journal: why study history? what tools do we use to study the past?
TRANSCRIPT
Setting the Stage:
Turn of the 20th Century
Industrial Revolution and Imperialism
Journal:
Why study history? What tools do we use to study the past?
20th century began with great promise
Technology, inventions Wright Brothers, 1903 Edison, Ford
Science Darwin, Mendel,
Marie Curie, Freud
Mass culture and entertainment
However… One of the deadliest
centuries in human history Some stats:
About 180 million people killed from war in the 20th century
Genocide, nuclear threats
Contradiction between this and greater democratization and human rights
Three Major Themes/Ideas
Industrialization: Growth of industries for the machine production of goods
Nationalism: Belief in loyalty to one’s nation (people with a shared culture and history)
Imperialism: Strong nations dominating weaker nations politically, economically, or socially
Industrialization
Look at the map on pg. 281: Which countries do you think industrialized
first? Why? What factors lead to industrialization?
The Industrial Revolution
Why a revolution?
Began in England in the 1700’s Agriculture: Enclosures
Improved farming techniques Movement to cities (urbanization)
Industrialization Machine mass production of goods Requires land, labor, capital, and natural resources Good economy (banking) and political stability
Textile production from new inventions Improvements in transportation
Steam driven trains on railroads (1830’s)
Journal
Does technology and machinery improve or worsen our lives? Why? Defend your answer.
Progress and Plight
Urbanization: Growth of cities Factories near water sources
Working class: Poor living conditions Poor working conditions
Growth of the middle class
Long-term effects: Improved standard of living, access to consumer
goods
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcuXs4Zyro0
Spread of Industrialization
Spreads to U.S., Germany, France
Gap between industrialized and nonindustrialized countries leads to imperialism Need for raw materials Potential markets for products
Long-term: Longer lifespans, better health, greater wealth in
industrialized nations Growth of a middle class leads to increased
participation in democracy and social reforms
Today
Philosophy Laissez-faire: Free market
unregulated by government
Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations Self-interest, competition, supply &
demand
Capitalism: Economic system Factors of production privately
owned and used to make a profit
Critiques Utilitarianism (Jeremy
Bentham): Greatest good for greatest number of people
Socialism: Factors of production owned by the public
Marxism: Karl Marx The Communist Manifesto History of class warfare Goal of communism:
Classless society
Reforms
Unionization Collective bargaining Strikes
Child labor laws
Abolition of slavery
Women’s rights
Education
Democratic Reform
British Reform Bill (1832): Expanded male suffrage
Chartist movement leads to universal male suffrage
Self-rule: Dominion of Canada Commonwealth of Australia Irish home rule US Manifest Destiny
Irish Home Rule
Easter, 1916:Now and in time to be,
Wherever green is worn,
Are changed, changed utterly:
A terrible beauty is born.
--Yeats
Journal It was said that…
“The Sun Never Sets On the British Empire”
What do you think this means?
Rule, Britannia!
Rule Britannia!Britannia rule the waves
Britons never, never, never shall be slaves.
Rule Britannia!Britannia rule the waves.
Britons never, never, never shall be slaves.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1XPHL4Q86t4
Essential Questions
What were the motives of the colonizers?
How did the imperialists control and manage their colonies?
What were the effects of imperialism?
How did Japan end its isolation and begin to modernize?
Scramble for Africa
Imperialism: Seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country
Belgium takes the Congo (1880’s)
Two Questions: Why? How? Racism, Social Darwinism Technological and medical advances Diversity of African groups
Berlin Conference (1884-85)
Africa Before and After
Berlin Conference Simulation
Order for choosing territory: 1. Portugal 2. Spain 3. Britain 4. France 5. Belgium 6. Germany 7. Italy
Journal
How successful do you believe your country will be in achieving your goals at today’s Berlin Conference? Explain.
Conflicts
Zulus and British
Boers, British, and Africans in South Africa
Boer War: British won
Limited control (British) vs. direct control (French)
Legacy: Political divisions, artificial boundaries Breakdown of family, culture Loss of land, disease, deaths from rebellions Economic expansion
Europeans in the Middle East
Decline of the Ottoman Empire
Crimean War: Britain, France, Ottomans prevent Russia from taking Black Sea territory
“Great Game” bet. Britain and Russia
Egypt and the Suez Canal
India
British East India Company sets up trading posts
“Jewel in the crown” of colonies
Lack of local industry
Sepoy Mutiny (1857) led to the Raj (direct British government control)
Nationalism and division bet. Hindus and Muslims
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yXKbd5IDzU
Southeast Asia
Dutch East India Company in Indonesia
British in Malysia
French in Indochina (Vietnam)
Siam (Thailand) remained independent
US in the Phillipines, Hawaii Hawaii annexed in 1898
Economic Imperialism
China
Japan
Latin America
Mexico