josé andréu _ mitigation program across multiple sectors - ghg mitigation in urban areas
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Smart City Expo & World Congress
MITIGATION PROGRAM ACROSS MULTIPLE SECTORS
GHG MITIGATION IN URBAN AREAS THROUGH A CITY-WIDE APPROACH
CARBON FINANCE UNIT, THE WORLD BANK
BARCELONA, DECEMBER 1, 2011
José Andréu
1. Cities and GHG
2. Multi-sector approach in Cities
3. Cities and climate change
4. On-going work in Cities on GHG mitigation
Content
3
Why are Cities important for GHG mitigation?
Cities need to build infrastructure now, to
support the large population inflow, making
them the fastest growing source of GHG
emissions
Cities continuously face the challenge to
balance development and environmental needs
Access to finance is critical to facilitate
low-GHG development in cities
67% of world's energy
supply
70% global GHG
emissions
Source: World Bank Institute
GHG emissions in Cities
Transportation of
Waste Waste Transport
Urban
Forestry
Water
Grey water reuse
Sludge treatment Pedestrian
comfort
Energy
Traffic
management
systems
Biogas-to-
energy
Efficient water
pumping
Heat
island effect
Sources of emissions:
1. Transport
2. Solid waste
3. Water
4. Energy usage
Emission sink:
Urban forestry
Cities already work in a multi-sector framework
Regulations such as
building codes, vehicular
emission and specific
awareness campaigns.
City
Authorities
are
responsible
for:
Understanding the
needs of their growing
population
Improving the quality of
living for its residents
through urban planning
and improved delivery of
municipal services.
Urban services like
transport, waste, public
buildings, water services
and forestry (parks,
recreation areas).
Defining City’s future through
exercises such as, Master plans and
development strategies that outline
a vision for the city
Source: World Bank Institute
Marginal abatement cost curve for Mexico
• Cities have a major
role as emissions and
mitigation options are
concentrated there
• Transportation has a
large share
• Municipal services
and regulations under
its direct control
provide major
potential
• Benefits outweigh
the costs of these
mitigation actions
Recreated from Johnson et al. 2009
Illustration of GHG mitigation impact U
nit
To
ns o
f C
O2
e
(Cu
mu
lati
ve
)
Assumptions: • 10% Annual growth of emissions in the Business As Usual (BAU) scenario • Technology or measures implemented in each sector • Implementation start date and length varies for project interventions in the 10 year period • Emissions and emission reductions are cumulative
Year 1 10
GHG
Emission
Reductions
Cities are also engaged with climate change
Conduct a baseline inventory of global warming pollutants
Develop a local Climate Action Plan (CAP) to implement
actions that reduce global warming pollution
Implement the local Climate Action Plan
Measure, verify and report performance
Establish a target to lower emissions
1
2
3
4
5
ICLEI’s Cities for Climate Protection Campaign
The CCP’s 5 Milestones provides a simple, standardized means to enable communities to effectively
reduce the emissions from both government operations and the community as a whole.
Source: World Bank Institute Local Governments for sustainability – www.iclei.org
Other key initiatives supporting climate change agenda in Cities are: UNEP, UN-HABITAT, Cities
Alliance, C40, UCLG
A variety of ongoing tools are such as Global City Indicators program, GHG Emission Standard…
Greater Amman CWACF Program Framework
Amman Green
Growth Program
Urban
Transport Waste
Sustainable
Energy Urban
Forestry
Landfill gas to energy
Plastics Recycling
Slaughterhouse waste-to-
energy
EE street lighting
Residential CFL
Solar water heaters
Wind farm
Buildings EE
Bus Rapid Transit
system
Light Rail Transit
system
Fuel switch for public
vehicles
Plantations
Urban agriculture
The Rio de Janeiro CWACF Program Framework
MRV System
Registry
Rio Participants
Verifier
Carbon
Markets
Businesses
Rio’s Reduction
Target
Project Data
Retired Sold
Industry
Carbon
Assets
$
11
Mexico -- Scaling-up of mitigation action: from a PoA to NAMA
Mitigation action is scaled up
from PoAs to NAMAs through
incremental enhancement to:
increased penetration (more
houses covered during the
same time) through additional
mortage providing entities
and/or
technology up-scaling (more
ambitious efficiency standards
and/or inclusion of additional
technologies).
Residential and Urban
NAMAs consist of measures
with robust MRV so that it will
be a creditable NAMA
Increase in mortgage penetration
CONAVI INFONAVIT
More tech
nolo
gies u
sed
CF
L
SH
W
Eff W
H
Imp In
su
Eff R
ef E
ff AC
L
ED
light
PV
PoA-2 Hipoteca Verde
PoA-1 Esta es tu Casa
FOVISSSTE SHF
Residential NAMA
Urban NAMA
