joshua liggett ronald e. mcnair scholar project advisor charles ettner, ph.d. department of...
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J O S H UA L I G G E TT R O N A L D E . M C N A I R S C H O L A R
P R O J E C T A DV I S O R
C H A R L E S E TT N E R , P H . D.
D E PA RT M E N T O F A N T H R O P O L O G Y
Understanding the Tangled WebInteraction of Indigenous Peoples and Missionaries at Mission Nuestra Senora de la Soledad
SIMPLY:
AN ANALYSIS OF MISSION RECORDS
The Project
The Project:• This research is aimed at providing
a more vivid understanding of the many peoples who lived and died at Mission Soledad. Particularly, understandings of interactions At Contact
• The main goal of this line of research is to elucidate the various patterns found in the data of those persons of Esselen and Chalon ancestry, who were the primary groups housed at Mission Soledad.
• Involves examination of various mission records of Mission Soledad, to include baptismal and marriage records
• Note: there are no extant death records from Mission Soledad.
• Comprised of the Catholic Missions of the South Coast region, extending as far north as Chowchilla, south as far as Visalia and east as far as Fresno and Clovis, even into the foot hills near modern-day Coarsegold.
1792
1797
1812?
1840
MissionNuestra Senora de la
Soledad
Background• Nuestra Senora de la
Soledad, or Mission Soledad, was founded in 1791 and one of twenty-one Franciscan missions established in what was formerly known as “Alta California”.
• Recent work has been done on the inclusive region north to San Francisco Bay area, and south to San Jose. The principle investigator, Dr. Randall Milliken, identified the impact of the California Mission system. Particularly, Milliken identified how the tribes were brought into the mission system. On another note, Milliken also analyzed the various effects on the tribes or tribelets in question.
• This particular line of research, similar in kind, to the work of Milliken, takes up the study where he left off.
The Mission Records
The Mission Records
TRIBES – TRIBELETS – TRIBAL AREAS
Various Origins
Tribelets• Tribe: Arroyo Seco
• Tribelet: Rancheria de Arroyo Seco
• Tribal Area/Region:As Shown to the Right
• As put forth by Randal Milliken, Ph.D. in his article on Priest Valley (2006)
• In the loose regional community, clusters of family groups shared numerous short-term villages within extensive named territories. The territorial boundaries of such regions were vague, and the constituent villages lacked centralized leadership.
• Precise areas such as tribelet and village locations
• Vague, harder-to-define areas like communities, groups, and homelands
Pomo Tribelets
Esselen Territory
Baptismal Totals
Above: The Aspasniajan Village of Pino
Middle: Conversion of Paiiu Village
Below: Village totals for Arroyo Seco Region, Graph of Village Totals
# of Converts Standard Origin Village Time Period First BapID
66 Ymmunajan Cuchúnu, rch. De, Cuchunu
4/30/1792 - 3/12/1806 SO0026
14 Ymmunajan Ymmuniajan, Ymmuiajan
5/26/1792 - 9/6/1799 SO0033
4 YmmunajanJappaymusnu, Japaimusnu, rch., Japaymoxno, rch.
6/17/1792 - 9/29/1794 SO0040
2 Ymmunajan Guayaguayasno, rch., Guayauyayas
6/17/1792 - 7/22/1797 SO0042
1 Ymmunajan - 6/17/1792 SO00431 Ymmunajan - 7/17/1792 SO0084
27 Ymmunajan Arroyo Seco * .. En, Arroyo Seco
8/14/1793 - 8/6/1805 SO0393
1 Ymmunajan Agualzo 7/14/1798 SO04231 Ymmunajan Playa, natural de 4/2/1802 SO08311 Ymmunajan Sierra 4/25/1807 SO1303
# of Converts Standard Origin Village Time Period First BapID
95 Aspasniajan Pino, Ranch. Del Pino
11/23/1791 – 8/6/1805 13 years, 11 months, 22 days
SO0001
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100
100
1807
# of Converts Standard Origin Village Time Period First BapID
32 Piiau Piau, Piáu rumbo Chalon, … 7/15/1792 SO0071
792 1793
Mission Soledad Baptisms, 1770 - 1775
12/27/1770 1/17/1773 3/2/1773 6/1/1773 9/8/1773 2/1/1774 9/2/1774 3/8/1775 7/2/1775 7/25/1775 9/10/1775
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1770 - 1773
1774 – 4/1775
5/1775 – 12/1775
Baptismal Totals
…AT A GLANCE
Marriage Records
A Sample of Marriage Records
Marriage # Date Husbands Origin Wife's Origin Husband's BapID Wife's BapID
SO0002 5/3/1792 Chatlon Macalachopos SO0140 SO0392
SO0014 12/1/1792 Chatlon Pinonay SO0140 SO0363
SO0081 8/6/1797 Chalon, R.a Junutca, R.a SO0362 SO0262
SO0084 9/11/1797 Chalon, R. Eslat, R. SO0029 SO0039
SO0097 8/24/1798 Arroyo Seco Chalon SO0019 SO0020
SO0104 12/16/1798 Chalon, rumbo de Pino SO0653 SO0662
SO0147 5/17/1800 Chalon, rumbo de Chalon, rumbo de SO0678 SO0681
SO0150 6/21/1800 Chalon, rumbo de Chalon, rumbo de SO0677 SO0680
SO0151 6/21/1800 Chalon, rumbo de Chalon, rumbo de SO0174 SO0153
SO0205 6/13/1802 Pino Arroyo Seco SO1663 SO1921
SO0529 2/11/1821 Chalon Tular SO0170 SO1604
SO0578 10/24/1822 Pitcatse Pitcatse SO0230 SO0336
Cantua CreekListed in Mission Records as “frente de San Benito”
Esselen GroupsStrong documentation
A Look at
N
While the goal of this line of research is to elucidate the patterns by which Native Americans were sought out by the forces of conversion coming from the missions of California, it is important to note that beyond the data, the numbers and the records are the lives of real people who lived, loved, and died.
While the missions brought certain boons to Alta California, disease and destruction of culture also entered the world of Native California due to the mission system
THERE ARE MANY MORE MISSIONS TO BEYOND
MISSION NUESTRA SENORA DE LA SOLEDAD
THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY WILL LAY THE GROUND WORK FOR THE VARIOUS MISSIONS TO FOLLOW
THIS PRESENTATION IS THE FIRST REPORT ON A LINE OF RESEARCH THAT WILL EXTEND THROUGHOUT THE
REMAINING MISSIONS OF CALIFORNIA
The End…?
Questions