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Ocean Energy: State of play & key technological challenges
Ocean Energy Forum
Brussels, 4th April 2014
Dr. Evangelos Tzimas
European Commission
Joint Research Centre
Institute for Energy and Transport
Energy Systems Evaluation Unit
The Energy 2020 Strategy has called Ocean Energy "an avenue of great potential".
The Energy Technologies and Innovation Communication has identified Ocean Energy as
a priority area for Research and Innovation.
Blue Growth and Blue Energy Communications have recognised the Ocean Energy
potential to enhance the security of energy supply, reduce GHG emissions, create jobs and
support sustainable growth in remote areas.
Ocean Energy: An important
element of the future European
energy system
European funding
18%
Corporate R&D
investment 50%
Public RD&D investment
32%
Total EU R&D investment in 2011
Source: JRC Report on marine energy innovation (2013)
Currently, an Integrated Roadmap is under
development with the active participation of the ocean
energy community, identifying key research and
innovation actions to address the challenges of the
European energy system.
An Action Plan of joint and individual investments in
support of the Integrated Roadmap will follow.
125 MEUR
State of play of Ocean Energy
in the EU
Current status of Ocean Energy in Europe:
• EU is a global leader in ocean energy
• Increased number of technologies nearing
commercialisation
• Increased number of projects announced
• New mechanisms to support ocean energy
at EU and national levels (e.g.
NER300/MEAD)
However:
• LCoE too high compared to other RES
• Devices at advanced TRL but none
commercially viable yet
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Faroe Islands
Ireland
Reunion
Sweden
Denmark
France
Norway
Spain
Portugal
United Kingdom
Ocean Energy Projects in the EU
Commissioned
Financing secured/Under construction
Announced/Planning
Operations suspended
Partially commissioned
Permitted
Project abandoned
Australia: 1.242; 2%
Canada: 8.694; 12%
EU: 39.346; 52%
South Korea: 5.143; 7%
New Zealand: 0.738; 1%
United States: 19.945; 26%
Global Ocean Energy RD&D in M€
Source: JRC Report on marine energy innovation (2013)
Technology challenges
Enabling ocean energy technology:
• Develop effective, reliable and cost-
competitive technologies to fully grasp the
European potential
• Follow different development paths for
wave and tidal
Technology fragmentation:
• Identify common components to develop
supply chains
Risk management:
• Encourage investments to promote
demonstration and early arrays
Grid access and infrastructure:
• Develop/adapt grid infrastructure to
integrate ocean farms
23%
19%
40%
7% 1%
7% 3%
Wave energy Attenuator
Oscillating Wave SurgeConverter Point absorber
Oscillating water column
Bulge wave
Rotating mass
Other
2% 2%
76% 4%
16%
Tidal energy
Oscillating Hydrofoil
Vertical axis turbine
Horizontal axis turbine
Enclosed Tips
Other Designs
Source: JRC Report on marine energy innovation (2013)
Other issues limiting Innovation
Despite the growing interest in ocean energy by
academia, human skills are relatively limited
when compared to those available for other
technologies (~5 % of offshore wind).
Research and demonstration is driven mainly
by knowledge from academic spin-offs and start-
ups.
Total R&D investment remains limited, e.g. 10%
of that for offshore wind.
Lack of stable targets may hinder innovation
activities.
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
M€
Public R&D Investment
2010 2011 Average 2006-2010
Source: JRC Report on marine energy innovation (2013)
64 51
78 102
133
220
13 13 23 12
69
183
0
50
100
150
200
250
1998 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
nu
mb
er o
f P
aper
s
Scientific knowledge production
WP in peer-reviewed conferences Peer-reviewed papers
Overcoming technology
challenges
Technology Development – Developing reliable, survivable and efficient technology:
• Reliability and performance
• Standardisation
• European industrial co-operation
• Synergies with offshore wind
Deployment and Risk Reduction – Increase deployment rate:
• Facilitating access to European test and demonstration facilities
• Logistics: installation, operations and maintenance
• EU cross-industry co-operation for serial manufacturing
• Ocean energy grid integration
Source: SI Ocean – Wave and Tidal Energy Strategic Technology Agenda (2014)
Expected impact
Demonstration of advanced
technologies:
• Pilot array deployment (TRL >8)
• Full-scale testing (TRL 5-7)
Performance and reliability:
• Capacity factors >25–30%
• Availability of devices >75–85%
Supply chain consolidation:
• Optimisation and standardisation of
manufacturing
• Components and materials
Further reduction of CAPEX and
OPEX:
• Best-practice of installation and
operational procedures
• Marine support services
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0.02 0.06 0.2 0.6 2 6 20 60LC
OE
(c€
/kW
h)
Cumulative deployment GW
Tidal Wave
Source: SI Ocean – Wave and Tidal Energy Strategic Technology Agenda (2014)
More than 40% of offshore energy costs can be reduced by common RD&D actions
• Common offshore grid infrastructure and land connectors
• Similar equipment, infrastructure, operating and maintenance practices
• Shared project development and permitting
Business models for integrated farms: increased energy yield, reduced variability
Source: JRC own analysis
Synergies with offshore wind
Wave & tidal Offshore wind
LCO
E
Time
Key developments needed: • Deliver competitive technological
solutions • Foster innovation through a
market driven framework
14 April 2014 10
Thank you very much!
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