joining the war section 12.3 ike speaks to soldiers in britain prior to d-day
TRANSCRIPT
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Joining the War
Section 12.3
Ike speaks to soldiers in Britain prior to D-Day
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June 6, 1944
Capture: Americans in landing craft, June 6, 1944
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What events led these Americans to end up in Normandy, France?
Capture: Americans pull up to beach at Normandy
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Describe December 7, 1941.• “A date which will live
in infamy.”• Japanese planes
attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (naval base)
• Destroyed 19 battleships, 188 planes
• Killed 2, 400 Americans• United Americans in
call for war– “Remember Pearl
Harbor”
Above: Pearl Harbor burning; Below: FDR asks Congress for declaration of war on Japan
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Mobilizing America
Capture: Times Square
Times Square: Summer of 1941
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Who were the Allies/the Axis Powers?Allies
• United States
• Great Britain
• Soviet Union
• And many others
Axis Powers
• Germany
• Italy
• Japan
“The Big Three
Left to Right: Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill
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What was the Allied strategy for fighting WWII?
• Defeating Germany is most important
• Unconditional surrender of Axis powers
• “Closing the Ring”– Plan to encircle
Nazi Germany on all sides
• Defensive war in Pacific
World map showing areas of German and Japanese control
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Barbarossa
Barbarossa: Hitler’s invasion of Soviet Union
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Describe the invasion of the Soviet Union.• Began June 22, 1941 (Summer)• Blitzkrieg tactics and surprise• Surrounded Leningrad for 900
days• 300 thousand Germans attacked
Stalingrad• Access to oil• Russians stopped advance• Marks to turning point of the war• Stalin bitter about lack of Allied
support
Above: German tanks
Below: Hitler heads in three directions
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Siege of Stalingrad
Capture: Siege of Stalingrad
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Axis Powers by September of 1942Map shows the peak of Axis Power
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Oil Fields
Whea
t Fiel
ds
Hitler’s Plan: Operation Barbarossa
Capture the wheat fields of Ukraine, then advance east across North Africa and South from Russia to capture the oil fields of the Middle East.
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Stopping Hitler’s Advance
• The Allies Finally Stopped Hitler’s Advance at Three Key Areas:
• Battle of Britain
• El Alamein in Egypt
• Stalingrad in Russia
See Map on Next Slide
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In spite of these losses, Hitler was firmly entrenched in Western Europe. (Map shows
Allied counter-offensive)
Russian AdvanceAfter Stalingrad
Allied Invasion of N. Africa 11/42
Allied Invasion of
Italy Summer ‘43
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To complete the encirclement of Hitler -‘Closing the Ring’- the Allies needed to land somewhere in France. (Map shows
location of Normandy Invasion)
Normandy 6/’44D Day
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Normandy Beach, France June 6, 1944
Old Glory finally planted on Omaha Beach
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Place the following events in order from 1st to last. Now put the year they occurred.
• Event• Operation Barbarossa• Treaty of Versailles• Hitler named
Chancellor• Munich Pact• D-Day• Invasion of Poland• Pearl Harbor
• Year
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What was Operation Overlord?• Allied invasion of Europe• Began with D-Day
– Deliverance Day/ Disembarkment Day) June 6, 1944
• Bad weather delayed invasion by one day
• Was it successful?– 10 thousand casualties in two
weeks– Allies built man-made harbor– Allowed hundreds of
thousands of soldiers and equipment to gain foothold in western Europe
View from Higgins boat
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D-Day
Military funeral of D-Day dead
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What was the Battle of the Bulge?• Hitler’s last major
offensive• Caught Allies off
guard• Goal was to capture
Antwerp• Germans surrounded
town of Bastogne asked for surrender – “Nuts” was the reply
• Weather broke in January and supplies replenished
Top: Map of the Ardennes; Bottom: corpses at Bastogne
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Bastogne Video capture: Americans at Bastogne
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The Progress of the War
Allied Nations
Neutral Nations
Axis Nations Communist Nations World map showing the relative size and location of Axis and Allied nations
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The Camps
Capture from ‘Band of Brothers’: Liberating the Camps
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What was the Holocaust?• Genocide or systematic
murder of Jews, Gypsies, Slavs, and others the Nazis considered undesirable
• Final Solution– Nazi decision to
attempt to exterminate the Jewish race from Europe
• 6 million Jews murdered (66% of the population in Europe)
Entrance to the death camp at Auschwitz II
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Describe the process of the Final Solution.• Occurred gradually over time
• Nuremberg Laws of 1935– German laws used to
identify and discriminate against Jews in Germany
• Could not attend schools, hold public office, sit on park benches
• Must wear yellow star• Ghettos (1939)
– Jews were forced to reside in overcrowded, unsanitary areas of conquered cities
Above and below: Nazis persecuting Jews
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The “Liquidation of the Ghetto”
Video capture: German troops enter the Warsaw Ghetto
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“Wall of Death” for Polish political prisoners, before Auschwitz was turned into a death camp. Under the building on the right, Nazis first used poison gas to kill.
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• Wannsee conference
– Meeting in Berlin in 1942
– decision to systematically kill the Jews of Europe
• Einsatzgruppen (1940)– Killing squads
– Rounded up Jews from conquered areas and executed them
• Concentration Camps
– 1st for “political reeducation”
– slave labor, medical experiments, starvation, murder by gas chamber
Describe the process of the Final Solution
Above: Auschwitz from the air
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Mr. Morris by tracks at Birkenau station near Auschwitz
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Crematoria with tourists and memorial candle
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Clockwise from left, Gas Chamber, Zyklon B pellets, famous entrance with “Arbeit Macht Frei” arch, random line of doomed people
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Dear Fellow Party Member [Parteigenosse] Luther!Enclosed I am sending you the minutes of the proceedings that
took place on January 20,1942.Since the basic position regarding the practical execution of
the final solution of the Jewish question has fortunately been established by now, and since there is a full agreement on the part of all agencies involved. I would like to ask you at the request of the Reich Marshal to make one of your specialist officials available for the necessary discussion of details in connection with the completion of the draft that shows the organizational, technical and material prerequisites bearing on the actual starting point of the projected solutions.
I want to schedule the first discussion along these lines for 10:30 a.m. on March 6, 1942 at 116 Kurfürstenstrasse, Berlin. I therefore ask you that for this purpose your specialist official contact my functionary in charge there, SS-Obersturmbannführer Eichmann.
Reinhard Heydrich
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What was V-E Day?• “Victory in Europe”
• May 8, 1945
• Germany surrendered unconditionally to the Allies
• FDR had died April 12
• Hitler had committed suicide April 30
• US still at war with Japan
Above and below: newspapers proclaim Victory in Europe
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VE Day
Capture: V-E Day