joint inter-governmental conference parliamentary assembly of the mediterranean & united nations...
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Joint Inter-Governmental ConferenceParliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean &
United Nations Inter-Agency Cluster on Trade and Productive CapacityGeneva
31 May 2013
Entrepreneurship and small and medium-sized enterprise
development:UNCTAD’s EMPRETEC Programme
Fiorina MugioneOfficer-in-Charge
Enterprise Development Branch
Entrepreneurship after the economic crisis: a global shift
Source: UNCTAD analysis based on Global Entrepreneurship Monitor reports 2007–2012
2007 2009 2010 201130
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
Greece
Brazil
Spain
United States
31%43%
34% 41%53%
70%2012
Entrepreneurs positively evaluating current business opportunities, %
As a result of the two-speed recovery from the economic crisis, entrepreneurial dynamism has been shifting towards developing countries…
Entrepreneurship, the informal sector, and youth
Source: Schneider, Buehn and Montenegro (2010)
Size of informal sector (% of official GDP)
…but a lot of this entrepreneurial activity still happens outside the formal sector. Globally, the informal sector is 35% of countries’ official GDP.
1.8 billion youth aged 10–24 (113 million in PAM Member States & Associate Member States)
73 million young people unemployed globally
Starting a business
18%
Dealing with
construction permits
10%
Getting electricity
7%
Registering property
8%Getting credit10%
Protecting investors
7%
Paying taxes15%
Trading across
borders11%
Enforcing contracts 6%
Resolving insolvency
8%
Policy support for enabling business environment
108 countries enacted
201 regulatory reformsin 2012
Source: UNCTAD analysis, based on World Bank, Doing Business 2013
The UNCTAD Entrepreneurship Policy Framework comprises six areas that have a direct impact on
entrepreneurial activity
www.unctad.org/epf
www.unctad.org/epf
Examples of good practices from UNCTAD’s inventory (1)Policy area Examples of good practices
Formulating national entrepreneurship strategy
Serbia: adopted a National Strategy for Youth with a strategic objective of encouraging and stimulating all forms of employment, self-employment, and youth entrepreneurship
Optimizing the regulatory environment
Albania & the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia: introduced integrated, one-stop-shops for business registration
Croatia: business-related regulations no longer needed received “the chop.” The rest were included in a centralized registry. Over half of business regulations were eliminated or simplified.
Enhancing entrepreneurship education and skills
Mediterranean: INJAZ/Junior Achievement Worldwide teaches students about business, entrepreneurship, and life skills as part of a regular school curriculum
Jordan: Business Development Centre hosts UNCTAD’s EMPRETEC programme for entrepreneurship development
Examples of good practices from UNCTAD’s inventory (2)Policy area Examples of good practices
Facilitating technology exchange and innovation
Egypt: Ministry of Communications and Information Technology launched a strategy to support small and medium ICT enterprises
Morocco: Casablanca Technopark hosts 130 companies, most of which are start-ups and small and medium enterprises in the ICT sector
Improving access to finance
Egypt: a private credit bureau and registry, I-Score, allows small and medium-sized enterprises to build credit histories and check creditworthiness of consumers
Jordan: El Hassan Business Park supports entrepreneurial skills and activities, enables access to growth capital through the Bedaya angel investors network
Promoting awareness and networking
Global: Global Entrepreneurship Week 18–24 November 2013
www.empretec.net
More than 300,000 empretecos have been trained globally, of which 30% are womenIn Jordan:
Participants established a business
New businesses
Jobs created per participant
Sales Revenues
Profitability
68% 127 4 +27% +32% +28%
Personal entrepreneurial competencies
Opportunity-seeking and initiativeEntrepreneurs seek opportunities and take the initiative to transform them into business situations.
PersistenceWhen most people tend to abandon an activity, successful entrepreneurs stick with it.
Fulfilling of commitmentsEntrepreneurs keep their promises, no matter how great the personal sacrifice.
Demand for quality and efficiencyEntrepreneurs try to do something better, faster or cheaper.
Calculated risk-takingTaking calculated risks is one of the primary concepts in entrepreneurship.
Goal-settingThis is the most important competency because none of the rest will function without it. Entrepreneurs set goals and objectives which are meaningful and challenging.
Information-seekingEntrepreneurs gather information about their clients, suppliers, technology and opportunities.
Systematic planning and monitoringSystematic behaviour means acting in a logical way. Planning is deciding what to do. Monitoring means checking.
Persuasion and networkingEntrepreneurs influence other people to follow them or do something for them.
Independence and self-confidenceEntrepreneurs have a quiet self-assurance in their capability or potential to do something.
Fostering youth entrepreneurship (1)
Policy area Recommended actions for PAM
Formulating national entrepreneurship strategy
Develop youth entrepreneurship strategies Map the current status Ensure coherence of youth entrepreneurship strategy
with other national policies Strengthen the institutional framework
Designate lead institution Ensure inter-agency coordination and engagement
with other stakeholders Measure results
Define clear performance indicators Monitor impact and incorporate feedback
Optimizing the regulatory environment
Facilitate formalization and new start-ups Review and reduce regulatory requirements Provide transparent information and one-stop shops
Guide entrepreneurs and enhance benefits of formalization
Implement information campaigns Assist start-ups in meeting regulatory requirements
Enhancing entrepreneurship education and skills
Integrate entrepreneurship education in education
Start at primary school level Promote entrepreneurship in vocational training
Fostering youth entrepreneurship (2)
Policy area Recommended actions for PAM
Facilitating technology exchange and innovation
Stimulate technology and innovation Support start-ups by establishing business
incubators, knowledge hubs, science parks Foster diffusion of ICTs
Support development of on-line and mobile market information platforms
Provide ICT training to target groups
Improving access to finance
Ensure access to relevant financial services Facilitate guarantees and collateral-free loan
screening Provide startup financing and attract angel investors
Boost capacity of the financial sector to serve start-ups
Help financial institutions (including proximity lenders) to better serve and understand youth
Adapt mobile banking technologies and regulations to needs and experiences of youth
Link entrepreneurship training to financing and expand access to basic loans and savings accounts
Promoting awareness and networking
Foster outreach to youth Help young entrepreneurs, including young women,
to create effective networks Organize events on opportunities in specific sectors