jonathan lloyd school of earth, atmospheric and environmental sciences the university of manchester...
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![Page 1: Jonathan Lloyd School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences The University of Manchester Geomicrobiology.co.uk jon.lloyd@manchester.ac.uk Land](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfc81a28abf838ca8769/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Jonathan Lloyd
School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences
The University of Manchester
Geomicrobiology.co.uk
Land Bioremediation and Bionanotechnology
Industrial Uses of Bacteria19 May 2010 - IOM3, London
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Plan• Introduction to “Geomicrobiology” & “Bionanotechnology”• Nanomaterials for remediation• Microbial iron cycling and the production of functional nanomaterials
– Bionanomagnetite production– Incorporation of trace elements; Co ferrites– Treatment of metals (Cr(VI)/Tc(VII))– Treatment of organics (azo dyes, nitrobenzene, TCE)– Novel, multifunctional catalysts with precious metal coatings
• Future research
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Geomicrobiology
Microbial ecology
Microbial physiology
Biochemistry
Molecular biology
Systems biology
Geochemistry
Inorganic chemistry
Mineralogy
Isotope chemistry
Environmental/civilengineering
Biology Science / engineering
Geomicrobiology“The role microbes play or have played in geological processes”
Ehrlich, 1996
Physics Computation
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Geomicrobiology
Includes•The origin of life•Life on other planets•The control of Earth’s chemistry•Environmental mobility of metals, radionuclides
and organics•Bioremediation•Bionanotechnology
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Bionanotechnology
•Nanotechnology “engineering and manufacturing at nanometer scales,
with atomic precision”•Bionanotechnology “subset of nanotechnology; atomic level
engineering and manufacturing using biological precedents for
guidance”
Goodsell (2004) “Bionanotechnology: Lessons from Nature”
•Emphasis; vision of precision assembly of complex large-scale systems
incorporating biomolecular devices. Interfaces with “Synthetic Biology”
•Manchester Geomicrobiology Group has focused on engineering
biominerals to augment bioremediation potential of subsurface bacteria
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Environmental nanotechnology
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Environmental Bionanotechnology
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Dissimilatory metal reduction
Focus of Manchester Geomicrobiology group• Mechanisms• Environmental impact• Biotechnological applications
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Microbial metal reduction•Widely distributed through prokaryotic world•Transition metals, metalloids, actinides•Dissimilatory and resistance processes
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Metal reduction; mechanisms•Electron transfer mechanisms in Fe(III)-reducing bacteria e.g. Geobacter
(proteins, genes, secreted mediators)•Mechanisms of reduction of trace elements and radionuclides•Development of molecular scale model for electron transfer to mineral surfaces
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Metal reduction; environmental impact
From Islam et al. 2004 Nature 430 68-71
Mobilisation of As(III) by metal-reducing bacteria
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Metal reduction; environmental impactBiogeochemistry of radionuclides
Organics or H2
CO2 and/orH2O
Soluble U(VI)
Insoluble U(IV)
e-
Drigg nuclear repository
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Functional bionanominerals
•Bionano-ferrite spinels – ‘designer’ nanomagnets•Precious metal (Pd, Ag, Au) and Fe-based catalytic bionanoparticles•Bionano-chalcogenides - diluted magnetic semiconductors and quantum dots
Pd
Pd
Magnetite supportedBionano magnetite
catalyst
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Why are magnetic nanoparticles important?
• magnetic data storage • catalysis• biosensors • drug delivery• cancer therapy• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)• environmental remediation
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Magnetite bioproduction
Geobacter sulfurreducens
Examples with trace metals added to system during or after magnetite production
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Incorporation of trace elements
Bioengineering Co ferrites
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X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism
• Element, site and symmetry selective ; quantitative information on site occupancies in magnetic minerals.
• Inverse spinel structure of magnetite is Fe3+[Fe2+Fe3+]O4 (see left). tet=tetrahedral, oct=octahedral site.
• Possible to substitute Fe2+ with other transition metals (and change the magnetic properties of the spinel)Octahedral sites Tetrahedral sites
Oxygen
Fe2+ Oct Fe3+ Tet Fe3+ Oct Tet[oct]
0.900 0.966 1.134 Fe0.97[Fe2.03]O4
Occupancies of Geobacter magnetite
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Geobacter sulfurreducensCobalt-substituted magnetites