journal of ancient historypiotrovsky.org/books/rus/182_vestnik_2_1989.pdfara~emmh hayr cccp...
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1 Ryckmans G. Inscriptions sud-arabes. 19 ser. // Le Museon. 1962. 75. P. 220-231; idem. Graffites rupestres pres du tombeau de Bin Hud // Le Museon. 1954. 67. P. 181-185; Caton Thompson G_. The Tombs and Moon Temple of Hureida. Oxf., 1944. P. 180-184.
2 J amme A. Preliminary Report on Epigraphic Research in North-western Wadi Hadramawt and at al-Abar // BASOR. 1963. 172. P. 41-54.
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Hap;rrncb p;ayxcTpO'IHaH, ropnsoHTaJibHaH . ~epximH CTpoRa 'lHTaeTCH cJiena, BTO
paH - CITpaBa. 7 3HaROB. BLICOTa 6yRB - 3-2 CM, IIIHjJHHa - 2-1 ,'5 CM.
1 «l\IICJIOe MOJIORO 2llln6al'v!a,.
1. rwbt <<RHCJIOe MOJIORO», <<rraxTa>r, sp . apa6. JIHT . raub, rauba 11: MeCTHOe p;naJieRTaJibHOe ruba , rauba. fopop; illH6aM CJiaBHJICH B cpep;HHe BeRa ROpOBaMH ll ROpOBbllM MaCJIOM,
ITpll ITOJIY'!eHHll ROTOpOro ll MOJReT OCTaBaTbCH rraXTa. 2. sbm - IIIH6aM.- TorrOHHM, HasnaHHe ropop;a. TaR II: ITO cell: p;eHb Ha3hlBaeTCH 3Ha
MeHHTLdi: ropop; B OCHOBHOM pycJie Bap;n Xap;paMayT. CROpee BCero HMeHHO OH II HMeeTCH B BFI)J;y, TaR RaR HaXO)J;HJICH OTHOCHTeJibHO Hep;aJieRO (OROJIO O)J;HOrO )J;HH IIYTH) ll 6LIJI CBH
saH c TOpronhlM TpaRTOM, OROJIO ROToporo Haxop;nTCH aap;n aJI-fa6p: Op;HaRo nsaeCTHO, 'ITO
TOITOHIIM illn6aM B p;peBHeM ll Cpep;HeBeROBOM l1:eMeHe 6LIJI pacrrpOCTpaHeH O'leHb IDHpORO. He HCRJIIO'leHO, 'ITO sp;eCb HMeeTCH B Bnp;y p;pyroe MeCTO (pnc. 1).
KoMn.ttJKc J(J!Cay.ttam ap-PyJ.tao. J'pyiTna CRaJI B He60JibiiiOM yiiJ;eJibe, (1 RM) OT xpaMa
CnHa :?Y Mall:<f>a 'aH, Ha ropop;niiJ;e PaH:6yH. ,II;il\ p I. Hap;ITHCb TOHRO Ha6nTa B n;eHTpaJibHOll 'laCTH BOCTO'lHOll CTOpOHbl CRaJibi (A ).
<DoH cepLii'r, RaHaJI 6eJILill:. Hap;ITIICb BLIIIOJIHeHa caepxy BHII3, 6yRBLI CTOHT nepTIIRaJibHO. ,lJ;JIHHa OROJIO 30 CM.
CHa'!aJia Ha)J;ITHCb H)J;eT B Op;Hy CTpORy, 3aTeM, ITOCJie Bhl60HHhl,- B p;ne, paCXO)J;HJI:(HeCH
p;pyr c p;pyroM . Bcero- 19 sHaRon. B ROHIIe nTopoll: cTpORH Ha6nToe n saTepToe nso6pameHne 6oJibiiiOro J.£UJ.ta. BosMOlRHO, 'ITO no p;o6anJiemre 6oJiee rrosp;Hero 'lii'I'aTeJIH. A.ttu¢ p;naJRp;hl BhliTOJIHeH ITO-pa3HOMY- <<pOJRRaMH>> ll <<ITeTJieH>>. Mu.J.£ OTRphlTLIH, aaun CTOHT
BMeCTO aa.ttb, 'ITO 06hl'IHO )J;JIH xap;paMa:yTCRHX Hap;ITHCell:. BLICOTa 6yRB OROJIO 2 CM, IIIHpll
Ha - OROJIO 1 CM. tfum hrbm zms ' l <<Ca<f>HaM Xap6aM, ITOJIY'IHBIIIHH opaRyJI
\ zr'b (m) Iii ITOJiy'lliiBIII!illl 6JiarOBOJieHiile» :tfnm hrbm - JI!il'lHOe !iiMH . ,Il;JIH ITepnoll: JJ:aCTH cp. ca<f>cRoe liiMH tfn 3; cp. HasnaHHe
MaxpniicRoro rrJieMeHH 6aHy My]!:apn6 6.xap6 , ROHTpOJIHponaniiiero n Ha'!aJie VI n. Teppn
Topnro <<pbiHRa>> IIInxpa» 4. MMH hrb •racTo BCTpe'IaeTCH B <<caMyp;cRnx>> Ha)J;ITHCHX 5. Z - OTHOC!iiTeJibHOe MeCTO!iiMeHHe. 06bi'lHaH )J;JIH Xap;paMayTa 3aMeHa g Ha Z. ms'l - OTBeT opaRyJia. CTanp;apTHOe o6osHa'!eHHe co6LITHH, '!acTo yiToMrmaeMoro B
cTeJiaX-J.tycnaiJax xpaMa C~~:na i?Y Mall:<Pa'aH Ha Pall:6yHe XIV; op;Ha 11:3 rJiaBHbiX rrpH'IHH, ITO ROTopoll: anTOphl Hap;rrr~cell: B xpaMe 6Jiarop;apHT CnHa.
r'b - BTOpa·H 110 '!aCTOTe IIpH'IHHa 6Jiarop;apeHHH CnHa B CTeJiaX H3 TOTO JRe xpaMa.
OsHa'!aeT IW!il OTBJie'!ennoe «corJiacue>>, «6JiaronoJieHne» 6omecTna HJIH rRe HeRyro p;OJIJR-
3 Lankester Harding C . An index and concordance of Preisl amic Arabian names and inscriptions. Toronto. 1971. P. 146.
4 CM. Jl6n Xa6u6 . Rn:Ta6 aJI-Myxa66ap. Xall:p;apa6ap;, 1946. C. 266. 6 Lankester Harding. Op. cit. P. 612.
151
PHc. 1
PHC. 3
iJ 1 2 3 ~
7 PHC. 2
HOCTb, IIOJiyqeuuyro IIO corJiameBHIO c 6omeCTBOM 6, )J;JIH ua,o;m1ceii: xpaMa C:~~uy 3y Maii:f!Ja<au o6Jllqua f!JopMyJia: wr'bs/syn/.dmyf<n/r'bs/.dyn<m <<H 6JiaroBOJIHJI eMy C:~~u ~y Maii:f!Ja<aH 6JiaroBoJieHneM, KOTopoe ero o6pa;l{oBaJio>> HJIH «H uaaHaqnJI ero CnH ~y Maii:f!Ja<aBi Ha b\OJimBOCTb, KOTOpaH ero o6pa,o;oBaJia». CM, TaK»\8 'lr'b - HMH HJil!l OIIl!IC3HHe ,o;eii:CTBHH ua coce,o;Heii cKaJie )J;.iR P 2, A 9 H A 10.
TaKHM o6paaoM, ua,o;IIHCb )J;.iR P I, A 9 oKaali!BaeTCH KaK 6Ii! ((6Ii!TOBii!M>> BapHaBTOM BOCBHTHT8JibHOii: XpaMOBOii: Ba,D;IIHCH. ABTOp 3,11;8Cb B OTJI:I'[qH8 OT of!Jnn;HaJibHOH CT8JIIil aaIIHCii!BaeT yme He 6Jiaro,o;apHOCTb 6omeCTBy, a KaK 6Ii! BOXBaJIH8TCH CaMHM f!JaKTOM 6Jiaro
CK.JlOHHOCTH K BeMy CnHa. Ha,D;IIHCb HaXO,IJ;HTCH y TpOIIIil, Be,o;ymeii: K xpaMy, H, CKOpee BC8-ro, 6Ii!Jia Bli!CeqeHa CaMHM Caf!JHaMOM Xap6aMOM IIOCJI8 IIOC81D;8HHH HM CBHTHJIHID;3 H IIOJiy-
qeHHH TaM OpaKyJia H KaKOfO-TO HH3HaqeHHH (pHC. 2). ~,j
Mapaeux 2. CKaJia B pycJie Ba,o;H MapaBHX. Bli!COTa OKOJIO 2M, aaiia,o;uaH cTopoua. A. I. Ha,D;IIHCb Ha BbiCOTe 135 CM OT aeMJIR, Ha paCCTOHHHH 120 CM OT JieBOrO KpaH.
ToHKO Bli!6HTa. <DoH ceplilil:, KaHaJI cepli!il:. IIoBepxuocTb oqeub TBep,o;aH H oqeub uepoBBaH, II09TOMY Mem,o;y 6yKBaMH HHor,o;a 6oJibiiiHe IIpOIIYCKH. Ha,o;IIHCb aaMii!Ta Bo,o;oil: ,o;om,o;eii: lr CeJieii: ,H QqeHb IIJIOXO BH,D;Ha. HeKOTOplile 6yi>Biil o6uapymHBaiOTCJI TOJibKO IIpH pa60T8
C 9CTaMIIaJReM.
6 CM. Sabaic dictionary. Louvain-Beyrouth, 1982. P. 112.
152
Hap;m1cb uepTHKRJI»Ha.JI. Tpn: cTpOKH. ByKBbl <<CTOHT» n: <meman>. IIepoa.JI cTpoKa un:,n;
Ha oqeHb nnoxo. BDicoTa oceil: Hap;nn:cn: OKOJIO 9 cM, nmpn:Ha cJKoJio 5,5. )l;mma nepooil: cTpo
KH 6 CM, BTOpO:il: - if CM, TpeTbeil: - 7 CM. BbiCOTa 6yKB OKOJIO 1,5 CM. liiHpHHa OKOJIO
0, 7 CM. CTpOKH ~TaiOTCH OT neuoil: K npaooil:. )l;ua cnouopaap;eJin:TeJIH. C6oKy ,n;oa .M.u.M.a, BH,!I;HMO, npHnHCRHHble noap;Hee.
1' tmyhn
2W ~wr/bmrwh s:rru;;wlm/
m m
1C,Il;Ba BOj.J;OTOKa
2n: ceneHn:e u Mapaun:;
3Mac;oaJiaM* M M
1. <tm - «KaHaJI>>, <<BO,IJ;OTOK», <<CJIHB». Cnouo mn:poKo ynoTpe6nHeTCH B coopeMeHHOM paarouopHOM H3b1Ke. BcTpeqaeTCH TaKme B Hap;nn:c.JIX n:a Pail:6yHa, rp;e o6oaHaqaeT p;JIHHHDiii
CJIHB mepTBeHHHKa. )l;B.OHCTBeHHOe qn:CJIO .
2. l.lwr (oT rn. l,lwr - <<ceJIHTbCH B ropop;e>>) - «mHTenn: ropop;a». 3p;ecb cKopee -
«CeJieHHe>>. BoaMOa\HO, Ha3BRHHe KaKOrO-TO Hppn:rau;n:OHHOrO COOpymeHH.fi. mrwl,l -TO
nOHHM. HaaoaHn:e p;onn:HDI, coxpaHn:Bmeec.JI n: no ceil: p;eH».
3. ID~Wlm- TOme TOnOH~ BTOpa.JI_qacTb, YTOqH.JIIOiu;a.JI nepBbiH TOnOHHM (cp. ms'l jml,ln7).
Bap;n: MapaBHX, B KOTOpOM HaXO,!J;HTC.fi 3Ta Hap;nn:Cb H HaaBaHn:e KOTOpOrO COXpaHHeTCH
H no ceil: p;eHb,::._ -O,IJ;HO H3 CRMbiX nOJIHOBO,!I;HbiX B OK pyre . Bo BpeMH ,IJ;Oa\,IJ;eil: Ha nJIOCKOrOpb9
OHO 6biCTpee p;pyrHX HanOJIHHeTC.fi BO,IJ;OH. Hn:aOBb.fi ,IJ;OJIHHbl H no ce:ii: p;eHb HCnOJib3YIOTCH
p;nn nonn:oHoro aeMJiep;enn:n. TaM ecT» ocTaTKH p;peoHn:x n:ppn:rau;n:oHHDix coopymeHn:ii,
HBJI.fiiOiu;HXCH qaCTbiO CHCTeMbl opomeHH.fi Pa:ii:6yHa. )l;aJiee ,IJ;OJIHHa BIIap;aeT B Ba,IJ;H < A:ii:H
OKOJIO CeJieHH.fi MapaBHX. li03TOMy YIIOMHHaHHH 06 Hppn:rau;n:OHHbiX coopymeHH.fiX BIIOJIH9
yMeCTHbl.
Hap;IIHCb BbiiiOJIHeHa He6pelliHO, Ha HepOBHOH IIOBepXHOCTH, 6biTOBbiM IIHCbMOM, H9
HMeeT o6pam;eHn::ii: K 6omecTBY. II osToMy B He:ii: Tpyp;Ho on:p;eT» o6J>IKHOBeHHYIO CTpon:TeJibHYIO
Hap;rrn:cb. CKopee aTo aarrn:cb pa6oTHHKOB (MomeT 6DITb, o6m;n:HHHKOB ceneHHH Mapaon:x),
CTpOHBillHX OpOCHTeJibHble COOpymeHH.fi (pHC. 3).
M. B. Iluompoec~>uu
fOPO~llll!E PA11BYH ITO ~AHHbiM 8I1l1fPAQ)l1Kl1
K Haqany pa6oTDI COl1K8 B 1983 r. n:MeJIOCb JIHillb 35-40 cpparMeHTOB TeKCTOB, co6-
paHHDIX Ha rrouepxHOCTH ropop;n:m; rrpn:MepHo aa 90 neT rrocem;eHn::ii: IOmHo:ii: Apaon:n: eupo
rre:ii:CKHMH rryTemeCTBeHHHKaMH H HCCJW,!I;OBaTeJI.JIMH . .TeM 6oJiee BrreqaTJI.fiiOT peayJibTaTbl
aKcrrep;n:u;n:n:: sa mecTb rroneoDix ceaoHOB B p;onn:He Pa:ii:6yH 6DIJIO o6HapymeHo, co6paHo
H OIIHCaHO OKOJIO ,IJ;BYX TbiC.Jiq u;eJibiX Ha,IJ;IIHCeil: H cpparMeHTOB. Cym;eCTBeHHO, qTO 3Haqn:
TeJibHOe HX qn:CJIO 06HapymeHO B apxeOJIOrn:qeCKOM KOHTeKCTe, B TOM qn:cJie in situ. Ilo)l;aBJI.fiiOiu;ee 60JibillHHCTBO Ha,IJ;IIHCeil: BbiiiOJIHeHO Ha Tiu;aTeJibHO o6pa6oTaHHbiX H3-
BeCTHHKOBbiX IIJIHTaX, HeRorp;a o6JIHD;OBb1BaBillHX HapylliHble H BHyTpeHHHe IIOBepXHOCTH
BHeitm:HX CTeH COOpymeHHH (B pRp;e CJiyqaeB BCKpbiTbl lf CaMH COXpaHRBillHeC.JI CTeHDI).
Op;HaKo Hail:p;elibl TeKCTbl n: Ha p;pyrn:x apxn:TeKTYPHO-CTpon:TeJibHDIX KaMeHHDIX p;eTaJIHX,
mepTBeHHHKaX lf T. ,II;. 0co6yiO rpyrrrry COCTaBJI.fiiOT IIO,IJ;qac MHOrOCTpoqHJ>Ie Ha,IJ;IIHCH Ha
~ Lankester Harding. Op. cit. P. 524 (Ry. 509).
153