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PROJECT MANUAL

Jouett MS Security ImprovementsJouett Middle School

Albemarle County Public Schools

ALBEMARLE COUNTY, VIRGINIA

IFB# 2016-06083-90

VOLUME 2 OF 2

PREPARED BY

RRMM ARCHITECTSARCHITECTURE ■ PLANNING ■ INTERIORS

MECHANICSVILLE, VIRGINIA

MAY 15, 2016

JOUETT MS SECURITY IMPROVEMENTS RRMM PROJECT NO. 14231.04

PROJECT DIRECTORY 1

PROJECT DIRECTORY

OWNER: Albemarle County Public SchoolsCharlottesville, Virginia Owner’s Rep: Project Management Division at Facilities and EnvironmentalServices Department, Room 420 401 McIntire RoadCharlottesville, VA 22902Phone: O (434) 872-4501

ARCHITECT: RRMM Architects9097 Atlee Station Road, Suite 101Mechanicsville, Virginia 23116Project Manager: Jack Clark, ArchitectPhone: C (757) 639-616

CIVIL ENGINEERS: Timmons Group919 2nd Street S.E.Charlottesville, VA 22902Project Manager: Craig KotarskiPhone: O (434) 327-1688

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS: Speight Marshall Francis.2125 McComas Way, Suite 103Virginia Beach, Virginia 23456 Project Manager: Danny RuddPhone: O (804) 955-9762

PME ENGINEERS: Simmons, Rockecharlie & Prince, Inc.8416 Glazebrook AvenueRichmond, Virginia 23228Project Manager: Tom Rockecharlie, IIIPhone: O (804) 262-7323


TABLE OF CONTENTS TOC - 1

INVITATION FOR BIDSJouett Middle School Security Improvements

IFB # 2016-06083-90

PROJECT MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume 2 of 2

PROJECT DIRECTORY

DIVISION 15 – MECHANICAL

15010 BASIC MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS15050 BASIC MECHANICAL MATERIALS AND METHODS15060 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS15075 MECHANICAL IDENTIFICATION15080 MECHANICAL INSULATION15732 PACKAGE ROOFTOP HEAT PUMPS15815 METAL DUCTS15820 DUCT ACCESSORIES15855 DIFFUSERS, REGISTERS, AND GRILLES15950 TESTING, ADJUSTING, AND BALANCING

DIVISION 16 – ELECTRICAL

16010 BASIC ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS16050 BASIC ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND METHODS16060 GROUNDING AND BONDING16080 ELECTRICAL TESTING16120 CONDUCTORS AND CABLES16130 RACEWAYS AND BOXES16140 WIRING DEVICES16410 ENCLOSED SWITCHES AND CIRCUIT BREAKERS16511 LED INTERIOR LIGHTING

DIVISION 31 – EARTHWORK

310500 GENERAL SITEWORK REQUIREMENTS311000 SITE CLEARING312000 EARTHWORK312100 EARTHWORKS FOR BUILDINGS312200 EROSION CONTROL313116 TERMITE CONTROL


TABLE OF CONTENTS TOC - 2

DIVISION 32 – EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS

321313 SITE CONCRETE329200 LAWNS AND GRASSES329300 EXTERIOR PLANTS

END OF TABLE OF CONTENTS

JOUETT MIDDLE SCHOOL SECURITY IMPROVEMENTS RRMM PROJECT NO. 14231.04

BASIC MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS 15010 - 1

SECTION 15010 - BASIC MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 1 Specification sections, apply to this and all other sections of Division 15.

1.2 WORK INCLUDED

A. All labor, materials, appliances, equipment, tools, transportation, superintendence, and services necessary for and reasonably incidental to execution of a complete mechanical system for the building areas shall be provided as herein specified and as indicated. All minor equipment, piping, valves, connections, specialties and appurtenances required to complete the systems and necessary to their proper operation, shall be provided.

1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Codes and Standards:

1. Virginia Statewide Building Code Compliance: Comply with applicable requirements of Virginia Statewide Building Code.

2. NEMA Compliance: Comply with applicable requirements of NEMA Standard Publications pertaining to raceways.

3. UL Compliance and Labeling: Comply with applicable requirements of UL safety standards.

4. NEC Compliance: Comply with applicable requirements of National Electric Code.

1.4 INTENT

A. Where any specific materials, process, or method of construction, or manufactured article is specified by name or by reference to the catalogue number of a manufacturer, the specifications are to be used as a guide and are not intended to take precedence over the basic duty and performance. Contractor shall verify the duty and performance with the specific characteristics of the equipment offered for installation.

1. Conflicts between model numbers and performance requirements shall be resolved before submitting shop drawings. Failure to do so may result in Contractor having to remove and replace, at his expense, this work.

1.5 REQUIREMENTS FOR BIDDERS

A. Contractor shall examine the drawings relating specifically to this work and assume responsibility for the proper fitting of the material and equipment in the building as indicated with the existing clearances; examine the drawings and specifications relating to the work of



all trades; become fully informed as to the extent and character of all other work; visit the site; make arrangements to avoid conflicts and interference with other features of construction and fully coordinate all components of this system so that they can be installed in proper relationship to other work and to the best interest of Owner.

1. The Drawings are to be considered diagrammatic, not necessarily showing in detail or scale all minor items. Unless specific dimensions are shown, the structural, architectural and site conditions shall govern the exact locations. Contractor shall follow drawings in laying out work, check drawings of trades to verify spaces in which work will be installed and maintain maximum head room, and space conditions at all points. Where head room, or space conditions appear inadequate, Engineer shall be notified before proceeding with installation. This Contractor shall, without extra charge, make field modification in layout as needed to prevent conflict with work of various trades or proper execution of the work.

2. Examine all drawings carefully prior to submitting a bid. Contractor will be required to furnish, install and or connect with appropriate services all mechanical items shown on mechanical drawings without additional expenses to the Owner. If discrepancies, conflicts, interferences or omissions occur between drawings, notify in writing the Engineer in ample time to permit revisions before the bids are submitted.

1.6 PRODUCT SUBSTITUTIONS:

A. When two or more items of same material or equipment are required (plumbing fixtures, pumps, valves, air conditioning units, etc.) they shall be of the same manufacturer. Product manufacturer uniformity does not apply to raw materials, bulk materials, pipe, tube, fittings (except flanged types), sheet metal, wire, steel bar stock, welding rods, solder, fasteners, motors for dissimilar equipment units, and similar items used in work, except as otherwise indicated.

B. Provide products which are compatible within systems and other connected items.

C. Where Contractor proposes to use any item of equipment other than that indicated which requires any redesign of the structure, partitions, foundations, piping, ductwork, wiring, or of any other part of the electrical, mechanical or architectural layout, all such redesign, and all new drawings and detailing required therefore, shall, be approved by Engineer, and shall be prepared by Contractor at his own expense.

D. Where such approved deviation requires a different quantity and/or arrangement of ductwork, piping, wiring, conduit and equipment from that specified or indicated, Contractor shall provide same at no additional cost to Owner subject to approval by Engineer. Contractor requesting the change shall notify all trades involved and receive from the affected contractors a statement approving the deviation; failure to secure this approval shall subject Contractor requesting the deviations to all back charges rendered by the other affected Contractors.

1.7 RULES, PERMITS AND FEES

A. Contractor shall give all necessary notices, pay all connection fees including backflow prevention fee; obtain and pay for all permits; file all necessary drawings; prepare all documents and obtain all necessary approvals of all governmental departments having



jurisdiction; obtain all required Certificates of Inspection for his work and deliver same to Engineer before request for acceptance and final payment for the work.

1.8 MATERIAL AND WORKMANSHIP

A. Unless specified otherwise hereinafter, all materials and apparatus required for the work shall be new, of first-class quality, and shall be furnished, delivered, erected, connected and finished in every detail, and shall be so selected and arranged as to fit properly into the building spaces. Where no specific kind of quality of material is given, a first-class standard article as approved by Engineer shall be furnished. All work shall be performed in a neat and workmanlike manner by mechanics specially trained in the trade involved.

B. Unless otherwise specifically indicated on the drawings, or in the specifications, all equipment and materials shall be applied subject to approval of Engineer, in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer. This includes the performance of such tests as the manufacturer recommends.

1.9 UTILITY SERVICES

A. Existing Utilities: Maintain services indicated to remain and protect them against damage during selective demolition operations.

B. Do not interrupt existing utilities serving occupied or operating facilities unless authorized in writing by Owner and authorities having jurisdiction. Provide temporary services during interruptions to existing utilities, as acceptable to Owner and to authorities having jurisdiction.

1. Provide at least 72 hours’ notice to Owner if shutdown of service is required during changeover.

1.10 RECORD DOCUMENTS

A. Prepare record documents to indicate the following installed conditions:

1. Mains and branches of piping systems, with valves and control devices located.

2. Equipment locations (exposed and concealed), dimensioned from prominent building lines.

1.11 MAINTENANCE MANUALS

A. Prepare maintenance manuals to include the following information for equipment items:

1. Description of function, normal operating characteristics and limitations, performance curves, engineering data and tests, and complete nomenclature and commercial numbers of replacement parts.

2. Manufacturer's printed installation instructions and application data.



3. Manufacturer's printed operating procedures to include start-up, break-in, and routine and normal operating instructions; regulation, control, stopping, shutdown, and emergency instructions; and summer and winter operating instructions.

4. Maintenance procedures for routine preventative maintenance and troubleshooting; disassembly, repair, and reassemble; aligning and adjusting instructions.

5. Servicing instructions and lubrication charts and schedules.

1.12 DEMOLITION

A. Protect existing mechanical equipment and installations indicated to remain. If damaged or disturbed in the course of the Work, remove damaged portions and install new products of equal capacity, quality, and functionality.

B. Accessible Work: Remove exposed mechanical equipment and installation, indicated to be demolished, in their entirety.

C. Remove demolished material from Project site.

D. Remove, store, clean, reinstall, reconnect, and make operational components indicated for relocation or reuse. Verify operation and performance before relocation.

E. Air Conditioning Equipment: Remove equipment without releasing refrigerants.

1.13 CUTTING AND PATCHING

A. Cut, channel, chase, and drill walls, partitions, ceilings, and other surfaces required to permit mechanical installations. Perform cutting by skilled mechanics of trades involved.

B. Repair and refinish disturbed finish materials and other surfaces to match adjacent undisturbed surfaces. Install new fireproofing where existing firestopping has been disturbed. Repair and refinish materials and other surfaces by skilled mechanics of trades involved.

1.14 REFINISHING AND TOUCHUP PAINTING

A. Refinish and touch up paint.

1. Clean damaged and disturbed areas and apply primer, intermediate, and finish coats to suit the degree of damage at each location.

2. Follow paint manufacturer’s written instructions for surface preparation and for timing and application of successive coats.

3. Repair damage to galvanized finishes with zinc-rich paint recommended by manufacturer.

4. Repair damage to paint finishes with matching touchup coating recommended by manufacturer.



5. Existing air devices in ceilings to remain shall be cleaned and restored to like new condition.

1.15 CLEANING AND PROTECTION

A. On completion of installation inspect exposed finish. Remove burrs, dirt, paint spots, and construction debris.

B. Protect equipment and installations and maintain conditions to ensure that coatings and finishes are without damage or deterioration at time of Substantial Completion.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

NOT APPLICABLE

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Existing Conditions: The existence and location of site improvements, utilities, mechanical systems, and other construction indicated as existing are not guaranteed. Before beginning work, investigate and verify the existence and location of mechanical and electrical systems and other construction affecting the Work.

1. Before construction, verify the location and points of connection of utility services.

2. Start of work by Contractor shall be considered as acceptance by him of all claims or questions as to suitability of the work of other trades or other Contractors to receive his work. This Contractor shall remove and replace, at his expense, all HVAC work which may have to be removed because of interference with other trades.

B. Existing Utilities: The existence and location of underground and other utilities and construction indicated as existing are not guaranteed. Before beginning sitework, investigate and verify the existence and location of underground utilities and other construction affecting the Work.

1. Furnish location data for work related to Project that must be performed by public utilities serving Project site.

C. Acceptance of Conditions: Examine substrates, areas, and conditions, with Installer or Applicator present, for compliance with requirements for installation tolerances and other conditions affecting performance. Record observations.

1. Written Report: Prepare a written report listing conditions detrimental to performance of the Work, include the following:

a. Description of the Work.b. List of detrimental conditions, including substrates.c. List of unacceptable installation tolerances.d. Recommended corrections.



2. Verify compatibility with and suitability of substrates, including compatibility with existing finishes.

3. Examine roughing-in for mechanical and electrical systems to verify actual locations of connections before equipment and fixture installation.

4. Examine walls and floors for suitable conditions where products and systems are to be installed.

5. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected. Proceeding with the Work indicates acceptance of surfaces and conditions.

3.2 PREPARATION

A. Existing Utility Interruptions: Do not interrupt utilities serving facilities occupied by Owner or others unless permitted under the following conditions and then only after arranging to provide temporary utility services according to requirements indicated:

1. Notify Engineer not less than seven days in advance of proposed utility interruptions.2. Do not proceed with utility interruptions without Architect's written permission.

B. Field Measurements: Take field measurements as required to fit the Work properly. Recheck measurements before installing each product. Where portions of the Work are indicated to fit to other construction, verify dimensions of other construction by field measurements before fabrication. Coordinate fabrication schedule with construction progress to avoid delaying the Work.

C. Space Requirements: Verify space requirements and dimensions of items shown diagrammatically on Drawings.

D. Review of Contract Documents and Field Conditions: Immediately on discovery of the need for clarification of the Contract Documents, submit a request for information to Architect. Include a detailed description of problem encountered, together with recommendations for changing the Contract Documents.

3.3 INSTALLATION

A. General: Locate the Work and components of the Work accurately, in correct alignment and elevation, as indicated.

1. Make vertical work plumb and make horizontal work level.

2. Where space is limited, install components to maximize space available for maintenance and ease of removal for replacement.

3. Conceal pipes, ducts, and wiring in finished areas, unless otherwise indicated.

B. Comply with manufacturer's written instructions and recommendations for installing products in applications indicated.



C. Install products at the time and under conditions that will ensure the best possible results. Maintain conditions required for product performance until Substantial Completion.

D. Conduct construction operations so no part of the Work is subjected to damaging operations or loading in excess of that expected during normal conditions of occupancy.

E. Tools and Equipment: Do not use tools or equipment that produce harmful noise levels.

F. Anchors and Fasteners: Provide anchors and fasteners as required to anchor each component securely in place, accurately located and aligned with other portions of the Work.

1. Mounting Heights: Where mounting heights are not indicated, mount components at heights directed by Owner.

2. Allow for building movement, including thermal expansion and contraction.

G. Hazardous Materials: Use products, cleaners, and installation materials that are not considered hazardous.

3.4 STARTING AND ADJUSTING

A. Start equipment and operating components to confirm proper operation. Remove malfunctioning units, replace with new units, and retest.

B. Adjust operating components for proper operation without binding. Adjust equipment for proper operation.

C. Test each piece of equipment to verify proper operation. Test and adjust controls and safeties. Replace damaged and malfunctioning controls and equipment.

3.5 PROTECTION OF INSTALLED CONSTRUCTION

A. Provide final protection and maintain conditions that ensure installed Work is without damage or deterioration at time of Substantial Completion.

B. Comply with manufacturer's written instructions for temperature and relative humidity.

3.6 CORRECTION OF THE WORK

A. Repair or remove and replace defective construction. Restore damaged substrates and finishes.

1. Repairing includes replacing defective parts, refinishing damaged surfaces, touching up with matching materials, and properly adjusting operating equipment.

B. Restore permanent facilities used during construction to their specified condition.

C. Repair components that do not operate properly. Remove and replace operating components that cannot be repaired.



3.7 ROUGH-IN

A. Verify final locations and sizes for rough-ins with field measurements and with the requirements of the actual equipment to be connected.

3.8 SCHEDULE OF VALUES

A. Provide a breakdown of the Contract Sum in sufficient detail to facilitate continued evaluation of Applications for Payment and progress reports. Round amounts off to the nearest whole dollar; the total shall equal the Contract Sum. Minimum breakdown is as follows:

B. Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning:

1. Ductwork 2. Refrigeration equipment

3. Temperature control system, including control wiring.4. Testing, adjusting and balancing HVAC systems.5. Electrical6. Ceiling work7. Demolition8. Diffusers, Grilles, and Registers

END OF SECTION 15010


BASIC MECHANICAL MATERIALS AND METHODS 15050 - 1

SECTION 15050 - BASIC MECHANICAL MATERIALS AND METHODS

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes the following:

1. Mechanical demolition.2. Equipment installation requirements common to equipment sections.3. Painting and finishing.4. Concrete bases.5. Supports and anchorages.


A. Steel Support Welding: Qualify processes and operators according to AWS D1.1, "Structural Welding Code--Steel."

B. Electrical Characteristics for Mechanical Equipment: Equipment of higher electrical characteristics may be furnished provided such proposed equipment is approved in writing and connecting electrical services, circuit breakers, and conduit sizes are appropriately modified. If minimum energy ratings or efficiencies are specified, equipment shall comply with requirements.

PART 2 - EXECUTION

3.1 MECHANICAL DEMOLITION

A. Disconnect, demolish, and remove mechanical systems, equipment, and components indicated to be removed.

3.2 EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION - COMMON REQUIREMENTS

A. Install equipment to allow maximum possible headroom unless specific mounting heights are not indicated.

B. Install equipment level and plumb, parallel and perpendicular to other building systems and components in exposed interior spaces, unless otherwise indicated.

C. Install mechanical equipment to facilitate service, maintenance, and repair or replacement of components. Connect equipment for ease of disconnecting, with minimum interference to other installations. Extend grease fittings to accessible locations.

3.3 PAINTING

A. Damage and Touchup: Repair marred and damaged factory-painted finishes with materials and procedures to match original factory finish.

3.4 CONCRETE BASES


BASIC MECHANICAL MATERIALS AND METHODS 15050 - 2

A. Concrete Bases: Anchor equipment to concrete base according to equipment manufacturer's written instructions.

1. Construct concrete bases of dimensions indicated, but not less than 4 inches larger in both directions than supported unit.

2. Place and secure anchorage devices. Use supported equipment manufacturer's setting drawings, templates, diagrams, instructions, and directions furnished with items to be embedded.

3. Install anchor bolts to elevations required for proper attachment to supported equipment.

4. Install anchor bolts according to anchor-bolt manufacturer's written instructions.

5. Use 3000-psi, 28-day compressive-strength concrete and reinforcement as specified in Section "Cast-in-Place Concrete."

3.5 ERECTION OF METAL SUPPORTS AND ANCHORAGES

A. Cut, fit, and place miscellaneous metal supports accurately in location, alignment, and elevation to support and anchor mechanical materials and equipment.



HANGERS AND SUPPORTS 15060 - 1

SECTION 15060 - HANGERS AND SUPPORTS

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes the following hangers and supports for mechanical system piping and equipment:

1. Pipe hangers and supports.2. Metal framing systems.3. Fastener systems.

1.2 DEFINITIONS

A. MSS: Manufacturers Standardization Society for The Valve and Fittings Industry Inc.

B. Terminology: As defined in MSS SP-90, "Guidelines on Terminology for Pipe Hangers and Supports."

1.3 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

A. Design supports for multiple pipes, including pipe stands, capable of supporting combined weight of supported systems, system contents, and test water.

B. Design equipment supports capable of supporting combined operating weight of supported equipment and connected systems and components.

1.4 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For the following:

1. Pipe hangers and supports.2. Equipment supports.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 PIPE HANGERS AND SUPPORTS

A. Description: MSS SP-58, Types 1 through 58, factory-fabricated components. Refer to Part 3 "Hanger and Support Applications" Article for where to use specific hanger and support types.

B. Galvanized, Metallic Coatings: Pregalvanized or hot dipped.

2.2 METAL FRAMING SYSTEMS

A. Description: MFMA-3, shop- or field-fabricated pipe-support assembly made of steel channels and other components.

B. Coatings: Manufacturer's standard finish, unless bare metal surfaces are indicated.

C. Nonmetallic Coatings: Plastic coating, jacket, or liner.



2.3 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS

A. Structural Steel: ASTM A36, steel plates, shapes, and bars; black and galvanized.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 HANGER AND SUPPORT APPLICATIONS

A. Specific hanger and support requirements are specified in Sections specifying piping systems and equipment.

B. Comply with MSS SP-69 for pipe hanger selections and applications that are not specified in piping system Sections.

C. Use hangers and supports with galvanized, metallic coatings for piping and equipment that will not have field-applied finish.

D. Horizontal-Piping Hangers and Supports: Unless otherwise indicated and except as specified in piping system Sections, install the following types:

1. Adjustable, Steel Clevis Hangers (MSS Type 1): For suspension of noninsulated or insulated stationary pipes.

E. Building Attachments: Unless otherwise indicated and except as specified in piping system Sections, install the following types:

1. Top-Beam C-Clamps (MSS Type 19): For use under roof installations with bar-joist construction to attach to top flange of structural shape.

2. Center-Beam Clamps (MSS Type 21): For attaching to center of bottom flange of beams.

3. C-Clamps (MSS Type 23): For structural shapes.

F. Shields: Unless otherwise indicated and except as specified in piping system Sections, install Protection Shields (MSS Type 40).

3.2 HANGER AND SUPPORT INSTALLATION

A. Pipe Hanger Installation: Comply with MSS SP-69 and MSS SP-89. Install hangers, supports, clamps, and attachments as required to properly support piping from building structure.

B. Install hangers and supports complete with necessary inserts, bolts, rods, nuts, washers, and other accessories.

C. Install hangers and supports to allow controlled thermal movement of piping systems.

D. Install building attachments to structural steel. Install additional attachments at concentrated loads, including valves, and strainers, NPS 2-1/2 and larger and at changes in direction of piping.

E. Load Distribution: Install hangers and supports so piping live and dead loads and stresses from movement will not be transmitted to connected equipment.



F. Pipe Slopes: Install hangers and supports to provide indicated pipe slopes and so maximum pipe deflections allowed by ASME B31.9 are not exceeded.

G. Insulated Piping: Comply with the following:

1. Install protective shields on piping. Shields shall span an arc of 180 degrees.2. Shield Dimensions for Pipe: 12 inches long and 0.06 inch thick.

3.3 PIPE SUPPORTS SPACING

A. Install hangers for steel piping with the following maximum spacing and minimum rod sizes:

1. NPS 3/4 (DN 20): Maximum span, 7 feet; minimum rod size, 1/4 inch.

B. Install hangers for drawn-temper copper piping with the following maximum spacing and minimum rod sizes. Maximum span, 5 feet; minimum rod size, 1/4 inch.

3.4 ADJUSTING

A. Hanger Adjustments: Adjust hangers to distribute loads equally on attachments and to achieve indicated slope of pipe.

B. Trim excess length of continuous-thread hanger and support rods to 1-1/2 inches.

3.5 PAINTING

A. Touch Up: Cleaning and touchup painting of field welds, bolted connections, and abraded areas of shop paint on miscellaneous metal.

B. Galvanized Surfaces: Clean welds, bolted connections, and abraded areas and apply galvanizing-repair paint to comply with ASTM A 780.



MECHANICAL IDENTIFICATION 15075 - 1

SECTION 15075 - MECHANICAL IDENTIFICATION

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes the following mechanical identification materials and their installation:

1. Equipment markers.2. Pipe markers.3. Stencils.


A. ANSI Compliance: Comply with ANSI A13.1, "Scheme for the Identification of Piping Systems," for letter size, length of color field, and colors.

1.3 COORDINATION

A. Coordinate installation of identifying devices with completion of covering and painting of surfaces where devices are to be applied.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 PIPING IDENTIFICATION DEVICES

A. General: Preprinted, color-coded, with lettering indicating service, and showing direction of flow.

1. Type: Precoiled semi-rigid plastic formed to cover full circumference of pipe and to attach to pipe without adhesive.

2. Colors: Comply with ASME A13.1, unless otherwise indicated.

3. Lettering: Use piping system terms indicated and abbreviate only as necessary for each application length.

4. Size: Use size to ensure a tight fit.

2.2 STENCILS

A. Stencils: Minimum letter height of 1-1/2 inches for access panel and door markers, equipment markers, equipment signs, and similar operational instructions.

1. Stencil Paint: Exterior, gloss, alkyd enamel black.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EQUIPMENT IDENTIFICATION


MECHANICAL IDENTIFICATION 15075 - 2

A. Locate stenciled markers where accessible and visible. Stencil equipment identification on all equipment including unit filters. Mark all access doors as to use.

3.2 PIPING IDENTIFICATION

A. Install manufactured pipe markers indicating service on each piping system. Install with flow indication arrows showing direction of flow.

B. Locate pipe markers as follows:

1. Near each valve and control device.

2. Near each branch connection, excluding short takeoffs for fixtures and terminal units. Where flow pattern is not obvious, mark each pipe at branch.

3. Near major equipment items and other points of origination and termination.



MECHANICAL INSULATION 15080 - 1

SECTION 15080 - MECHANICAL INSULATION

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For each type of product indicated, identify thermal conductivity, thickness, and jackets both factory and field applied.


A. Installer Qualifications: Skilled mechanics who have successfully completed an apprenticeship program or another craft training program.

B. Fire-Test-Response Characteristics: Insulation and related materials shall have fire- test-response characteristics indicated.

1. Insulation Installed Indoors: Flame-spread index of 25 or less, and smoke-developed index of 50 or less.

2. Insulation Installed Outdoors: Flame-spread index of 75 or less, and smoke-developed index of 150 or less.

1.3 SCHEDULING

A. Schedule insulation application after pressure testing systems.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 INSULATION MATERIALS

A. Mineral-Fiber, Blanket Insulation: Mineral or glass fibers bonded with a thermosetting resin. Comply with ASTM C 547, Type I, Grade A, with factory-applied FSK jacket. Installed thermal conductivity (K-value) at 75 deg F is 0.23 BTU x in./h x sq. ft. x deg. F or less.

B. Mineral-Fiber, Preformed Pipe Insulation: Mineral or glass fibers bonded with a thermosetting resin. Comply with ASTM C 547, Type I, Grade A, with factory-applied ASJ jacket. Installed thermal conductivity (K-value) at 75 deg F is 0.23 BTU x in./h x sq. ft. x deg. F or less.

2.2 INSULATING CEMENTS

A. Mineral-Fiber, Hydraulic-Setting Insulating and Finishing Cement: Comply with ASTM C 449.

2.3 ADHESIVES, MASTICS & LAGGING

A. Materials shall be compatible with insulation materials, jackets, and substrates and for bonding insulation to itself and to surfaces to be insulated.

2.4 SEALANTS


MECHANICAL INSULATION 15080 - 2

A. Joint Sealants: Materials shall be compatible with insulation materials, jackets, and substrates.

2.5 FIELD-APPLIED JACKETS

A. Aluminum Jacket: Comply with ASTM B 209, Temper H-14, Outdoor Jacket: 3-mil-thick, waterproofing membrane for installation over insulation located aboveground outdoors.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

A. Surface Preparation: Clean and dry surfaces to receive insulation. Remove materials that will adversely affect insulation application.

3.2 DUCT AND PLENUM INSULATION INSTALLATION

1. Secure with adhesive and insulation pins.

3.3 FINISHES

A. Flexible Elastomeric Thermal Insulation: On outdoor applications, apply two coats of insulation manufacturer's recommended protective coating.

3.4 DUCT INSULATION SCHEDULE, GENERAL

A. Items Not Insulated:

1. Factory-insulated flexible ducts.2. Factory-insulated plenums and casings.3. Vibration-control devices.4. Factory-insulated access panels and doors.

3.5 INDOOR DUCT INSULATION SCHEDULE

A. Duct drops, supply and return ducts, flexible connections and top of diffusers insulation shall be the following:

1. Mineral-Fiber Blanket: 2.2 inches thick.

3.6 DOMESTIC HOT AND COLD WATER PIPING INSULATION SCHEDULE

A. Insulation shall be the following:

1. Mineral Fiber: 1” thick.



PACKAGE ROOFTOP HEAT PUMPS 15732 - 1

SECTION 15732 – PACKAGE ROOFTOP HEAT PUMPS

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes the following air conditioners:

1. Cooling and heating heat pump units.

1.2 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: Include manufacturer's technical data for each model indicated, including rated capacities, dimensions, required clearances, characteristics, furnished specialties, and accessories.

1. Wiring Diagrams: Power and control wiring.

B. Field quality-control test reports.

C. Operation and Maintenance Data: To include in operation and maintenance manuals.

D. Warranties: Special warranties specified in this Section.


A. Electrical Components, Devices, and Accessories: Listed and labeled as defined in NFPA 70, Article 100, by a testing agency acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction, and marked for intended use.

B. Fabricate and label refrigeration system to comply with ASHRAE 15, "Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration."

C. Energy-Efficiency Ratio: Equal to or greater than prescribed by ASHRAE 90.1, "Energy Efficient Design of New Buildings except Low-Rise Residential Buildings."

D. Coefficient of Performance: Equal to or greater than prescribed by ASHRAE 90.1, "Energy Efficient Design of New Buildings except Low-Rise Residential Buildings."

E. ARI Certification: Units shall be ARI 240 certified and listed.

1.4 COORDINATION

A. Coordinate installation of roof curbs, equipment supports, and roof penetrations.

1.5 WARRANTY

A. Special Warranty: Manufacturer's standard form in which manufacturer agrees to replace components that fail in materials or workmanship within specified warranty period.

1. Warranty Period for Compressors: Manufacturer's standard, but not less than five years from date of Substantial Completion.



PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 HEAT PUMPS

A. Description: Factory assembled and tested; designed for exterior installation; consisting of compressor, indoor and outside refrigerant coils, indoor fan and outside coil fan, refrigeration controls, 12” curb, filters, and dampers.

B. Casing: Galvanized-steel construction with enamel paint finish, hinged panels or access doors with neoprene gaskets for inspection and access to internal parts, minimum 1/2-inch- thick thermal insulation, knockouts for electrical and piping connections, exterior condensate drain connection, and lifting lugs.

C. Indoor Fan: Forward curved, centrifugal, directly driven by multispeed permanently lubricated motor with built-in thermal overload protection.

D. Outside Coil Fan: Propeller type, directly driven by permanently lubricated motor with built-in thermal overload protection.

E. Refrigerant Coils: Aluminum-plate fin and seamless copper tube in steel casing with equalizing-type vertical distributor.

1. Louvered Hail Coil guards, painted.

F. Compressor: Hermetic compressor with integral vibration isolators, internal overcurrent and overtemperature protection, internal pressure relief, and crankcase heater. Low ambient kit to 0 degrees.

G. Refrigeration System:

1. Four-way reversing valve.2. Thermal expansion valve with replaceable thermostatic element.3. Refrigerant filter dryer.4. High-pressure switch.5. Low-pressure switch.6. Thermostat for coil freeze-up protection during low-ambient temperature operation or

loss of air.7. Brass service valves installed in discharge and liquid lines.8. Charge of refrigerant.

H. Filters: 2-inch-thick, fiberglass throwaway filters in filter rack.

I. Electric Heat: Helix-wound, nickel-chrome, electric-resistance elements, factory wired for single-point wiring connection; with time delay for element staging, and overcurrent and overheat protective devices.

J. Power Connection: Provide for single connection of power to unit with field-mounted disconnect switch accessible from outside unit and control-circuit transformer with built-in circuit breaker.

K. Unit Controls: Solid-state control board and components contain at least the following features:



1. Indoor fan on/off delay.2. Default control to ensure proper operation after power interruption.3. Unit diagnostics and diagnostic code storage.4. Field-adjustable control parameters.5. Defrost control.6. Electric heat staging.7. Minimum run time.8. Night setback mode.9. Return-air temperature limit.10. Low-refrigerant pressure control.

L. Controls: Terminal strip interface for tie in by BAS.

M. Economizer.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 INSTALLATION

A. Install units level and plumb, maintaining manufacturer's recommended clearances.

B. Unit Support: Install unit level on Curb. Secure units to structural support with anchor bolts.

3.2 CONNECTIONS

A. Piping installation requirements are specified in other Division 15 Sections. Drawings indicate general arrangement of piping, fittings, and specialties.

B. Duct installation requirements are specified in other Division 15 Sections. Drawings indicate the general arrangement of ducts. The following are specific connection requirements:

1. Install ducts to termination in roof curb.

2. Remove roof decking only as required for passage of ducts. Do not cut out decking under entire roof curb.

3. Connect supply and return ducts to rooftop unit with flexible duct connectors specified in Division 15 Section "Duct Accessories."

C. Electrical System Connections: Comply with applicable requirements in Division 16 Sections for power wiring, switches, and motor controls.

3.3 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Manufacturer's Field Service: Engage a factory-authorized service representative to inspect, test, and adjust field-assembled components and equipment installation, including connections, and to assist in field testing. Report results in writing.

B. Perform the following field quality-control tests and inspections and prepare test reports:

1. After installing rooftop air conditioners and after electrical circuitry has been energized, test units for compliance with requirements.



2. Inspect for and remove shipping bolts, blocks, and tie-down straps.

3. Operational Test: After electrical circuitry has been energized, start units to confirm proper motor rotation and unit operation.

4. Test and adjust controls and safeties. Replace damaged and malfunctioning controls and equipment.

C. Remove malfunctioning units, replace with new units, and retest as specified above.

3.4 ADJUSTING

A. Adjust initial temperature set points.

B. Set field-adjustable switches and circuit-breaker trip ranges as indicated.

C. Occupancy Adjustments: When requested within 12 months of date of Substantial Completion, provide on-site assistance in adjusting system to suit actual occupied conditions. Provide up to two visits to site outside normal occupancy hours for this purpose, without additional cost.

3.5 DEMONSTRATION

A. Engage a factory-authorized service representative to train Owner's maintenance personnel to adjust, operate, and maintain air conditioners.



METAL DUCTS 15815 - 1

SECTION 15815 - METAL DUCTS

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes metal ducts for supply, and return air-distribution systems in pressure classes from minus 2- to plus 10-inch wg. Metal ducts include the following:

1. Rectangular ducts and fittings.2. Single-wall, round ducts and fittings.

1.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

A. Duct system design, as indicated, has been used to select size and type of air-moving and -distribution equipment and other air system components. Changes to layout or configuration of duct system must be specifically approved in writing by Engineer. Accompany requests for layout modifications with calculations showing that proposed layout will provide original design results without increasing system total pressure.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 SHEET METAL MATERIALS

A. Comply with SMACNA’s "HVAC Duct Construction Standards – Metal and Flexible" for acceptable materials, material thicknesses, and duct construction methods, unless otherwise indicated. Sheet metal materials shall be free of pitting, seam marks, roller marks, stains, discolorations, and other imperfections.

B. Galvanized Sheet Steel: Lock-forming quality; complying with ASTM A 653 and having G90 coating designation; ducts shall have mill-phosphatized finish for surfaces exposed to view.

C. Aluminum Sheets: ASTM B 209, alloy 3003, temper H14; with mill finish for concealed ducts and standard, 1-side bright finish for exposed ducts.

D. Carbon-Steel Sheets: Comply with ASTM A 1008, with oiled, matte finish for exposed ducts.

E. Stainless-Steel Sheets: Comply with ASTM A 480, Type 304; cold rolled, annealed, sheet. Exposed surface finish shall be No. No. 4.

2.2 SEALANT MATERIALS

A. Joint and Seam Tape: Not allowed.

B. Solvent-Based Joint and Seam Sealant: One part, nonsag, non-flammable solvent-release-curing, polymerized butyl sealant, UL 181 B-M classified.

2.3 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS

A. Building Attachments: Concrete inserts, powder-actuated fasteners, or structural-steel fasteners appropriate for construction materials to which hangers are being attached.



B. Hanger Materials: Galvanized sheet steel or threaded steel rod.

C. Duct Attachments: Sheet metal screws, blind rivets, or self-tapping metal screws; compatible with duct materials.

2.4 RECTANGULAR DUCT FABRICATION

A. Fabricate ducts, elbows, transitions, offsets, branch connections, and other construction according to SMACNA's "HVAC Duct Construction Standards--Metal and Flexible" and complying with requirements for metal thickness, reinforcing types and intervals, tie-rod applications, and joint types and intervals.

1. Lengths: Fabricate rectangular ducts in lengths appropriate to reinforcement and rigidity class required for pressure class.

2. Deflection: Duct systems shall not exceed deflection limits according to SMACNA’s "HVAC Duct Construction Standards – Metal and Flexible."

B. Transverse Joints: Prefabricated slide-on joints and components constructed using manufacturer’s guidelines for material thickness, reinforcement size and spacing, and joint reinforcement.

C. Formed-On Flanges: Construct according to SMACNA’s "HVAC Duct Construction Standards –Metal and Flexible." Figure 1-4, using corner, bolt, cleat, and gasket details.

D. Cross Breaking or Cross Beading: Cross break or cross bead duct sides 19 inches and larger and 0.0359 inch thick or less, with more than 10 sq. ft. of nonbraced panel area unless ducts are lined.

2.5 SINGLE-WALL ROUND DUCTS AND FITTINGS

A. Transverse Joints: Select joint types and fabricate according to SMACNA's, Figure 3-2, "Round Duct Transverse Joints, unless otherwise indicated.

1. Joints in exposed spiral ducts smaller than 50 inches in diameter: Lindab Spiro Safe, or equal.

a. Seal shall provide maximum leakage class of 3 cfm/100 sq. ft. at -20" wg to +12 inch wg static pressure.

b. EPDM, Neoprene, or Butyl rubber O-ring seal, mechanically fastened to factory-fabricated couplings and fitting spigots.

B. Longitudinal Seams: Select seam types and fabricate according to SMACNA's " Figure 3-1, "Round Duct Longitudinal Seams", unless otherwise indicated.

1. Seams in exposed round ducts: spiral.2. Seams in concealed round ducts: Ductmate Green Seam sealed snap lock.

C. Tees and Laterals: Select types and fabricate according to SMACNA's Figure 3-4, "90 Degree Tees and Laterals," and Figure 3-5, "Conical Tees". Saddle tap not allowed.



PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 DUCT APPLICATIONS

A. Static-Pressure Classes: 2” wg.

B. All ducts shall be galvanized steel.

3.2 DUCT INSTALLATION

A. All duct offsets are not indicated on the drawings. Study the various layouts before duct fabrication and make such adjustments in exact routings as may be required for proper installation. Refer to framing plans and general building plans and coordinate with indicated clearances. Provide such offsets, bends, streamlined pipe casings, etc. as may be required for proper installation of the work in accordance with SMACNA. Ducts of equivalent friction loss shall be substituted upon written approval by Architect in order to satisfy job conditions requiring different sizes.

B. Construct and install ducts according to SMACNA's "HVAC Duct Construction Standards--Metal and Flexible," unless otherwise indicated.

C. Install ducts with fewest possible joints.

D. Install fabricated fittings for changes in directions, size, shape and for connections.

E. Install couplings tight to duct wall surface with a minimum of projections into duct. Secure couplings with sheet metal screws. Install screws at intervals of 12 inches, with a minimum of 3 screws in each coupling.

F. Install ducts with a clearance of 1 inch, plus allowance for insulation thickness.

G. Coordinate layout with suspended ceiling, and fire dampers, lighting layouts, and similar finished work.

H. Seal all joints and seams. Apply sealant to male end connectors before insertion, and afterward to cover entire joint and sheet metal screws.

I. Non-Fire-Rated Partition Penetrations: Where ducts pass through interior partitions, conceal spaces between construction openings and ducts or duct insulation with sheet metal flanges of same metal thickness as ducts. Overlap openings on 4 sides by at least 1-1/2 inches.

J. Protect exterior duct from the elements and foreign materials until sealed and insulated.

3.3 SEAM AND JOINT SEALING

A. Seal duct seams and joints according to SMACNA’s "HVAC Duct Construction Standards—Metal and Flexible" for duct pressure class indicated.

B. Seal ducts before external insulation is applied.

3.4 HANGING AND SUPPORTING



A. Support horizontal ducts within 24 inches of each elbow and within 48 inches of each branch intersection.

3.5 CONNECTIONS

A. Make connections to equipment with flexible connectors according to Division 15 Section "Duct Accessories."

B. Comply with SMACNA's "HVAC Duct Construction Standards--Metal and Flexible" for branch, outlet and inlet, connections.


A. Ducts shall have no noticeable leakage detectable by noise, feel or sight.



DUCT ACCESSORIES 15820 - 1

SECTION 15820 - DUCT ACCESSORIES

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY


1. Volume dampers.2. Turning vanes.3. Flexible connectors.4. Flexible ducts.5. Duct accessory hardware.

1.2 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For all the above.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 VOLUME DAMPERS

A. General Description: Factory fabricated, with required hardware and accessories. Stiffen damper blades for stability. Include locking device to hold single-blade dampers in a fixed position without vibration. Close duct penetrations for damper components to seal duct consistent with pressure class.

B. Standard Volume Dampers: Multiple- or single-blade, opposed-blade design as indicated, standard leakage rating, and suitable for horizontal or vertical applications.

1. Steel Frames: 3½ inch wide galvanized sheet steel, minimum of 18 gauge, with flangeless frames.

2. Roll-Formed Steel Blades: 20 gauge, galvanized sheet steel.

3. Blade Axles: 1/2 inch diameter.

4. Bearings: Flanged synthetic sleeve type.

5. Tie Bars and Brackets: Galvanized steel.

C. Jackshaft: Galvanized-steel pipe rotating within pipe-bearing assembly mounted on supports at each mullion and at each end of multiple-damper assemblies.

1. Length and Number of Mountings: Appropriate to connect linkage of each damper in multiple-damper assembly.

D. Damper Hardware: Zinc-plated, die-cast core with dial and handle made of zinc-plated steel, and a hexagon locking nut. Include center hole to suit damper operating-rod size. Include elevated platform for insulated duct mounting.

2.2 TURNING VANES


DUCT ACCESSORIES 15820 - 2

A. Fabricate to comply with SMACNA's "HVAC Duct Construction Standards--Metal and Flexible" for vanes and vane runners. Vane runners shall automatically align vanes.

2.3 FLEXIBLE CONNECTORS

A. General Description: Flame-retardant or noncombustible fabrics, coatings, and adhesives complying with UL 181, Class 1.

B. Indoor Metal-Edged Connectors: Factory fabricated with a fabric strip 3-1/2 inches wide attached to two strips of 2-3/4-inch-wide, 0.028-inch- thick, galvanized sheet steel or 0.032-inch-thick aluminum sheets.

C. Outdoor System, Flexible Connector Fabric: Glass fabric double coated with weatherproof, synthetic rubber resistant to UV rays and ozone.

1. Minimum Weight: 24 oz./sq. yd. 2. Tensile Strength: 530 lbf/inch in the warp and 440 lbf/inch in the filling.3. Service Temperature: Minus 50 to plus 250 deg F.

2.4 FLEXIBLE DUCTS

A. Insulated-Duct Connectors: UL 181, Class 1, 2-ply nylon fabric supported by helically wound, spring-steel wire; fibrous-glass insulation; reinforced aluminized vapor barrier film. Flexmaster Type 6 or equal.

1. Pressure Rating: 6-inch wg positive and 1.0-inch wg negative.2. Maximum Air Velocity: 4000 fpm.3. Temperature Range: Minus 20 to plus 250 deg F.4. Permeance: 0.05 perm based on ASTM E96.5. Thermal Conductance: 0.23.6. Attentuation: Based on 8 inch diameter, 9 foot length, 2500 FPM.

Db(HZ): 10(63), 29(125), 28(250), 30(500), 32(1000), 36(2000), 36(4000).

B. Flexible Duct Clamps: Stainless-steel band with cadmium-plated hex screw to tighten band with a worm-gear action, in sizes 3 through 18 inches to suit duct size.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 APPLICATION AND INSTALLATION

A. Install duct accessories according to applicable details in SMACNA's "HVAC Duct Construction Standards--Metal and Flexible".

B. Install control dampers where indicated.

C. Install flexible connectors immediately adjacent to equipment in ducts associated with fans and motorized equipment supported by vibration isolators.

D. Connect flexible ducts to metal ducts with duct clamps.



DIFFUSERS, REGISTERS, AND GRILLES 15855 - 1

SECTION 15855 - DIFFUSERS, REGISTERS, AND GRILLES

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes ceiling, and duct mounted diffusers, registers, and grilles.

1.2 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For each model indicated, include the following:

1. Data Sheet: For each type of unit, and accessory furnished; indicate construction, finish, and mounting details.

2. Schedule of units indicating drawing designation, room location, quantity, model number, size, accessories furnished and performance data including throw and drop, static-pressure drop, and noise ratings.


A. Ceiling/Wall Compatibility: Coordinate mounting trim with ceiling system and wall type. Refer to Architectural Drawings.

B. Finish: Units located in acoustical tile ceilings shall be white enamel; units located in painted surfaces shall be prime coat suitable for field painting.

1.4 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL

A. Testing: Test performance according to ASHRAE 70, “Method of Testing for Rating the Performance of Air Outlets and Inlets.”

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 SQUARE CEILING DIFFUSERS (SD)

A. Square ceiling diffusers shall be:

1. PRICE Model SCD.2. KRUEGER Model 1450.3. TITUS Model TMS.4. TUTTLE & BAILEY Model S12005. NAILOR RNS36. CARNES SFTB

B. Unit shall maintain effective air distribution even when the air volume varies over a considerable range. The model shall have three cones, which give a uniform face size and appearance when different neck sizes are used in the same area. All cones shall be one piece precision die-stamped; the back cone shall also include an integrally drawn inlet. The two



inner cones shall be constructed as a single, removable inner cone assembly for easy installation and cleaning. Diffusers shall be constructed of 24 gauge steel.

C. Units indicated with 12 x 12 face shall be mounted in a 24 x 24 in. panel.

D. Equalizing grid shall be provided.

E. Reducers shall be provided as required to transition from runout size to diffuser neck size.

2.2 STEEL RETURN/TRANSFER/EXHAUST GRILLES (G) OR REGISTERS (R)

A. Grilles shall be:

1. PRICE Model 530L.2. KRUEGER Model S80H. 3. TITUS Model 350R.4. TUTTLE & BAILEY Model T70D5. NAILOR 6145H6. CARNES RTABH

B. The fixed deflection blades shall be parallel to the long dimension of the grille or register. Construction shall be of steel with a 1¼" wide border on all sides. Screw holes shall be countersunk for a neat appearance. Corners shall be welded with full penetration resistance welds.

C. Blades shall be firmly held in place by mullions from behind the grille and fixed to the grille by welding in place. Blades shall be spaced 3/4" on center. Blade deflection angle shall be 45º.

D. Registers (R) shall have opposed blade volume damper shall be constructed of heavy gauge steel. Damper must be operable from the face of the register.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 INSTALLATION

A. Install units level and plumb, according to manufacturer’s written instructions, original design, and referenced standards.

B. Install units with airtight connection to ducts and to allow service and maintenance of dampers, air extractors, and fire dampers.

C. Ceiling-Mounted Units: Drawings indicate general arrangement of ducts, fittings, and accessories. Air outlet and inlet locations have been indicated to achieve design requirements for air volume, noise criteria, airflow pattern, throw, and pressure drop. Make final locations where indicated, as much as practicable. For units installed in lay-in ceiling panels, locate units in the center of the panel. Where architectural features or other items conflict with installation, notify Architect for a determination of final location.

D. Control Grids: Install perpendicular to direction of approaching air flow.



E. Registers: Units located where branch ducts are inaccessible for balancing shall be provided with opposed blade dampers accessible from face of register.

3.2 ADJUSTING

A. After installation, adjust units to air patterns indicated, or as directed, before starting air balancing.

3.3 CLEANING

A. After installation of units, inspect exposed finish. Clean exposed surfaces to remove burrs, dirt, and smudges. Replace units that have damaged finishes.



TESTING, ADJUSTING, AND BALANCING 15950 - 1

SECTION 15950 - TESTING, ADJUSTING, AND BALANCING

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes TAB to produce design objectives for the following:

1. Air Systems.2. Hydronic Piping Systems.3. Verifying that automatic control devices are functioning properly.4. Reporting results of activities and procedures specified in this Section.

1.2 SUBMITTALS

A. Certified TAB Reports: Submit four copies of reports prepared, as specified in this Section, on approved forms certified by TAB firm.

B. Warranties specified in this Section.


A. TAB Firm Qualifications: Engage a TAB firm certified by either AABC or NEBB.

B. TAB Report Forms: Use standard forms from AABC's "National Standards for Testing and Balancing Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Systems" NEBB's "Procedural Standards for Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing of Environmental Systems."; SMACNA's "HVAC Systems - Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing" or TAB firm's forms approved by Engineer.

C. Instrumentation Type, Quantity, and Accuracy: As described in AABC's "National Standards for Testing and Balancing Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Systems or NEBB's "Procedural Standards for Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing of Environmental Systems," Section II, "Required Instrumentation for NEBB Certification."

D. Instrumentation Calibration: Calibrate instruments at least every six months or more frequently if required by instrument manufacturer.

1. Keep an updated record of instrument calibration that indicates date of calibration and the name of party performing instrument calibration.

1.4 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Partial Owner Occupancy: Owner may occupy completed areas of building before Substantial Completion. Cooperate with Owner during TAB operations to minimize conflicts with Owner's operations.

1.5 COORDINATION

A. Coordinate the efforts of factory-authorized service representatives for systems and equipment, HVAC controls installers, and other mechanics to operate HVAC systems and equipment to support and assist TAB activities.



B. Perform TAB after leakage and pressure tests on air and water distribution systems have been satisfactorily completed.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS (Not Applicable)

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Examine the Contract Documents to become familiar with Project requirements and to discover conditions in systems' designs that may preclude proper TAB of systems and equipment.

1. Verify that balancing devices, such as test ports, gage cocks, thermometer wells, flow-control devices, balancing valves and fittings, and manual volume dampers, are required by the Contract Documents. Verify that quantities and locations of these balancing devices are accessible and appropriate for effective balancing and for efficient system and equipment operation. Report missing devices to Contractor, so corrections can be made without interrupting construction completion.

B. Examine approved submittal data of HVAC systems and equipment.

C. Examine system and equipment installations to verify that they are complete and that testing, cleaning, adjusting, and commissioning specified in individual Sections have been performed.

D. Examine HVAC equipment to ensure that clean filters have been installed, bearings are greased, belts are aligned and tight, and equipment with functioning controls is ready for operation.

E. Examine terminal units, such as variable-air-volume boxes, to verify that they are accessible and their controls are connected and functioning.

F. Examine plenum ceilings used for return air to verify that they are airtight. Verify that pipe penetrations and other holes are sealed.

G. Examine strainers for clean screens and proper perforations.

H. Examine three-way valves for proper installation for their intended function of diverting or mixing fluid flows.

I. Examine heat-transfer coils for correct piping connections and for clean and straight fins.

J. Examine system pumps to ensure absence of entrained air in the suction piping.

K. Examine equipment for installation and for properly operating safety interlocks and controls.

L. Report deficiencies discovered before and during performance of TAB procedures. Observe and record system reactions to changes in conditions. Record default set points if different from indicated values.

3.2 PREPARATION



A. Complete system readiness checks. Verify the following:

1. Permanent electrical power wiring is complete.

2. Hydronic systems are filled, clean, and free of air.

3. Automatic temperature-control systems are operational.

4. Equipment and duct access doors are securely closed.

5. Balance and fire dampers are open.

6. Isolating and balancing valves are open and control valves are operational.

7. Ceilings are installed in critical areas where air-pattern adjustments are required and access to balancing devices is provided.

8. Windows and doors can be closed so indicated conditions for system operations can be met.

3.3 GENERAL PROCEDURES FOR TESTING AND BALANCING

A. Cut insulation, ducts, pipes, and equipment cabinets for installation of test probes to the minimum extent necessary to allow adequate performance of procedures. After testing and balancing, close probe holes and patch insulation with new materials identical to those removed. Restore vapor barrier and finish according to insulation Specifications for this Project.

B. Mark equipment and balancing device settings with paint or other suitable, permanent identification material, including damper-control positions, valve position indicators, fan-speed-control levers, and similar controls and devices, to show final settings.

C. Take and report testing and balancing measurements in inch-pound (IP).

3.4 GENERAL PROCEDURES FOR BALANCING AIR SYSTEMS

A. Prepare test reports for all fans, inlets and outlets. Crosscheck the summation of required outlet volumes with required fan volumes.

B. Verify that motor starters are equipped with properly sized thermal protection.

C. Check dampers for proper position to achieve desired airflow path.

D. Check for airflow blockages.

E. Check condensate drains for proper connections and functioning.

F. Check for proper sealing of air-handling unit components.

G. Check for proper sealing of air duct system.

3.5 PROCEDURES FOR CONSTANT-VOLUME AIR SYSTEMS

A. Adjust fans to deliver total indicated airflows within the maximum allowable fan speed listed by fan manufacturer.



1. Measure and record fan static pressures to determine actual static pressure.

2. Measure and record static pressures entering and leaving other devices such as sound traps, under final balanced conditions.

3. Compare design data with installed conditions to determine variations in design static pressures versus actual static pressures. Compare actual system effect factors with calculated system effect factors to identify where variations occur. Recommend corrective action to align design and actual conditions.

4. Do not make fan-speed adjustments that result in motor overload. Consult equipment manufacturers about fan-speed safety factors. Modulate dampers and measure fan-motor amperage to ensure that no overload will occur. Measure amperage in full cooling, full heating, economizer, and any other operating modes to determine the maximum required brake horsepower.

B. Adjust volume dampers for main duct, submain ducts, and major branch ducts to indicated airflows within specified tolerances.

1. Measure, adjust and record outlets and inlets for each space to indicated airflows within specified tolerances of indicated values.

2. Adjust each outlet in same room or space to within specified tolerances of indicated quantities without generating excessive noise levels.

3. Adjust patterns of adjustable outlets for proper distribution without drafts.

3.6 PROCEDURES FOR CONDENSING UNITS

A. Verify proper rotation of fans.

B. Measure entering- and leaving-air temperatures.

C. Record compressor data.

3.7 PROCEDURES FOR HEAT-TRANSFER COILS

A. Refrigerant Coils: Measure and record the following data for each coil:

1. Dry-bulb temperature of entering and leaving air.2. Wet-bulb temperature of entering and leaving air.3. Airflow.4. Air pressure drop.5. Refrigerant suction pressure and temperature.

3.8 PROCEDURES FOR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS

A. Measure indoor wet- and dry-bulb temperatures every other hour for a period of two successive eight-hour days, in each separately controlled zone, to prove correctness of final temperature settings. Measure when the building or zone is occupied.

B. Measure outside-air, wet- and dry-bulb temperatures.



3.9 TOLERANCES

A. Set HVAC system airflow and water flow rates within the following tolerances:

1. Supply, Return, and Exhaust Fans and Equipment with Fans: Plus 5 to plus 10 percent.

2. Air Outlets and Inlets: 0 to minus 10 percent.

3.10 REPORTING

A. Initial Construction-Phase Report: Based on examination of the Contract Documents, prepare a report on the adequacy of design for systems' balancing devices. Recommend changes and additions to systems' balancing devices to facilitate proper performance measuring and balancing. Recommend changes and additions to HVAC systems and general construction to allow access for performance measuring and balancing devices.

3.11 FINAL REPORT

A. General: Typewritten, or computer printout in letter-quality font, on standard bond paper, in three-ring binder, tabulated and divided into sections by tested and balanced systems.

B. Include a certification sheet in front of binder signed and sealed by the certified testing and balancing engineer.

1. Include a list of instruments used for procedures, along with proof of calibration.

C. General Report Data: In addition to form titles and entries, include the following data in the final report, as applicable:

1. Summary of contents including the following:

a. Indicated versus final performance.

b. Notable characteristics of systems.

c. Description of system operation sequence if it varies from the Contract Documents.

2. Nomenclature sheets for each item of equipment.

3. Data for terminal units, including manufacturer, type size, and fittings.

4. Notes to explain why certain final data in the body of reports varies from indicated values.

5. Test conditions for fans and pump performance forms including the following:

a. Settings for outside-, return-, and exhaust-air dampers.

b. Conditions of filters.

c. Cooling coil, wet- and dry-bulb conditions.



d. Fan drive settings including settings and percentage of maximum pitch diameter.

e. Settings for supply-air, static-pressure controller.

f. Other system operating conditions that affect performance.

g. Record all inlet and outlet air flows.

h. Record all outside air, return air and supply air flows.

D. Final Inspection:

1. After initial inspection is complete and evidence by random checks verifies that testing and balancing are complete and accurately documented in the final report, request that a final inspection be made by Architect.

2. TAB firm test and balance engineer shall conduct the inspection in the presence of Architect.

3. Architect shall randomly select measurements documented in the final report to be rechecked. The rechecking shall be limited to either 10 percent of the total measurements recorded, or the extent of measurements that can be accomplished in a normal 8-hour business day.

4. If the rechecks yield measurements that differ from the measurements documented in the final report by more than the tolerances allowed, the measurements shall be noted as "FAILED."

5. If the number of "FAILED" measurements is greater than 10 percent of the total measurements checked during the final inspection, the testing and balancing shall be considered incomplete and shall be rejected.

6. TAB firm shall recheck all measurements and make adjustments. Revise the final report and balancing device settings to include all changes and resubmit the final report.

7. Request a second final inspection. If the second final inspection also fails, Owner shall contract the services of another TAB firm to complete the testing and balancing in accordance with the Contract Documents and deduct the cost of the services from the final payment.

3.12 ADDITIONAL TESTS

A. Seasonal Periods: If initial TAB procedures were not performed during near-peak summer and winter conditions, perform additional testing, inspecting, and adjusting during near-peak summer and winter conditions.



BASIC ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS 16010 - 1

SECTION 16010 - BASIC ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS

PART 1 - GENERAL


A. Drawings and general provisions of Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 1 Specification sections, apply to this and all other sections of Division 16.

1.2 WORK INCLUDED

A. All labor, materials, appliances, equipment, tools, transportation, superintendence, and services necessary for and reasonably incidental to execution of a modification to the existing electrical system for the building areas shall be provided as herein specified and as indicated. All minor equipment, specialties and appurtenances required to complete the systems and necessary to their proper operation, shall be provided.


A. Codes and Standards:

1. Virginia Statewide Building Code Compliance: Comply with applicable requirements of Virginia Statewide Building Code.

2. NEMA Compliance: Comply with applicable requirements of NEMA Standard Publications pertaining to raceways.

3. UL Compliance and Labeling: Comply with applicable requirements of UL safety standards.

4. NEC Compliance: Comply with applicable requirements of National Electric Code.

1.4 INTENT

A. Where any specific materials, process, or method of construction, or manufactured article is specified by name or by reference to the catalogue number of a manufacturer, the specifications are to be used as a guide and are not intended to take precedence over the basic duty and performance. Contractor shall verify the duty and performance with the specific characteristics of the equipment offered for installation.

1. Conflicts between model numbers and performance requirements shall be resolved before submitting shop drawings. Failure to do so may result in Contractor having to remove and replace, at his expense, this work.

1.5 REQUIREMENTS FOR BIDDERS

A. Contractor shall examine the drawings relating specifically to this work and assume responsibility for the proper fitting of the material and equipment in the building as indicated with the existing clearances; examine the drawings and specifications relating to the work of



all trades; become fully informed as to the extent and character of all other work; visit the site; make arrangements to avoid conflicts and interference with other features of construction and fully coordinate all components of this system so that they can be installed in proper relationship to other work and to the best interest of Owner.

1. The Drawings are to be considered diagrammatic, not necessarily showing in detail or scale all minor items. Unless specific dimensions are shown, the structural, architectural and site conditions shall govern the exact locations. Contractor shall follow drawings in laying out work, check drawings of trades to verify spaces in which work will be installed and maintain maximum head room, and space conditions at all points. Where head room, or space conditions appear inadequate, Engineer shall be notified before proceeding with installation. This Contractor shall, without extra charge, make field modification in layout as needed to prevent conflict with work of various trades or proper execution of the work.

2. Examine all drawings carefully prior to submitting a bid. Contractor will be required to furnish, install and or connect with appropriate services all electrical items shown on electrical drawings without additional expenses to the Owner. If discrepancies, conflicts, interferences or omissions occur between drawings, notify in writing the Engineer in ample time to permit revisions before the bids are submitted.

1.6 PRODUCT SUBSTITUTIONS

A. When two or more items of same material or equipment are required they shall be of the same manufacturer. Product manufacturer uniformity does not apply to raw materials, bulk materials, pipe, tube, fittings boxes, wire, conduit, fasteners, and similar items used in work, except as otherwise indicated.

B. Provide products which are compatible within systems and other connected items.

C. Where Contractor proposes to use any item of equipment other than that indicated which requires any redesign of the structure, partitions, foundations, raceways, wiring, or of any other part of the electrical, mechanical or architectural layout, all such redesign, and all new drawings and detailing required therefore, shall, be approved by Engineer, and shall be prepared by Contractor at his own expense.

D. Where such approved deviation requires a different quantity and/or arrangement of wiring, conduit and equipment from that specified or indicated, Contractor shall provide same at no additional cost to Owner subject to approval by Engineer. Contractor requesting the change shall notify all trades involved and receive from the affected contractors a statement approving the deviation; failure to secure this approval shall subject Contractor requesting the deviations to all back charges rendered by the other affected Contractors.

1.7 RULES, PERMITS AND FEES

A. Contractor shall give all necessary notices, pay all connection fees; obtain and pay for all permits; file all necessary drawings; prepare all documents and obtain all necessary approvals of all governmental departments having jurisdiction; obtain all required Certificates of Inspection for his work and deliver same to Engineer before request for acceptance and final payment for the work.



1.8 MATERIAL AND WORKMANSHIP

A. Unless specified otherwise hereinafter, all materials and apparatus required for the work shall be new, of first-class quality, and shall be furnished, delivered, erected, connected and finished in every detail, and shall be so selected and arranged as to fit properly into the building spaces. Where no specific kind of quality of material is given, a first-class standard article as approved by Engineer shall be furnished. All work shall be performed in a neat and workmanlike manner by mechanics specially trained in the trade involved.

B. Unless otherwise specifically indicated on the drawings, or in the specifications, all equipment and materials shall be applied subject to approval of Engineer, in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer. This includes the performance of such tests as the manufacturer recommends.

1.9 UTILITY SERVICES

A. Existing Utilities: Maintain services indicated to remain and protect them against damage during selective demolition operations.

B. Do not interrupt existing utilities serving occupied or operating facilities unless authorized in writing by Owner and authorities having jurisdiction. Provide temporary services during interruptions to existing utilities, as acceptable to Owner and to authorities having jurisdiction.

1. Provide at least 72 hours’ notice to Owner if shutdown of service is required during changeover.

1.10 MAINTENANCE MANUALS

A. Prepare maintenance manuals to include the following information for equipment items:

1. Copy of specification section and reviewed shop drawing relating to each equipment item.

2. Description of function, normal operating characteristics and limitations, performance curves, engineering data and tests, and complete nomenclature and commercial numbers of replacement parts.

3. Manufacturer's printed installation instructions and application data.

4. Manufacturer's printed operating procedures to include start-up, break-in, and routine and normal operating instructions; regulation, control, stopping, shutdown, and emergency instructions; and summer and winter operating instructions.

5. Maintenance procedures for routine preventative maintenance and troubleshooting; disassembly, repair, and reassemble; aligning and adjusting instructions.

6. Servicing instructions and schedules.




A. Cut, channel, chase, and drill floors, walls, partitions, ceilings, and other surfaces required to permit electrical installations. Perform cutting by skilled mechanics of trades involved.


PART 2 - PRODUCTS

NOT APPLICABLE

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Existing Conditions: The existence and location of site improvements, utilities, mechanical systems, and other construction indicated as existing are not guaranteed. Before beginning work, investigate and verify the existence and location of mechanical and electrical systems and other construction affecting the Work.

1. Before construction, verify the location and points of connection of utility services.

2. Start of work by Contractor shall be considered as acceptance by him of all claims or questions as to suitability of the work of other trades or other Contractors to receive his work. This Contractor shall remove and replace, at his expense, all electrical work which may have to be removed because of interference with other trades.

B. Existing Utilities: The existence and location of underground and other utilities and construction indicated as existing are not guaranteed. Before beginning sitework, investigate and verify the existence and location of underground utilities and other construction affecting the Work.

1. Before construction, verify the location and invert elevation at points of connection of sanitary sewer, storm sewer, and water-service piping.

2. Furnish location data for work related to Project that must be performed by public utilities serving Project site.

C. Acceptance of Conditions: Examine substrates, areas, and conditions, with Installer or Applicator present, for compliance with requirements for installation tolerances and other conditions affecting performance. Record observations.

1. Written Report: Prepare a written report listing conditions detrimental to performance of the Work, include the following:

a. Description of the Work.b. List of detrimental conditions, including substrates.c. List of unacceptable installation tolerances.d. Recommended corrections.



2. Verify compatibility with and suitability of substrates, including compatibility with existing finishes.

3. Examine roughing-in for mechanical and electrical systems to verify actual locations of connections before equipment and fixture installation.

4. Examine walls, floors, and roofs for suitable conditions where products and systems are to be installed.

5. Examine ceiling plenum clearances for suitable space to install mechanical and electrical systems as indicated.

6. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected. Proceeding with the Work indicates acceptance of surfaces and conditions.

3.2 PREPARATION

A. Existing Utility Interruptions: Do not interrupt utilities serving facilities occupied by Owner or others unless permitted under the following conditions and then only after arranging to provide temporary utility services according to requirements indicated:

1. Notify Architect not less than seven days in advance of proposed utility interruptions.2. Do not proceed with utility interruptions without Architect's written permission.

B. Field Measurements: Take field measurements as required to fit the Work properly. Recheck measurements before installing each product. Where portions of the Work are indicated to fit to other construction, verify dimensions of other construction by field measurements before fabrication. Coordinate fabrication schedule with construction progress to avoid delaying the Work.

C. Space Requirements: Verify space requirements and dimensions of items shown diagrammatically on Drawings.

D. Review of Contract Documents and Field Conditions: Immediately on discovery of the need for clarification of the Contract Documents, submit a request for information to Architect. Include a detailed description of problem encountered, together with recommendations for changing the Contract Documents.

3.3 PROTECTION OF INSTALLED CONSTRUCTION

A. Provide final protection and maintain conditions that ensure installed Work is without damage or deterioration at time of Substantial Completion.

B. Comply with manufacturer's written instructions for temperature and relative humidity.

3.4 CORRECTION OF THE WORK

A. Repair or remove and replace defective construction. Restore damaged substrates and finishes.



1. Repairing includes replacing defective parts, refinishing damaged surfaces, touching up with matching materials, and properly adjusting operating equipment.

B. Restore permanent facilities used during construction to their specified condition.

C. Repair components that do not operate properly. Remove and replace operating components that cannot be repaired.

3.5 ROUGH-IN

A. Verify final locations and sizes for rough-ins with field measurements and with the requirements of the actual equipment to be connected.

B. Refer to equipment specifications in Divisions 2 through 16 for rough-in requirements.

3.6 ACCESS DOORS

A. Furnish to General Contractor wall and ceiling access panels and doors where equipment is concealed behind finished surfaces and where indicated.



BASIC ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND METHODS 16050 - 1

SECTION 16050 - BASIC ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND METHODS

PART 1 - GENERAL


A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Division.

1.2 SUMMARY


1. Supporting devices for electrical components.2. Electrical identification.3. Electrical demolition.4. Cutting and patching for electrical construction.5. Touchup painting.

1.3 SUBMITTALS

A. Field Test Reports: Indicate and interpret test results for compliance with performance requirements.



B. Comply with NFPA 70.

1.5 COORDINATION

A. Coordinate chases, slots, inserts, sleeves, and openings with general construction work and arrange in building structure during progress of construction to facilitate the electrical installations that follow.

1. Set inserts and sleeves in poured-in-place concrete, masonry work, and other structural components as they are constructed.

B. Sequence, coordinate, and integrate installing electrical materials and equipment for efficient flow of the Work. Coordinate installing large equipment requiring positioning before closing in the building.

C. Coordinate location of access panels and doors for electrical items that are concealed by finished surfaces.

D. Where electrical identification devices are applied to field-finished surfaces, coordinate installation of identification devices with completion of finished surface.



E. Where electrical identification markings and devices will be concealed by acoustical ceilings and similar finishes, coordinate installation of these items before ceiling installation.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 SUPPORTING DEVICES

A. Material: Cold-formed steel, with corrosion-resistant coating acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction.

B. Metal Items for Use Outdoors or in Damp Locations: Hot-dip galvanized steel.

C. Slotted-Steel Channel Supports: Flange edges turned toward web, and 9/16-inch- (14-mm-) diameter slotted holes at a maximum of 2 inches (50 mm) o.c., in webs.

D. Slotted-Steel Channel Supports: Comply with Division 5 Section "Metal Fabrications" for slotted channel framing.

1. Channel Thickness: Selected to suit structural loading.2. Fittings and Accessories: Products of the same manufacturer as channel supports.

E. Nonmetallic Channel and Angle Systems: Structural-grade, factory-formed, glass-fiber-resin channels and angles with 9/16-inch- (14-mm-) diameter holes at a maximum of 8 inches (203 mm) o.c., in at least one surface.

1. Fittings and Accessories: Products of the same manufacturer as channels and angles.

2. Fittings and Accessory Materials: Same as channels and angles, except metal items may be stainless steel.

F. Raceway Supports: Manufactured clevis hangers, riser clamps, straps, threaded C-clamps with retainers, ceiling trapeze hangers, wall brackets, and spring-steel clamps or click-type hangers.

G. Pipe Sleeves: ASTM A 53, Type E, Grade A, Schedule 40, galvanized steel, plain ends.

H. Cable Supports for Vertical Conduit: Factory-fabricated assembly consisting of threaded body and insulating wedging plug for nonarmored electrical cables in riser conduits. Plugs have number and size of conductor gripping holes as required to suit individual risers. Body constructed of malleable-iron casting with hot-dip galvanized finish.

I. Expansion Anchors: Carbon-steel wedge or sleeve type.

J. Toggle Bolts: All-steel springhead type.

K. Powder-Driven Threaded Studs: Heat-treated steel.

2.2 ELECTRICAL IDENTIFICATION



A. Identification Devices: A single type of identification product for each application category. Use colors prescribed by ANSI A13.1, NFPA 70, and these Specifications.

B. Colored Adhesive Marking Tape for Wires, and Cables: Self-adhesive vinyl tape, not less than 1 inch wide by 3 mils thick (25 mm wide by 0.08 mm thick).

C. Underground Warning Tape: Permanent, bright-colored, continuous-printed, vinyl tape with the following features:

1. Not less than 6 inches wide by 4 mils thick (150 mm wide by 0.102 mm thick).

2. Compounded for permanent direct-burial service.

3. Embedded continuous metallic strip or core.

4. Printed legend that indicates type of underground line.

D. Tape Markers for Wire: Vinyl or vinyl-cloth, self-adhesive, wraparound type with preprinted numbers and letters.

E. Color-Coding Cable Ties: Type 6/6 nylon, self-locking type. Colors to suit coding scheme.

F. Engraved-Plastic Labels, Signs, and Instruction Plates: Engraving stock, melamine plastic laminate punched or drilled for mechanical fasteners 1/16-inch (1.6-mm) minimum thickness for signs up to 20 sq. in. (129 sq. cm) and 1/8-inch (3.2-mm) minimum thickness for larger sizes. Engraved legend in black letters on white background.

G. Fasteners for Nameplates: Self-tapping, stainless-steel screws or No. 10/32 stainless-steel machine screws with nuts and flat and lock washers.

2.3 TOUCHUP PAINT

A. For Equipment: Equipment manufacturer's paint selected to match installed equipment finish.

B. Galvanized Surfaces: Zinc-rich paint recommended by item manufacturer.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION

A. Headroom Maintenance: If mounting heights or other location criteria are not indicated, arrange and install components and equipment to provide the maximum possible headroom.

B. Materials and Components: Install level, plumb, and parallel and perpendicular to other building systems and components, unless otherwise indicated.

C. Equipment: Install to facilitate service, maintenance, and repair or replacement of components. Connect for ease of disconnecting, with minimum interference with other installations.

D. Right of Way: Give to raceways and piping systems installed at a required slope.



E. Connect outlet and component connections to wiring systems and to ground. Tighten electrical connectors and terminals, according to manufacturer's published torque-tightening values. If manufacturer's torque values are not indicated, use those specified in UL 486A.

3.2 ELECTRICAL SUPPORTING DEVICE APPLICATION

A. Damp Locations and Outdoors: Hot-dip galvanized materials or nonmetallic, U-channel system components.

B. Dry Locations: Steel materials.

C. Support Clamps for PVC Raceways: Click-type clamp system.

D. Selection of Supports: Comply with manufacturer's written instructions.

E. Strength of Supports: Adequate to carry present and future loads, times a safety factor of at least four; minimum of 200-lb (90-kg) design load.

3.3 SUPPORT INSTALLATION

A. Install support devices to securely and permanently fasten and support electrical components.

B. Install individual and multiple raceway hangers and riser clamps to support raceways. Provide U-bolts, clamps, attachments, and other hardware necessary for hanger assemblies and for securing hanger rods and conduits.

C. Support parallel runs of horizontal raceways together on trapeze- or bracket-type hangers.

D. Size supports for multiple raceway installations so capacity can be increased by a 25 percent minimum in the future.

E. Support individual horizontal raceways with separate, malleable-iron pipe hangers or clamps.

F. Install 1/4-inch- (6-mm-) diameter or larger threaded steel hanger rods, unless otherwise indicated.

G. Spring-steel fasteners specifically designed for supporting single conduits or tubing may be used instead of malleable-iron hangers for 1-1/2-inch (38-mm) and smaller raceways serving lighting and receptacle branch circuits above suspended ceilings and for fastening raceways to slotted channel and angle supports.

H. Arrange supports in vertical runs so the weight of raceways and enclosed conductors is carried entirely by raceway supports, with no weight load on raceway terminals.

I. Simultaneously install vertical conductor supports with conductors.

J. Separately support cast boxes that are threaded to raceways and used for fixture support. Support sheet-metal boxes directly from the building structure or by bar hangers. If bar hangers are used, attach bar to raceways on opposite sides of the box and support the raceway with an approved fastener not more than 24 inches (610 mm) from the box.



K. Install metal channel racks for mounting cabinets, panelboards, disconnect switches, control enclosures, pull and junction boxes, transformers, and other devices unless components are mounted directly to structural elements of adequate strength.

L. Install sleeves for cable and raceway penetrations of concrete slabs and walls unless core-drilled holes are used. Install sleeves for cable and raceway penetrations of masonry and fire-rated gypsum walls and of all other fire-rated floor and wall assemblies. Install sleeves during erection of concrete and masonry walls.

M. Securely fasten electrical items and their supports to the building structure, unless otherwise indicated. Perform fastening according to the following unless other fastening methods are indicated:

1. Wood: Fasten with wood screws or screw-type nails.

2. Masonry: Toggle bolts on hollow masonry units and expansion bolts on solid masonry units.

3. New Concrete: Concrete inserts with machine screws and bolts.

4. Existing Concrete: Expansion bolts.

5. Instead of expansion bolts, threaded studs driven by a powder charge and provided with lock washers may be used in existing concrete.

6. Steel: Welded threaded studs or spring-tension clamps on steel.

a. Field Welding: Comply with AWS D1.1.

7. Welding to steel structure may be used only for threaded studs, not for conduits, pipe straps, or other items.

8. Light Steel: Sheet-metal screws.

9. Fasteners: Select so the load applied to each fastener does not exceed 25 percent of its proof-test load.

3.4 IDENTIFICATION MATERIALS AND DEVICES

A. Install at locations for most convenient viewing without interference with operation and maintenance of equipment.

B. Coordinate names, abbreviations, colors, and other designations used for electrical identification with corresponding designations indicated in the Contract Documents or required by codes and standards. Use consistent designations throughout Project.

C. Self-Adhesive Identification Products: Clean surfaces before applying.

D. Identify raceways and cables with color painting as follows:



1. Locations: At changes in direction, at penetrations of walls and floors, at 50-foot (15-m) maximum intervals in straight runs, and at 25-foot (8-m) maximum intervals in congested areas.

2. Colors: As follows:

a. Fire Alarm System: Red.b. Security System: Blue.c. Telecommunication System: Green.

E. Install continuous underground plastic markers during trench backfilling, for exterior underground power, control, signal, and communication lines located directly above power and communication lines. Locate 6 to 8 inches (150 to 200 mm) below finished grade. If width of multiple lines installed in a common trench or concrete envelope does not exceed 16 inches (400 mm), overall, use a single line marker.

F. Color-code 208/120-V system secondary service, feeder, and branch-circuit conductors throughout the secondary electrical system as follows:

1. Phase A: Black.2. Phase B: Red.3. Phase C: Blue.

G. Color-code 480/277-V system secondary service, feeder, and branch-circuit conductors throughout the secondary electrical system as follows:

1. Phase A: Yellow.2. Phase B: Brown.3. Phase C: Orange.

H. Install warning, caution, and instruction signs where required to comply with 29 CFR, Chapter XVII, Part 1910.145, and where needed to ensure safe operation and maintenance of electrical systems and of items to which they connect. Install engraved plastic-laminated instruction signs with approved legend where instructions are needed for system or equipment operation. Install metal-backed butyrate signs for outdoor items.

I. Install engraved-laminated emergency-operating signs with white letters on red background with minimum 3/8-inch- (9-mm-) high lettering for emergency instructions on power transfer, load shedding, and other emergency operations.

3.5 FIRESTOPPING

A. Apply firestopping to cable and raceway penetrations of fire-rated floor and wall assemblies to achieve fire-resistance rating of the assembly. Firestopping materials and installation requirements are specified in Division 7 Section "Firestopping."

3.6 DEMOLITION



A. Protect existing electrical equipment and installations indicated to remain. If damaged or disturbed in the course of the Work, remove damaged portions and install new products of equal capacity, quality, and functionality.

B. Accessible Work: Remove exposed electrical equipment and installations, indicated to be demolished, in their entirety.

C. Abandoned Work: Cut and remove buried raceway and wiring, indicated to be abandoned in place, 2 inches (50 mm) below the surface of adjacent construction. Cap raceways and patch surface to match existing finish.

D. Remove demolished material from Project site.

E. Remove, store, clean, reinstall, reconnect, and make operational components indicated for relocation.


A. Cut, channel, chase, and drill floors, walls, partitions, ceilings, and other surfaces required to permit electrical installations. Perform cutting by skilled mechanics of trades involved.



A. Inspect installed components for damage and faulty work, including the following:

1. Raceways.2. Building wire and connectors.3. Supporting devices for electrical components.4. Electrical identification.5. Concrete bases.6. Electrical demolition.7. Cutting and patching for electrical construction.8. Touchup painting.

3.9 REFINISHING AND TOUCHUP PAINTING

A. Refinish and touch up paint.

1. Clean damaged and disturbed areas and apply primer, intermediate, and finish coats to suit the degree of damage at each location.

2. Follow paint manufacturer's written instructions for surface preparation and for timing and application of successive coats.




4. Repair damage to PVC or paint finishes with matching touchup coating recommended by manufacturer.

3.10 CLEANING AND PROTECTION

A. On completion of installation, including outlets, fittings, and devices, inspect exposed finish. Remove burrs, dirt, paint spots, and construction debris.

B. Protect equipment and installations and maintain conditions to ensure that coatings, finishes, and cabinets are without damage or deterioration at time of Substantial Completion.



GROUNDING AND BONDING 16060 - 1

SECTION 16060 - GROUNDING AND BONDING

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes grounding of electrical systems and equipment. Grounding requirements specified in this Section may be supplemented by special requirements of systems described in other Sections.

1.2 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For each type of product indicated.

B. Field Test Reports: Submit written test reports to include the following:

1. Test procedures used.2. Test results that comply with requirements.3. Results of failed tests and corrective action taken to achieve test results that comply with

requirements.



1. Comply with UL 467.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 MANUFACTURERS

A. Available Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, manufacturers offering products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to, the following:

B. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by one of the following:

1. Grounding Conductors, Cables, Connectors, and Rods:

a. Erico Inc.; Electrical Products Group.b. Ideal Industries, Inc.c. ILSCO.d. Kearney/Cooper Power Systems.e. Lyncole XIT Grounding.f. O-Z/Gedney Co.; a business of the EGS Electrical Group.



g. Raco, Inc.; Division of Hubbell.h. Superior Grounding Systems, Inc.i. Thomas & Betts, Electrical.

2.2 GROUNDING CONDUCTORS

A. For insulated conductors, comply with Division 16 Section "Conductors and Cables."

B. Material: Copper.

C. Equipment Grounding Conductors: Insulated with green-colored insulation.

D. Grounding Electrode Conductors: Stranded cable.

E. Underground Conductors: Bare, tinned, stranded, unless otherwise indicated.

F. Bare Copper Conductors: Comply with the following:

1. Solid Conductors: ASTM B 3.2. Assembly of Stranded Conductors: ASTM B 8.3. Tinned Conductors: ASTM B 33.

G. Copper Bonding Conductors: As follows:

1. Bonding Cable: 28 kcmil, 14 strands of No. 17 AWG copper conductor, 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) in diameter.

2. Bonding Conductor: No. 4 or No. 6 AWG, stranded copper conductor.

3. Bonding Jumper: Bare copper tape, braided bare copper conductors, terminated with copper ferrules; 1-5/8 inches (42 mm) wide and 1/16 inch (1.5 mm) thick.

4. Tinned Bonding Jumper: Tinned-copper tape, braided copper conductors, terminated with copper ferrules; 1-5/8 inches (42 mm) wide and 1/16 inch (1.5 mm) thick.

2.3 CONNECTOR PRODUCTS

A. Comply with IEEE 837 and UL 467; listed for use for specific types, sizes, and combinations of conductors and connected items.

B. Bolted Connectors: Bolted-pressure-type connectors, or compression type.

C. Welded Connectors: Exothermic-welded type, in kit form, and selected per manufacturer's written instructions.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 APPLICATION



A. Use only copper conductors for both insulated and bare grounding conductors in direct contact with earth, concrete, masonry, crushed stone, and similar materials.

B. In raceways, use insulated equipment grounding conductors.

C. Exothermic-Welded Connections: Use for connections to structural steel and for underground connections, except those at test wells.

D. Equipment Grounding Conductor Terminations: Use bolted pressure clamps.

E. Underground Grounding Conductors: Use copper conductor, No. 2/0 AWG minimum. Bury at least 24 inches (600 mm) below grade or bury 12 inches (300 mm) above duct bank when installed as part of the duct bank.

3.2 EQUIPMENT GROUNDING CONDUCTORS

A. Comply with NFPA 70, Article 250, for types, sizes, and quantities of equipment grounding conductors, unless specific types, larger sizes, or more conductors than required by NFPA 70 are indicated.

B. Install equipment grounding conductors in all feeders and circuits.

C. Install insulated equipment grounding conductor with circuit conductors for the following items, in addition to those required by NEC:

1. Feeders and branch circuits.2. Lighting circuits.3. Receptacle circuits.4. Single-phase motor and appliance branch circuits.5. Three-phase motor and appliance branch circuits.6. Flexible raceway runs.7. Armored and metal-clad cable runs.

D. Computer Outlet Circuits: Install insulated equipment grounding conductor in branch-circuit runs from computer-area power panels or power-distribution units.

E. Nonmetallic Raceways: Install an equipment grounding conductor in nonmetallic raceways unless they are designated for telephone or data cables.

F. Air-Duct Equipment Circuits: Install an equipment grounding conductor to duct-mounted electrical devices operating at 120 V and more, including air cleaners and heaters. Bond conductor to each unit and to air duct.

G. Water Heater, Heat-Tracing, and Antifrost Heating Cables: Install a separate equipment grounding conductor to each electric water heater, heat-tracing, and antifrost heating cable. Bond conductor to heater units, piping, connected equipment, and components.



H. Signal and Communication Systems: For telephone, alarm, voice and data, and other communication systems, provide No. 4 AWG minimum insulated grounding conductor in raceway from grounding electrode system to each service location, terminal cabinet, wiring closet, and central equipment location.

1. Service and Central Equipment Locations and Wiring Closets: Terminate grounding conductor on a 1/4-by-2-by-12-inch (6.4-by-50-by-300-mm) grounding bus.

2. Terminal Cabinets: Terminate grounding conductor on cabinet grounding terminal.

3.3 INSTALLATION

A. Grounding Conductors: Route along shortest and straightest paths possible, unless otherwise indicated. Avoid obstructing access or placing conductors where they may be subjected to strain, impact, or damage.

B. Bonding Straps and Jumpers: Install so vibration by equipment mounted on vibration isolation hangers and supports is not transmitted to rigidly mounted equipment. Use exothermic-welded connectors for outdoor locations, unless a disconnect-type connection is required; then, use a bolted clamp. Bond straps directly to the basic structure taking care not to penetrate any adjacent parts. Install straps only in locations accessible for maintenance.

C. Bond building structural steel to main grounding bus or service equipment.

D. Bond interior metal piping systems and metal air ducts to equipment grounding conductors of associated pumps, fans, blowers, electric heaters, and air cleaners. Use braided-type bonding straps.

3.4 CONNECTIONS

A. General: Make connections so galvanic action or electrolysis possibility is minimized. Select connectors, connection hardware, conductors, and connection methods so metals in direct contact will be galvanically compatible.

1. Use electroplated or hot-tin-coated materials to ensure high conductivity and to make contact points closer to order of galvanic series.

2. Make connections with clean, bare metal at points of contact.

3. Coat and seal connections having dissimilar metals with inert material to prevent future penetration of moisture to contact surfaces.

B. Exothermic-Welded Connections: Comply with manufacturer's written instructions. Welds that are puffed up or that show convex surfaces indicating improper cleaning are not acceptable.



C. Equipment Grounding Conductor Terminations: For No. 8 AWG and larger, use pressure-type grounding lugs. No. 10 AWG and smaller grounding conductors may be terminated with winged pressure-type connectors.

D. Noncontact Metal Raceway Terminations: If metallic raceways terminate at metal housings without mechanical and electrical connection to housing, terminate each conduit with a grounding bushing. Connect grounding bushings with a bare grounding conductor to grounding bus or terminal in housing. Bond electrically noncontinuous conduits at entrances and exits with grounding bushings and bare grounding conductors, unless otherwise indicated.

E. Tighten screws and bolts for grounding and bonding connectors and terminals according to manufacturer's published torque-tightening values. If manufacturer's torque values are not indicated, use those specified in UL 486A and UL 486B.

F. Compression-Type Connections: Use hydraulic compression tools to provide correct circumferential pressure for compression connectors. Use tools and dies recommended by connector manufacturer. Provide embossing die code or other standard method to make a visible indication that a connector has been adequately compressed on grounding conductor.

G. Moisture Protection: If insulated grounding conductors are connected to ground rods or grounding buses, insulate entire area of connection and seal against moisture penetration of insulation and cable.

H. Secondary Neutral and Tank of Transformer: Interconnect and connect to grounding conductor.


A. Testing: Perform the following field quality-control testing:

1. After installing grounding system but before permanent electrical circuitry has been energized, test for compliance with requirements.

2. Test completed grounding system at each location where a maximum ground-resistance level is specified, at service disconnect enclosure grounding terminal. Measure ground resistance not less than two full days after the last trace of precipitation, and without the soil being moistened by any means other than natural drainage or seepage and without chemical treatment or other artificial means of reducing natural ground resistance. Perform tests, by the fall-of-potential method according to IEEE 81.

3. Provide drawings locating each ground rod and ground rod assembly and other grounding electrodes, identify each by letter in alphabetical order, and key to the record of tests and observations. Include the number of rods driven and their depth at each location and include observations of weather and other phenomena that may affect test results. Describe measures taken to improve test results.

a. Equipment Rated 500 kVA and Less: 5 ohms.



b. Equipment Rated 500 to 1000 kVA: 5 ohms.

4. Excessive Ground Resistance: If resistance to ground exceeds specified values, notify Architect promptly and include recommendations to reduce ground resistance.

3.6 GRADING AND PLANTING

A. Restore surface features, including vegetation, at areas disturbed by Work of this Section. Reestablish original grades, unless otherwise indicated. If sod has been removed, replace it as soon as possible after backfilling is completed. Restore areas disturbed by trenching, storing of dirt, cable laying, and other activities to their original condition. Include application of topsoil, fertilizer, lime, seed, sod, sprig, and mulch. Comply with Division 2 Section "Landscaping." Maintain restored surfaces. Restore disturbed paving as indicated.



ELECTRICAL TESTING 16080 - 1

SECTION 16080 - ELECTRICAL TESTING

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes general requirements for electrical field testing and inspecting. Detailed requirements are specified in each Section containing components that require testing. General requirements include the following:

1 Suitability of test equipment.2. Calibration of test instruments.3. Coordination requirements for testing and inspecting.4. Reporting requirements for testing and inspecting.


A. Test Equipment Suitability: Comply with NETA ATS, Section 5.2.

B. Test Equipment Calibration: Comply with NETA ATS, Section 5.3.

PART 2 - NOT USED

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 GENERAL TESTS AND INSPECTIONS

A. Perform insulation-resistance tests.Perform continuity tests.Perform rotation test.

B. Test and Inspection Reports: In addition to requirements specified elsewhere, report the following:

1. Manufacturer's written testing and inspecting instructions.

2. Calibration and adjustment settings of adjustable and interchangeable devices involved in tests.

3. Tabulation of expected measurement results made before measurements.

4. Tabulation of "as-found" and "as-left" measurement and observation results.



CONDUCTORS AND CABLES 16120 - 1

SECTION 16120 - CONDUCTORS AND CABLES

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes building wires and cables and associated connectors, splices, and terminations for wiring systems rated 600 V and less.

1.2 SUBMITTALS


B. Qualification Data: For testing agency.


PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 MANUFACTURERS

A. In other Part 2 articles where subparagraph titles below introduce lists, the following requirements apply for product selection:

1. Available Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, manufacturers offering products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to, the manufacturers specified.

2.2 CONDUCTORS AND CABLES

A. Available Manufacturers:

1. Alcan Aluminum Corporation; Alcan Cable Div.2. American Insulated Wire Corp.; a Leviton Company.3. General Cable Corporation.4. Senator Wire & Cable Company.5. Southwire Company.

B. Refer to Part 3 "Conductor and Insulation Applications" Article for insulation type, cable construction, and ratings.

C. Conductor Material: Copper.

D. Conductor Insulation Types: Type THW THHN-THWN or XHHW complying with NEMA WC 5 or 7.

2.3 CONNECTORS AND SPLICES

A. Manufacturers:



1. AFC Cable Systems, Inc.2. AMP Incorporated/Tyco International.3. Hubbell/Anderson.4. O-Z/Gedney; EGS Electrical Group LLC.5. 3M Company; Electrical Products Division.

B. Description: Factory-fabricated connectors and splices of size, ampacity rating, material, type, and class for application and service indicated.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 CONDUCTOR AND INSULATION APPLICATIONS

A. Exposed Feeders: Type THHN-THWN, single conductors in raceway.

B. Feeders Concealed in Ceilings, Walls, and Partitions: Type THHN-THWN, single conductors in raceway.

C. Feeders Concealed in Concrete, below Slabs-on-Grade, and in Crawlspaces: Type THHN-THWN, single conductors in raceway.

D. Exposed Branch Circuits, including in Crawlspaces: Type THHN-THWN, single conductors in raceway.

E. Branch Circuits Concealed in Ceilings, Walls, and Partitions: Type THHN-THWN, single conductors in raceway.

3.2 INSTALLATION

A. Use manufacturer-approved pulling compound or lubricant where necessary; compound used must not deteriorate conductor or insulation. Do not exceed manufacturer's recommended maximum pulling tensions and sidewall pressure values.

B. Use pulling means, including fish tape, rope, and basket-weave wire/cable grips, that will not damage cables or raceway.

C. Identify and color-code conductors according to Division 16 Section.

3.3 CONNECTIONS

A. Tighten electrical connectors and terminals according to manufacturer's published torque-tightening values. If manufacturer's torque values are not indicated, use those specified in UL 486A and UL 486B.

B. Make splices and taps that are compatible with conductor material and that possess equivalent or better mechanical strength and insulation ratings than unspliced conductors.

C. Wiring at Outlets: Install conductor at each outlet, with at least 6 inches of slack.




A. Testing: Perform the following field quality-control testing:

1. After installing conductors and before electrical circuitry has been energized, test for compliance with requirements.

2. Perform each electrical test and visual and mechanical inspection stated in NETA ATS, Section 7.3.1. Certify compliance with test parameters.

B. Test Reports: Prepare a written report to record the following:

1. Test procedures used.

2. Test results that comply with requirements.

3. Test results that do not comply with requirements and corrective action taken to achieve compliance with requirements.



RACEWAYS AND BOXES 16130 - 1

SECTION 16130 - RACEWAYS AND BOXES

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes raceways, fittings, boxes, enclosures, and cabinets for electrical wiring.

1.2 DEFINITIONS

A. EMT: Electrical metallic tubing.

B. FMC: Flexible metal conduit.

C. IMC: Intermediate metal conduit.

D. LFMC: Liquidtight flexible metal conduit.

E. LFNC: Liquidtight flexible nonmetallic conduit.

F. RNC: Rigid nonmetallic conduit.

1.3 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For surface raceways, wireways and fittings, floor boxes, hinged-cover enclosures, and cabinets.

B. Shop Drawings: Show fabrication and installation details of components for raceways, fittings, boxes, enclosures, and cabinets.



B. Comply with NFPA 70.

1.5 COORDINATION

A. Coordinate layout and installation of raceways, boxes, enclosures, cabinets, and suspension system with other construction that penetrates ceilings or is supported by them, including light fixtures, HVAC equipment, fire-suppression system, and partition assemblies.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 MANUFACTURERS

A. In other Part 2 articles where subparagraph titles below introduce lists, the following requirements apply for product selection:



1. Available Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, manufacturers offering products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to, the manufacturers specified.

2.2 METAL CONDUIT AND TUBING

A. Available Manufacturer[s]:

1. AFC Cable Systems, Inc.2. Alflex Inc.3. Anamet Electrical, Inc.; Anaconda Metal Hose.4. Electri-Flex Co.5. Grinnell Co./Tyco International; Allied Tube and Conduit Div.6. LTV Steel Tubular Products Company.7. Manhattan/CDT/Cole-Flex.8. O-Z Gedney; Unit of General Signal.9. Wheatland Tube Co.

B. Rigid Steel Conduit: ANSI C80.1.

C. IMC: ANSI C80.6.

D. EMT and Fittings: ANSI C80.3.

1. Fittings: Set-screw or compression.

E. LFMC: Flexible steel conduit with PVC jacket.

F. Fittings: NEMA FB 1; compatible with conduit and tubing materials.

2.3 BOXES, ENCLOSURES, AND CABINETS

A. Available Manufacturers:

1. Cooper Crouse-Hinds; Div. of Cooper Industries, Inc.2. Emerson/General Signal; Appleton Electric Company.3. Erickson Electrical Equipment Co.4. Hoffman.5. Hubbell, Inc.; Killark Electric Manufacturing Co.6. O-Z/Gedney; Unit of General Signal.7. RACO; Division of Hubbell, Inc.8. Robroy Industries, Inc.; Enclosure Division.9. Scott Fetzer Co.; Adalet-PLM Division.10. Spring City Electrical Manufacturing Co.11. Thomas & Betts Corporation.12. Walker Systems, Inc.; Wiremold Company (The).13. Woodhead, Daniel Company; Woodhead Industries, Inc. Subsidiary.

B. Sheet Metal Outlet and Device Boxes: NEMA OS 1.



C. Small Sheet Metal Pull and Junction Boxes: NEMA OS 1.

2.4 FACTORY FINISHES

A. Finish: For raceway, enclosure, or cabinet components, provide manufacturer's standard paint applied to factory-assembled surface raceways, enclosures, and cabinets before shipping.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 RACEWAY APPLICATION

A. Indoors:

1. Exposed: IMC

2. Concealed: EMT.

3. Connection to Vibrating Equipment (Including Transformers and Hydraulic, Pneumatic, Electric Solenoid, or Motor-Driven Equipment): FMC; except use LFMC in damp or wet locations.

4. Damp or Wet Locations: Rigid steel conduit or IMC.

5. Boxes and Enclosures: NEMA 250, Type 1, except as follows:

a. Damp or Wet Locations: NEMA 250, Type 4, nonmetallic.

B. Outdoors:

1. Exposed: RIGID or IMC2. Below grade: RNC

C. Minimum Raceway Size: 3/4-inch trade size.

D. Raceway Fittings: Compatible with raceways and suitable for use and location.

1. Intermediate Steel Conduit: Use threaded rigid steel conduit fittings, unless otherwise indicated.

2. PVC Externally Coated, Rigid Steel Conduits: Use only fittings approved for use with that material. Patch all nicks and scrapes in PVC coating after installing conduits.

3.2 INSTALLATION

A. Keep raceways at least 6 inches (150 mm) away from parallel runs of flues and steam or hot-water pipes. Install horizontal raceway runs above water and steam piping.

B. Complete raceway installation before starting conductor installation.



C. Support raceways as specified in Division 16 Section "Basic Electrical Materials and Methods."

D. Install temporary closures to prevent foreign matter from entering raceways.

E. Protect stub-ups from damage where conduits rise through floor slabs. Arrange so curved portions of bends are not visible above the finished slab.

F. Make bends and offsets so ID is not reduced. Keep legs of bends in the same plane and keep straight legs of offsets parallel, unless otherwise indicated.

G. Conceal conduit and EMT within finished walls, ceilings, and floors, unless otherwise indicated.

1. Install concealed raceways with a minimum of bends in the shortest practical distance, considering type of building construction and obstructions, unless otherwise indicated.

H. Change from RNC to rigid steel conductor IMC before rising above the floor.

I. Install exposed raceways parallel or at right angles to nearby surfaces or structural members and follow surface contours as much as possible.

1. Run parallel or banked raceways together on common supports.

2. Make parallel bends in parallel or banked runs. Use factory elbows only where elbows can be installed parallel; otherwise, provide field bends for parallel raceways.

J. Join raceways with fittings designed and approved for that purpose and make joints tight.

1. Use insulating bushings to protect conductors.

K. Tighten set screws of threadless fittings with suitable tools.

L. Terminations:

1. Where raceways are terminated with locknuts and bushings, align raceways to enter squarely and install locknuts with dished part against box. Use two locknuts, one inside and one outside box.

2. Where raceways are terminated with threaded hubs, screw raceways or fittings tightly into hub so end bears against wire protection shoulder. Where chase nipples are used, align raceways so coupling is square to box; tighten chase nipple so no threads are exposed.

M. Install pull wires in empty raceways. Use polypropylene or monofilament plastic line with not less than 200-lb (90-kg) tensile strength. Leave at least 12 inches (300 mm) of slack at each end of pull wire.

N. Install raceway sealing fittings at suitable, approved, and accessible locations and fill them with UL-listed sealing compound. For concealed raceways, install each fitting in a flush steel



box with a blank cover plate having a finish similar to that of adjacent plates or surfaces. Install raceway sealing fittings at the following points:

1. Where conduits pass from warm to cold locations, such as boundaries of refrigerated spaces.

2. Where otherwise required by NFPA 70.

O. Stub-up Connections: Extend conduits through concrete floor for connection to freestanding equipment. Install with an adjustable top or coupling threaded inside for plugs set flush with finished floor. Extend conductors to equipment with rigid steel conduit. Install screwdriver-operated, threaded plugs flush with floor for future equipment connections.

P. Flexible Connections: Use maximum of 72 inches (1830 mm) of flexible conduit for recessed and semirecessed lighting fixtures; for equipment subject to vibration, noise transmission, or movement; and for all motors. Use LFMC in damp or wet locations. Install separate ground conductor across flexible connections.

Q. Set floor boxes level and flush with finished floor surface.

R. Install hinged-cover enclosures and cabinets plumb. Support at each corner.

3.3 PROTECTION

A. Provide final protection and maintain conditions that ensure coatings, finishes, and cabinets are without damage or deterioration at time of Substantial Completion.


2. Repair damage to PVC or paint finishes with matching touchup coating recommended by manufacturer.

3.4 CLEANING

A. After completing installation of exposed, factory-finished raceways and boxes, inspect exposed finishes and repair damaged finishes.



WIRING DEVICES 16140 - 1

SECTION 16140 - WIRING DEVICES

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY


1. Switch, connectors and finish plates.

1.2 DEFINITIONS

A. GFCI: Ground-fault circuit interrupter.

1.3 SUBMITTALS


B. Shop Drawings: List of legends and description of materials and process used for premarking wall plates.

C. Samples: One for each type of device and wall plate specified, in each color specified.

D. Field quality-control test reports.


A. Source Limitations: Obtain each type of wiring device through one source from a single manufacturer.

B. Electrical Components, Devices, and Accessories: Listed and labeled as defined in NFPA 70, Article 100, by a testing agency acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction, and marked for intended use.

C. Comply with NFPA 70.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 MANUFACTURERS

A. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by one of the following:

1. Wiring Devices:

a. Bryant Electric, Inc./Hubbell Subsidiary.b. Eagle Electric Manufacturing Co., Inc.c. Hubbell Incorporated; Wiring Device-Kellems.d. Leviton Mfg. Company Inc.e. Pass & Seymour/Legrand; Wiring Devices Div.



2.2 RECEPTACLES

A. Straight-Blade-Type Receptacles: Comply with NEMA WD 1, NEMA WD 6, DSCC W-C-596G, and UL 498.

B. Straight-Blade and Locking Receptacles: Heavy-Duty grade.

C. GFCI Receptacles: Straight blade, feed-through type, Heavy-Duty grade, with integral NEMA WD 6, Configuration 5-20R duplex receptacle; complying with UL 498 and UL 943. Design units for installation in a 2-3/4-inch- (70-mm-) deep outlet box without an adapter.

2.3 WALL PLATES

A. Single and combination types to match corresponding wiring devices.

1. Plate-Securing Screws: Metal with head color to match plate finish.

2. Material for Finished Spaces: 302 Brushed Stainless Steel.

3. Material for Wet Locations: Cast aluminum with spring-loaded lift cover, and listed and labeled for use in "wet locations."

2.4 FINISHES

A. Color:

1. Wiring Devices Connected to Normal Power System: White OR match existing, unless otherwise indicated or required by NFPA 70. Engineer approve.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 INSTALLATION

A. Install devices and assemblies level, plumb, and square with building lines.

B. Install wall dimmers to achieve indicated rating after derating for ganging according to manufacturer's written instructions.

C. Arrangement of Devices: Unless otherwise indicated, mount flush, with long dimension vertical, and with grounding terminal of receptacles on top. Group adjacent switches under single, multigang wall plates.

D Remove wall plates and protect devices and assemblies during painting.

3.2 IDENTIFICATION

A. Comply with Division 16 Section "Basic Electrical Materials and Methods Electrical Identification."

3.3 CONNECTIONS



A. Ground equipment according to Division 16 Section "Grounding and Bonding."

B. Connect wiring according to Division 16 Section "Conductors and Cables."

C. Tighten electrical connectors and terminals according to manufacturer's published torque-tightening values. If manufacturer's torque values are not indicated, use those specified in UL 486A and UL 486B.


A. Perform the following field tests and inspections and prepare test reports:

1. After installing wiring devices and after electrical circuitry has been energized, test for proper polarity, ground continuity, and compliance with requirements.

2. Test GFCI operation with both local and remote fault simulations according to manufacturer's written instructions.

B. Remove malfunctioning units, replace with new units, and retest as specified above.



ENCLOSED SWITCHES AND CIRCUIT BREAKERS 16410 - 1

SECTION 16410 - ENCLOSED SWITCHES AND CIRCUIT BREAKERS

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes individually mounted enclosed switches and circuit breakers used for the following:

1. Feeder and branch-circuit protection.2. Motor and equipment disconnecting means.

1.2 DEFINITIONS

A. GFCI: Ground-fault circuit interrupter.

B. RMS: Root mean square.

C. SPDT: Single pole, double throw.

1.3 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For each type of switch, circuit breaker, accessory, and component indicated. Include dimensions and manufacturers' technical data on features, performance, electrical characteristics, ratings, and finishes.

B. Shop Drawings: For each switch and circuit breaker.

1. Include the following:

a. Enclosure types and details for types other than NEMA 250, Type 1.b. Current and voltage ratings.c. Short-circuit current rating.d. UL listing for series rating of installed devices.e. Features, characteristics, ratings, and factory settings of individual overcurrent

protective devices and auxiliary components.

2. Wiring Diagrams: Power, signal, and control wiring. Differentiate between manufacturer-installed and field-installed wiring.

C. Maintenance Data: For enclosed switches and circuit breakers and for components to include in maintenance manuals specified in Division 1. In addition to requirements specified in Division 1 Section "Closeout Procedures," include the following:

1. Routine maintenance requirements for components.

2. Manufacturer's written instructions for testing and adjusting switches and circuit breakers.

3. Time-current curves, including selectable ranges for each type of circuit breaker.





B. Comply with NEMA AB 1 and NEMA KS 1.

C. Comply with NFPA 70.

D. Product Selection for Restricted Space: Drawings indicate maximum dimensions for enclosed switches and circuit breakers, including clearances between enclosures, and adjacent surfaces and other items. Comply with indicated maximum dimensions.

1.5 COORDINATION

A. Coordinate layout and installation of switches, circuit breakers, and components with other construction, including conduit, piping, equipment, and adjacent surfaces. Maintain required workspace clearances and required clearances for equipment access doors and panels.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 MANUFACTURERS

A. Available Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, manufacturers offering products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to, the following:

B. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by one of the following:

1. Eaton Corp.; Cutler-Hammer Products.2. General Electric Co.; Electrical Distribution & Control Division.3. Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc.4. Square D Co.

2.2 ENCLOSED SWITCHES

A. Enclosed, Fusible Switch, 800 A and Smaller: NEMA KS 1, Type HD, with clips to accommodate specified fuses, lockable handle with two padlocks, and interlocked with cover in closed position.

2.3 ENCLOSED CIRCUIT BREAKERS

A. Molded-Case Circuit Breaker: NEMA AB 1, with interrupting capacity to meet available fault currents.

1. Thermal-Magnetic Circuit Breakers: Inverse time-current element for low-level overloads, and instantaneous magnetic trip element for short circuits. Adjustable magnetic trip setting for circuit-breaker frame sizes 250 A and larger.



2. Adjustable Instantaneous-Trip Circuit Breakers: Magnetic trip element with front-mounted, field-adjustable trip setting.

3. Electronic Trip Unit Circuit Breakers: RMS sensing; field-replaceable rating plug; with the following field-adjustable settings:

a. Instantaneous trip.b. Long- and short-time pickup levels.c. Long- and short-time time adjustments.d. Ground-fault pickup level, time delay, and I2t response.

4. Current-Limiting Circuit Breakers: Frame sizes 400 A and smaller; let-through ratings less than NEMA FU 1, RK-5.

5. Integrally Fused Circuit Breakers: Thermal-magnetic trip element with integral limiter-style fuse listed for use with circuit breaker; trip activation on fuse opening or on opening of fuse compartment door.

6. GFCI Circuit Breakers: Single- and two-pole configurations with [5] [30]-mA trip sensitivity.

7. Molded-Case Switch: Molded-case circuit breaker without trip units.

B. Molded-Case Circuit-Breaker Features and Accessories: Standard frame sizes, trip ratings, and number of poles.

1. Lugs: Mechanical style suitable for number, size, trip ratings, and material of conductors.

2. Application Listing: Appropriate for application; Type SWD for switching fluorescent lighting loads; Type HACR for heating, air-conditioning, and refrigerating equipment.

3. Ground-Fault Protection: Integrally mounted relay and trip unit with adjustable pickup and time-delay settings, push-to-test feature, and ground-fault indicator.

2.4 ENCLOSURES

A. NEMA AB 1 and NEMA KS 1 to meet environmental conditions of installed location.

1. Outdoor Locations: NEMA 250, Type 3R.2. Other Wet or Damp Indoor Locations: NEMA 250, Type 4.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Examine elements and surfaces to receive enclosed switches and circuit breakers for compliance with installation tolerances and other conditions affecting performance.



1. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.

3.2 IDENTIFICATION

A. Identify field-installed conductors, interconnecting wiring, and components.

B. Enclosure Nameplates: Label each enclosure with engraved metal or laminated-plastic nameplate mounted with corrosion-resistant screws.

3.3 CONNECTIONS

A. Install equipment grounding connections for switches and circuit breakers with ground continuity to main electrical ground bus.

B. Install power wiring. Install wiring between switches and circuit breakers, and control and indication devices.

C. Tighten electrical connectors and terminals according to manufacturer's published torque-tightening values. If manufacturer's torque values are not indicated, use those specified in UL 486A and UL 486B.


A. Testing: After installing enclosed switches and circuit breakers and after electrical circuitry has been energized, demonstrate product capability and compliance with requirements.

1. Procedures: Perform each visual and mechanical inspection and electrical test indicated in NETA ATS, Section 7.5 for switches and Section 7.6 for molded-case circuit breakers. Certify compliance with test parameters.

2. Correct malfunctioning units on-site, where possible, and retest to demonstrate compliance; otherwise, replace with new units and retest.

3.5 ADJUSTING

A. Set field-adjustable switches and circuit-breaker trip ranges.

3.6 CLEANING

A. On completion of installation, inspect interior and exterior of enclosures. Remove paint splatters and other spots. Vacuum dirt and debris; do not use compressed air to assist in cleaning. Repair exposed surfaces to match original finish.



LED INTERIOR LIGHTING 16511 - 1

SECTION 16511 - LED INTERIOR LIGHTING

PART 1 - GENERAL


A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

1.2 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Interior solid-state luminaires that use LED technology.2. Lighting fixture supports.

1.3 DEFINITIONS

A. CCT: Correlated color temperature.

B. CRI: Color Rendering Index.

C. Fixture: See "Luminaire."

D. IP: International Protection or Ingress Protection Rating.

E. LED: Light-emitting diode.

F. Lumen: Measured output of lamp and luminaire, or both.

G. Luminaire: Complete lighting unit, including lamp, reflector, and housing.

1.4 ACTION SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For each type of product.

1. Arrange in order of luminaire designation.

2. Include data on features, accessories, and finishes.

3. Include physical description and dimensions of luminaires.

4. Include emergency lighting units, including batteries and chargers.

5. Include life, output (lumens, CCT, and CRI), and energy efficiency data.

6. Photometric data and adjustment factors based on laboratory tests IES LM-79 and IES LM-80.

a. Manufacturers' Certified Data: Photometric data certified by manufacturer's laboratory with a current accreditation under the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program for Energy Efficient Lighting Products.



B. Shop Drawings: For nonstandard or custom luminaires.

1. Include plans, elevations, sections, and mounting and attachment details.

2. Include details of luminaire assemblies. Indicate dimensions, weights, loads, required clearances, method of field assembly, components, and location and size of each field connection.

3. Include diagrams for power, signal, and control wiring.

C. Samples for Initial Selection: For each type of luminaire with custom factory-applied finishes.

1. Include Samples of luminaires and accessories involving color and finish selection.

D. Samples for Verification: For each type of luminaire.

1. Include Samples of luminaires and accessories to verify finish selection.

E. Product Schedule: For luminaires and lamps. Use same designations indicated on Drawings.

1.5 INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS

A. Coordination Drawings: Reflected ceiling plan(s) and other details, drawn to scale, on which the following items are shown and coordinated with each other, using input from installers of the items involved:

1. Lighting luminaires.

2. Suspended ceiling components.

3. Partitions and millwork that penetrate the ceiling or extend to within 12 inches of the plane of the luminaires.

4. Structural members to which equipment and or luminaires will be attached.

5. Initial access modules for acoustical tile, including size and locations.

6. Items penetrating finished ceiling, including the following:

a. Other luminaires.b. Air outlets and inlets.c. Speakers.d. Sprinklers.e. Access panels.f. Ceiling-mounted projectors.g. Fire Alarm Smoke Detectors.

7. Moldings.

B. Qualification Data: For testing laboratory providing photometric data for luminaires.



C. Detailed description of equipment anchorage devices on which the certification is based and their installation requirements.

D. Product Certificates: For each type of luminaire.

E. Product Test Reports: For each luminaire, for tests performed by manufacturer and witnessed by a qualified testing agency.

F. Sample warranty.

1.6 CLOSEOUT SUBMITTALS

A. Operation and Maintenance Data: For luminaires and lighting systems to include in operation and maintenance manuals.

1. Provide a list of all lamp types used on Project; use ANSI and manufacturers' codes.

1.7 MAINTENANCE MATERIAL SUBMITTALS

A. Furnish extra materials that match products installed and that are packaged with protective covering for storage and identified with labels describing contents.

1. Five additional 2 x 4 LED fixtures as specified on drawings.


A. Luminaire Photometric Data Testing Laboratory Qualifications: Luminaire manufacturer's laboratory that is accredited under the NVLAP for Energy Efficient Lighting Products.

B. Provide luminaires from a single manufacturer for each luminaire type.

C. Each luminaire type shall be binned within a three-step MacAdam Ellipse to ensure color consistency among luminaires.

1.9 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Protect finishes of exposed surfaces by applying a strippable, temporary protective covering before shipping.

1.10 WARRANTY

A. Warranty: Manufacturer and Installer agree to repair or replace components of luminaires that fail in materials or workmanship within specified warranty period.

B. Warranty Period: Five years from date of Substantial Completion.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 LUMINAIRE REQUIREMENTS

A. Electrical Components, Devices, and Accessories: Listed and labeled as defined in NFPA 70, by a qualified testing agency, and marked for intended location and application.



B. NRTL Compliance: Luminaires for hazardous locations shall be listed and labeled for indicated class and division of hazard by an NRTL.

C. Recessed Fixtures: Comply with NEMA LE 4.

D. Bulb shape complying with ANSI C79.1.

E. Lamp base complying with ANSI C81.61.

F. CRI of minimum 65. CCT of 3500K.

G. Rated lamp life of 50,000 hours.

H. Lamps dimmable from 100 percent to 10 percent of maximum light output.

I. Internal driver.

J. Nominal Operating Voltage: 277 V ac.

1. Lens Thickness: At least 0.125 inch minimum unless otherwise indicated.

K. Housings:

1. Extruded-aluminum housing and heat sink.2. Painted finish.

2.2 CYLINDER

A. Manufacturers: Refer to Lighting Fixture Schedule on the Drawings.

B. Minimum 2900 lumens. Minimum allowable efficacy of 64 lumens per watt.

C. With integral mounting provisions.

2.3 RECESSED LINEAR

A. Manufacturers: Refer to Lighting Fixture Schedule on the Drawings.

B. Minimum 3300 lumens. Minimum allowable efficacy of 85 lumens per watt.

C. Integral junction box with conduit fittings.

2.4 MATERIALS

A. Metal Parts:

1. Free of burrs and sharp corners and edges.2. Sheet metal components shall be steel unless otherwise indicated.3. Form and support to prevent warping and sagging.

B. Doors, Frames, and Other Internal Access: Smooth operating, free of light leakage under operating conditions, and designed to permit relamping without use of tools. Designed to

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prevent doors, frames, lenses, diffusers, and other components from falling accidentally during re-lamping and when secured in operating position.

C. Diffusers and Globes:

1. Prismatic acrylic.

2. Acrylic Diffusers: One hundred percent virgin acrylic plastic, with high resistance to yellowing and other changes due to aging, exposure to heat, and UV radiation.

3. Lens Thickness: At least 0.125 inch minimum unless otherwise indicated.

D. Housings:

1. Extruded-aluminum housing and heat sink.2. Powder painted finish latches and door frames painted after fabrication.

E. Factory-Applied Labels: Comply with UL 1598. Include recommended lamps. Locate labels where they will be readily visible to service personnel, but not seen from normal viewing angles when lamps are in place.

1. Label shall include the following lamp characteristics:

a. "USE ONLY" and include specific lamp type.b. Lamp diameter, shape, size, wattage, and coating.c. CCT and CRI for all luminaires.

2.5 METAL FINISHES

A. Variations in finishes are unacceptable in the same piece. Variations in finishes of adjoining components are acceptable if they are within the range of approved Samples and if they can be and are assembled or installed to minimize contrast.

2.6 LUMINAIRE FIXTURE SUPPORT COMPONENTS

A. Comply with requirements in Section 260529 "Hangers and Supports for Electrical Systems" for channel and angle iron supports and nonmetallic channel and angle supports.

B. Single-Stem Hangers: 1/2-inch steel tubing with swivel ball fittings and ceiling canopy. Finish same as luminaire.

C. Wires: ASTM A 641/A 641 M, Class 3, soft temper, zinc-coated steel, 12 gage.

D. Rod Hangers: 3/16-inch minimum diameter, cadmium-plated, threaded steel rod.

E. Hook Hangers: Integrated assembly matched to luminaire, line voltage, and equipment with threaded attachment, cord, and locking-type plug.



PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Examine substrates, areas, and conditions, with Installer present, for compliance with requirements for installation tolerances and other conditions affecting performance of the Work.

B. Examine roughing-in for luminaire to verify actual locations of luminaire and electrical connections before fixture installation. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.

3.2 TEMPORARY LIGHTING

A. If approved by the Architect, use selected permanent luminaires for temporary lighting. When construction is sufficiently complete, clean luminaires used for temporary lighting and install new lamps.

3.3 INSTALLATION

A. Comply with NECA 1.

B. Install luminaires level, plumb, and square with ceilings and walls unless otherwise indicated.

C. Install lamps in each luminaire.

D. Supports:

1. Sized and rated for luminaire weight.

2. Able to maintain luminaire position after cleaning and re-lamping.

3. Provide support for luminaire without causing deflection of ceiling or wall.

4. Luminaire mounting devices shall be capable of supporting a horizontal force of 100 percent of luminaire weight and vertical force of 400 percent of luminaire weight.

E. Flush-Mounted Luminaire Support:

1. Secured to outlet box.

2. Attached to ceiling structural members at four points equally spaced around circumference of luminaire.

3. Trim ring flush with finished surface.

F. Ceiling-Mounted Luminaire Support:

1. Ceiling mount with pendant mount with 5/32-inch-diameter aircraft cable supports.

G. Suspended Luminaire Support:

1. Pendants and Rods: Where longer than 48 inches, brace to limit swinging.



2. Stem-Mounted, Single-Unit Luminaires: Suspend with twin-stem hangers. Support with approved outlet box and accessories that hold stem and provide damping of luminaire oscillations. Support outlet box vertically to building structure using approved devices.

3. Do not use ceiling grid as support for pendant luminaires. Connect support wires or rods to building structure.

H. Ceiling-Grid-Mounted Luminaires:

1. Secure to any required outlet box.

2. Use approved devices and support components to connect luminaire to ceiling grid and building structure in a minimum of four locations, spaced near corners of luminaire.

I. Comply with requirements in Section 260519 "Low-Voltage Electrical Power Conductors and Cables" for wiring connections.

3.4 IDENTIFICATION

A. Identify system components, wiring, cabling, and terminals. Comply with requirements for identification specified in Section 260500 “Basic Electrical Materials and Methods”, sub-paragraph "Identification for Electrical Systems."


A. Perform the following tests and inspections:

1. Operational Test: After installing luminaires, switches, and accessories, and after electrical circuitry has been energized, test units to confirm proper operation.

2. Test for Emergency Lighting: Interrupt power supply to demonstrate proper operation. Verify transfer from normal power to battery power and retransfer to normal.

B. Luminaire will be considered defective if it does not pass operation tests and inspections.

C. Prepare test and inspection reports.

3.6 ADJUSTING

A. Occupancy Adjustments: When requested within 12 months of date of Substantial Completion, provide on-site assistance in adjusting the direction of aim of luminaires to suit occupied conditions. Make up to two visits to Project during other-than-normal hours for this purpose. Some of this work may be required during hours of darkness.

1. During adjustment visits, inspect all luminaires. Replace lamps or luminaires that are defective.

2. Parts and supplies shall be manufacturer's authorized replacement parts and supplies.

3. Adjust the aim of luminaires in the presence of the Architect.


GENERAL SITEWORK REQUIREMENTS 310500 - 1

SECTION 310500 – GENERAL SITEWORK REQUIREMENTS

PART 1 - GENERAL


A. Drawings and general provisions of the contract, including General and Supplemental

Conditions and other Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this section.

1.2 SITEWORK LAYOUT

A. Monuments and Benchmarks

1. Maintain all monuments, property corners, bench marks and other reference points.

2. If these are disturbed or destroyed during construction operations, have them

replaced by a surveyor licensed in the Commonwealth of Virginia. This replacement

shall be at no additional expense to the Contract.

B. Laying out the Work.

1. Locate all existing bench marks and other reference points.

2. Protect these points throughout construction.

3. Layout work utilizing these reference points.

C. As-Built Drawings

1. Maintain a record of the as-built locations of all underground utilities and piping.

2. Maintain a record of any as-built variations of the work.

3. As-built Drawings shall be certified by a Land Surveyor registered in the

Commonwealth of Virginia.

4. Submit these as-built drawings at Project Closeout.

1.3 EASEMENTS

A. Restore all off-site easements to the condition existing prior to the start of work.



1.4 MAINTENANCE OF TRAFFIC

A. Maintain vehicular and pedestrian traffic across the frontage of this project. Comply with

all applicable safety requirements.

1.5 SUBMITTALS

A. For those submittals, close-out documents and O&M manuals requiring review by the

architect's consultants, contractor shall ship such documents to the Architect.

1.6 CORRELATION OF CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS

A. Review construction documents thoroughly prior to the start of construction.

B. Report any conflict or discrepancy discovered in the Construction Documents to the

Architect prior to the start of construction.

C. Report any conflict or discrepancy discovered between the Construction Documents and

state and local governmental regulations to the Architect prior to the start of construction.


A. The conditions existing at the time of inspection for bidding purposes will be maintained

by the Owner to the extent practical. However, minor variations may occur due to Owner’s

removal and salvage operations prior to the start of demolition work.

B. The location of existing underground utilities indicated is approximate only. Field locate

all existing underground utilities in the area of work, regardless of whether or not they are

indicated. Call “Miss Utility” prior to the start of demolition work for assistance in the

location of existing underground utilities.

C. Should charted, uncharted or incorrectly charted utilities be encountered during demolition,

contact the Architect immediately for instructions. Cooperate with Owner and utility

companies to keep services and facilities in operation.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

Not Applicable



PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PROJECT CLEAN UP

A. Clean site as construction progresses. Do not allow trash or other waste materials to

accumulate.

B. Prior to requesting the punch-list inspection, clean the site to the following requirements:

1. Power wash all walks and pavements.

2. The remainder of the site shall be broom clean.

3. Remove all trash and debris.

3.2 EXISTING FACILITIES

A. Preserve existing signs, markers, guardrails and fences in their original condition unless

written permission is obtained for their removal and replacement.

B. Replace damaged items at no additional cost to the Contract.



SITE CLEARING 311000 - 1

SECTION 311000 - SITE CLEARING

PART 1 - GENERAL




1.2 SUMMARY


1. Protection of existing trees.

2. Clearing and grubbing.

3. Removal of trees and other vegetation.

4. Topsoil stripping.

1.3 DEFINITIONS

A. Remove: Remove and legally dispose of items indicated. Removal includes digging out

and off-site disposing of stumps and roots.

B. Tree Protection Zone: The area surrounding individual trees or groups of trees to be

protected during construction, and defined by the drip line of individual trees or the

perimeter drip line of groups of trees, unless otherwise indicated.

C. Topsoil: Friable, clay loam surface soil, found in varying depths.

1.4 MATERIALS OWNERSHIP

A. Except for stripped topsoil or other materials indicated to remain Owner's property, cleared

materials shall become Contractor's property and shall be removed from Project site at the

Contractor’s expense.

1.5 SUBMITTALS

A. Photographs or videotape, sufficiently detailed, of existing conditions of trees, plantings

and other improvements adjoining the construction that might be misconstrued as damage

caused by the Work.



B. Sample of tree protection fencing.


A. Traffic: Conduct site clearing operations to ensure minimum interference with roads,

streets, walks, and other adjacent occupied or used facilities. Do not close or obstruct

streets, walks or other occupied or used facilities without permission from authorities

having jurisdiction.

B. Protection of Existing Improvements: Provide protections necessary to prevent damage to

existing improvements indicated to remain in place.

1. Protect existing improvements on adjoining properties and on Owner's property.

2. Restore existing improvements damaged by clearing operations to their original

condition.

C. The conditions existing at the time of inspection for bidding purposes will be maintained

by the Owner to the extent practical. However, minor variations may occur due to Owner’s

removal and salvage operations prior to start of construction work.

D. Do not commence site-clearing operations until erosion and sedimentation control

measures are in place.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

1.7 TREE PROTECTION FENCING

A. Tree protection fencing shall conform to standard and specification 3.38-2 (plastic fence)

of the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook.

PART 3 – EXECUTION

1.8 Protection of Existing Trees and Vegetation

A. Install tree protection fencing as indicated. Erect and maintain a temporary fence around

the drip line of individual trees or around the perimeter drip line of groups of trees to

remain.

1. Do not store construction materials, debris, topsoil or other excavated material

within the tree protection zone.

2. Do not permit vehicles or other equipment within the tree protection zone.

3. Maintain tree protection zones free of weeds and trash.



B. Protect existing trees and other vegetation indicated to remain in place, against unnecessary

cutting, breaking or skinning of roots, skinning or bruising of bark, smothering of trees by

stockpiling construction materials or excavated materials within drip line, excess foot or

vehicular traffic, or parking of vehicles within drip line.

C. Provide protection for roots over 1-1/2 inch diameter that are cut during construction

operations. Coat cut faces with emulsified asphalt, or other acceptable coating, formulated

for use on damaged plant tissues. Temporarily cover exposed roots with wet burlap to

prevent roots from drying out; cover with earth as soon as possible.

D. Repair or replace trees and vegetation indicated to remain which are damaged by

construction operations, in a manner acceptable to Architect.

1.9 SITE CLEARING

A. General: Remove trees, shrubs, grass and other vegetation as required to permit installation

of the Work. Cut minor roots and branches of trees indicated to remain in a clean and

careful manner, where such roots and branches obstruct installation of the Work.

B. Clearing and Grubbing: Clear site of trees, shrubs and other vegetation within the clearing

limits indicated.

1. Completely remove stumps, roots, and other debris.

2. Use only hand methods for grubbing inside drip line of trees indicated to remain.

3. Fill depressions caused by clearing and grubbing operations with satisfactory soil

material, unless further excavation or earthwork is indicated. Place fill material in

horizontal layers not exceeding 6 inches loose depth, and thoroughly compact to a

density equal to adjacent original ground.

1.10 Topsoil Stripping

A. Remove heavy growths of grass from areas before stripping.

B. Strip topsoil to whatever depths are encountered, but to a minimum of at least 4 inches.

C. Strip topsoil in a manner to prevent intermingling with underlying subsoil or other material.

1. Remove subsoil and nonsoil materials from topsoil, including trash, debris, weeds,

roots, and other waste materials.

D. Where existing trees are indicated to remain, leave existing topsoil in place within drip

lines to prevent damage to root system.

E. Temporarily stockpile topsoil in storage piles in areas indicated or directed. Construct

storage piles to provide free drainage of surface water. Cover storage piles, if required, to

prevent wind erosion.



1. Do not stockpile topsoil within tree protection zones.

F. Dispose of unsuitable or excess topsoil in a legal manner off-site at the Contractor’s

expense.

1.11 DISPOSAL OF WASTE MATERIALS

A. Burning on Owner's Property: Burning will not be allowed.

B. Removal from Owner's Property: Remove waste materials generated by clearing operations

from Owner's property and dispose of in a legal manner off-site at the Contractor’s

expense.

1. Remove waste materials and debris from the site in a manner to prevent spillage.

Pavements and the area adjacent to the site shall remain free from mud, dirt and

debris at all times.

2. Clean up debris resulting from site clearing operations continuously with the

progress of the work.



EARTHWORK 312000 - 1

SECTION 312000 - EARTHWORK

PART 1 - GENERAL




B. Refer to Section 01 21 00.01 and the Bid Form for information concerning required

allowances and unit prices.

C. Refer to Section 31 10 00 for topsoil stripping and Sections 32 92 00 and 32 93 00 for

topsoil placement.

1.2 SUMMARY


1. Excavation, filling, backfilling, and grading indicated and necessary for proper

completion of the work.

2. Preparing of subgrade for building slabs, walks, and pavements.

3. Drainage/porous fill course for support of building slabs.

4. Excavating and backfilling of trenches.

5. Excavating and backfilling for underground mechanical and electrical utilities and

buried mechanical and electrical appurtenances.

1.3 SUBMITTALS

A. VDOT approved Job Mix for stone.

B. Imported fill (if required): Submit location of borrow pit and a sample of the soil for

approval to the Owner’s Geotechnical Engineer a minimum of fourteen (14) working days

prior to use

C. Geotextile Fabric

1.4 DEFINITIONS

A. Excavation: Removal of all material (except for rock) encountered to design subgrade

elevations indicated for cut areas and to subsoil elevations in fill areas. Excavation also



includes subsequent respreading, moisture conditioning, compaction, and grading of

satisfactory materials removed.

B. Unauthorized Excavation: Removal of materials beyond the limits indicated in the

definition of “Excavation” without specific direction of Architect.

C. Additional Excavation: Removal, disposal and replacement of materials beyond the limits

indicated in the definition of “Excavation” at the direction of the Architect. Refer to Part 3

of this Section for requirements of Additional Excavation.

D. Subgrade: The undisturbed earth (in cut) or the compacted soil layer (in fill) immediately

below granular subbase, drainage fill, or topsoil materials.

E. Subsoil: The undisturbed earth immediately below the existing topsoil layer.

F. Building Pad: The area extending 10 feet beyond the exterior limits of the building/column

footings and down to undisturbed soils at a one horizontal to one vertical slope.

G. Structures: The area extending a minimum of ten (10) feet beyond the edge of foundations,

slabs, curbs, underground tanks, piping or other man-made stationary features occurring

above or below ground surface.

H. Pavements: The area extending 10 feet beyond the exterior limits of paved areas and down

to undisturbed soils at a one horizontal to one vertical slope. The area extending 3 feet

beyond the exterior limits of walks and down to undisturbed soils at a one horizontal to one

vertical slope

I. Subbase Material: Artificially graded mixture of crushed gravel or crushed stone meeting

VDOT specifications. Material type is indicated on the drawings.

J. Drainage/Porous Fill: Washed, evenly graded mixture of crushed stone, or crushed or

uncrushed gravel meeting the requirements of VDOT No. 57 Stone.

K. Rock: Hard bed rock, boulders or similar material requiring the use of rock drills for

removal. The criteria for classification of general excavation as rock is any material which

cannot be dislodged by a Caterpillar D-8 Tractor, or equivalent, equipped with a single

tooth hydraulically operated power ripper. The criteria for trench rock shall be that a

Caterpillar 345 Backhoe, or equivalent, with a proper width bucket cannot remove the

material.

1.5 Additional work

A. Paragraph 4.3.4 of General Conditions refers to certain conditions that may require

additional excavation work. This paragraph is further defined herein and, where there are

conflicts, is superseded by this section.

B. Claims for concealed, unknown, or unanticipated subsurface conditions are limited to those

circumstances where:



1. Additional excavation work is required below the contract limits indicated to provide

acceptable bearing for building pad, structures or pavements.

2. Additional excavation work is required to raise, lower, or revise the footings,

foundations or other parts of the building to provide acceptable bearing.

3. Additional excavation work below the utility trench design elevations, for utilities

outside the limits of the building, as required to provide acceptable bearing for the

utility.

4. Rock is encountered between existing grade and design subgrade.

C. The risks of concealed, unknown, or unanticipated subsurface conditions (except for rock)

from existing ground surface to the design subgrade elevations in cut areas and to subsoil

elevations in fill areas shall be included in the Contract Amount and shall not be considered

as grounds for additional costs to the Contract. The risks of concealed, unknown, or

unanticipated subsurface conditions below the elevations stated above shall be considered

as Additional Excavation.

D. During construction, if concealed, unknown, or unanticipated subsurface conditions are

encountered which require that footings, foundations or other parts of the building be

raised, lowered or revised to provide acceptable bearing for the building or if, outside the

building limits, additional depth of utility trench excavation below the design subgrade or

subsoil elevations is required, immediately notify the Architect upon discovery of such

condition prior to disturbing the material encountered.

E. Payment for additional Work

1. Additional excavation shall be counted toward the unit price allowances established

in the Bid Form. The Owner reserves the right to negotiate said unit price

allowances prior to the Award of Contract.

2. Lowering of footings and trenches shall be counted toward the unit price allowances

established in the bid form.

3. Rock removal, if required, shall be counted toward the unit price allowances

established in the Bid Form. The Owner reserves the right to negotiate said unit

price allowances prior to the Award of Contract.

4. Rock payment lines are limited to the following:

a. Two feet outside of concrete work for which forms are required, except

footings.

b. One foot outside perimeter of footings, two feet below bottom of footings.

c. In pipe trenches, 6 inches below invert elevation of pipe and 2 feet wider than

outside diameter of pipe, but not less than 3 feet minimum trench width.

d. Outside dimensions of concrete work where no forms are required.



e. Under slabs on grade, 6 inches below bottom of concrete slab.

5. No payment will be made for unauthorized excavation.

1.6 EARTHWORK BALANCE ADJUSTMENTS

A. Adjustments of grades may be allowed with prior written approval of the Architect in order

to accommodate shortfall or surplus of material that may occur. Should adjustments be

allowed, maintenance of designed drainage patterns and required adjustments to drainage

structures shall be a Contract responsibility. No additional payment will be made for these

adjustments.


A. Codes and Standards: Perform excavation work in compliance with applicable

requirements of authorities having jurisdiction.

B. Environmental Compliance:

1. Comply with the requirements of the latest edition of the Virginia Erosion and

Sediment Control Handbook for erosion control during earthwork operations.

C. Testing and Inspection Service: Owner will employ and pay for an independent

Geotechnical testing and inspection laboratory to perform soil testing and inspection

service during earthwork operations. Cooperate with Owner’s Geotechnical Engineer as

required for testing and inspection of work. These services do not relieve the responsibility

for compliance with Contract Document requirements.

D. The Owners testing agency will test crushed recycled concrete for use as pavement base

course.


A. Bidders and interested parties (prior to receipt of bids) are encouraged to conduct their own

soil and subsurface investigations, examinations, tests, and exploratory borings to

determine the nature of the soil conditions underlying the project site. Contact the Owner's

office to make an appointment to enter the site for the purpose of conducting your own

investigation prior to bid.

B. Existing Utilities: Do not interrupt existing utilities serving offsite property owners except

when permitted under the following conditions and then only after arranging to provide

acceptable temporary utility services.

1. Notify Architect not less than 48 hours in advance of proposed utility interruptions.

2. Do not proceed with utility interruptions without receiving Architect’s written

permission.



3. Existing utilities across or along the line of work are indicated only in an

approximate location. Locate all underground lines and structures. Call “Miss

Utility” at 1-800-552-7001 prior to construction. If utilities are marked that are not

shown on the plans, locate utility vertically and horizontally and provide information

to architect. Repair and correct any damage to underground lines and structures.

1.9 SAFETY

A. Protection of Persons and Property: Barricade open excavations occurring as part of this

work and post with warning lights.

1. Operate warning lights as recommended by authorities having jurisdiction and

governing regulations and standards.

2. Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other facilities from damage

caused by settlement, lateral movement, undermining, washout, and other hazards

created by earthwork operations.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

1.10 SOIL MATERIALS

A. Satisfactory soil materials are defined as those complying with ASTM D2487 soil

classification groups SM, SW, SP, GP, CL, ML, SC, GC, GM and GW with dimensions not

to exceed 2 inches in diameter. All material used for structural fill shall be evaluated by the

owners geotechnical engineer to determine if it is suitable for the intended purpose.

B. Unsatisfactory soil materials are defined as those complying with ASTM D2487 soil

classification groups OL, OH, PT, GT, CH, MH.

C. Backfill and Fill Materials: Satisfactory soil materials free of clay, rock or gravel larger

than 2 inches in any dimension (2 inches for material used in trench backfill), debris, waste,

frozen materials, vegetation and other deleterious matter.

D. Imported material for structural fill shall comply with ASTM D2487 soil classification

groups SM, SP, SW, GP, or GW with dimensions not to exceed 2 inches in diameter.

Offsite borrow material shall have a plasticity index less than 20.

1.11 Accessories

A. Non-woven Geotextile Fabric (for drainage): Mirafi 140N, or equivalent.

B. Woven Geotextile Fabric (for reinforcement): Mirafi 600X, or equivalent.



PART 3 – EXECUTION

1.12 PREPARATION

A. Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other facilities from damage caused

by settlement, lateral movement, undermining, washout, and other hazards created by

earthwork operations.

B. Preparation of subgrade for earthwork operations including removal of vegetation, topsoil,

debris, obstructions, and deleterious materials from ground surface is specified in Section

"Site Clearing."

C. Protect and maintain erosion and sedimentation controls, which are specified in "Erosion

Control" during earthwork operations.

D. The Contractor will limit traffic on stripped or undercut subgrades. The Contractor will

utilize light weight, track-mounted dozer equipment for stripping.

1.13 DEWATERING

A. Prevent surface water and subsurface or groundwater from flowing into excavations and

from flooding project site and surrounding area.

1. Do not allow water to accumulate in excavations. Remove water to prevent

softening of foundation bottoms, undercutting footings, and soil changes detrimental

to stability of subgrade and foundations. Provide and maintain pumps, well points,

sumps, suction and discharge lines, and other dewatering system components

necessary to convey water away from excavations.

2. Establish and maintain temporary drainage ditches and other diversions outside

excavation limits to convey rain water and water removed from excavations to

collecting or runoff areas. Do not use utility trench excavations as temporary

drainage ditches.

B. Should any springs or running water be encountered in the excavation, notify the Architect

and provide discharge by trenches (or other acceptable means) and drain to an appropriate

point of disposal.

C. Provide temporary drainage facilities to minimize the flow of rainwater onto adjacent

property. Repair any damage to property or to subgrade as a result of construction and/or

dewatering (or lack thereof) operations at no additional cost to the Contract. If permanent

provision must be made for disposal of water other than as indicated, the Contract price

shall be adjusted.

D. Soils encountered may require discing, scarifying, moisture conditioning, harrowing,

pulverizing, or other special or careful handling when utilized as fill. No additional

payment will be made for these operations.



1.14 EXCAVATION

A. Excavation consists of removal, placement and disposal of material encountered when

establishing required subgrade or finish grade elevations.

1. Excavation includes removal and disposal of pavements and other obstructions

visible on ground surface; underground structures, utilities and other items indicated

to be demolished and removed; together with earth and other materials encountered

that are not classified as rock or unauthorized excavation.

B. Rock Excavation: If Rock is encountered the Owner’s Geotechnical Engineer will verify

that the material qualifies for classification as rock excavation.

1. If rock is encountered in grading, remove to depths as follows:

a. Under surfaced areas, to 6” under the respective subgrade for such areas.

b. Under grass and planted areas - 12” minimum.

c. Under footings – Two feet below bottom of footing, One foot outside of

perimeter of footing.

2. A surveyor licensed in the Commonwealth of Virginia and employed by the

Contractor shall calculate the quantity of material removed as Rock Excavation. The

quantity of rock calculated shall not exceed the volume determined by the payment

limits. The Owner’s Project Representative shall review the quantity calculated

within 48 hours of receiving the survey notes. The cost of quantifying the material

shall be included in the unit price allowance(s) for Rock Excavation (Mass and

Trench).

1.15 EXCAVATION FOR BUILDING PAD AND STRUCTURES

A. Conform to elevations and dimensions indicated within a tolerance of plus or minus 0.10

foot, and extending a sufficient distance from footings and foundations to permit placing

and removal of concrete formwork, installation of services, and other construction and for

review.

B. Excavations for footings and foundations: Do not disturb bottoms of excavation. Excavate

by hand to elevations required just before concrete reinforcement is placed. Trim bottoms

to required lines and grades to leave solid base to receive other work.

1. Where rock is encountered, carry excavation 6 inches below required elevation and

backfill with a 6-inch layer of crushed stone or gravel prior to installation of footing.

C. Excavation for Underground Tanks, Basins, and Mechanical or Electrical Structures:

Conform to elevations and dimensions indicated within a tolerance of plus or minus 0.10

foot; plus a sufficient distance to permit placing and removal of concrete formwork,

installation of services, and other construction and for review. Do not disturb bottom of

excavations intended for bearing surface.



1.16 EXCAVATION FOR WALKS AND PAVEMENTS

A. Cut surface under pavements to comply with cross-sections, elevations and grades as

indicated.

1.17 EXCAVATION FOR UTILITY TRENCHES

A. Excavate trenches to uniform width, sufficiently wide to provide ample working room and

a minimum of 6 to 9 inches of clearance on both sides of pipe or conduit.

B. Excavate trenches to depth indicated or required to establish indicated slope and invert

elevations and to support bottom of pipe or conduit on undisturbed soil. Beyond building

perimeter, excavate trenches to allow installation of top of pipe below frost line.

1. Where rock is encountered, carry excavation 6 inches below required elevation and

backfill with a 6-inch layer of crushed stone or gravel prior to installation of pipe.

2. For pipes or conduit less than 6 inches in nominal size, and for flat-bottomed,

multiple-duct conduit units, do not excavate beyond indicated depths.

Hand-excavate bottom cut to accurate elevations and support pipe or conduit on

undisturbed soil.

3. For pipes and equipment 6 inches or larger in nominal size, shape bottom of trench

to fit bottom of pipe for 90 degrees (bottom 1/4 of the circumference). Fill

depressions with tamped sand backfill. At each pipe joint, dig bell holes to relieve

pipe bell of loads ensure continuous bearing of pipe barrel on bearing surface.

1.18 EXCAVATION STABILITY

A. General: Comply with local codes, ordinances, and requirements of agencies having

jurisdiction.

B. Slope sides of excavations to comply with local codes, ordinances, and requirements of

agencies having jurisdiction. Shore and brace where sloping is not possible because of

space restrictions or stability of material excavated. Maintain sides and slopes of

excavations in safe condition until completion of backfilling.

C. Shoring and Bracing: Provide materials for shoring and bracing, such as sheet piling,

uprights, stringers, and cross braces, in good serviceable condition. Maintain shoring and

bracing in excavations regardless of time period excavations will be open. Extend shoring

and bracing as excavation progresses.

1.19 SUBGRADE INSPECTION

A. Notify Architect when mass, trench and footing excavations have reached required

subgrade. The Architect will arrange for an inspection of conditions by the Owner’s

Geotechnical Engineer. Alternative procedures for arranging this review may be

implemented at the Owner’s written option.



B. If the Owner’s Geotechnical Engineer determines that the subgrade bearing conditions are

unacceptable, the Architect will authorize additional excavation until suitable bearing

conditions are encountered.

C. Proof-roll subgrade below the building slabs and pavements with heavy pneumatic-tired

equipment to identify soft pockets and areas of excess yielding. Do not proof-roll wet or

saturated subgrades.

1. Completely proof-roll subgrade in one direction, repeating proof-rolling in direction

perpendicular to first direction. Limit vehicle speed to 3 mph.

2. Proof-roll with a loaded 10-wheel, tandem-axle dump truck weighing not less than

15 tons.

3. Excavate soft spots, unsatisfactory soils, and areas of excessive pumping or rutting,

as determined by Architect, and replace with compacted backfill or fill as directed.

D. Under supervision of the Owner’s Geotechnical Engineer, proofroll subgrade in cut areas

below the building pad and pavement(s) with a loaded dump truck or other approved

pneumatic tired vehicle. Should any unstable sub-soil be encountered below pavement or

structures, break up the top eight inches of ground surface, pulverize, moisture-condition to

optimum moisture content, and compact to percentage of maximum density as stated in

Percentage of Maximum Density Requirements. Perform this work at no additional cost

and/or time to the Contract.

E. Reconstruct subgrades damaged by freezing temperatures, frost, rain, accumulated water, or

construction activities, as directed by Architect, without additional compensation.

1.20 ADDITIONAL EXCAVATION

A. Additional Excavation (Mass): Remove excavated materials and dispose of on-site as

directed by the Architect. Replace this excavated material with satisfactory material placed

and compacted according to the requirements of the “Placement and Compaction” section.

B. Additional Excavation in Trenches: Remove excavated materials and dispose of on-site as

directed by the Architect. Replace this excavated material with stone.

C. Additional Excavation in Footings: Remove excavated materials and dispose of on-site as

directed by the Architect. Replace this excavated material with lean concrete/flowable fill

or with stone extending 12 inches laterally beyond the footing in all directions.

D. The quantity of material removed as Additional Excavation (Mass, Trench or Footing) shall

be calculated by a surveyor licensed in the Commonwealth of Virginia and employed by

the Contractor. The Owner’s Project Representative shall review the quantity calculated

within 48 hours of receiving the survey notes. The cost of quantifying the material shall be

included in the unit price allowance(s) for the type of Additional Excavation.

E. Protect the subgrade during construction:



1. During wet conditions, the subgrade soils may become saturated and soften, possibly

resulting in damage to the subgrade if disturbed by equipment. Correct subgrade

damaged in this manner. No additional payment will be made to correct subgrade

damaged in this manner.

2. During construction limit traffic on approved subgrade. Construction traffic on the

approved subgrade may damage the approved subgrade. Correct subgrade damaged

in this manner. No additional payment will be made to correct subgrade damaged in

the manner.

1.21 UNAUTHORIZED EXCAVATION

A. Correct Unauthorized Excavation as follows:

1. Under footings, foundation bases, or retaining walls, fill unauthorized excavation by

extending indicated bottom elevation of footing or base to excavation bottom without

altering required top elevation. Lean concrete fill may be used to bring elevations to

proper position when acceptable to Architect.

2. Elsewhere, backfill and compact unauthorized excavations as indicated for

authorized excavations of same classification unless otherwise directed by Architect.

1.22 STORAGE OF EXCAVATED MATERIALS

A. Temporarily stockpile excavated materials acceptable for use as backfill and fill. Place,

grade, and shape stockpiles for proper drainage. Cover to prevent windblown dust.

1. Stockpile excavated materials away from edge of excavations. Do not store within

the drip line of trees to remain.

1.23 BACKFILL AND FILL

A. Backfill excavations as promptly as work permits, but not until completion of the

following:

1. Acceptance by local authority having jurisdiction of construction below finished

grade, including perimeter insulation.

2. Review, approval, and recording of the locations of underground utilities.

3. Removal of concrete formwork.

4. Removal of shoring and bracing (including backfilling of voids with satisfactory

materials).

5. Removal of trash and debris from excavation.



6. Permanent or temporary horizontal bracing is in place on horizontally supported

walls.

B. Place backfill on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow or ice.

C. Ground Surface Preparation: Remove vegetation, debris, obstructions, and deleterious

materials from ground surface prior to placement of fills.

D. Bench sloped surfaces steeper than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal so fill material will bond with

existing material. Plow, scarify, bench or break up sloped surfaces flatter than 1 vertical to

4 horizontal so fill material will bond with existing material.

E. Place soil material in layers to required subgrade elevations, for each area classification

listed below, using materials indicated in Part 2 of this Section.

1. Under grassed areas, use satisfactory excavated or borrow material.

2. Under walks, curbs, and pavements, use satisfactory excavated or borrow material.

3. Under building slabs, use satisfactory excavated or borrow materials and

drainage/porous fill material as indicated.

1.24 UTILITY TRENCH BACKFILL

A. Place backfill on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.

B. Place and compact bedding course on trench bottoms and where indicated. Shape bedding

course to provide continuous support for bells, joints, and barrels of pipes and for joints,

fittings, and bodies of conduits.

C. Backfill trenches with concrete where trench excavations pass within 18 inches of column

or wall footings and that are carried below bottom of such footings or that pass under wall

footings. Place concrete to level of bottom of adjacent footing.

D. Provide 4-inch- thick, concrete-base slab support for piping or conduit less than 30 inches

below surface of roadways. After installing and testing, completely encase piping or

conduit in a minimum of 4 inches of concrete before backfilling or placing roadway

subbase.

E. Place and compact initial backfill of satisfactory soil, free of particles larger than 1 inch in

any dimension, to a height of 12 inches over the utility pipe or conduit.

1. Carefully compact initial backfill under pipe haunches and compact evenly up on

both sides and along the full length of utility piping or conduit to avoid damage or

displacement of piping or conduit. Coordinate backfilling with utilities testing.

F. Controlled Low-Strength Material: Place initial backfill of controlled low-strength

material to a height of 12 inches over the utility pipe or conduit.

G. Backfill voids with satisfactory soil while installing and removing shoring and bracing.



H. Place and compact final backfill of satisfactory soil to final subgrade elevation.

I. Controlled Low-Strength Material: Place final backfill of controlled low-strength material

to final subgrade elevation.

J. Install warning tape directly above utilities, 12 inches below finished grade, except 6 inches

below subgrade under pavements and slabs.

K. Do not backfill trenches until any required testing and inspections have been completed and

Architect authorizes backfilling. Backfill carefully to avoid damage or displacement of pipe

systems.

L. Under piping and conduit and equipment, use crushed stone where required over rock

bearing surface and for correction of unauthorized excavation. Shape excavation bottom to

fit bottom 90 degrees of cylinder.

M. Place backfill and fill materials evenly adjacent to structures, piping, or conduit to required

elevations. Prevent wedging action of backfill against structures or displacement of piping

or conduit by carrying material uniformly around structure, piping, or conduit to

approximately same elevation in each lift.

1.25 SOIL MOISTURE CONTROL

A. Uniformly moisten or aerate subgrade and each subsequent fill or backfill soil layer before

compaction to within 3 percent of optimum moisture content.

1. Do not place backfill or fill soil material on surfaces that are muddy, frozen, or

contain frost or ice.

2. Remove and replace, or scarify and air dry otherwise satisfactory soil material that

exceeds optimum moisture content by 3 percent and is too wet to compact to

specified dry unit weight.

B. Moisture Control: Where subgrade or layer of soil material must be moisture conditioned

before compaction, uniformly apply water to surface of subgrade or layer of soil material.

Apply water in minimum quantity as necessary to prevent free water from appearing on

surface during or subsequent to compaction operations. Maintain the moisture content of

the structural fill materials to within 3% of the optimum moisture content until permanently

covered.

C. Remove and replace, or scarify and air dry, soil material that is too wet to permit

compaction to required density.

1. Stockpile or spread soil material that has been removed because it is too wet to

permit compaction. Assist drying by discing, harrowing, or pulverizing until

moisture content is reduced to a satisfactory value.

2. Work wet materials as directed by the Owner’s Geotechnical Engineer. Base bids on

working material daily for a maximum of five days of acceptable weather.

3. No additional payment will be made for these operations.



1.26 COMPACTION OF SOIL BACKFILL AND FILLS

A. Place backfill and fill materials in layers not more than 8 inches in loose depth for material

compacted by heavy compaction equipment, and not more than 4 inches in loose depth for

material compacted by hand-operated tampers.

B. Before compaction, moisten or aerate each layer as necessary to provide optimum moisture

content. Compact each layer to required percentage of maximum dry density or relative dry

density for each area classification. Do not place backfill or fill material on surfaces that

are muddy, frozen, or contain frost or ice.

C. Control soil and fill compaction, providing minimum percentage of density indicated for

each area classification indicated below. Correct improperly compacted areas or lifts as

directed by Architect if soil density tests indicate inadequate compaction.

D. Percentage of Maximum Density Requirements: Compact soil to not less than the following

percentages of maximum density at a moisture content within 3% of optimum in

accordance with ASTM D698:

1. Under structures, building pad and pavements, compact each layer of backfill or fill

material at 95 percent maximum density. This includes ground under future

expansion areas.

2. Under grass or unpaved areas, compact each layer of backfill or fill material at 90

percent maximum density.

E. Seal all fill areas at the end of each working day, utilizing a smooth drum roller.

1.27 GRADING

A. General: Rough grading of areas within the Project, including cut and fill sections and

adjacent transition areas, shall be reasonably smooth, compacted and free from irregular

surface changes. The degree of finish shall be that ordinarily obtainable from either blade-

grader or motor patrol except as otherwise indicated. The finished subgrade surface from

the grassed areas generally shall be not more than 0.2 feet above or below the final grade or

approved cross section, with due allowance for topsoil.

B. The tolerance for areas within 10 feet of building perimeter, walks and all areas to be paved

shall not exceed 0.10 feet above or below the established subgrade. Finish all ditches,

swales and gutters to drain readily. Unless otherwise indicated, evenly slope the subgrade

to provide drainage away from building walls in all directions at a grade not less than ¼

inch per foot. Provide rounding at top and bottom of cut and fill slopes and at other breaks

in grade.

C. Protection of Graded Areas: Protect newly graded areas and areas of cut, fill and

design/subgrade elevations from the actions of the elements and from deterioration as a

result of construction operations and weather conditions (frost, rains, snow, sleet, hail,

etc.). Repair any settlement or washing that occurs prior to or after acceptance of the work.

Fill to required subgrade levels any areas where settlement occurs. Protect trees to remain,



and, at all areas of the Site where construction operations are in progress, provide

protection for the safety of occupants of the existing facilities.

D. General: Uniformly grade areas to a smooth surface, free of irregular surface changes.

Comply with compaction requirements and grade to cross sections, lines, and elevations

indicated.

1. Provide a smooth transition between adjacent existing grades and new grades.

2. Cut out soft spots, fill low spots, and trim high spots to comply with required surface

tolerances.

E. Site Grading: Slope grades to direct water away from buildings and to prevent ponding.

Finish subgrades to required elevations within the following tolerances:

1. Lawn or Unpaved Areas: Plus or minus 1 inch.

2. Walks: Plus or minus ½ inch.

3. Pavements: Plus or minus ½ inch.

F. Grading inside Building Lines: Finish subgrade to a tolerance of 1/2 inch when tested with

a 10-foot straightedge.

1.28 PAVEMENT SUBBASE COURSE:

A. General: Place subbase material, in layers of indicated thickness, over subgrade surface to

support a pavement base course.

B. Grade Control: During construction, maintain lines and grades including crown and cross-

slope of subbase course.

C. Shoulders: Place shoulders along edges of subbase course to prevent lateral movement.

Construct shoulders of acceptable soil materials, placed in such quantity to compact to

thickness of each subbase course layer. Compact and roll at least at 12” width of shoulder

simultaneously with compacting and rolling each layer of subbase course.

D. Placing: Place subbase course material on prepared subgrade in layers of uniform

thickness, conforming to indicated cross-section and thickness. Maintain optimum

moisture content for compacting subbase material during placement operations.

E. When a compacted subbase course is 6” thick or less, place material in a single layer. When

more than 6” thick, place material in equal layers, except no single layer more than 6” or

less than 3” in thickness when compacted.

F. Place subbase and base course on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.

G. On prepared subgrade, place subbase and base course under pavements and walks as

follows:



1. Install separation geotextile on prepared subgrade according to manufacturer's

written instructions, overlapping sides and ends.

2. Place base course material over subbase course under hot-mix asphalt pavement.

3. Shape subbase and base course to required crown elevations and cross-slope grades.

4. Place subbase and base course 6 inches or less in compacted thickness in a single

layer.

5. Place subbase and base course that exceeds 6 inches in compacted thickness in layers

of equal thickness, with no compacted layer more than 6 inches thick or less than 3

inches thick.

6. Compact subbase and base course at optimum moisture content to required grades,

lines, cross sections, and thickness to not less than 95 percent of maximum dry unit

weight according to ASTM D 698.

H. Pavement Shoulders: Place shoulders along edges of subbase and base course to prevent

lateral movement. Construct shoulders, at least 12 inches wide, of satisfactory soil

materials and compact simultaneously with each subbase and base layer to not less than 95

percent of maximum dry unit weight according to ASTM D 698.

1.29 BUILDING SLAB DRAINAGE COURSE

A. General: Place drainage/porous fill material, over subgrade surface to support concrete

building slabs and sidewalks areas indicated.

B. Place drainage course on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.

C. Placing: Place drainage/porous fill material on prepared subgrade in layers of uniform

thickness, conforming to indicated cross-section and thickness. Maintain optimum

moisture content for compacting material during placement operations.

D. When a compacted drainage course is indicated to be 6 inches thick or less, place material

in a single layer. When indicated to be more than 6 inches thick, place material in equal

layers, except no single layer more than 6 inches or less than 3 inches in thickness when

compacted.


A. Quality Control Testing During Construction: Allow testing service to inspect and approve

each subgrade and fill layer before further backfill or construction work is performed.

1. If in the opinion of the Architect, based on testing service reports and inspection,

subgrade or fills have been placed that are below required density, perform

additional compaction and testing until required density is obtained.



B. The Owner will engage, and pay for, the services of a Geotechnical Engineer whose

function shall be to afford complete engineering control by testing of the conditions of all

footing subgrades, the placement of all structural fills under structures, building pad and

pavement areas, and all compaction where required, and to observe the proof rolling of the

building pad and pavement areas.

C. The Owner’s Geotechnical Engineer will be present as deemed necessary during all phases

of the Work requiring filling, compaction operations or testing. The Geotechnical Engineer

will provide the Architect with written certification that fill and compaction was completed

with accepted materials in accordance with the Documents, and give a professional opinion

regarding shrinkage or settlement of fill and safe load bearing capacity of fill.

D. Site Preparation and Proofrolling: The Owner’s Geotechnical Engineer will determine if

any additional excavation or in-place densification is necessary to prepare a subgrade for

fill placement for slab or pavement support.

E. Fill Placement and Compaction: The Owner’s Geotechnical Engineer will witness all fill

operations and take sufficient in-place density tests to verify that the indicated degree of fill

compaction is achieved. The Owner’s Geotechnical Engineer will observe and approve

borrow materials used and shall determine if their existing moisture contents are

suitable/acceptable.

F. Footing Excavation Review: The Owner’s Geotechnical Engineer will review the footing

excavations for the building foundations. He will verify that the design bearing pressures

are available and that no loose or soft areas exist beneath the bearing surfaces of the footing

excavations.

G. The Owner’s Geotechnical Engineer will submit two (2) copies each of his reports,

recommendations and/or opinions to the Architect/Engineer and the Owner. Pertinent

information will be provided to the Contractor as required.

1.31 EROSION CONTROL:

A. Provide erosion control methods in accordance with requirements of authorities having

jurisdiction, the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook, and as indicated in the

Contract Documents.

1.32 PROTECTION

A. Repair and reestablish grades in settled, eroded, and rutted areas to indicated tolerances.

B. Reconditioning Compacted Areas: Where subsequent construction operations or adverse

weather disturbs completed compacted areas, scarify surface, reshape, and compact to

required density prior to further construction.

C. Settling: Where settling is measurable or observable at excavated areas during general

project warranty period, remove surface (pavement, lawn, or other finish), add backfill

material, compact, and replace surface treatment. Restore appearance, quality, and



condition of surface or finish to match adjacent work, and eliminate evidence of restoration

to greatest extent possible.

D. Protect excavation bottoms against freezing when atmospheric temperature is less than 35

degrees F.

1.33 DISPOSAL OF WASTE MATERIALS

A. Removal from Owner's Property: Remove waste materials, including trash and debris, and

dispose of it off Owner's property in a legal manner.

B. Dispose of materials not acceptable for use as backfill or fill legally offsite.

C. Do not remove topsoil from site until it has been demonstrated to the Owner’s satisfaction

that it is excess.

D. Disposal of waste materials will be at the Contractor’s expense and will not be grounds for

requesting additional compensation.



EARTH WORKS FOR BUILDINGS 312100 - 1

SECTION 312100 - EARTH WORKS FOR BUILDINGS

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY


1. Excavating and backfilling for buildings and structures.2. Drainage course for concrete slabs-on-grade.

1.2 DEFINITIONS

A. Backfill: Soil material used to fill an excavation.

1. Initial Backfill: Backfill placed beside and over pipe in a trench, including haunches to support sides of pipe.

2. Final Backfill: Backfill placed over initial backfill to fill a trench.

B. Borrow Soil: Satisfactory soil imported from off-site for use as fill or backfill.

C. Excavation: Removal of material encountered above subgrade elevations and to lines and dimensions indicated.

1. Authorized Additional Excavation: Excavation below subgrade elevations or beyond indicated lines and dimensions as directed by Architect. Authorized additional excavation and replacement material will be paid for according to Contract provisions for changes in the Work.

2. Unauthorized Excavation: Excavation below subgrade elevations or beyond indicated lines and dimensions without direction by Architect. Unauthorized excavation, as well as remedial work directed by Architect, shall be without additional compensation.

D. Fill: Soil materials used to raise existing grades.

E. Structures: Buildings, footings, foundations, retaining walls, slabs, tanks, curbs, mechanical and electrical appurtenances, or other man-made stationary features constructed above or below the ground surface.

F. Subgrade: Uppermost surface of an excavation or the top surface of a fill or backfill immediately below subbase, drainage fill, drainage course, or topsoil materials.

1.3 PREINSTALLATION MEETINGS

A. Preinstallation Conference: Conduct preexcavation conference at Project site.


A. Material test reports.



1.5 FIELD CONDITIONS

A. Utility Locator Service: Notify utility locator service for area where Project is located before beginning earth-moving operations.

1.6 SOIL MATERIALS

A. General: Provide borrow soil materials when sufficient satisfactory soil materials are not available from excavations.

B. Satisfactory Soils: Soil Classification Groups GW, GP, GM, SW, SP, and SM according to ASTM D 2487, or a combination of these groups; free of rock or gravel larger than 3 inches (75 mm) in any dimension, debris, waste, frozen materials, vegetation, and other deleterious matter.

C. Unsatisfactory Soils: Soil Classification Groups GC, SC, CL, ML, OL, CH, MH, OH, and PT according to ASTM D 2487, or a combination of these groups.

1. Unsatisfactory soils also include satisfactory soils not maintained within 2 percent of optimum moisture content at time of compaction.

D. Engineered Fill: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 2940/D 2940M; with at least 90 percent passing a 1-1/2-inch (37.5-mm) sieve and not more than 12 percent passing a No. 200 (0.075-mm) sieve.

1.7 ACCESSORIES

A. Warning Tape: Acid- and alkali-resistant, polyethylene film warning tape manufactured for marking and identifying underground utilities, 6 inches (150 mm) wide and 4 mils (0.1 mm) thick, continuously inscribed with a description of the utility; colored to comply with local practice or requirements of authorities having jurisdiction.

B. Detectable Warning Tape: Acid- and alkali-resistant, polyethylene film warning tape manufactured for marking and identifying underground utilities, a minimum of 6 inches (150 mm) wide and 4 mils (0.1 mm) thick, continuously inscribed with a description of the utility, with metallic core encased in a protective jacket for corrosion protection, detectable by metal detector when tape is buried up to 30 inches (750 mm) deep; colored to comply with local practice or requirements of authorities having jurisdiction.

PART 2 - EXECUTION

2.1 PREPARATION

A. Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other facilities from damage caused by settlement, lateral movement, undermining, washout, and other hazards created by earth-moving operations.

B. Protect and maintain erosion and sedimentation controls during earth-moving operations.

C. Protect subgrades and foundation soils from freezing temperatures and frost. Remove temporary protection before placing subsequent materials.



2.2 EXCAVATION, GENERAL

A. Unclassified Excavation: Excavate to subgrade elevations regardless of the character of surface and subsurface conditions encountered. Unclassified excavated materials may include rock, soil materials, and obstructions. No changes in the Contract Sum or the Contract Time will be authorized for rock excavation or removal of obstructions.

1. If excavated materials intended for fill and backfill include unsatisfactory soil materials and rock, replace with satisfactory soil materials.

2.3 EXCAVATION FOR STRUCTURES

A. Excavate to indicated elevations and dimensions within a tolerance of plus or minus 1 inch (25 mm). If applicable, extend excavations a sufficient distance from structures for placing and removing concrete formwork, for installing services and other construction, and for inspections.

1. Excavations for Footings and Foundations: Do not disturb bottom of excavation. Excavate by hand to final grade just before placing concrete reinforcement. Trim bottoms to required lines and grades to leave solid base to receive other work.

2.4 SUBGRADE INSPECTION

A. Proof-roll subgrade below the building slabs with a pneumatic-tired dump truck to identify soft pockets and areas of excess yielding. Do not proof-roll wet or saturated subgrades.

B. Reconstruct subgrades damaged by freezing temperatures, frost, rain, accumulated water, or construction activities, as directed by Architect, without additional compensation.

2.5 UNAUTHORIZED EXCAVATION

A. Fill unauthorized excavation under foundations or wall footings by extending bottom elevation of concrete foundation or footing to excavation bottom, without altering top elevation. Lean concrete fill, with 28-day compressive strength of 2500 psi (17.2 MPa), may be used when approved by Architect.

1. Fill unauthorized excavations under other construction, pipe, or conduit as directed by Architect.

2.6 STORAGE OF SOIL MATERIALS

A. Stockpile borrow soil materials and excavated satisfactory soil materials without intermixing. Place, grade, and shape stockpiles to drain surface water. Cover to prevent windblown dust.

1. Stockpile soil materials away from edge of excavations. Do not store within drip line of remaining trees.

2.7 SOIL FILL

A. Plow, scarify, bench, or break up sloped surfaces steeper than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal so fill material will bond with existing material.

B. Place and compact fill material in layers to required elevations as follows:



1. Under building slabs, use engineered fill.2. Under footings and foundations, use engineered fill.

2.8 SOIL MOISTURE CONTROL

A. Uniformly moisten or aerate subgrade and each subsequent fill or backfill soil layer before compaction to within 2 percent of optimum moisture content.

1. Do not place backfill or fill soil material on surfaces that are muddy, frozen, or contain frost or ice.

2. Remove and replace, or scarify and air dry, otherwise satisfactory soil material that exceeds optimum moisture content by 2 percent and is too wet to compact to specified dry unit weight.

2.9 COMPACTION OF SOIL BACKFILLS AND FILLS

A. Place backfill and fill soil materials in layers not more than 8 inches (200 mm) in loose depth for material compacted by heavy compaction equipment and not more than 4 inches (100 mm) in loose depth for material compacted by hand-operated tampers.

B. Place backfill and fill soil materials evenly on all sides of structures to required elevations and uniformly along the full length of each structure.

C. Compact soil materials to not less than the following percentages of maximum dry unit weight according to ASTM D 698:

1. Under structures, building slabs, scarify and recompact top 12 inches (300 mm) of existing subgrade and each layer of backfill or fill soil material at 95 percent.

2.10 GRADING

A. General: Uniformly grade areas to a smooth surface, free of irregular surface changes. Comply with compaction requirements and grade to cross sections, lines, and elevations indicated.

B. Grading inside Building Lines: Finish subgrade to a tolerance of 1/2 inch (13 mm) when tested with a 10-foot (3-m) straightedge.

2.11 DRAINAGE COURSE UNDER CONCRETE SLABS-ON-GRADE

A. Place drainage course on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.

B. On prepared subgrade, place and compact drainage course under cast-in-place concrete slabs-on-grade as follows:

1. Place drainage course that exceeds 6 inches (150 mm) in compacted thickness in layers of equal thickness, with no compacted layer more than 6 inches (150 mm) thick or less than 3 inches (75 mm) thick.

2. Compact each layer of drainage course to required cross sections and thicknesses to not less than 95 percent of maximum dry unit weight according to ASTM D 698.




A. Special Inspections: Owner will engage a qualified special inspector to perform inspections:

B. Testing Agency: Owner will engage a qualified geotechnical engineering testing agency to perform tests and inspections.

C. Allow testing agency to inspect and test subgrades and each fill or backfill layer. Proceed with subsequent earth moving only after test results for previously completed work comply with requirements.

D. Footing Subgrade: At footing subgrades, at least one test of each soil stratum will be performed to verify design bearing capacities. Subsequent verification and approval of other footing subgrades may be based on a visual comparison of subgrade with tested subgrade when approved by Architect.

E. When testing agency reports that subgrades, fills, or backfills have not achieved degree of compaction specified, scarify and moisten or aerate, or remove and replace soil materials to depth required; recompact and retest until specified compaction is obtained.

2.13 PROTECTION

A. Protecting Graded Areas: Protect newly graded areas from traffic, freezing, and erosion. Keep free of trash and debris.

B. Repair and reestablish grades to specified tolerances where completed or partially completed surfaces become eroded, rutted, settled, or where they lose compaction due to subsequent construction operations or weather conditions.

C. Where settling occurs before Project correction period elapses, remove finished surfacing, backfill with additional soil material, compact, and reconstruct surfacing.

1. Restore appearance, quality, and condition of finished surfacing to match adjacent work, and eliminate evidence of restoration to greatest extent possible.

2.14 DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS AND WASTE MATERIALS

A. Remove surplus satisfactory soil and waste materials, including unsatisfactory soil, trash, and debris, and legally dispose of them off Owner's property.



EROSION CONTROL 312200 - 1

SECTION 312200 - EROSION CONTROL

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS:

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary

Conditions and other Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

B. The Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook, latest edition.

1.2 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes the installation, maintenance and removal of erosion control measures

required for prevention of sediment leaving the project site.

B. This Section also includes the requirement to file the Virginia Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System (VPDES) General Permit Registration Statement for Storm Water

Discharges from Construction Activities with the Virginia Department of Environmental

Quality.

1.3 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PERMIT

A. Prior to commencement of work, obtain a copy of the approved Erosion and Sediment

Control Plan from the Albemarle County Engineering Department.

B. Apply for the Land Disturbance Permit from the Albemarle County Engineering

Department.

C. Post Erosion and Sediment Control Bond with the Albemarle County Engineering

Department.

D. Schedule a pre-construction conference on-site with the Architect and Albemarle County

Inspector. Hold this meeting prior to the start of any construction activities.

1.4 VSMP REGISTRATION

A. During construction, the following requirements shall be met:

1. A copy of the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPP) shall be kept at the job

site at all times.

2. Amend the SWPP as necessary to account for significant changes in design,

construction or maintenance that would increase the pollution potential of the site.

File a copy of the amended plan with DEQ and with the Architect.



3. The Responsible Land Disturber shall perform weekly inspections of the erosion and

sediment control measures. Inspection reports shall be filed as an appendix to the

SWPP. Copy these reports to the Architect and the Owners Representative.

B. Following final acceptance of the site by the Owner and sign off by the Albemarle County

Environmental Inspector, file a Notice of Termination with the Virginia Department of

Environmental Quality.

1.5 Submittals

A. Responsible Land Disturber registration information.

B. A copy of the VPDES registration application and a copy of the Stormwater Pollution Plan.

C. Copies of the weekly Erosion Control Measure inspection reports. These may be submitted

at the monthly progress meetings.

D. Manufacturer’s data sheets for Silt Fence.

E. Manufacturer’s data sheets for Safety Fence.

1.6 PAYMENT PROCEDURES FOR EROSION CONTROL MEASURES

A. Establish a line item in the Schedule of Values for Erosion Control Maintenance. This line

item shall represent a minimum of thirty percent (30%) of the total value of the erosion

control for the project.

B. Erosion control maintenance will be paid on a monthly basis, following the satisfactory

installation and maintenance of the erosion control measures.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

1.7 EROSION CONTROL PRODUCTS:

A. Safety Fence

1. Six foot high chain link fence, complying with the requirements of Standard and

Specification 3.01 of the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook.

2. Post appropriate warning signs along the Safety Fence.

B. Construction Entrance

1. Heavy-duty stone aggregate and filter fabric construction entrance, complying with

the requirements of Standard and Specification 3.02 of the Virginia Erosion and

Sediment Control Handbook.

2. Reinforced concrete wash-rack, draining to a sediment trap.



3. The water source for washing operations shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.

C. Silt Fence

1. Synthetic filter fabric, complying with the requirements of Standard and


2. Wooden stakes shall be 2” oak, a minimum length of five feet.

D. Storm Drain Inlet Protection

1. Block and Gravel Drop Inlet Sediment Filter, complying with the requirements of

Standard and Specification 3.07 of the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control

Handbook.

2. Block and Gravel Curb Inlet Sediment Filter complying with the requirements of


Handbook.

E. Culvert Inlet Protection

1. Silt Fence Culvert Inlet Protection complying with the requirements of Standard and


F. Outlet Protection

1. A level area of riprap, placed over filter fabric, complying with the requirements of


Handbook.

G. Riprap

1. Graded stone, placed over filter fabric, complying with the requirements of Standard

and Specification 3.19 of the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook.

2. The size of the stone required is indicated on the drawings.

H. Dewatering Structure

1. A temporary filtering device used for dewatering operations, complying with the

requirements of Standard and Specification 3.26 of the Virginia Erosion and

Sediment Control Handbook.

I. Temporary Seeding

1. Temporary vegetative cover for disturbed areas, complying with the requirements of


Handbook.

J. Permanent Seeding

1. Refer to Section 329200 “Lawns and Grasses” for permanent seeding requirements.



K. Dust Control

1. Reducing surface and air movement of dust during land disturbing, demolition and

construction activities, complying with the requirements of Standard and


PART 3 - EXECUTION

1.8 INSTALLATION OF EROSION CONTROL MEASURES

A. Install all erosion and sediment control measures per the requirements of the Virginia

Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook.

B. Protect all points of construction ingress and egress to the site to prevent tracking of mud

onto public streets. Provide temporary construction entrances at all points of access to the

site.

C. Clear only those areas necessary for installation of the perimeter erosion control measures.

The balance of the site shall not be cleared or otherwise disturbed until the perimeter

erosion control measures are installed, functional and approved by the Albemarle County

Inspector.

D. Follow the construction sequence and install erosion control measures as indicated on the

Drawings and as directed by the Albemarle County Inspector.

E. Install additional measures as necessary to prevent sediment from leaving the project site.

1.9 MAINTENANCE OF EROSION CONTROL MEASURES

A. Maintain all erosion and sediment control measures per the requirements of the Virginia

Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook.

B. At a minimum, the following maintenance is required:

1. Safety Fence

a. Review fence regularly for damage. Repair any damage immediately.

b. Secure the fence at the end of each working day. Repair or replace all locking

devices as necessary.

2. Construction Entrance

a. Wash and rework stone and/or place additional stone as required to prevent

tracking of mud onto the roadways.

b. Clean out the sediment-trapping device for the washrack.



c. Remove all materials spilled, dropped, washed or otherwise tracked onto

roadways or into storm sewers immediately. Do not use water trucks to wash

the roadways.

3. Silt Fence

a. Inspect immediately following each rainfall and at least daily during prolonged

rainfall.

b. Make any required repairs immediately. Give special attention to damage

resulting from end-runs and undercutting.

c. Replace fabric that is decomposing or is otherwise ineffective.

d. Clean out accumulated sediment following every storm event. Do not allow

sediment to accumulate higher than one-half the height of the barrier.

4. Storm Drain Inlet Protection


rainfall.

b. Remove and clean or replace stone filters that have been clogged with

sediment. Make any required repairs immediately

c. Remove accumulated sediment as required. Do not allow sediment to

accumulate higher than one-half the height of the measure.

5. Culvert Inlet Protection


rainfall.

b. Remove and clean or replace stone filters that have been clogged with

sediment. Make any required repairs immediately

c. Remove accumulated sediment as required. Do not allow sediment to

accumulate higher than one-half the height of the measure.

6. Outlet Protection

a. Inspect outlet protection following every storm event. Re-lay riprap as

necessary to prevent concentrated flow from running across the outlet

protection.

7. Riprap

a. Inspect riprap following every storm event. Re-lay riprap as necessary to

prevent concentrated flow from running under or around the riprap.

b. Clean out accumulated sediment from the riprap.



8. Dewatering Structure

a. Repair or replace the filtering media to prevent sediment accumulation from

affecting the filtering capacity of the structure.

9. Temporary Seeding

a. Re-seed and mulch areas where cover is inadequate to protect against erosion

until adequate cover is obtained.

C. Remove accumulated sediment as required and at appropriate intervals to maintain the

effective function of all erosion control measures.

D. Inspect, repair and remove accumulated sediment from erosion control measures following

significant (greater than ½”) rainfall events.

E. If erosion control measures become clogged, causing the impoundment of water, restore the

measures immediately. Ponded water poses a potential drowning hazard and shall be

relieved immediately by either pumping (through an approved dewatering structure) or by

removal of the blockage.

1.10 REMOVAL OF EROSION CONTROL MEASURES

A. Remove all temporary erosion control measures following the stabilization of the site. Do

not remove erosion control measures until authorized by the Albemarle County Inspector.

B. Topsoil, permanently seed and stabilize areas occupied by erosion control measures.



TERMITE CONTROL 313116 - 1

SECTION 313116 - TERMITE CONTROL

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY


1. Soil treatment.

1.2 PREINSTALLATION MEETINGS

A. Pre-installation Conference: Conduct conference at Project site.

1.3 ACTION SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For each type of product. Include the EPA-Registered Label for termiticide products.


A. Product certificates.

B. Soil Treatment Application Report: Include the following:

1. Date and time of application.2. Moisture content of soil before application.3. Termiticide brand name and manufacturer.4. Quantity of undiluted termiticide used.5. Dilutions, methods, volumes used, and rates of application.6. Areas of application.

C. Sample Warranties: For special warranties.

1.5 WARRANTY

A. Soil Treatment Special Warranty: Manufacturer's standard form, signed by Applicator and Contractor, certifying that termite control work consisting of applied soil termiticide treatment will prevent infestation of subterranean termites[ including Formosan termites (Coptotermes formosanus). If subterranean termite activity or damage is discovered during warranty period, re-treat soil and repair or replace damage caused by termite infestation.

1. Warranty Period: Five years from date of Substantial Completion.



B. Soil Treatment Service Agreement: Provide cost proposal for the Owner’s consideration for a yearly termite warranty service agreement.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 SOIL TREATMENT

A. Termiticide: EPA-Registered termiticide acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction, in an aqueous solution formulated to prevent termite infestation.

1. Service Life of Treatment: Soil treatment termiticide that is effective for not less than five years against infestation of subterranean termites.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

A. Remove extraneous sources of wood cellulose and other edible materials, such as wood debris, tree stumps and roots, stakes, formwork, and construction waste wood from soil within and around foundations.

B. Soil Treatment Preparation: Remove foreign matter and impermeable soil materials that could decrease treatment effectiveness on areas to be treated.

3.2 APPLYING SOIL TREATMENT

A. Application: Mix soil treatment termiticide solution to a uniform consistency. Distribute treatment uniformly. Apply treatment at the product's EPA-Registered Label volume and rate for maximum specified concentration of termiticide to the following so that a continuous horizontal and vertical termiticidal barrier or treated zone is established around and under building construction.

1. Slabs-on-Grade: Under ground-supported slab construction, including footings, building slabs, and attached slabs as an overall treatment. Treat soil materials before concrete footings and slabs are placed.

2. Foundations: Soil adjacent to and along the entire inside perimeter of foundation walls; along both sides of interior partition walls; around plumbing pipes and electric conduit penetrating the slab; around interior column footers, piers, and chimney bases; and along the entire outside perimeter, from grade to bottom of footing.

3. Masonry: Treat voids.4. Penetrations: At expansion joints, control joints, and areas where slabs and below-grade

walls will be penetrated.

B. Post warning signs in areas of application.

C. Reapply soil treatment solution to areas disturbed by subsequent excavation, grading, landscaping, or other construction activities following application.


SITE CONCRETE 321313 - 1

SECTION 321313 - SITE CONCRETE

PART 1 - GENERAL




1.2 DESCRIPTION OF WORK:

A. Extent of Portland cement concrete paving is shown on drawings, including:

1. Curbs and gutters

2. Walkways

3. Service area pavement.

1.3 SUBMITTALS

A. Provide certification that all materials meet VDOT standards for the class of concrete

required.

1.4 JOB CONDITIONS

A. Traffic Control: Maintain access for vehicular and pedestrian traffic as required for other

construction activities.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS

A. Forms: Steel, wood, or other suitable material of size and strength to resist movement

during concrete placement and to retain horizontal and vertical alignment until removal.

Use straight forms, free of distortion and defects.

1. Use flexible spring steel forms or laminated boards to form radius bends as required.

2. Coat forms with a nonstaining form release agent that will not discolor or deface

surface of concrete.

B. Welded Wire Mesh: Welded plain cold-drawn steel wire fabric, ASTM A 185.



C. Reinforcing Steel: ASTM A 615, Grade 60, deformed

D. Concrete Materials: Comply with requirements of applicable Division 3 sections for

concrete materials, admixtures, bonding materials, curing materials, and others as required.

E. Expansion Joint Materials: Comply with requirements of applicable Division 7 sections for

preformed expansion joint fillers and sealers.

F. Antispalling Compound: Combination of boiled linseed oil and mineral spirits, complying

with AASHTO M-233.

G. Liquid-Membrane Forming and Sealing Curing Compound: Comply with VDOT Road and

Bridge Specifications.

2.2 CONCRETE MIX, DESIGN, AND TESTING

A. Comply with requirements of applicable Division 3 sections for concrete mix design,

sampling and testing, and quality control or VDOT Road and Bridge Specifications

whichever is more stringent.

B. Design mix to produce normal-weight concrete consisting of Portland cement, aggregate,

water-reducing or high-range water-reducing admixture (superplasticizer), air-entraining

admixture, and water to produce the following properties:

1. Comply with the requirements of VDOT Std. Class A3 Concrete, unless otherwise

indicated.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 SURFACE PREPARATION

A. Remove loose material from compacted subbase surface immediately before placing

concrete.

B. Proof-roll prepared subbase surface to check for unstable areas and need for additional

compaction. Do not begin paving work until such conditions have been corrected and are

ready to receive paving,

3.2 FORM CONSTRUCTION

A. Set forms to required grades and lines, braced and secured. Install forms to allow

continuous progress of work and so that forms can remain in place at least 24 hours after

concrete placement.

B. Check completed formwork for grade and alignment to following tolerances:

1. Top of forms not more than 1/8 inch in 10 feet.



2. Vertical face on longitudinal axis, not more than 1/4 inches in 10 feet.

C. Clean forms after each use and coat with form release agent as required to ensure

separation from concrete without damage.

3.3 REINFORCEMENT

A. Locate, place and support reinforcement as specified in Division 3 sections, unless

otherwise indicated.

3.4 CONCRETE PLACEMENT

A. General: Comply with requirements of applicable Division 3 sections for mixing and

placing concrete or VDOT Road and Bridge Specifications whichever is more stringent.

B. Do not place concrete until subbase and forms have been checked for line and grade.

Moisten subbase if required to provide a uniform dampened condition at time concrete is

placed. Do not place concrete around manholes or other structures until they are at

required finish elevation and alignment.

C. Place concrete by methods that prevent segregation of mix. Consolidate concrete along face

of forms and adjacent to transverse joints with internal vibrator. Keep vibrator away from

joint assemblies, reinforcement, or side forms. Use only square-faced shovels for hand

spreading and consolidation. Consolidate with care to prevent dislocation of reinforcing,

dowels, and joint devices.

D. Deposit and spread concrete in a continuous operation between transverse joints as far as

possible. If interrupted for more than 1/2 hour, place a construction joint.

E. Fabricated Bar Mats: Keep mats clean and free from excessive rust, and handle units to

keep them flat and free of distortions. Straighten bends, kinks, and other irregularities or

replace units as required before placement. Set mats for a minimum 2-inch overlap to

adjacent mats.

F. Place concrete in 2 operations; strike off initial pour for entire width of placement and to

the required depth below finish surface. Lay fabricated bar mats immediately in final

position. Place top layer of concrete, strike off, and screed.

G. Remove and replace portions of bottom layer of concrete that have been placed more than

15 minutes without being covered by top layer or use bonding agent if acceptable to

Architect.

H. Curbs and Gutters: Automatic machine may be used for curb and gutter placement. If

machine placement is to be used, submit revised mix design and laboratory test results that

meet or exceed minimums indicated. Machine placement must produce curbs and gutters

to required cross-section, lines, grades, finish, and jointing as indicated for formed

concrete. If results are not acceptable, remove and replace with formed concrete meeting

requirements.



3.5 JOINTS

A. General: Construct expansion, weakened-plane (contraction), and construction joints true

to line with face perpendicular to surface of concrete. Construct transverse joints at right

angles to the centerline, unless otherwise indicated.

B. Weakened-Plane (Contraction) Joints: Provide weakened-plane (contraction) joints,

sectioning concrete into areas as shown on drawings. Construct weakened-plane joints for

a depth equal to at least 1/4 concrete thickness, as follows:

1. Tooled Joints: Form weakened-plane joints in fresh concrete by grooving top

portion with a recommended cutting tool and finishing edges with a jointer.

2. Sawed Joints: Form weakened-plane joints with powered saws equipped with

shatterproof abrasive or diamond-rimmed blades. Cut joints into hardened concrete

as soon as surface will not be torn, abraded, or otherwise damaged by cutting action.

3. Inserts: Use embedded strips of metal or sealed wood to form weakened-plane

joints. Set strips into plastic concrete and carefully remove strips after concrete has

hardened.

C. Construction Joints: Place construction joints at end of placements and at locations where

placement operations are stopped for more than 1/2 hour, except where such placements

terminate at expansion joints.

1. Construct joints as indicated or, if not indicated, use standard metal keyway-section

forms.

D. Expansion Joints: Provide premolded joint filler for expansion joints abutting concrete

curbs, catch basins, manholes, inlets, structures, walks, and other fixed objects, unless

otherwise indicated.

E. Locate expansion joints at 50 feet o.c. for each pavement lane unless otherwise indicated.

F. Extend joint fillers full width and depth of joint, not less than 1/2 inch or more than 1 inch

below finished surface where joint sealer is indicated. If no joint sealer, place top of joint

filler flush with finished concrete surface.

G. Provide joint fillers in one-piece lengths for full width being placed wherever possible.

Where more than one length is required, lace or clip joint filler sections together.

H. Protect top edge of joint filler during concrete placement with a metal cap or other

temporary material. Remove protection after concrete has been placed on both sides of

joint.

I. Fillers and Sealants: Comply with requirements of applicable Division 7 sections for

preparation of joints, materials, installation, and performance.



3.6 CONCRETE FINISHING

A. After striking-off and consolidating concrete, smooth surface by screeding and floating.

Use hand methods only where mechanical floating is not possible. Adjust floating to

compact surface and produce uniform texture.

B. After floating, test surface for trueness with a 10-ft. straightedge. Distribute concrete as

required to remove surface irregularities, and refloat repaired areas to provide a continuous

smooth finish.

C. Work edges of slabs, gutters, back top edge of curb, and formed joints with an edging tool,

and round to 1/2-inch radius, unless otherwise indicated. Eliminate tool marks on concrete

surface.

D. After completion of floating and when excess moisture or surface sheen has disappeared,

complete troweling and finish surface as follows:

1. Broom finish by drawing a fine-hair broom across concrete surface perpendicular to

line of traffic. Repeat operation if required to provide a fine line texture acceptable

to Architect.

2. Exposed-Aggregate Finish: At handicap ramps and where indicated on drawings, by

applying an approved retardant curing compound to the surface. Allow minimum 12

hours of setting time before washing surface to expose a maximum of (1/3) one-third

of stone surface. Aggregate shall be brown Riverstone having a uniform size and

color for each subsequent concrete pour. Aggregate size shall range between 1/2”

and 3/4”.

E. Do not remove forms for 24 hours after concrete has been placed. After form removal,

clean ends of joints and point-up any minor honeycombed areas. Remove and replace areas

or sections with major defects, as directed by Architect.

3.7 CURING

A. Protect and cure finished concrete paving in compliance with applicable requirements of

Division 3 sections. Use membrane-forming curing and sealing compound or approved

moist-curing methods.

3.8 REPAIRS AND PROTECTIONS

A. Repair or replace cracked, broken or defective concrete curbs and curb and gutter, as

directed by Architect.

B. Replace cracked, broken or defective concrete sidewalks.

C. Repair or replace cracked, broken or defective concrete pavement, as directed by Architect.



D. Drill test cores where directed by Architect when necessary to determine magnitude of

cracks or defective areas. Fill drilled core holes in satisfactory pavement areas with

Portland cement concrete bonded to pavement with epoxy adhesive.

E. Protect concrete from damage until acceptance of work. Exclude traffic from pavement for

at least 14 days after placement. When construction traffic is permitted, maintain pavement

as clean as possible by removing surface stains and spillage of materials as they occur.

F. Sweep concrete pavement and wash free of stains, discolorations, dirt, and other foreign

material just before final inspection.



LAWNS AND GRASSES 329200 - 1

SECTION 329200 - LAWNS AND GRASSES

PART 1 - GENERAL


A. The provisions of the Contract Documents apply to the work of this Section.

1.2 SUMMARY


1. Fine grading and preparing lawn areas (including courtyards)

2. Topsoil Placement

3. Fertilizers

4. Seeding lawns

5. Lawn Restoration

1.3 DEFINITIONS

A. Finish Grade: Elevation of finished surface of planting soil.

B. Topsoil: Acceptable topsoil is reasonably free of subsoil, clay lumps, stones, objects over

1 inch in diameter, and weeds, roots, and other objectionable material. ASTM D 5268, pH

range of 5.5 to 7.4. Four percent organic material minimum. In addition, the topsoil in

athletic fields shall be free of objects larger than ½” in diameter.

C. Lawns: All areas disturbed by construction and not otherwise covered by paving, or other

structures.

1.4 SUBMITTALS

A. Product data for Fertilizers

B. Certification of grass seed from seed vendor for each grass-seed mixture stating the

botanical and common name and percentage by weight of each species and variety, and

percentage of purity, germination, and weed seed. Include the year of production and date

of packaging.

C. Certification by product manufacturer that the following products supplied comply with

requirements:



1. Fertilizers

2. Maintenance schedule, including watering, mowing and fertilizing.


A. Installer Qualifications: Engage an experienced installer, who has successfully completed

lawn establishment projects similar in size and complexity to this project. The installer’s

primary business (defined as a minimum of 60% of total billings) shall be establishment of

lawns.

1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Seed: Deliver seed in original sealed, labeled, and undamaged containers.

1.7 COORDINATION AND SCHEDULING

A. Planting Season: Sow lawn seed during normal planting seasons for type of lawn work

required.

1. Spring Planting Season: March 15 through May 15

2. Fall Planting Season: September 15 through November 15

B. Weather Limitations: Proceed with planting only when existing and forecast weather

conditions are suitable for work.

C. General Lawn Seeding Schedule

1. Refer to the drawings for early seeding requirements for specified lawn areas.

1.8 LIMITS OF SEEDING

A. Spread topsoil and seed all lawn areas.

1.9 LIMITS OF LAWN RENOVATION

A. All existing lawn areas disturbed by construction activities.

1.10 PAYMENT PROCEDURES FOR LAWNS AND GRASSES

A. Establish a line item in the Schedule of Values for Lawn Maintenance. This line item shall

represent a minimum of thirty percent (40%) of the total value of the seeding for the

project.



B. Lawn maintenance will be paid on a monthly basis, following the satisfactory maintenance

of the lawns and athletic fields.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 SEED

A. Grass Seed: Fresh, clean, dry, new-crop seed complying with AOSA's "Journal of Seed

Technology; Rules for Testing Seeds" for purity and germination tolerances.

B. Seed Species

a. Sun and Partial Shade:

Proportion by

Weight

Grass Species Min. %

Germination

Min. %

Pure

Seed

Max. %

Weed

Seed

50% Kentucky bluegrass

(Poa pratensis).

80 85 0.50

30% Chewings red fescue

(Festuca rubra variety).

85 98 0.50

10% Perennial ryegrass

(Lolium perenne).

90 98 0.50

10% Redtop (Agrostis alba). 85 92 1.00

2.

a. Shade:

Proportion by

Weight

Grass Species Min. %

Germination

Min. %

Pure Seed

Max. %

Weed

Seed

50% Chewings red fescue

(Festuca rubra variety).

85 98 0.50

35% rough bluegrass (Poa

trivialis).

90 98 0.50

15% Redtop (Agrostis alba). 85 92 1.00

C. All seed shall be gold tag certified by the Virginia Crop Improvement Association and

Virginia Department of Agriculture.



a)

2.2 TOPSOIL

A. Topsoil: ASTM D 5268, pH range of 5.5 to 7, a minimum of 4 percent organic material

content; free of stones 1 inch or larger in any dimension and other extraneous materials

harmful to plant growth.

1. Topsoil Source: Reuse surface soil stockpiled on-site. Verify suitability of stockpiled

surface soil to produce topsoil. Clean surface soil of roots, plants, sod, stones, clay

lumps, and other extraneous materials harmful to plant growth.

a. Supplement with imported or manufactured topsoil from off-site sources when

quantities are insufficient. Obtain topsoil displaced from naturally well-

drained construction or mining sites where topsoil occurs at least 4 inches

deep; do not obtain from agricultural land, bogs or marshes.

2. Topsoil Source: Import topsoil or manufactured topsoil from off-site sources. Obtain

topsoil displaced from naturally well-drained construction or mining sites where topsoil

occurs at least 4 inches deep; do not obtain from agricultural land, bogs or marshes.

3. Topsoil Source: Amend existing in-place surface soil to produce topsoil. Verify

suitability of surface soil to produce topsoil. Clean surface soil of roots, plants, sod,

stones, clay lumps, and other extraneous materials harmful to plant growth.

b. Surface soil may be supplemented with imported or manufactured topsoil from

off-site sources. Obtain topsoil displaced from naturally well-drained

construction or mining sites where topsoil occurs at least 4 inches deep; do not

obtain from agricultural land, bogs or marshes.

B.

2.3 FERTILIZER

A. Bonemeal: Commercial, raw or steamed, finely ground; a minimum of 4 percent nitrogen

and 10 percent phosphoric acid.

B. Superphosphate: Commercial, phosphate mixture, soluble; a minimum of 20 percent

available phosphoric acid.

C. Commercial Fertilizer: Commercial-grade complete fertilizer of neutral character,

consisting of fast- and slow-release nitrogen, 50 percent derived from natural organic

sources of urea formaldehyde, phosphorous, and potassium in the following composition:

4. Composition: 1 lb/1000 sq. ft. of actual nitrogen, 4 percent phosphorous, and 2 percent

potassium, by weight.



5. Composition: Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in amounts recommended in soil

reports from a qualified soil-testing agency.

D. Slow-Release Fertilizer: Granular or pelleted fertilizer consisting of 50 percent water-

insoluble nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the following composition:

6. Composition: 20 percent nitrogen, 10 percent phosphorous, and 10 percent potassium,

by weight.

7. Composition: Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in amounts recommended in soil

reports from a qualified soil-testing agency.

1.

2.4 MULCHES

A. Straw Mulch: Provide air-dry, clean, mildew- and seed-free, salt hay or threshed straw of

wheat, rye, oats, or barley.

B. Peat Mulch: Finely divided or granular texture, with a pH range of 6 to 7.5, containing

partially decomposed moss peat, native peat, or reed-sedge peat and having a water-

absorbing capacity of 1100 to 2000 percent.

C. Compost Mulch: Well-composted, stable, and weed-free organic matter, pH range of 5.5 to

8; moisture content 35 to 55 percent by weight; 100 percent passing through 1-inch sieve;

soluble salt content of 5 to 10 decisiemens/m; not exceeding 0.5 percent inert contaminants

and free of substances toxic to plantings; and as follows:

8. Organic Matter Content: 50 percent of dry weight.

D. Fiber Mulch: Biodegradable, dyed-wood, cellulose-fiber mulch; nontoxic; free of plant-

growth or germination inhibitors; with maximum moisture content of 15 percent and a pH

range of 4.5 to 6.5.

E. Nonasphaltic Tackifier: Colloidal tackifier recommended by fiber-mulch manufacturer for

slurry application; nontoxic and free of plant-growth or germination inhibitors.

F. Asphalt Emulsion: ASTM D 977, Grade SS-1; nontoxic and free of plant-growth or

germination inhibitors.

G.

2.5 EROSION-CONTROL MATERIALS

A. Erosion-Control Blankets: Biodegradable wood excelsior, straw, or coconut-fiber mat

enclosed in a photodegradable plastic mesh. Include manufacturer's recommended steel

wire staples, 6 inches long.



B. Erosion-Control Fiber Mesh: Biodegradable twisted jute or spun-coir mesh, a minimum of

0.92 lb/sq. yd., with 50 to 65 percent open area. Include manufacturer's recommended steel

wire staples, 6 inches long.

C.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Examine areas to receive lawns and grass for compliance with requirements and for

conditions affecting performance of the Work. Do not proceed with installation until

unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.

3.2 PREPARATION

A. Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other facilities, trees, shrubs, and

plantings from damage caused by planting operations.

B. Provide erosion-control measures to prevent erosion or displacement of soils and discharge

of soil-bearing water runoff or airborne dust to adjacent properties and walkways.

3.3 TOPSOIL PLACEMENT FOR LAWNS

A. Limit subgrade preparation to areas that will be planted in the immediate future.

B. Loosen subgrade to a minimum depth of 4 inches. Remove stones, sticks and roots larger

than 2 inches in any dimension from subgrade. Completely remove trash and other

extraneous debris from subgrade.

C. Have topsoil tested by a certified soil testing laboratory to determine the type and quantity

of soil amendments necessary.

D. Sift topsoil to remove stones and other objects larger than 1” in any dimension. Maximum

object size for topsoil shall be achieved by sifting not by hand removal or raking following

placement of topsoil.

E. Mix soil amendments and fertilizers with topsoil at rates required by soil testing. Delay

mixing fertilizer if planting does not follow placing of planting soil within 4 days. Either

mix soil before spreading or apply soil amendments on surface of spread topsoil and mix

thoroughly into top 4 inches (100 mm) of topsoil before planting.

1. Soil amenities shall be as recommended in standard and specifications 3.32

"PERMANENT SEEDING" of the Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control

Handbook.

F. Mix lime with dry soil prior to mixing fertilizer.



G. Spread topsoil to a minimum depth of six inches (6”).

3.4 SEEDING LAWNS

A. Sow seed with a spreader or a seeding machine. Do not broadcast or drop seed when wind

velocity exceeds 5 mph (8 km/h). Evenly distribute seed by sowing equal quantities in 2

directions at right angles to each other.

B. Do not use wet seed or seed that is moldy or otherwise damaged in transit or storage.

C. Sow seed at the following rates:

1. Seeding Rate: 200 lbs./acre.

D. Rake seed lightly into top 1/4 inch of topsoil, roll lightly, and water with fine spray.

E. Hydroseed all slopes 3:1 or steeper.

F. Protect seeded areas 3:1 slope/grade or steeper against erosion by providing erosion-control

blankets installed and stapled according to manufacturer's recommendations.

G. Protect seeded areas less than 3:1 slope/grade against erosion by spreading straw mulch

after completion of seeding operations. Spread uniformly at a minimum rate of 2 tons per

acre to form a continuous blanket 1-1/2 inches loose depth over seeded areas. Spread by

hand, blower, or other suitable equipment.

1. Anchor straw mulch by crimping into topsoil by suitable mechanical equipment.

3.5 LAWN RENOVATION

A. Renovate existing lawn. Limits of existing lawn to be renovated are indicated on the

drawings.

B. Renovate existing lawn damaged by Contractor's operations, such as storage of materials or

equipment and movement of vehicles.

1. Reestablish lawn where settlement or washouts occur or where minor regrading is

required.

C. Remove sod and vegetation from diseased or unsatisfactory lawn areas; do not bury in soil.

D. Remove topsoil containing foreign materials resulting from Contractor's operations,

including oil drippings, fuel spills, stone, gravel, and other construction materials, and

replace with new topsoil.

E. Mow, de-thatch, core aerate, and rake existing lawn.



F. Remove weeds before seeding. Where weeds are extensive, apply selective herbicides as

required. Do not use pre-emergence herbicides.

G. Remove waste and foreign materials, including weeds, soil cores, grass, vegetation, and

turf, and legally dispose of them off Owner's property.

H. Till stripped, bare, and compacted areas thoroughly to a soil depth of 6 inches.

I. Apply soil amendments and initial fertilizers required for establishing new lawns and mix

thoroughly into top 4 inches of existing soil. Provide new planting soil to fill low spots and

meet finish grades.

J. Apply seed and protect with straw mulch as required for new lawns.

K. Water newly planted areas and keep moist until new lawn is established.

3.6 MAINTENANCE OF NEW LAWNS

A. Begin maintenance of lawns immediately after each area is planted and continue until

acceptable lawn is established. Maintain seeded lawns until Substantial Completion.

Maintain all grassed areas as necessary to ensure a satisfactory lawn is achieved at

Substantial Completion.

B. Maintain and establish lawns by watering, fertilizing, weeding, mowing, trimming,

replanting, and other operations. Roll, regrade, and replant bare or eroded areas and

remulch to produce a uniformly smooth lawn.

1. Replant bare areas with same materials as for lawns.

2. Replace disturbed mulch.

C. Watering: Provide and maintain temporary hoses, and lawn-watering equipment to convey

water from a water source to keep lawns uniformly moist to a depth of 4 inches.

1. Provide a source of water for irrigation. Utilize temporary irrigation meters, a well

or water trucks as necessary for the water source.

2. Water seeded areas as necessary to promote vigorous growth of grass but at the

minimum rate of 1 inch per week.

3. Water sprigged and sodded areas per the requirements of the grower. Maintain moist

soil to a depth of at least four inches.

D. At a minimum, the following fertilizer applications are required:

1. By November 30, 2001, apply 15-5-10 commercial fertilizer at the rate of 200 lbs.

per acre over all seeded and sodded areas.

2. By March 30, 2002, apply 15-5-10 commercial fertilizer at the rate of 350 lbs. per

acre over all seeded and sodded areas.



3. By November 30, 2002, apply 15-5-10 commercial fertilizer at the rate of 200 lbs.

per acre and apply lime at 2000 lbs. per acre over all seeded and sodded areas.

Provide written acknowledgement that this requirement has been met prior to

requesting Substantial Completion.

E. Mow lawns as soon as there is enough top growth to cut with mower set at indicated height.

Repeat mowing as required to maintain indicated height without cutting more than 40

percent of the grass height (minimum of 3 mowing’s). Remove no more than 40 percent of

grass-leaf growth in initial or subsequent mowing’s. Do not delay mowing until grass

blades bend over and become matted. Do not mow when grass is wet. Schedule initial and

subsequent mowing’s to maintain following grass height:

1. Mow grass to a finished height of 2 to 3 inches high.

3.7 SATISFACTORY LAWN

A. Seeded lawns shall be satisfactory/acceptable provided requirements, including

maintenance, have been met and a healthy, uniform, close stand of grass is established, free

of weeds, bare spots exceeding 5 by 5 inches, and surface irregularities..

B. Replant lawns that do not meet requirements and continue maintenance until lawns are

satisfactory/acceptable.

C. Substantial Completion of the building and the remainder of the project may be achieved

(pending prior Architect and Owner approval) before achieving a satisfactory/acceptable

lawn. Continue to replant and maintain unsatisfactory/unacceptable lawn areas until

acceptance is obtained. Warranties for lawns shall begin at the time of acceptance of the

lawn.

3.8 CLEANUP AND PROTECTION

A. Promptly remove soil and debris created by lawn work from sidewalks and paved areas.

Clean wheels of vehicles before leaving site to avoid tracking soil onto surface of roads,

walks, or other paved areas.

B. Erect barricades and warning signs as required to protect newly planted areas from traffic.

Maintain barricades throughout maintenance period until lawn is established.



EXTERIOR PLANTS 329300 - 1

SECTION 329300 - EXTERIOR PLANTS

PART 1 - GENERAL


A. The provisions of the Contract Documents and Drawings apply to the work of this section.

1.2 SUMMARY

A. Work consists of furnishing, delivering, and planting trees and other plant types as indicated

on the plans. Work including all excavation and planting operations, plant establishment

operations, disposal of waste and other incidentals needed to complete planting work. This

Section includes the following:

1. Exterior Plant Materials

a. Trees

b. Other Plant Materials

c. Initial maintenance of landscape materials

2. Topsoil

3. Inorganic Soil Amendments

4. Organic Soil Amendments

5. Fertilizer

6. Stakes and Guys

7. Mulch

8. Anti-desiccant

9. Herbicides

1.3 SUBMITTALS

A. Installers Qualifications: Provide a list, with references, of the past three projects of similar

scope. Provide Proof of insurance papers, business license, and legal status of employees.

B. Product Data: For each type of product indicated.

C. Plant Material Certifications:



1. Certificates of inspection as required by governmental authorities.

2. Label data substantiating that plant materials comply with specified requirements.

D. Planting Schedule:

1. Typewritten plant installation schedule.

2. Once accepted, revise dates only as approved in writing and submitted to Architect.

E. Maintenance Schedules: Typewritten instructions recommending procedures for

maintenance of landscape work for one full year. Submit prior to completion of project.

F. Topsoil Amendment Plan:

1. Provide copy of topsoil testing report from certified testing laboratory.

2. List of amendments proposed including application rates.


A. Installer Qualifications: Engage an experienced installer, who has successfully completed

planting projects similar in size and complexity to this project. The installer’s primary

business (defined as a minimum of 60% of total billings) shall be exterior plant installation.

B. Pre-installation Conference: Conduct conference at Project site to comply with

requirements in Division 1 Section "Project Management and Coordination."

C. Installer’s Field Supervision: Require Installer to maintain an experienced full-time

supervisor on the project site when exterior planting is in progress.

D. Exterior Plant Materials:

1. Plant Materials. Provide plant materials of quantity, size, genus, species, and variety

indicated on the Landscape Plan and in the Plant List for landscape work. All plants

delivered shall be true to name and legibly tagged with the names and sizes of

materials. Plant names must comply with standardized plant names as adopted by the

latest edition of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Names of

varieties not listed must conform generally with names accepted by the nursery trade.

2. All plant materials and work shall comply with recommendations and requirements

of ANSI Z60.1 "American Standard for Nursery Stock.”

3. Provide nursery-grown plants with healthy root systems developed by transplanting

or root pruning. Provide well-shaped, fully branched, healthy, vigorous stock free of

disease, insects, eggs or larvae.

4. Shape/Habit. The branch system shall be normal development and free from

disfiguring knots, sun-scald, injuries, and abrasions of the bark, dead or dry wood,

broken terminal growth or other objectionable disfigurements.



5. Trees shall have reasonably straight stems and shall be well branched and

symmetrical per their natural habits of growth.

6. Specimen Materials. Specimen shall mean an exceptionally heavy, symmetrical

tightly knit plant, so trained and favored in its development and appearance, as to be

unquestionably superior in form, number of branches, compactness and symmetry.

7. Source. All plants shall be nursery grown at a minimum of two years under climatic

conditions similar to those in the locality of the project, for proper acclimatization to

heat, humidity, and winter temperature extremes.

8. Do not make substitutions. If specified landscape material is not obtainable, submit

proof of non-availability to Architect, together with proposal for use of equivalent

material.

9. Inspection of Plant Materials. The Architect may inspect plant materials either at

place of growth or on site before planting, for compliance with requirements for

genus, species, variety, size, and quality. Architect retains right to further inspect

trees for size and condition of balls and root systems, insects, injuries and latent

defects, and to reject unsatisfactory or defective material at any time during progress

of work.

1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

A. Packaged Materials:

1. Deliver packaged materials in original, unopened, and undamaged containers

showing weight, analysis, and name of manufacturer.

2. Protect materials from deterioration during delivery, and while stored at site.

B. Exterior Plant Materials

1. Protect bark, branches, and root systems from sun scald, drying, sweating, whipping,

and other handling and tying damage. Do not bend or bind-tie trees in such a manner

as to destroy their natural shape. Provide protective covering of exterior plants

during delivery. Do not drop exterior plants during delivery

2. Delivery. Cover plants transported on open vehicles with a protective covering to

prevent windburn. Deliver exterior plant materials after preparations for planting

have been completed and plant immediately. If planting is delayed more than 6 hours

after delivery, set trees in shade, protect from weather and mechanical damage, and

keep roots moist and free from frost.

3. Do not remove container-grown stock from containers until planting time.

4. Balled and bur lapped plants shall be dug so as to retain as many fibrous roots as

practicable, and shall come from soil which will form a firm ball. The soil in the ball

shall be the original and undisturbed soil in which the plant has been grown. The

plant shall be dug, wrapped, transported, and handled in such manner that the soil in



the ball will not be loosened to cause stripping of the small and fine feeding roots, or

cause the soil to drop away from such roots.

5. Balled and bur lapped material shall be freshly dug. If trees are stored, untie and set

vertically.

6. Handle planting stock by root ball strapping.


A. Examine the sub-grade, verify the elevations, and observe the conditions under which work

is to be performed. Do not proceed with the work until unsatisfactory conditions have been

corrected in a manner acceptable to the installer.

B. Determine location of underground utilities and perform work in a manner which will avoid

possible damage. Hand excavate as required.

C. Protect existing utilities, paving and other facilities from damage caused by landscaping

operations. When conditions detrimental to plant growth are encountered notify Architect

before planting.

D. Coordination with Lawns: Install plant materials after finish grades are established and

before planting lawns, unless otherwise acceptable to the Architect.

1. When planting exterior plants after lawns, protect lawn areas and promptly repair

damage caused by planting operations.

E. Provide all necessary safeguards for the protection of all planted areas until Final

Acceptance.

F. Planting Restrictions: Plant during one of the following periods.

1. Spring Planting: Unfrozen soil conditions March 1st - June 1st.

2. Summer Planting: June 1st – September 15th with approved irrigation system.

3. Fall Planting: September 15th - November 1st or until frozen soil conditions prevent

work.

G. Layout: Installer shall coordinate with Architect and Owner for approval of bed and

planting layout.

1.7 WARRANTY

1. Warranty exterior plant materials for a period of one year after date of Final

Acceptance against defects including death and unsatisfactory growth, except for

defects resulting from neglect by Owner, abuse or damage by others, or unusual

phenomena or incidents which are beyond Contractor's control.



2. It shall be the contractor’s responsibility during the warranty period to provide

written notice of any maintenance practice to the Architect which in their opinion

will affect the guarantee if not remedied promptly. The Architect will render an

opinion of the conflict if necessary.

3. Dead and unsatisfactory plants (more than 25% dead or dying) shall be promptly

removed from the project. Make replacements of all dead or unsatisfactory plants in

early spring/fall following installation meeting original specification. Replacements

of dead or unsatisfactory plants should again be maid prior to the expiration of the

warranty period at the installer’s expense.

1.8 MAINTENANCE

A. The Contractor is responsible for maintaining all exterior plant material until Final

Acceptance. The Owner is responsible for maintaining all exterior plant material throughout

the warranty period according to the submitted Maintenance Schedule.

B. All stakes and guy wires shall be removed by contractor one year (12 months) after

planting.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 EXTERIOR PLANT MATERIALS

A. Label at least one tree of each variety and caliper with a securely attached, waterproof tag

bearing legible designation of botanical and common name.

2.2 TOPSOIL

A. Topsoil: ASTM D 5268, pH range of 5.5 to 7, a minimum of 4 percent organic material

content. Topsoil shall be fertile, friable, natural topsoil of loamy character, without

admixture of subsoil material, obtained from a well-drained arable site, reasonably free

from clay, lumps, coarse sands, stones, plants, roots, sticks and other foreign materials.

B. Topsoil Source:

1. Reuse surface soil stockpiled on-site. Verify suitability of stockpiled surface soil to

produce topsoil. Clean surface soil of roots, plants, sod, stones, clay lumps, and other

extraneous materials harmful to plant growth.

a. Supplement with imported or manufactured topsoil from off-site sources when

quantities are insufficient. Obtain topsoil displaced from naturally well-

drained sites where topsoil occurs at least 4 inches (100 mm) deep; do not

obtain from agricultural land, bogs or marshes.

2. Amend existing in-place surface soil to produce topsoil. Verify suitability of surface

soil to produce topsoil. Clean surface soil of roots, plants, sod, stones, clay lumps,

and other extraneous materials harmful to plant growth.



a. Surface soil may be supplemented with imported or manufactured topsoil.

2.3 INORGANIC SOIL AMENDMENTS

A. Lime: ASTM C 602, agricultural limestone containing a minimum 80 percent calcium

carbonate equivalent and as follows:

1. Class: Class T, with a minimum 99 percent passing through No. 8 (2.36-mm) sieve

and a minimum 75 percent passing through No. 60 (0.25-mm) sieve.

2. Class: Class O, with a minimum 95 percent passing through No. 8 (2.36-mm) sieve

and a minimum 55 percent passing through No. 60 (0.25-mm) sieve.

3. Provide lime in form of dolomitic limestone.

B. Sulfur: Granular, biodegradable, containing a minimum of 90 percent sulfur, with a

minimum 99 percent passing through No. 6 (3.35-mm) sieve and a maximum 10 percent

passing through No. 40 (0.425-mm) sieve.

C. Iron Sulfate: Granulated ferrous sulfate containing a minimum of 20 percent iron and 10

percent sulfur.

D. Aluminum Sulfate: Commercial grade, unadulterated.

E. Perlite: Horticultural perlite, soil amendment grade.

F. Agricultural Gypsum: Finely ground, containing a minimum of 90 percent calcium sulfate.

G. Sand: Clean, washed, natural or manufactured, free of toxic materials.

H. Diatomaceous Earth: Calcined, diatomaceous earth, 90 percent silica, with approximately

140 percent water absorption capacity by weight.

I. Zeolites: Mineral clinoptilolite with at least 60 percent water absorption by weight.

2.4 ORGANIC SOIL AMENDMENTS

A. Compost: Well-composted, stable, and weed-free organic matter, pH range of 5.5 to 8;

moisture content 35 to 55 percent by weight; 100 percent passing through 3/4-inch (19-mm)

sieve; soluble salt content of 5 to 10 decisiemens/m; not exceeding 0.5 percent inert

contaminants and free of substances toxic to plantings; and as follows:

1. Organic Matter Content: 50 to 60 percent of dry weight.

2. Feedstock: Agricultural, food, or industrial residuals; bio-solids; yard trimmings; or

source-separated or compostable mixed solid waste.

B. Sphagnum peat moss: Sphagnum peat moss shall be partially decomposed, finely divided

or granular texture, with a pH range of 3.4 to 4.8.



C. Peat Moss. Peat moss shall consist of at least 75 per cent of partially decomposed stems

and leaves of sphagnum and essentially brown in color and having a water absorbing

capacity of 1100 to 2000 percent. Texture may vary from porous-fibrous to spongy-fibrous

and shall be free from sticks, stones and mineral matter. Peat moss shall be in an air-dry

condition, shall have a pH of 3.5 to 5.5, and shall otherwise be per federal regulation. Peat

moss shall be moistened prior to and at time of use.

D. Wood Derivatives: Decomposed, nitrogen-treated sawdust, ground bark, or wood waste; of

uniform texture, free of chips, stones, sticks, soil, or toxic materials.

1. In lieu of decomposed wood derivatives, mix partially decomposed wood derivatives

with at least 0.15 lb (2.4 kg) of ammonium nitrate or 0.25 lb (4 kg) of ammonium

sulfate per cubic foot (cubic meter) of loose sawdust or ground bark.

E. Manure: Well-rotted, un-leached, poultry, stable or cattle manure containing not more than

25 percent by volume of straw, sawdust, or other bedding materials; free of toxic

substances, stones, sticks, soil, weed seed, and material harmful to plant growth.

2.5 FERTILIZER

A. Commercial Fertilizer: Commercial-grade complete fertilizer of neutral character,

consisting of fast- and slow-release nitrogen, 50 percent derived from natural organic

sources of urea formaldehyde, phosphorous, and potassium. Revise fertilizer mix to remedy

deficiencies found in soil.

1. Composition: 1 lb/1000 sq. ft. (0.45 kg/92.9 sq. m. of actual nitrogen, 4 percent

phosphorous, and 2 percent potassium, by weight.

2. Composition: Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in amounts recommended in

soil reports from a qualified soil-testing agency.

B. Slow-Release Fertilizer: Granular or pelletized fertilizer consisting of 50 percent water-

insoluble nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Revise fertilizer mix to remedy deficiencies

found in soil.

1. Composition: 20 percent nitrogen, 10 percent phosphorous, and 10 percent

potassium, by weight.

2. Composition: Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in amounts recommended in

soil reports from a qualified soil-testing agency.

2.6 STAKES AND GUYS

1. Stakes: Oak stakes shall be used.

2. Guys: Twelve (12) gauge galvanized wire and rubber hose shall be used.



2.7 MULCHES

1. Organic Mulch: Six (6) month old well rotted double shredded native hardwood bark

mulch not larger than 4” in length and 1/2” in width, free of woodchips and sawdust.

2.8 WATER

1. Free of substances harmful to plant growth. Hoses or other methods of application

furnished by contractor.

2.9 MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS

A. Anti-desiccant: Water-insoluble emulsion, permeable moisture retarder, film forming, for

trees. Deliver in original, sealed, and fully labeled containers and mix according to

manufacturer's written instructions.

B. Herbicides: Herbicide shall be an EPA-approved chemical to control and prevent re-growth

of undesirable vegetation. The herbicide shall be approved for type and rate of application

by the Architect before use.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Examine areas to receive exterior plants for compliance with requirements and conditions

affecting installation and performance. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory

conditions have been corrected.

3.2 PREPARATION

A. Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other facilities, and lawns and

existing exterior plants from damage caused by planting operations.

B. Provide erosion-control measures to prevent erosion or displacement of soils and discharge

of soil-bearing water runoff or airborne dust to adjacent properties and walkways.

C. Plant Materials.

1. Lay out individual tree locations and areas for multiple exterior plantings. Stake

locations, outline areas, adjust locations when requested, and obtain Landscape

Architect's acceptance of layout before planting. Make minor adjustments as

required.

2. Lay out exterior plants at locations indicated. Stake locations of individual trees and

outline areas for multiple plantings.



D. Anti-desiccant: Apply anti-desiccant to trees using power spray to provide an adequate film

over trunks, branches, stems, twigs, and foliage to protect during digging, handling, and

transportation.

1. If deciduous trees are moved in full leaf, spray with anti-desiccant at nursery before

moving and again two weeks after planting.

3.3 PLANTING BED ESTABLISHMENT

A. Loosen sub-grade of planting beds to a minimum depth of 4 inches (100 mm). Remove

stones larger than 1 inch (25 mm) in any dimension and sticks, roots, rubbish, and other

extraneous matter and legally dispose of them off of Owner's property.

1. Apply fertilizer directly to subgrade before loosening.

2. Spread topsoil, apply soil amendments and fertilizer on surface, and thoroughly blend

planting soil mix.

a. Delay mixing fertilizer with planting soil if planting will not proceed within a

few days.

b. Mix lime with dry soil before mixing fertilizer.

B. Finish Grading: Grade planting beds to a smooth, uniform surface plane with loose,

uniformly fine texture. Roll and rake, remove ridges, and fill depressions to meet finish

grades.

C. Restore planting beds if eroded or otherwise disturbed after finish grading and before

planting.

3.4 TREE PLANTING

A. Set all plant materials plumb and in center of pit or trench as per detail.

1. Remove burlap and wire baskets from tops of root balls and partially from sides, but

do not remove from under root balls. Remove pallets, if any, before setting. Do not

use planting stock if root ball is cracked or broken before or during planting

operation.

2. Carefully remove root ball from container without damaging root ball or plant.

3. Place native soil around root ball in layers, tamping to settle mix and eliminate voids

and air pockets. When pit is approximately one-half backfilled, water thoroughly

before placing remainder of backfill. Repeat watering until no more water is

absorbed. Water again after placing and tamping final layer of native soil.

4. Spread roots without tangling or turning toward surface, and carefully work backfill

around roots by hand. Puddle with water until backfill layers are completely

saturated. Plumb before backfilling and maintain plumb while working backfill



around roots and placing layers above roots. Tamp final layer of backfill. Remove

injured roots by cutting cleanly, do not break.

5. Dish top of backfill creating water well. Edge for turf prior to compost and mulch

application.

6. Place 1 inch average thickness of compost extending 12 inches (300 mm) beyond

edge of planting pit or trench.

7. Apply 2-3 inch average thickness of organic mulch over compost layer. Do not place

mulch within 3 inches (75 mm) of trunks or stems.

3.5 TREE PRUNING

A. Prune, thin, and shape trees as indicated.

3.6 CLEANUP AND PROTECTION

A. During exterior planting, maintain adjacent paving and construction clean and work area in

an orderly condition. All reasonable precautions shall be taken to avoid damage to existing

structures, plaza, walls, and plants. When planting in an area has been completed, the area

shall be thoroughly cleaned.

B. Protect exterior plants from damage due to landscape operations, operations by other

contractors and trades, and others. Maintain protection during installation and maintenance

periods. Treat, repair, or replace damaged exterior planting.

3.7 DISPOSAL

A. Disposal: Remove surplus soil and waste material, including excess subsoil, unsuitable soil,

trash, and debris, and legally dispose of them off Owner's property.
