfg ub{5 . k]6]G6k|bfg ug{sf] nflu klv{/xg' kb}{g .

k]6]G6 ul/Psf] vf]hsf] Joj;foLs/0f u/L gfkmfcfh{g ug{sf] nflu plrt ;do vf]Hg'eGbf klgplrt ;fem]bf/x¿ vf]Hg pko'Qm x'G5 .

k]6]G6sf] d"Nofs+gn]vf cg'dlt kq, ;+of]hg jf s'g} rLhsf] k|fKtx:tfGt/0f jf af}l4s ;DklQsf] vl/b jf sf]if;+sng ;lxtsf] k]6]G6sf] d"Nofs+g s'g} sDkgLn];Dkfbg ub{5 eg] Tof] To; sDkgLsf] nflu w]/}sf/0fn] nfebfos jf h?/L x'g ;S5 . tyflkk]6]G6sf] d"Nofs+gsf] nflu s'g} Ps k4lt gePtfklg lgDg k4ltx¿ Jofks ?kdf k|rngdf/x]sf kfOG5g\M

· cfo k4lt M of] cfo ?kdf k|of]u x'g]k4lt xf] . of] k4ltn] ck]lIft cfosf]k|jfxdf hf]8 lbG5 h'g k]6]G6 wf/sn]k]6]G6sf] hLjg cjlwe/ k|fKt ub{5 .

· nfut k4ltM cfGtl/s jf jfXo ?kdfTo:t} lsl;dsf] ;DklQsf] ljsf; ubf{ nfUg]vr{sf] u0fgf u/L k]6]G6sf] d"No :yflktul/G5 .

· ahf/ k4ltM ahf/df x'g] t'ngfTdsljlgdosf] d"Nodf cfwfl/t x'G5 .

· ljsNkdf cfwfl/t k4lt M ljsNkd"No k4ltdf cfwfl/t x'G5 .

k]6]G6sf] d"NonfO{ k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] t/ To;nfO{dfkg ug{ g;lsg] w]/} kIfx¿ 5g\ h:t} k]6]G6sf]bfaLsf] zlQm jf lgs6 ljsNkx¿sf] cl:tTj .

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olb tkfO{ k|lt:kwL{x¿sf] k]6]G6 k|lt ?lr /fVg'ePsf]

5 eg] To; cj:yfdf tkfO{n] s] To;nfO{ k|of]u

ug]{ cg'dlt k|fKt ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 <

k|lt:kwL{sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] k|ljlwnfO{ tkfO{sf]

pTkfbg jf k|lqmofdf ;+of]hg ug{sf] nflu clVtof/L

k|fKt ug{ ;w} ;/n jf ;xh x'g ;Sb}g . tyflk,

olb tkfO{sf] k|lt:kwL{ klg tkfO{sf] sDkgLsf]

k]6]G6x¿df ?lr /fVb5 eg] To; cj:yfdf Cross

licensing sf] af/]df ;f]Rg' pko'Qm x'G5 . Cross

liceneing To:tf pBf]ux¿df cfd k|rngdf /x]sf]

5 hxfF b'O{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L k|lt:kwL{x¿n] Ps

csf{sf] k"/s x'g] vf]hx¿nfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L w]/}

k]6]G6x¿ wf/0f u/]sf x'G5g\ . o:tf k|lt:kwL{

sDkgLx¿n] ltgLx¿ -k|lt:kwL{x¿_ sf] :jfldTjdf

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k|lt:kwL{x¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] k]6]G6x¿ k|of]u ug]{

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k]6]G6, wgLnfO{ k]6]G6n] k|bfg u/]sf] Psflwsf/sf]k|of]uåf/f k|lt:kwL{x¿nfO{ To:tf] ;fdfg pTkfbgug{ /f]s nufpg'sf] ;fy} cfkm\gf] clwsf/ cltqmd0fePsf] cj:yfdf Ifltk"lt{ ;d]tsf] bfaL ug{;Sb5 . cltqmd0f ePsf] 5 ls 5}g eg]/ k|dfl0ftug{sf] nflu To:tf] cltqmd0f Tof] pTkfbg jfk|lqmofdf ;dfj]z ePsf] egL cfkm\gf] k|To]s bfaLdfk'li6 ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . olb tkfO{sf] k]6]G6 ul/Psf]vf]h s;}af6 gSsn ul/+b} 5 eGg] ljZjf; nfU5eg] tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] k|lt:kwf{, ahf/sf] efj /gfkmfnfO{ sfod /fVgsf] nflu cfk\mgf] clwsf/sfof{Gjog ug'{ k5{ .

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x¿n] of] bfloTj -jf o;sf] s]xL c+z_ Psflwsf/k|fKt cg'dltkqwf/snfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ lg0f{oklg ug{ ;Sb5g\ .

tkfO{sf] k]6]G6nfO{ / lgof{t ahf/df sfof{Gjou/fpgsf] nflu k]6]G6;DaGwL sfd ug]{ jlsn;Fu;Dks{ /fVg' ;'emfjof]Uo x'g]5 . To:tf jlsnx¿n]tkfO{nfO{ To;df nfUg] vr{, hf]lvd / pQd/0fgLltsf] af/] ;Nnfx lbg ;Sb5 .

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olb tkfO{sf] clVtof/L ljgf tkfO{sf] k]6]G6cGo s;}af6 k|of]u ePsf] 5 eg]tkfO{n] s] ug'{ k5{ <olb tkfO{sf] clVtof/L lagf s;}n] tkfO{sf] k]6]G6cltqmd0f ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] tkfO{nfO{ ljZjf;nfU5 eg] tkfO{n] klxnf] r/0fdf cltqmd0f ug]{kIfx¿sf] af/] / ltgLx¿n] tkfO{sf] pTkfbg jfk|lqmofnfO{ s;/L cltqmd0f ul//x]sf 5g\ eGg]af/] ;"rgf ;+sng ug'{kg]{5 . To:tfcltqmd0fsf/Lx¿ lj?4 s:tf] k|s[ltsf] sf/jfxL/ To:tf] sf/jfxL slxn] ug]{ eGg] lg0f{odf k'Ugsf]nflu tkfO{n] k|fKt x'g ;Sg] hlt tYox¿ ;+sngug'{ k5{ . o:tf] cj:yfdf k]6]G6 ;DaGwL sfd ug]{jlsnsf] ;xof]u lng' pko'Qm x'G5 . s]xL cj:yfdf,cltqmd0f e]l6Pdf sDkgLx¿n] tyfslytcltqmd0fsf/LnfO{ kq k7fO{ tkfO{sf] clwsf/ /c? sDkgLsf] Jofj;flos lqmofsnfkaLr pTkGgx'g ;Sg] ;Defljt åGåsf] af/]df ;'lrtug'{ub{5 . olb To:tf] cltqmd0f cGhfgdf ul/Psf]/x]5 eg] of] k|lqmof k|efjsf/L x'g ;S5 . lsglso:tf] cj:yfdf To:tf] cltqmd0fsf/Ln] To:tf]lqmofsnfk aGb ug{ jf cg'dltkq ;Demf}tfdfhfg ;xdt x'G5 .

slxn]sflxF cltqmd0fsf/LnfO{ n'Sg jf k|df0f gi6ug{ glbgsf] nflu crfgs sbd rfNg' klgpko'Qm x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf cltqmd0fsf/LnfO{;"rgf glbOsg cbfnt k|j]z u/L cGtl/dlgif]wf1fsf] dfu u/L p;sf] Joj;fo :yndfk|x/Lsf] ;xof]u lnO{ 5fkf dfg'{ klg pko'Qmx'G5 . cbfntn] To:tf tyfslyt

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olb sDkgLn] b]jfgL k|lqmof kxn ug]{ lg0f{o u5{eg] To; cj:yfdf ;fdfGotof cbfntn] kLl8t/x]sf] k]6]G6sf] wgLnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ lbnfpgsf] nfluJofks ?kdf b]jfgL pkrf/x¿ pknAwu/fpFb5 . k]6]G6sf] jlsnn] o;af/] hfgsf/LpknAw u/fpg ;Sb5 .

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;fdfGo lgodfg';f/ olb tkfO{n] s'g} cltqmd0fsf]klxrfg ug'{eof] eg] Joj;flos sfg"gL ;Nnfxlng' pko'Qm x'g]5 .

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sDkgLn] eljiodf s'g} k|lti7fgl;t ;xsfo{ ug{

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For more information on

� intellectual property issues from a business perspective

www.wipo.int/sme

� patents in general

www.wipo.int/patent/en/index.html

� On practical aspects relating to the filing of patent applications, see list of websites

of national and regional patent offices available in Annex II or

www. wipo.int/news/links/ipo

� On the Patent Cooperation Treaty

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� On the International Patent Classification

www.wipo.int/dassifications/ipc/en

� On arbitration and mediation

arbiter, wipo.int/center/index.html

� On on-line patent databases of national and regional patent offices

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� On enforcement of IP rights

www. wipo.int/enforcement

� On membership of WIPO-administered treaties

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kl/lzi6f+s I - cfjZos j]e;fO6x?

$#

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Estonia

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patlib/country/monaco

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$%

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Note:

For up-to-date information visit website at the following url: www.wipo.int/directQry/en/urls.jsp

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