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Jojoba The Desert Gold

"jojoba" (pronounced "hohoba") Simmondsia chinensis, family Simmondiaceae

grows in to a big, spreading bush, gray looking,

rigid, compact in habit, about 10-12 feet inheight and width

A plant that can grow in many semi-arid regionsof the world, requires little water and

maintenance and yields a crop of seeds that havemany uses in cosmetic and industries

A desert shrub that can live more than 150 years

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Jojoba is monosexual nature i.e., existence of

separate male and female plants In a farm, ratio of 6 female plants to single

male plant is planted

Prefers coarse, light or medium textured orsandy soil

Needs very little water, withstands salinity

No chemical fertilizers are needed

Solid biofertilisers like Growmore or liquid

biofertilisers like Shoot Up and Growzyme can

increase the yield by almost twice

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Female Jojoba plants will produce beans

and the males are only used forpollination, overplanting is necessary sothat there are enough females

It takes Jojoba at least 3 years to flower.Until that time, figuring out the sex ofthe Jojoba plant is not known

After the plant has flowered and sex is

figured out, the extra males areremoved and at least another 2 years arerequired before the females will produce

beans

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Flower and seeds

Female Flower Male Flower

Seeds

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Five years is a long time to wait for theplants to produce beans, especially when

demand for the oil is so heavy andsupply is so low

It is believed to live for at least 100

years. It also appears that after the plantstarts to produce, it will produce largerquantities of beans each year as it growslarger

Long Term Benefits

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Jojoba Oil The oil is crushed from peanut-sized seeds

that are produced from plantations ofhedge-row grown shrubs

Researchers have proved that this oil isvirtually identical or in some respects superiorto whale oil

Jojoba seeds contains 45 to 55 per cent oil orliquid wax, with chemical properties similar tothose of the body fat obtained from spermwhale

Jojoba oil is also a replacement for spermwhale oil

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Jojoba oil Jojoba Oil is a liquid wax, as opposed to

other vegetable oils which are

triglycerides The molecular structure of this oil is very

tough therefore it is stable even at high

temperatures and pressures unlike mostof other lubricants It does not turn rancid

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The cosmetics and skin-care industry buys 90%of present production, using the oil in its

natural form or modified to a cream or wax The market for pure filtered oil for use as a

skin moisturiser is expanding rapidly The remaining 10% of production, coming

from second pressings of seed and solvent-extracted oil, has use in the sulfonated formas an additive in special lubricants

Current production of jojoba oil is far too

small to be of interest to the large oilcompanies but smaller specialist lubricantcompanies are keen to use it

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Jojoba plant oil qualities

It has no fishy odour.

The crude oil contains no steering and requires

little or no treatment for industrial usage. It takes up large amount of sulphur.

It does not darken on sulpharisation.

The highly sulpharised oil is liquid, whereas spermwhale oil when sulpharised requires addition of

mineral oil to remain liquid.

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As an Alternative fuel

Because it releases a lot of energy when it burns and

is chemically stable at the high temperatures and

pressures in a working engine Because it contains less carbon than diesel, so there

are lower emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon

dioxide and soot

Use of jojoba as a fuel needs huge quantities of seeds,

which needs large investment, probably by the

government or private sector

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Farmers in Egypt are already planting

jojoba shrubs with the idea of providing

the oil for fuel Government Incentives - Subsidy on

growing of Jojoba in India

http://www.ajorp.com/incentives.htm

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Cultivation in India

In India, some parts of Kutch in Gujarat andJodhpur in Rajasthan intensive cultivation of

Jojoba is being done Gujarat State Rural Development Corporation

Ltd (GSRDC) has undertaken commercialcultivation of Jojoba at its Munjpur farm inSami Taluka of Patan district. For almost oneyear GSRDC is cultivating Jojoba plantationson its 50-hectare farm in Munjpur plot

commercially

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Rajasthan government has allotted 110 hectare

of wastelands including 70 hectare at Fatehpur inSikar district and 40 hectare at Dhand in Jaipur

district for jojoba plantation.

Jojoba plantation project was formulated in1995 for a period of five years.

Jojoba in the country is now being grown in an

estimated area of about 335 hectare and the area

is increasing every year. The production estimatefor this plantation is 25 million tonne. About 90

per cent of the jojoba cultivation is in Rajasthan.

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The rest is in Pune in Maharashtra, Gujarat and

Tamil Nadu The cost of production of Jajoba depending on

land availablity, irrigation facility including tubewell has varied from Rs 15,000 to Rs one lakh

for a period of first four years The cost-benefit ratio is 1:3.4. The cost of

production of one kg of jojoba in US is Rs 132,in Israel it is Rs 68 and in India it is Rs 20. This

low cost of production in the country gives it acompetitive edge

AJORP has bought two tonnes of Jojoba seedsfrom farmers cultivating in 150 hectares

Rajasthan at the rate of Rs 125 per kg

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Indian Institute of Petroleum,

DehradunHas developed process, products and formulations Two stroke engine oil

Sulphurisation of Jojoba oil for extreme pressureadditives

Industrial gear oil formulations using sulphurisedJojoba oil of

- low sulphur content.

- high sulphur content. Catalytic hydrogenation of Jojoba oil for Jojoba

wax

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PILOT PROJECTS UNDER

TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Standardization of vegetative

propagation of jojoba CAZRI Jodhpur

(1994-1997) Jojoba plantation and research project,

AJORP Jaipur (2000-2005)

Study of jojoba seeds and oil from Indianlocations for quality and other aspects,IIP Dehradun, UP

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Environment Friendly

Jojoba is eco-friendly or environmentfriendly

Deep root system makes it as soilstabiliser

Can be planted to beautify the landscape

or on highway and roadside in greenbelts around the desert towns of Rannof Kutch

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Thank You

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