john haymaker, cee 214, 2009 narratives : a simple, formal methodology for achieving sustainable...

John

Hay

mak

er, C

EE 2

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Narratives : A simple, formal methodology for achieving sustainable balance

John Haymaker, PhD, AIA, LEED cp

Collaborators: Martin Fischer, John Kunz, Ben Suter

M.A. Mortenson, Walt Disney Imagineering, CCC, Gehry Partners, William McDonough Partners, CSIRO

Narratives

Reasoning

Representation

Narrative

John

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People Unit size Total

Office room 1 O1 4 10 40Office room 2 O2 1 20 20Open office O3 3 12 36

8 0 96Units Unit size Total

Office storage, etc. A1 1 10 10Office archive A2 1 8 8Copy, printers, etc A4 1 10 10Meeting space N1 1 25 25

4 0 53People Total

8 0 149CS Department

Corporation Service Department

Office space

TotalSupport activities

Total

Program

Define client requirements

Define site

Define regulatory

requirementsINTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE (2003)…404.8 Travel distance. In other than the lowest level of the atrium, where the required means of egress is through the atrium space, the portion of exit access travel distance within the atrium space shall not exceed 200 feet …

Propose atrium

Proposetraditional

1. SHEET PILE FOUNDATION, DIKE, & SITE $146,285

2. TANKS $127,220

3. PIPING SYSTEM $65,543

4. PUMPS, DISPENSER, POWER, CONTROLS, ETC. $60,000

5. MISCELLANEOUS $33,985

6. OVERHEAD $137,800

7. FREIGHT $94,347

8. CONSTRUCTION SUB-TOTAL $665,180

9. DESIGN AND PERMITTING $100,000

10. CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT $100,000

11. PROJECT SUB-TOTAL $865,180

12. CONTINGENCY $173,036

13. TOTAL PROJECT COST $1,038,216

Analyzefirst cost

Lighting Energy Cost No Daylighting

Lighting Fraction Saved

Lighting Energy Cost W/ Daylighting

Reduced Maint. Cost

Reduced HVAC Costs

Net Cost Savings

1st Floor @ 70,000 SF 14,700 58% 8,526 635 910 7,925

2nd Floor @ 61,000 SF 12,858 82% 10,544 760 1,125 9,495

Combined 131000 SF 20,280 69% 19,070 1,395 2,035 22,500

Analyze life-cycle cost

Average Illuminance

Footcandles (FC) 9AM / 3PM Noon 9AM / 3PM Noon 9AM / 3PM Noon

Near Atrium 50 - 60 100 - 110 125 - 140 190 - 210 180 - 200 320 - 340

Center 45 - 55 70 - 80 95 - 105 150 - 160 140 - 150 250 - 270Near Perimeter 45 - 55 90 - 100 100 - 120 160 - 180 150 - 170 275 - 295

Estimated Likely Illuminance in FootCandles for Upper Level on Overcast Day

Average Illuminance


Near Atrium 30 - 40 55 - 65 70 - 80 110 - 120 95 - 115 180 - 200


Estimated Likely Illuminance in FootCandles for Lower Level on Overcast Day

December September / March June


Analyze daylight

Most LikelyProductivity % Improved

Absenteeism % Improved

Cost Benefit 1 $

Daylighting 4 9 1,581,000

Analyze Productivity and Absenteeism




1st Floor @ 70,000 SF 14,700 58% 8,5262nd Floor @ 61,000 SF 12,858 82% 10,544Combined 131000 SF 20,280 69% 19,070

Analyzeenergy

Decide on Atrium

Reduced Energy Loads: approx. 70% of lighting energy is saved in areas where daylightingis employed. In addition, electric lamp replacement and cooling loads are reduced.

Increased Productivity: Worker productivity has increased

Reduced absenteeism: Workers remain more alert, and are absent less, under natural lighting conditions.Simple Payback: 5.9 years

Daylighting





4 0 53People Total



Office space


Total

Program

INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE (2003)…404.8 Travel distance. In other than the lowest level of the atrium, where the required means of egress is through the atrium space, the portion of exit access travel distance within the atrium space shall not exceed 200 feet …


2. CONCRETE $127,220

3. SUPERSTRUCTURE $65,543

4. ENCLOSURE $60,000

5. FINISHES $33,985


7. FREIGHT $94,347







Average Illuminance Footcandles (FC) 9AM / 3PM Noon 9AM / 3PM Noon 9AM / 3PM Noon

Near Atrium 50 - 60 100 - 110 125 - 140 190 - 210 180 - 200 320 - 340



Average Illuminance Footcandles (FC) 9AM / 3PM Noon 9AM / 3PM Noon 9AM / 3PM Noon

Near Atrium 30 - 40 55 - 65 70 - 80 110 - 120 95 - 115 180 - 200











Cost Benefit 1 $





Reduced Maint. Cost

Reduced HVAC Costs

Net Cost Savings

1st Floor @ 70,000 SF 14,700 58% 8,526 635 910 7,925

2nd Floor @ 61,000 SF 12,858 82% 10,544 760 1,125 9,495

Combined 131000 SF 20,280 69% 19,070 1,395 2,035 22,500

A William McDonough Partners design process

Reduced Energy Loads: approx. 70% of lighting energysaved in areas where daylightingis employed. In addition, electric lamp replacement and cooling loads reduced.

Increased Productivity: Worker productivity will increase

Reduced absenteeism: Workers will remain more alert, and be absent less, under natural lighting conditions.Simple Payback: 5.9 years

Daylighting

John

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4 0 53People Total



Office space


Total

Program

Define client requirements

Define site

Define regulatory

requirementsINTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE (2003)…404.8 Travel distance. In other than the lowest level of the atrium, where the required means of egress is through the atrium space, the portion of exit access travel distance within the atrium space shall not exceed 200 feet …

Propose atrium

Proposetraditional


2. TANKS $127,220

3. PIPING SYSTEM $65,543

4. PUMPS, DISPENSER, POWER, CONTROLS, ETC. $60,000

5. MISCELLANEOUS $33,985


7. FREIGHT $94,347







Analyzefirst cost

Analyze life-cycle cost

Define Goals

ProposeOptions

Analyze

Evaluate Goals

Average Illuminance


Near Atrium 50 - 60 100 - 110 125 - 140 190 - 210 180 - 200 320 - 340



Average Illuminance


Near Atrium 30 - 40 55 - 65 70 - 80 110 - 120 95 - 115 180 - 200





Analyze daylight

Perform Analyses



Cost Benefit 1 $


Analyze Productivity and Reliability





Analyzeenergy

Reduced Energy Loads: approx. 70% of lighting energy is saved in areas where daylightingis employed. In addition, electric lamp replacement and cooling loads are reduced.

Increased Productivity: Worker productivity has increased

Reduced absenteeism: Workers remain more alert, and are absent less, under natural lighting conditions.Simple Payback: 5.9 years

Daylighting

Decide on Atrium

A William McDonough Partners design process

John

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Did WMP achieve sustainable balance?

Aes

thet

ic

Rhy

me

ArchitecturalReasonE

nvironmental

Sensitivity

Ope

ratio

nal

Effi

cien

cy

Diverse NeedsOf Individuals

Flexibility

For Grow

th Aes

thet

ic

Rhy

me

ArchitecturalReasonE

nvironmental

Sensitivity

Ope

ratio

nal

Effi

cien

cy

Diverse NeedsOf Individuals

Flexibility

For Grow

th

WMP found it difficult to explicitly:

Propose many options

Analyze these options

Compare their analyses to their goals

Clearly communicate this design process

Quickly integrate this design process

John

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A Walt Disney Concert Hall design & construction process

John

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This process was time-consuming and error-prone.

John

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SI-13

This process was iterative.

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Did the WDCH team achieve sustainable balance?

Cos

t

Time

Resources

Clie

ntR

elat

ions

EmployeeDevelopment

Safety C

ost

Time

Resources

Clie

ntR

elat

ions

EmployeeDevelopment

Safety

Compared to shop welding, field welding is:

Less safe

More expensive

More time-consuming

Less efficient with resources workforce, materials, and energy

John

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What is a methodology that enables AEC professionals to formalize the dependencies among their representations, and control the integration of these representations as the project progresses?

Research Question

Problem: The narrative structure is not formalized or managed.

Result: AEC Projects are not achieving sustainable balance.

John

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Multidisciplinary, Constructive, Iterative, Unique

The narrative structure of AEC projects

narrative: “An account of a series of events, facts, etc., … with the establishing of connections between them.” (The Oxford English Dictionary)

John

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AEC professionals could benefit from a methodology to:

Representation

Reasoning

Reasoning

ReasoningReasoning

Define task-specific representations.

Define the dependency between these representations.

Control the integration of these Narratives.

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Narratives

data

datarelationship

Reasoning (manual)

Representation

Representationdependency

Narrative

(automated)Reasoning

John

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POD: AEC project model frameworks

Construction Data

Design Data

Management Data

COMBINE (Augenbroe, 1995) EDM-2 (Eastman et al 1999),

Bentley Managed Environment (Hollings, 2003)Graphisoft (Sawyer, 2004)

No formalization of distributed and narrative process

John

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POD: AEC project model frameworks

Construction Data

Design Data

Management Data

Narrative approach

Prevalent approach

John

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POD: Representation formalisms

IFC

STEP

gbXML

Revit

No formalization of the process or dependency

Representation

Reasoning

John

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POD: Reasoning

Comfort Simulation(Riuska)

Steel Detailing (Tekla)

Energy Simulation(Riuska)

Structural Simulation(SAP2000)

Construction Simulation(Commonpoint)

Egress (Pan et al 2004)

Daylight Simulation(Radiance)

Space Analysis(Solibri)

No formalization of the process or dependencies

Life Cycle Analysis(CRC)

Representation

Reasoning

Cost Analysis(Tocoman)

John

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No formalization of representations or reasoning

Representation

Reasoning

POD: Process models

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data

datarelationship

Reasoning (manual)

Representation



data

datarelationship

Reasoning (manual)

Representation



Narratives: Building on Points of Departure

Reasoning

Representation

Process

Narratives

John

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Formalizing the dependencies between representations

<?xml version="1.0"?><representation> <dependency> <status>integrated</status> <reasoning url="url/to/Find Deck Attachments.jar" /> <source url="url/to/Steel Framing.pv">Beams</source> <source url="url/to/second/Concrete Slabs.pv">Slabs</source> </dependency> <data> // deck attachment features described here </data></representation>

John

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A Narrative to automatically generate deck attachments

John

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WDCH PerspectorsAccuracy 86 Deck Attachments Required

Correctly Identified 0 84False Positives 0 28False Negatives 86 2

Completeness Amount of detail

Significant improvement over current practice is possible. Further improvement possible with additional Perspectors.

Automation could make creating more useful additional detail cost-effective.

Evidence for power: Designing deck attachments

John

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Evidence for generality

Find Cantilever Conditions Perspector

Find Deck Attachments Perspector

john haymaker, cee 214, 2009 narratives : a simple, formal methodology for achieving sustainable...

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