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Journalismcapstoneunits:Capstoneunitsforjournalismprogrammestofacilitatethedemonstrationofgraduatecapabilities
Finalreport2017
EdithCowanUniversity
AssociateProfessorTrevorCullen,AustralianLearningandTeachingFellow(ALTF)
www.journalismcapstoneunits.org
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SupportfortheproductionofthisreporthasbeenprovidedbytheAustralianGovernmentDepartmentofEducationandTraining.TheviewsexpressedinthisreportdonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheAustralianGovernmentDepartmentofEducationandTraining.
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Requestsandinquiriesconcerningtheserightsshouldbeaddressedto:LearningandTeachingSupportStudentInformationandLearningBranchHigherEducationGroupDepartmentofEducationandTrainingGPOBox9880LocationcodeC50MA7CANBERRAACT2601<[email protected]>
[Officeforlearningandteachingwilladdyear]ISBN[officeforlearningandteachingwilladd]ISBN[officeforlearningandteachingwilladd]ISBN[officeforlearningandteachingwilladd]
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AcknowledgementsThis19-monthOfficeforLearningandTeaching(OLT)Fellowshiphasdrawnupontheexpertiseofothers,whohavegenerouslygiventheirtimeandinsightstotheprojectbytakingpartininterviews,conversationsandmeetings.Iwishtothank:
• ProfessorRonOliver,formerDeputyViceChancellor(Education)atEdithCowanUniversity—forhisconstantencouragementandsupport;
• DrSusanHillandDrSallyKnowles—fortheirgenerosityinhelpingtopreparetheFellowshipapplication;
• ProfessorRobynQuin,formerDeputyViceChancellor(Education)atCurtinUniversity—foralwaysbeingavailabletoanswerquestionsandprovidefeedback;
• ThemembersoftheProjectWorkingGroup,ProjectReferenceTeam,ExpertFellowshipTeamandProjectValidationGroup—forengagingsofullyandgenerouslyintheFellowshipactivities;
• TheconferenceorganizersoftheWorldJournalismEducationCongress(WJEC)andtheExecutiveoftheJournalismEducationandResearchAssociationofAustralia(JERAA)—fortheirendorsements;and
• TheAustralianLearningandTeachingFellow(ALTF)staff,especiallyGlenToohey,forbeingsohelpfulandsupportiveduringtheFellowship.
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Listofacronymsused
AustralianBroadcastingCorporation(ABC)
AustralianJournalismReview(AJR)
AustralianLearningandTeachingFellow(ALTF)
AustralianQualificationFramework(AQF)
AsiaPacificMediaEducator(APME)
DepartmentofEducationandTraining(DET)
ExpertFellowshipTeam(EFT)
HigherEducationResearchandDevelopmentSocietyofAustralasia(HERDSA)
InternationalAssociationforMediaandCommunicationResearch(IAMCR)
JournalismandMassCommunicationEducator(JMCE)
JournalismEducationandResearchAssociationofAustralia(JERAA)
MediaEntertainmentArtsAlliance(MEAA)
OfficeforLearningandTeaching(OLT)
PacificJournalismReview(PJR)
ProfessionalIndustryPlacement(PIP)
ProjectReferenceTeam(PRT)
ProjectWorkingGroup(PWG)
ProjectValidationGroup(PVG)
PublicRelationsInstituteofAustralia(PRIA)
Question-and-Answer(Q&A)
RoyalMelbourneInstituteofTechnology(RMIT)
TeachingLearningOutcomes(TLOs)
TechnicalandFurtherEducation(TAFE)
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TertiaryEducationQualityStandardsAgency(TEQSA)
WestAustralianNetworkforDissemination(WAND)
Work-integratedLearning(WIL)
WorldJournalismEducationCongress(WJEC)
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Executivesummary
Fellowshipcontext
This19-monthDepartmentofEducationandTraining(DET)Fellowship,spanningfromJuly2015throughtoJanuary2017,setouttoaddressthelackofagreementofwhatskillsjournalismgraduatesneed,andhowthesecanbedemonstratedandassured.Todevelopsharedunderstandingsofthemostappropriatelearningandteachingapproachesandidentityeffectivemeasuresofgraduatecapabilitiesforthedevelopmentofacapstoneunit,industryandhighereducationprovidersneedtoworkinpartnershiptosupportpositiveoutcomesforjournalismgraduatesandtheirinstitutions.
AimsoftheFellowship
ThisFellowshipaimed:• Toproduceagreedgraduateoutcomesandstandardstoinformthedevelopmentof
ajournalismcapstoneunitforuseamongAustralianuniversitiesofferingundergraduatejournalismdegreesandmajors.
• Tofacilitateimprovedcollaborationwithindustrytoensureuniversitiesfullyunderstandtheneedsofindustrythroughcloseinteractionswithnewseditors.
• Toaddresstheconsiderabledifferencesinthestructure,contentanddeliveryoftertiaryjournalismdegreesasidentifiedinpreviousOfficeforLearningandTeaching(OLT)projects.Thisvariabilityincourseshascontributedtosignificantdifferencesinstandardsanddifficultiesinmeasuringgraduatecapabilities.
FellowshipapproachAttheinceptionofthisFellowship,IestablishedaProjectWorkingGroup(PWG),aProjectReferenceTeam(PRT),anExpertFellowshipTeam(EFT)andaProjectValidationGroup(PVG).ThePWGcomprisedof30journalismacademics,eitherheadsofjournalismprogrammesorcoursecoordinators,from16Australianuniversitiesthateitherofficiallyoffercapstoneunitsorelserununitsthatcouldbeconsideredcapstones.ThePRTcomprisedof3lecturerswhohavereceivedOLTcitations(andOLTgrants),fromjournalismprogrammesinNewSouthWalesandVictoria—wherethemajorityofjournalismprogrammesareconcentrated.Thisemphasiswastoensurebalanceandcomparabilitynationally.TheEFTcomprisedof3respectiveexpertsingraduateoutcomesandcapabilities;standardsassessmentandvalidation;andcapstoneunitsdesignanddevelopment.ThePVGcomprisedof5journalismacademicsfromMelbourneuniversities,whowereconsideredrepresentativeofthediverserangeofthejournalismacademicsinAustralia,especiallyintermsofageandthetimespentworkingasjournalists,teachersorboth.
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Phase1(Jul–Dec2015)involvedconsultation.Face-to-facesemi-structuredinterviewswereconductedwiththePWG,toascertaineachuniversity’sundergraduatejournalismcurriculumandtheaims,criteria,strategies,standardsandassessmentsoftheirrespectivecapstoneunits.Thisphasealsoinvolvedindustryconsultation,toseektheirviewsonthecriticalgraduatecapabilitiesthatshouldbedemonstratedandmeasuredinacapstoneunit.
Phase2(Jan–Aug2016)involvedvalidation.ThePVGmetattheVictoriaStateLibrary,withthefollowingagenda:
• TodiscussthefeedbackandfindingsonjournalismcapstoneunitsascollectedinPhase1;
• Todiscussandidentify—inthecontextoftheAustralianQualificationFrameworklevel7criteria—theskillsandknowledgerequiredbystudentstosuccessfullycompleteacapstoneunit;and
• Toexaminevariousmodelsofcapstoneunitsandidentifypossiblemodel(s)appropriatetojournalismcoursesinAustralianuniversities.
Phase3(Sep2016–Jan2017)involveddissemination.Thisincludedtheproductionofpeer-reviewedpublications,participationinjournalismeducationconferences,continualengagementwithprofessionalbodiessuchastheJournalismEducationandResearchAssociationofAustralia(JERAA)andWorldJournalismEducationCongress(WJEC),andproductionofaFellowshipwebsite(www.journalismcapstoneunits.org).
Fellowshipfindings
Therewasgeneralagreementthatajournalismcapstoneunitshould:• resultinapublishableoutcome;• provideanopportunitytodemonstratecorejournalismskills;and• bestudent-centred,requirestudentstoarticulatewhattheywantedtoachieve,and
howtheyproposedtoachieveit.
ThePVGarrivedat6principlesforthejournalismcapstoneunit:• Transition:Assiststudentstodevelopasenseofprofessionalidentityandsupport
themtomanagetheircareerplanninganddevelopment.• Integrationandclosure:Enablestudentstoattainasenseofcompletionandan
understandingofwhatitmeanstobeagraduateandaglobalcitizen.• Diversity:Enhancestudents’capacitytoengagewithdiversityinprofessional
contexts.• Engagement:Requirestudentstoassumeactiverolesandtoapplytheirlearningin
realistic,authenticandunfamiliarcontexts,andtotakeresponsibilityfortheirownwork.
• Assessment:Alignassessmentpracticetoagreedcapstoneprinciples.Askstudentstoreflectontheirowncapabilitiesandperformance.
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• Evaluation:Regularevaluationscontributetothedemonstrationofstudentattainmentofdisciplinelearningoutcomes.
• Skills:Identitycorepivotaljournalismskillsfordemonstrationandapplication—writing,story-telling,digitalbroadcastcompetenciesacrossallplatforms,professionalpublishablecontent,producingtodeadlineandreflectiveanalysis.
Therewerefoundtobethreemodelsofjournalismcapstoneunitscurrentlyused,eitherinunisonorconjunction,withinAustralianuniversities:
• internships(ProfessionalIndustryPlacements);• newsroomsimulationsorotherin-houseauthenticlearningexperiences,suchas
publishinginaweb-basedpaper/journal;and• projects.
ThePVGthoughtthateachofthesethreemodelshadvalueandshouldberetained,nominallyasCapstone1,Capstone2andCapstone3.
AnagreedlistofskillsforjournalismcapstoneunitswaspresentedtoJERAAforacceptance.
ImpactoftheFellowship
ThisFellowshiphasassistedthe(re)designofjournalismcapstoneunitstoalignwiththegovernment’sAQFlevel7standardsforBachelordegrees.Australianjournalismgraduatesarenowenabledtodemonstrate,tobotheducatorsandemployers,thattheyhaveacquiredagreedskillsandcompetenciesforemploymentinawholerangeofdigitalmediaandcommunicationsindustries.NewseditorswhoparticipatedinPhase1,withcriticalinputontheagreedgraduateskillsandcapabilitiesneededfortheindustry,weresubsequentlypresentedwiththefinaljournalismcapstonemodelandencouragedtoenterintoaprocessofindustryaccreditationwiththoseuniversitieswhoadoptthenewcapstone.
Keyrecommendations
On17December2016,theFellowship’sresearchoutcomesandrecommendations—theagreedprinciples,models,standardsandskills—wereacceptedbytheExecutiveofJERAAforuseinjournalismprogrammesinAustralianuniversities.TheFellowship’sfindingshavebeencirculatedtoallAustralianuniversitiesthatofferjournalismprogrammes,andtheirrespectivejournalismcapstoneunitsarebeing(re)designedandimplementedfrom2017onwards.FollowingtheFellowship,fromMarchtoJune2017,workshopswillbeconductedtosupportjournalismeducatorsinthe(re)designoftheircapstoneunits.Amonitorgroup(comprisedofmembersfromtheWPGandtheEFT)willtrackhowmanyjournalismprogrammesembedthecapstoneandelicitgraduatefeedback,toinformcontinualimprovement.ThiscommunityofpracticewillenablejournalismcapstonedevelopmenttocontinuebeyondthisFellowship,asthevariousunitsareimplementedandtheoutcomesarepeer-reviewed.
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Tableofcontents
Acknowledgements..................................................................................................................3
Listofacronymsused...............................................................................................................4
Executivesummary..................................................................................................................6
Fellowshipcontext...............................................................................................................6
AimsoftheFellowship.........................................................................................................6
Fellowshipapproach............................................................................................................6
Fellowshipfindings...............................................................................................................7
ImpactoftheFellowship......................................................................................................8
Keyrecommendations.........................................................................................................8
Tableofcontents.....................................................................................................................9
Tablesandfigures..................................................................................................................12
Tables.................................................................................................................................12
Chapter1:TheFellowshipcontext.........................................................................................13
1.1 Thekeyissue...........................................................................................................13
1.2 TheFellowshipaims................................................................................................13
1.2.1 Measuringgraduateskillsandcapabilities.......................................................13
1.2.2 Fosteringnationalcollaborationandcollegialnetworking..............................14
1.2.3 Ensuringbroadapplicability.............................................................................15
1.2.4 Showingleadershipinlearningandteaching...................................................15
1.2.5 BuildingonpreviousOLTprojects....................................................................15
1.3 Therationaleforjournalismcapstoneunitreform.................................................16
1.3.1 Enhancinggraduateemployability...................................................................16
1.3.1 Addressingtheissueofmeasuringgraduatecapabilities................................17
1.3.2 AddressingtheproblemwithProfessionalIndustryPlacements(PIPs)...........17
1.3.3 Increasingtheconsultationofjournalismeducatorswithindustry.................18
1.3.5 Embeddingnewcapabilities:beingenterprisingandentrepreneurial............18
1.3.6 Drawingonexistingjournalismcapstoneunits................................................19
1.3.7 Tailoringthejournalismcapstoneunit.............................................................20
Chapter2:TheFellowshipapproachandactivities...............................................................21
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2.1 Stakeholderengagement........................................................................................21
2.1.1 TheProjectWorkingGroup(PWG)......................................................................21
2.1.2 TheProjectReferenceTeam(PRT)......................................................................21
2.1.3 TheExpertFellowshipTeam(EFT).......................................................................22
2.1.4 TheProjectValidationGroup(PVG).....................................................................22
2.2 Phase1(Jul-Dec2015):Consultation....................................................................22
2.3 Phase2(Jan-Aug2016):Validation.......................................................................24
2.4 Phase3(Sep2016-Jan2017):Dissemination........................................................24
2.4.1 TheFellowshipwebsite....................................................................................24
2.4.2 Peer-reviewedpublications..............................................................................24
2.4.3 Nationalandinternationalmediaandcommunicationconferencepapers....25
2.4.4 Researchpanelsatnationaleducationconferences:.......................................25
Chapter3:TheFellowshipfindingsandoutputs....................................................................27
3.1 Findingsfromtheinterviewquestions....................................................................27
3.1.1 Whatdoyouunderstandbytheterm‘capstoneunit’?...................................27
3.1.2 Whattypeofcapstoneunitsdoyouuse?........................................................27
3.1.3 Whatweretheunderlyingprinciplesforthecapstoneunits?.........................28
3.1.4 Whatdisciplinaryandprofessionalskillsdostudentsneedtodemonstrate?.28
3.2 Agreedaimsofjournalismcapstoneunits..............................................................29
3.3 Agreedprinciplesforjournalismcapstoneunits.....................................................29
3.4 Agreedmodelsofjournalismcapstoneunits..........................................................30
3.5 Agreedlistofskillstodemonstrate.........................................................................31
3.6 Challenges................................................................................................................31
3.7 Successfactors.........................................................................................................31
3.7.1 Industrycollaboration......................................................................................31
3.7.2 JERAAsupport..................................................................................................32
Chapter4:TheFellowshipimpactandevaluation.................................................................33
4.1 Impact......................................................................................................................33
4.1.1 Teammembers................................................................................................33
4.1.2 Immediatestudents.........................................................................................33
4.1.3 Spreadingtheword..........................................................................................33
4.1.4 Narrowopportunisticadoption........................................................................33
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4.1.5 Narrowsystemicadoption...............................................................................34
4.1.6 Broadopportunisticadoption..........................................................................34
4.1.7 Broadsystemicadoption..................................................................................34
4.2 Externalevaluation..................................................................................................34
4.3 Conclusion...............................................................................................................34
References.............................................................................................................................35
AppendixA.............................................................................................................................38
CertificationbyDeputyVice-Chancellor............................................................................38
AppendixB.............................................................................................................................39
Listofagreedskillsforjournalismcapstoneunits.............................................................39
AppendixC.............................................................................................................................40
ExternalEvaluator’sreport................................................................................................40
AppendixD.............................................................................................................................41
JERAAletterofendorsement.............................................................................................41
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Tablesandfigures
TablesTable1.AQFLevel7criteria(AQF2013)................................................................................16
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Chapter1:TheFellowshipcontext
1.1 Thekeyissue
Thekeyissueisthelackofagreementofwhatskillsjournalismgraduatesneed,andhowthesecanbedemonstratedandassured.Todevelopsharedunderstandingsofthemostappropriatelearningandteachingapproachesandidentityeffectivemeasuresofgraduatecapabilitiesforthedevelopmentofacapstoneunit,industryandhighereducationprovidersneedtoworkinpartnershiptosupportpositiveoutcomesforjournalismgraduatesandtheirinstitutions.
1.2 TheFellowshipaims
ThisFellowshipaimedtoproduceagreedgraduateoutcomes,principlesandbestpracticetoinformthedevelopmentofjournalismcapstoneunitsforuseamongAustralianuniversitiesthatofferundergraduatejournalismdegreesandmajors.
Italsoaimedtofacilitateimprovedcollaborationwithindustrytoensureuniversitiesfullyunderstandtheneedsofindustrythroughcloseinteractionswithnewseditors.
TheseaimsaligndirectlywithfivekeyaimsoftheDETFellowshipschemeatlarge:• measuringgraduateskillsandcapabilities;• fosteringnationalcollaborationandcollegialnetworking;• ensuringbroadapplicability;• showingleadershipinlearningandteaching;and• buildingonpreviousOLTprojects.
Thesegreateraimsareidentifiedassignificantissuesrelevantacrossthehighereducationsystem.
1.2.1 Measuringgraduateskillsandcapabilities
Currently,itisdifficultfornewseditorstomeasureaskillsetfromagraduate’sjournalismdegreeormajor,andforgraduatestodemonstrateevidencethattheyhaveacquiredcompetenciesforemployment.Previousattemptstomeasurejournalismgraduatecapabilitieswerelinkedmoretoassessmentandlearningoutcomeswithanemphasisonacquiringratherthandemonstratingcapabilities.TherehasneverbeenaspecificnationalstrategyforthepromotionofmeasuringthecapabilitiesofgraduatejournalismstudentsintheAustralianuniversitysystem.Whileno-oneisproposingaunifiedtertiaryjournalismcurriculum,thereisaneedtoensureconsistencyacrosscourseofferings.
AsurveyofAustralia’sundergraduatejournalismdegreesandmajorsasofferedat29(outofatotal39)universitiesrevealedthattherewasawidediversityofunitsonoffer(17inall)andconsiderablediscrepanciesinstructure,content,emphasisanddelivery(Tanner,
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O’Donnell,Green&Cullen2014).Somecoursesfocusontheory-basedunits,whileothersfocusonpracticalskills-buildingunits.Ofthose29Australianuniversitiesofferingundergraduatejournalismcourses,only7universitiesofficiallyuseatleastonejournalismcapstoneunitintheirprogramme,whileothersrununitsthatcouldbeidentifiedascapstones.Thesetoovaryincontent,deliveryandlearningoutcomes.SomejournalismcapstonesoptforresearchprojectswhileothersofferProfessionalIndustryPlacements(PIPs)oraselectionfromalistofcoreunits.Hence,itisdifficulttodefineexactlywhatajournalismcapstoneunitisfromwhatiscurrentlyonoffer.Andthereremainsthebasicissueofhowtomeasuregraduatecapabilities.
Inatertiaryjournalismcurriculum,theremustbeawaytoidentifytheminimumstandardsandtestcapabilitiestobemetbyagraduatefromaBachelorleveldegreeorenrolledinamajorinthefieldofjournalism.Thiswaspartiallyattemptedin2011withaSpecialInitiativeOLTGrantentitledDisciplineNetwork:Journalism,MediaandCommunicationNetwork(Breit,Romano,O’Donnell&McLellan2015).OneaimofthatstudywastodevelopsystemicdisciplinestandardsforundergraduateandpostgraduatecoursesinAustraliathatencompassedjournalism,publicrelations,mediaandcommunicationstudies,andtherebyprovidesomeformofbenchmarkingacrosstheuniversitiesinAustralia.Whilethiswasanimportantaim,theoutcomewasdifficulttoachievebecauseoftheimmensevarietyofviewsfromeducatorsacrossthethreedisciplines,andthelackofdisciplinaryguidelineswithwhichtomeasurestandards.TeachingLearningOutcomes(TLOs)providesomeguidancebutdonotdefinethecontent,teachingandlearningapproachesusedtoachieveoutcomes(Romano2014).ThislackofspecificityissupportedbythefindingsofanotherOLTprojectongraduateoutcomes:
Whilemanysuchlistsarenowavailableasexternalreferencepointsfordevelopingstatementsofoutcomes,regardlessofthe‘outcomes’includedonthelist,evidenceofthestandardoftheirachievementrequiresassessmentofstudents’(orgraduates’)abilities(Barrie,Hughes,Crisp&Bennison2014).
ThisFellowshipusedacollaborativeapproachtobuildontheseefforts,butwithamorefocused,practicalandachievableaim—todeliveraseriesofagreedcriteria,strategiesandstandardstoguideteachersinthe(re)designandimplementationofafinal-yearjournalismcapstoneunitthatmeasuresgraduateskillsandcapabilitiesmoreeffectively.
1.2.2 Fosteringnationalcollaborationandcollegialnetworking
ThisFellowshipfosterednationalcollaborationandcollegialnetworkingthroughitswidestakeholderconsultation.Educators,editors,reviewers—andindustry(whoareoftenoverlookedasimportantstakeholders)—wereengagedandofferedinputintowhatthegraduatecapabilitiesmightbeandwhatstandardsweredeemedappropriate.
Industry’sparticipationinthediscussionandconsultationprocessofthisFellowshiphadtwobeneficialimpacts:improvingthe‘distant’relationshipbetweenacademicsandindustry(Cullen,Tanner,Green&O’Donnell2014);andrevitalisingtheprocessofindustry
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accreditationforjournalismprogrammesinAustralia,whichiscurrentlyatastandstill.Universitiesthatembedthecapstoneintotheirjournalismprogrammeswillbeinastrongerpositiontodemonstrategraduateskillsandcapabilities,andwilltherebyencourageindustrytoaccredittheirprogramme.
ThisFellowshipnotonlycultivatedpartnershipsattheinstitutionallevel,butalsodevelopedwidereducationalpartnershipswiththeHigherEducationResearchandDevelopmentSocietyofAustralasia(HERDSA),theWorldJournalismEducationCongress(WJEC),theMediaEntertainmentArtsAlliance(MEAA)andtheJournalismEducationandResearchAssociationofAustralia(JERAA).Themajorityofeducatorsfromthe29AustralianuniversitiesthatofferjournalismprogrammesattendtheJERAAannualnationalconference,makingitapractical,proactiveandeffectivedisseminationstrategyforthisFellowship.
1.2.3 Ensuringbroadapplicability
Thisjournalismcapstoneunitcouldbecomeamodelforotherdisciplinessuchaspublicrelationsandadvertising,especiallysincecommunication,socialanddigitalmediacapabilitiesarebecomingincreasinglypartoftherequiredskillsetforthesedisciplines.
1.2.4 Showingleadershipinlearningandteaching
Currently,itisdifficulttodefineexactlywhatajournalismcapstoneunitis.ThisFellowshipshowedleadershipinlearningandteachingbybeingthefirsttoofferapracticalsolution.Itprovidesaseriesofcriteria,strategiesandstandardstoguideteachersinthe(re)designandimplementationofajournalismcapstoneunitfortheircontext.
1.2.5 BuildingonpreviousOLTprojects
ThisFellowshipdrewupon,andaddedto,thefindingsof:• the2013OLTNationalSeniorTeachingFellowshipentitledCapstonecurriculum
acrossdisciplines:Synthesisingtheory,practiceandpolicytoprovidepracticaltoolsforcurriculumdesign(Lee2015b);
• the2011SpecialInitiativeOLTGrantentitledDisciplineNetwork:Journalism,MediaandCommunicationNetwork(Breit,Romano,O’Donnell&McLellan2015);
• the2011OLTFellowshipentitledAssuringgraduatecapabilities:evidencinglevelsofachievementforgraduateemployability(Oliver2015);
• the2011OLTInnovationandDevelopmentGrantentitledGraduatequalitiesandjournalism-curriculumrenewal:Balancingtertiaryexpectationsandindustryneedsinachangingenvironment(Tanner,O’Donnell,Green&Cullen2014);
• the2011OLTGrantentitledAssessingtheimpactofwork-integratedlearning(WIL)onstudentworkreadiness(Ferns,Smith&Russell2014);
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• the2010OLTGrantentitledAssessingandassuringAustraliangraduatelearningoutcomes:Principlesandpracticeswithinandacrossdisciplines(Barrie,Hughes,Crisp&Bennison2014);
• the2010OLTGrantentitledCapstonecoursesinundergraduatebusinessdegrees(Baileyetal.2013);
• the2009OLTFellowshipentitledImprovinggraduateemployabilitybyimplementingsubjectbenchmarks(Beck2014);and
• the2009OLTFellowshipentitledCurriculumandpedagogicbasesforeffectivelyintegratingpractice-basedexperiences(Billett2011).
1.3 Therationaleforjournalismcapstoneunitreform
JournalismcapstoneunitsarearelativelyrecentdevelopmentinAustralianjournalismeducation.Universitiesincreasinglyoffercapstonesaspartofcurriculatopreparefinal-yearundergraduatesforemploymentandbridgethegapbetweenacademiclearningandprofessionalwork.Journalismcapstoneunitsmayenhancegraduateemployability,addresstheissueofmeasuringgraduatecapabilities,addresstheproblemwithProfessionalIndustryPlacements(PIPs),andincreasetheconsultationofjournalismeducatorswithindustry.
1.3.1 Enhancinggraduateemployability
AmajorfactorinfluencingthegrowingemphasisoftheAustralianhighereducationsystemoncapstoneunitsisthegovernment’sincreasingfocusonenhancinggraduateemployabilityandassuringgraduateoutcomes.TheAustralianQualificationFramework(AQF)definestheskillsandknowledgethatAustralianuniversitygraduatesshouldachievewhentheycompleteaLevel7qualification(i.e.aBachelor’sdegree);refertoTable1.HighereducationprovidersarelegislativelyboundbytheAQF.Furthermore,theTertiaryEducationQualityStandardsAgency(TEQSA)willapplyThresholdandQualificationStandardswhendecidingwhethertograntregistrationorrenewaprovider’sregistrationortoaccreditcourses.ItisthusfittingtoframejournalismcapstoneunitswithinthecontextoftheAQFLevel7criteria.
Table1.AQFLevel7criteria(AQF2013).Summary Graduatesatthislevelwillhavebroadandcoherentknowledgeandskills
forprofessionalworkand/orfurtherlearning.Knowledge Graduatesatthislevelwillhavebroadandcoherenttheoreticaland
technicalknowledgewithdepthinoneormoredisciplinesorareasofpractice.
Skills Graduatesatthislevelwillhavewell-developedcognitive,technicalandcommunicationskillstoselectandapplymethodsandtechnologiesto:•analyseandevaluateinformationtocompletearangeofactivities;•analyse,generateandtransmitsolutionstounpredictableandsometimescomplexproblems;•transmitknowledge,skillsandideastoothers.
Applicationof Graduatesatthislevelwillapplyknowledgeandskillstodemonstrate
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skillsandknowledge
autonomy,well-developedjudgementandresponsibilityincontextsthatrequireself-directedworkandlearningwithinbroadparameterstoprovidespecialistadviceandfunctions.
Morethantwo-thirdsofthe29Australianuniversitiesthatofferundergraduatejournalismdegreesclearlylinkedtheircoursewithacareerasajournalistintheirpromotionalmaterial,asifthecoursewasatickettoemployment(Cullen&Callaghan2010,126).Ananalysisofthesamepromotionalmaterialin2012revealedthatlittlehadchanged(Cullen2012).Thereisagreementthat,ifeffectivelydesigned,capstoneunitscanimprovestudents’learningandexperience,andenhancegraduateemployability(Lee2015b).
1.3.1 Addressingtheissueofmeasuringgraduatecapabilities
AresearchpaperpresentedatthefirstJourNetinternationalconferenceonProfessionalEducationfortheMediain2004describedjournalismeducationinAustraliaasfragmented.
TAFEs,privateinstitutionsanduniversitiesprovideanunpredictablemixtureofcraftskillsandprofessionalconcepts,rangingfromtheintenselypracticaltotheabstractionsofcommunication,mediaandculturalstudies.Cadetshipsrangefromsourcesofcheaplabourtopedagogicalexcellence.ThereisthereforenoguaranteethatAustralianjournalistsaretrainedandeducatedfortheirroleasdisseminatorsofaccurateinformationandinformedopinion.Forjournalismtobenefitsociety,journalismeducationneedstomovetowardsamoreformalagreementbetweenthenewsindustryandtheacademyonadesirablejournalismcurriculum(JourNet2004).
TheissueofmeasuringgraduatecapabilitiesinjournalismeducationinAustraliahasbeendebated,andunresolved,forwelloveradecade.
1.3.2 AddressingtheproblemwithProfessionalIndustryPlacements(PIPs)
The2011OLTInnovationandDevelopmentGrantincludedinterviews(conductedin2012and2013)with50tertiaryjournalismeducatorsand50newseditorsacrossAustralia.Therewasbroadagreementamongtheeducatorsthatjournalismeducationshouldaimtoachievethreekeyoutcomes:buildabroadknowledgebase;developresearchandanalyticalskills;andteachcoremediaandcommunicationskills(Tanner,O’Donnell,Green&Cullen2014).However,intermsofthelastoutcome,therewasacommonviewthatProfessionalIndustryPlacements(PIPs)wereproblematicfortestinggraduatecapabilitiesasnotonlyweretheydecreasinginnumber,butstudentsenrolledinPIPsdidnotnecessarilyhavetherequiredskillsandoftenendedupperformingmenialtasksinthenewsroom(Tanner,O’Donnell,Green&Cullen2014).MostoftheinterviewednewseditorsrevealedthattheyperceivedgraduatestudentsenrolledinaPIPasbeinggenerallycompetentwithdigitalmedia,butoftenlackinginbasicgeneralknowledge,essentialnewswritingandgrammarskills(Tanner,O’Donnell,Green&Cullen2014).
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Infact,aPIPoftenexposed,ratherthanimprovedupon,agraduate’slackofability.Furthermore,editorsandjournalistsareoftenfartoobusytoinstruct,monitororassesstheirworkpracticeskills.Billett’sOLTFellowshipstressedtheneedtobeclearaboutwhatneedstobelearntandtoconsideroptionsotherthansupervisedplacementstosecureintendededucationalpurposes(2011,20).WhilePIPsareuseful,theycanalsobeproblematicinthattheydonotprovideanadequatemeasurementofgraduatecapabilities,andtheypresumethatgraduateshaveactuallyacquiredacertainlevelofcapability.Theycouldformpartofajournalismcapstoneunit,butonlyasoneofanumberofothermeasurementactivities.
1.3.3 Increasingtheconsultationofjournalismeducatorswithindustry
Anotherissuepromptingjournalismcapstoneunitreformconcernsthelackofconsultationofjournalismeducatorswithindustry.Thiswasevidentinthefindingsoftheaforementioned2011OLTInnovationandDevelopmentGrant,whichinvolvedinterviewswith50newseditorsacrossAustralia.Thesekeyindustryemployerswerechosenastheyroutinelyselectandemploygraduatejournalists.However,themajorityofeditorshadlittletonoknowledgeofthejournalismdegreesormajors,evenwithintheirhomestates.ThismightexplainwhytheAustraliantertiaryjournalismcoursesarenotofficiallyaccreditedbyindustry,witheditorspreferringtointeractwithknownindividualsratherthaninstitutions.ThisFellowshipreinvigoratedthedebateastowhetheralljournalismeducationprogrammesshouldbeaccreditedbyindustry,whileseekingtoestablishaccreditationforprogrammesthatembedthejournalismcapstoneunit.
Encouragingly,the50academicsand50newseditorswhowereinterviewedforthe2011OLTInnovationandDevelopmentGrantwereinagreementthatindustryanduniversitiesneededtoworkmorecloselytogether,withabeliefthatindustrycouldhavebroaderinputintoprogrammedesignandrevitalisationofthejournalismcurriculum(Tanner,O’Donnell,Green&Cullen2014).Thisideaisechoedina2011OLTGrantonWILimpact:“Industryanduniversitiesshouldcollaborateoncurriculumdevelopmentanddesign,supervisionofstudentsandfeedbackonassessment”(Ferns,Smith&Russell2014,8).Journalismandthemediaindustryhaveundergonemajorstructuralchangesduetotheintroductionofnewdigitaltechnologies.Thisrapidchangeisnotableinmanyindustriesbutisacuteinthemediasectorandthereforedemandsaparticularlyresponsiveandadaptablecurriculumforjournalismeducation.
1.3.5 Embeddingnewcapabilities:beingenterprisingandentrepreneurial
StClair(2015)pointstoacurrentchallenge:theever-changingworldofjournalismrequiresjournalismstudentstoacquireanddemonstratenewcapabilitiessuchasbeingenterprisingandentrepreneurial.
Theworldofjournalisminthedigitalageischangingfasterthanuniversitycurriculacankeepup.Newsisnowproducedinformsandonplatformsthat
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werenon-existent10yearsago.Journalistsmayincreasinglygeneratetheirownworkopportunitiesinentrepreneurialnewsoutletsandstart-ups,ratherthanasemployeesinlegacynewsprintandbroadcastmedia.Substantialworkforcecontractionhasalsooccurredsince2012asrevenueinprintandothertraditionalmediahasfoundnewhomesinsocialmediaandsearchengines,andover1000journalists(or15percentofthejournalismworkforce)weremaderedundant.Journalismgraduatesthereforeneedtobeflexible,innovativeandenterprisingtosurviveprofessionallyinthisevolvingsetting(StClair2015,122).
1.3.6 Drawingonexistingjournalismcapstoneunits
Asmentionedpreviously,itisdifficulttodefineexactlywhatajournalismcapstoneunitisfromwhatiscurrentlyonoffer.Judgingfromexistingcapstones,aninitiallistofcoreskillsthatajournalismcapstoneunitneedstomeasureincluded:research,writing,grammar,digitalandsocialmedia,video,communicationandteamskills.Yettherewasinconsistencyregardingtheinclusion,importanceandassessmentoftheseskills.
AtSwinburneUniversityofTechnology,thefinal-yearjournalismcapstoneunitisdividedintotwosections:CapstoneA–JOU30002andCapstoneB–JOU30003.ThedescriptionoflearningoutcomesforCapstoneA,whichinvolvesajournalismprojectandreflectiveessay,statethatthestudentswillgainexperience,completeajournalismprojectandreflectonethicalandlegalissuesconnectedwiththepracticeofjournalism.ThedescriptionoflearningoutcomesforCapstoneBissimilar,andthelearningoutcomesincludetheabilitytoidentifyaudiences,gainexperienceinbuildingaudiences,becomepartofaninternet-basedplatform,andreflectonjournalismpracticeincludingtheethical,legalandpracticalproblemsencountered.Thereisanabsenceoftermssuchas“measure”or“demonstrate”inrespecttocapabilities.“Should”ispreferredto“can”.
ItisasimilarstoryatMonashUniversity.Thefinal-yearjournalismunitisinfactaPIPunitwhereentrydependsonnegotiationwiththeunitcoordinator.Learningoutcomesareexpressedwithphraseslike“studentsshouldbeableto”.
AttheUniversityofCanberra,thejournalismcapstoneunitisbasicallyaPIP,butitistheonlyuniversitytostateinthelearningoutcomesthatstudents“willbeabletodemonstrateability”.Thisoffersconcretelearningoutcomesincontrasttothemoreoptimisticmodalverb“should”,whichcreatesanimpressionthatitismoreaspirationalthanactual.
AlloftheAustralianuniversitieswithexistingjournalismcapstoneunitsagreedtocollaborateinthisFellowship.Workingwiththeirrelevantacademics,thisFellowshipinvestigatedwhatsubstantivecomponentsneededtobeinajournalismcapstoneunitand—ratherthandesignastandardisedunit—offeredaseriesofcriteria,strategiesandstandardstoguideteachersinthe(re)designofajournalismcapstoneunittailoredtotheircontext.
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1.3.7 Tailoringthejournalismcapstoneunit
Arecentarticlein HigherEducationResearchandDevelopmentarguesthat“thereisaclearneedforthecapstoneexperiencetobetailoredsuitablytostudent(andworkplace)needs”(Thomas,Wong&Li2014,13).ThispointisreiteratedbyapreviousOLTNationalSeniorTeachingFellow,ProfessorNicoletteLee,whonotesthatwhilethecapstonecurriculumhasbecomeincreasinglyimportantinAustraliatoassessdisciplinestandardsandAustralianQualificationFramework(AQF)levels,thecapstonecurriculumisextraordinarilydiverseand“mustmeetanarrayofstudent,institutionalandsectorneeds,includingthresholdstandards”(Lee2015b).
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Chapter2:TheFellowshipapproachandactivities
2.1 StakeholderengagementAttheinceptionofthisFellowship,IestablishedaProjectWorkingGroup(PWG),aProjectReferenceTeam(PRT),anExpertFellowshipTeam(EFT)andaProjectValidationGroup(PVG).ProfessorRobynQuin,formerDeputyViceChancellor(Education)atCurtinUniversity,wasappointedtheexternalevaluatorforthisFellowship.
2.1.1TheProjectWorkingGroup(PWG)
ThePWGcomprisedof30journalismacademics,eitherheadsofjournalismprogrammesorcoursecoordinators,from16Australianuniversitiesthateitherofficiallyoffercapstoneunitsorelserununitsthatcouldbeconsideredcapstones,asfollows:
• SwinburneUniversityofTechnology;• MonashUniversity;• TheUniversityofMelbourne;• RMITUniversity;• UniversityofCanberra;• UniversityofSouthAustralia;• TheUniversityofSydney;• UniversityofWollongong;• TheUniversityofQueensland;• CurtinUniversity;• MurdochUniversity;• TheUniversityofNewcastle;• UniversityofTechnologySydney;• CharlesSturtUniversity;• QueenslandUniversityofTechnology;and• TheUniversityofAdelaide.
2.1.2TheProjectReferenceTeam(PRT)
The3membersofthePRTassistedthisFellowshipbyactingasindependentandobjectivecriticalfriends,reviewersandevaluatorsofthematerialsgeneratedwithintheproject.IchoselecturerswhohavereceivedOLTcitations(andOLTgrants),fromjournalismprogrammesinNewSouthWalesandVictoria—wherethemajorityofjournalismprogrammesareconcentrated.Thisemphasiswastoensurebalanceandcomparabilitynationally.ThePRTcomprisedasfollows:
• ProfessorStephenTanner,ProfessorofJournalism,UniversityofWollongong—formerJERAApresident,2008OLTCitationrecipientfortheengagementofmedia
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professionalsandlocalcommunityinongoingreview,implementationandrefinementofaresponsiveandcreativecurriculumforjournalismstudents;
• DrColleenMurrell,SeniorLecturerofJournalism,MonashUniversity&DeakinUniversity—2008OLTCitationrecipientforfundingcreativestudentlearningtoindustrybestpracticethroughthedesignofauthenticandengagingcurriculaandrelevantassessmenttasksinjournalism;and
• JennaPrice,SeniorLecturerofJournalism,UniversityofTechnologySydney—2013OLTCitationrecipientforasustainedcommitmenttoimprovingstudentretentionandengagementforjournalismstudentsfromdayonetoemployment.
2.1.3TheExpertFellowshipTeam(EFT)
The3membersoftheEFTassistedthisFellowshipbysharingtheirideasandexpertise.TheEFTcomprisedasfollows:
• ProfessorBeverleyOliver,DeakinUniversity—withexpertiseingraduateoutcomesandcapabilities;
• ProfessorHeatherAlexander,QueenslandUniversityofTechnology—withexpertiseinstandardsassessmentandvalidation;and
• ProfessorNicoletteLee,SwinburneUniversityofTechnology—withexpertiseincapstoneunitsdesignanddevelopment.
2.1.4TheProjectValidationGroup(PVG)
Toavoidextendingtheresearchprocesswithmoredatacollectionanddiscussions,IselectedjournalismacademicsfromfiveuniversitiesinMelbournewhowereconsideredrepresentativeofthediverserangeofthejournalismacademicsinAustralia,especiallyintermsofageandthetimespentworkingasjournalists,teachersorboth.ThePVGcomprisedasfollows:
• ProfessorLawrieZion,HeadofJournalism,LaTrobeUniversity;• AssociateProfessorJohnLidberg,HeadofJournalism,MonashUniversity;• AssociateProfessorAndrewDodd,HeadofJournalism,SwinburneUniversityof
Technology;• DrColleenMurrell,SeniorLecturerofJournalism,MonashUniversity&Deakin
University;and• DrAlexWake,SeniorLecturerofJournalism,RMITUniversity.
2.2 Phase1(Jul-Dec2015):Consultation
TheintentionofPhase1wastoconsultwiththeProjectWorkingGroup(PWG)andotherkeystakeholderstodevelopanagreedsetofgraduateattributesthatindustryexpectsfromjournalismgraduates,whichthecapstoneunitsoughttodemonstrateandassess.Idrewon
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theOLTFellowshipworkofProfessorBeverleyOliver,whohasdevelopedresourcesandactivitiesassociatedwiththefollowinggraduatecapabilities:
• Writtenandoralcommunication;• Criticalandanalytical(andsometimescreativeandreflective)thinking;• Problem-solving(includinggeneratingideasandinnovativesolutions);• Informationliteracy,oftenassociatedwithtechnology;• Learningandworkingindependently;• Learningandworkingcollaboratively;and• Ethicalandinclusiveengagementwithcommunities,culturesandnations(Oliver
2015).
Ibeganbyconductingface-to-faceinterviewswiththePWG.Thesemi-structuredinterviewsincluded,butwerenotlimitedto,thefollowingopen-endedquestions:
• Whatdoyouunderstandbytheterm‘capstoneunit’?• Whattypeofcapstoneunitsdoyouuse?• Whatweretheunderlyingprinciplesforthecapstoneunits?• Whatdisciplinaryandprofessionalskillsdostudentsneedtodemonstrate?
Eachparticipantsignedaconsentformbeforetheirinterview,whichlastedatleastonehour.Interviewswererecordedandlatertranscribed.Severalfollow-uptelephonecallsweremadetoobtainbothclarificationsandfurtherinformation.This‘audit’later,inPhase2,underwentavalidationprocessandinformedadiscussionpaper,wherebyIreviewedeachuniversity’sundergraduatejournalismcurriculumandtheaims,criteria,strategies,standardsandassessmentsoftheirrespectivecapstoneunits.
Ithenvisitednewspaper,broadcastandonlinenewseditorsinPerthandSydney—SydneyMorningHerald,TheConversation,Crikey,TheWestAustralian,AustralianBroadcastingCorporation(ABC)720,EdithCowanUniversityMedia—toseektheirviewsonthecriticalgraduatecapabilitiesthatshouldbedemonstratedandmeasuredinacapstoneunit.
IheldameetingwiththeProjectReferenceTeam(PRT)inlateOctober2015,todiscussfeedbackfromthePWGinterviews.IthenconsultedwitheachmemberoftheExpertFellowshipTeam(EFT)todiscusstheproject’sprogress.
IpresentedapaperonthisFellowshipataTeachingandLearningconferenceatEdithCowanUniversity,Joondalup,on4November2015.IpresentedaposteronthisFellowshipattheWestAustralianNetworkforDissemination(WAND)SharingDayattheUniversityofWesternAustraliaon6November2015.
Ithenorganisedandchaireda45-minuteQuestion-and-Answer(Q&A)paneldiscussion,andpresentedapeer-reviewedpaper,onjournalismcapstoneunitsattheannualJERAAconferenceatCharlesSturtUniversity,Bathurst,1-5December2015(Cullen2015).
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2.3 Phase2(Jan-Aug2016):Validation
Iorganisedaone-dayworkshoponjournalismcapstoneunitsattheUniversityofWesternAustraliaon1February2016,withjournalismeducatorsfromfourPerth-baseduniversities:EdithCowanUniversity,MurdochUniversity,CurtinUniversityandNotreDameUniversity.Interestingly,noneoftheseuniversitiesusedtheterm‘capstone’intheirjournalismcourses.TheparticipantswereaskedthesamefourquestionsasthePWGinthePhase1interviews,butthesessionwasconductedasanopenforumratherthanasquestionsdirectedatindividualinstitutions.Theseuniversitieswerethenpairedupandinvitedtotrialthedevelopmentofanewcapstoneunitfortheirjournalismcourses.Byworkinginpairs,theteamscollaboratedtodevelopamutuallyagreeableunit,whichwouldthenbepeer-reviewedinitsimplementationandbenchmarked.Thejournalismcapstoneunitwastobeembeddedintheirjournalismprogrammesfrom2017onwards.
InlateJune2016,IcirculatedthefirstdraftofadiscussionpapertitledJournalismcapstoneunitsinAustralianuniversities toalloftheFellowshipstakeholdersforfeedback.Itincludedfindingsandexamplesofbest-practicebasedontheface-to-faceinterviewsconductedinPhase1.
On27August2016,ProfessorRobynQuinandIfacilitatedameetingoftheProjectValidationGroup(PVG)attheVictoriaStateLibrary,withthefollowingagenda:
• TodiscussthefeedbackandfindingsonjournalismcapstoneunitsascollectedinPhase1;
• Todiscussandidentify—inthecontextoftheAQFlevel7criteria—theskillsandknowledgerequiredbystudentstosuccessfullycompleteacapstoneunit;and
• Toexaminevariousmodelsofcapstoneunitsandidentifypossiblemodel(s)appropriatetojournalismcoursesinAustralianuniversities.
ProfessorBrendaCherednichenko,ExecutiveDean(ArtsandEducation)atDeakinUniversity,wasalsoinvitedtotheproceedings.
2.4 Phase3(Sep2016-Jan2017):Dissemination
2.4.1 TheFellowshipwebsite
IdevelopedtheFellowshipwebsite,www.journalismcapstoneunits.org,toshowcasethejournalismcapstoneunitresources.Itwillremainliveforatleastfiveyears.
2.4.2 Peer-reviewedpublications
OverthecourseoftheFellowship,Iachievedthreepeer-reviewedpublications—inPacificJournalismReview(PJR),Journalism&MassCommunicationEducator(JMCE)andAsiaPacificMediaEducator(APME)respectively:
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• Cullen,T.(2017b)Journalismcapstoneunitsbasedonagreedprinciplesandstandards.PacificJournalismReview,(22)2,172-184
• Cullen,T.(2016a)Designingcapstoneunitsthatdemonstratestudentskills.JournalismandMassCommunicationEducator,71(3),360-370
• Cullen,T.(2015c)Acapstoneunitfortertiaryjournalismprogramsthataimstofacilitatethedemonstrationofgraduatecapabilities.AsiaPacificMediaEducator,25(2),297-304
2.4.3 Nationalandinternationalmediaandcommunicationconferencepapers
OverthecourseoftheFellowship,Ipresentedresearchpapersatfivenational/internationalmediaandcommunicationconferences,asfollows:
• Cullen,T.(2017a)Agreedprinciples,modelsandskillsforcapstoneunits.ResearchpaperpresentedattheFirstWorldSummitofNationalTeachingFellows,RadissonBluHotel,Birmingham,England,19thFebruary
• Cullen,T.(2016b)Journalismcapstoneunitsthatdemonstratekeyresearch,communicationandentrepreneurialskillsfornewmediajobsandmarkets.ResearchpaperpresentedattheInternationalAssociationforMediaandCommunicationResearch(IAMCR),LeicesterUniversity,England,29thJuly
• Cullen,T.(2016c)Journalismcapstoneunitsbasedonagreedprinciplesandstandards.ResearchpaperpresentedattheWorldJournalismEducationCongress(WJEC),AucklandUniversityofTechnology,Auckland,NewZealand,16thJuly
• CullenT.(2016d)Anoverviewoftertiaryjournalismcapstoneunitsandtheneedforagreedprinciplesandstandards.ResearchpaperpresentedattheHigherEducationResearchandDevelopmentSocietyofAustralasia(HERDSA)conference,EsplanadeHotel,Fremantle,Australia,7thJuly
• Cullen,T.(2015b)Capstoneunitsandwaystodemonstrateacquiredknowledgeandskills.ResearchpaperpresentedattheTeachingandLearningconference,EdithCowanUniversity,Joondalup,Australia,4thNovember
2.4.4 Researchpanelsatnationaleducationconferences:
OverthecourseoftheFellowship,Ideliveredresearchpapersasapanelmemberattwonationaleducationconferences,asfollows:
• Cullen,T.(2016e)Whywehaven’tfinishedwithemployability.ResearchpaperdeliveredasapanelmemberattheHigherEducationResearchandDevelopmentSocietyofAustralasia(HERDSA)conference,EsplanadeHotel,Fremantle,Australia,6thJuly
• Cullen,T.(2015a)Acapstoneunitforjournalismprogramstofacilitatethedemonstrationofgraduatecapabilities.Researchpaperdeliveredasapanelmember
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attheJournalismEducationandResearchAssociationofAustralia(JERAA)conference,CharlesSturtUniversity,Bathurst,Australia,2ndDecember
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Chapter3:TheFellowshipfindingsandoutputs
3.1 Findingsfromtheinterviewquestions
3.1.1 Whatdoyouunderstandbytheterm‘capstoneunit’?
Generally,theintervieweessaidthataprimeaimofthecapstoneunitwastoimprovetheemployabilityofthestudent.Thiswasoftenachievedthroughtheuseofaportfoliothatshowedvariousskillssuchaswritten,audio,visual,photographic,onlineandsocialmediaskills.Anotherwidelysupportedviewwasthatacapstoneunitshouldbeathird-yearunit,andthatitshouldenablestudentstodemonstratetheskillstheyhadacquiredoverathree-yearjournalismcourse.Commonphrasesusedtodescribeacapstoneunitincluded:“bringingtogetherofskillsandknowledgeacquiredoverathreeyearperiod”,“afullstopontheircourse”,“athrowbacktothefuture”,“roundingofftheirdegree”and“makingsuretheyarejobready”.Thesedescriptionsandunderstandingsresonatewiththeviewsofseveralprominentresearchersinthefieldofcapstoneresearch,suchasLee(2015b)whoemphasisestransitionandindependence,andMcNamaraetal.(2012)whohighlighttheaspectoflookingbackandalsoforward:
[...]anopportunityforfinalyearstudentstobothlookbackontheirundergraduatestudyinanefforttomakesenseofwhattheyhaveaccomplished,andtolookforwardtoaprofessionalexistencewheretheycanbuildonthatfoundation.Itisduringthecapstoneexperiencethatstudentscompletethetransitionfromtheirprimarilystudentidentitytoembracethebeginningoftheirprofessionalidentity(McNamaraetal.2012).
3.1.2 Whattypeofcapstoneunitsdoyouuse?
Lee(2015b)identifiessixcommoncapstonemodelsusedacrossdisciplines:• Externally-orientedprojects;• Academicinquiryprojects;• Practice-orientedsimulations;• Practice-basedconsultancies;• Task-orientedsimulations;and• Professionalplacements.
Theinterviewsrevealedthattherewerethreetypesofthird-yearcapstoneunitsinuse:internships,newsroomsimulationsandprojects;thatis,professionalplacements,practice-orientedsimulationsandexternally-orientedprojects,tousethenomenclatureofLee(2015b).Theeducatorsusedatleastone,andoftentwoorthree,capstoneunittypesforeachoftheirrespectivejournalismcourses.
Internships(alsoreferredtoasProfessionalIndustryPlacements)werethemostpopular,followedbynewsroomsimulationsand,lastly,projects.Theinternshipusuallylastedfour
Journalismcapstoneunits 28
weeksfull-timeatamediaorganisation.Thisinvolvedconsultationwiththejournalismcoordinatoraboutthesuitabilityoftheplacement.Itwascommonpracticetoselecthighperformingstudentsratherthanthosewhowereaverageorstrugglingwiththecourse.Thenewsroomsimulationhelpedstudentstodemonstratewhattheyhadlearntduringtheirthree-yearundergraduatecourse.Partofthisincludedaportfolioofpublishedworkandachievements.Theprojectrequiredstudentstocoveraweek-longeventoralocalsocialorpoliticalissue.Studentswereexposedtoawiderangeofjournalisticskillssuchasinterviewing,writing,editingandkeepingproductiondeadlines.Criticalreflectionwasconsideredakeypartoftheproject.
Generally,theintervieweesweresatisfiedthatthebenefitsofacapstoneunitfaroutweighedthenegatives.Forexample,severaleducatorssaidthatthecapstoneunitsenabledstudentstoproduceportfoliosorshowreels,whicharenowbasicrequirementswhenstudentsapplyforjobsatmediaorganisations.Othersdescribedhowtheirstudents,especiallyintheinternshipandnewsroomsimulationcapstoneunits,hadstartedtothinkandactlikejournalistsandhowtheydevelopedaconfidentandprofessionalapproachtotheirwork.Theycouldalsoidentifygapsintheirlearning.Onthenegativeside,theuniversitytimetableoftenlackedtheflexibilitytocaterforanintensivevocationalcourse,andonlyRMITUniversitywasabletostructureitsnewsroomsimulationunitintoawholeday,onceaweek.Weakstudentsstruggledwithinternships,asindustrywaskeentoemployhighlymotivated,intelligentanddeterminedstudents.
3.1.3 Whatweretheunderlyingprinciplesforthecapstoneunits?
Theintervieweesstressedthefollowingfiveprinciplesforaneffectivejournalismcapstoneexperience,buttheydidnotratetheminorderofpreference:
• Transitiontoworkandprofessionalpractice;• Integrationandextensionofpriorlearning;• Authenticandcontextualisedexperiences;• Studentownershipandindependence;and• Continueddevelopmentofcriticalinquiryandcreativity.
TheseprinciplesshowclosesimilaritiestothelistofgeneralprinciplesthatLee(2015b)foundinherresearchoncapstonecurriculum.Shearguesthatgeneralprinciplesthatcaterfordiversecoursessuitawidevarietyofdisciplinarycapstoneunits.However,itmustbenotedthatnotalltheintervieweeswereinfullagreementwiththesefiveprinciples,andthereisaneedforfurtherdebateanddiscussiontoarriveatanagreedlist.
3.1.4 Whatdisciplinaryandprofessionalskillsdostudentsneedtodemonstrate?
Inbrief,theskillsrequiredbyjournalismstudentstosuccessfullypassthecapstoneunitweredividedintotwosections—disciplinaryandprofessional.
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Disciplinaryskills:
Disciplinaryskillsincludednewswriting,audio,online,television,photographic,video,editing,verification,anddigitaltechnicalskills.Also,thestudenthadtobeateamplayer,possessanextensivesocialmediapresence,researchandanalyticalskills,andanabilitytopublishacrossplatforms.Theyhadtobeabletogeneratestoryideasandcommunicateaccurately,vividlyandmemorably.Severaleducatorsaddedthattheabilitytogenerateandpitchideastoeditorswasessential,alongwithhighlycompetentinterviewskills.
Professionalskills:
Severalintervieweesspokeabouttheneedforethicalpractitionerswithasolidknowledgeofmedialaw,andforjournalismstudentstoseekthetruth,accuracy,balanceandfairnessinnewsreporting.Also,therewasacallforareflectiveandmindfulpractitionerwhocouldseetheconsequencesoftheirprofessionalwork.
Itisinterestingtonotethatthetwolists—disciplinaryandprofessionalskills—closelycorrespondtowhattheacademicsandnewseditorsrecommendedintheCullen(2014)study.Therewasbroadagreementamongbotheducatorsandnewseditorsthat,attheendoftheircourses,journalismstudentsshouldbeabletodemonstrateresearch,writing,grammar,digitalandsocialmedia,video,communicationandteamskills.Thetwolistsprovidewhatneedstobedemonstrated,buttherewasaninconsistencyregardingtheexactassessmentoftheseskills.‘Entrepreneurial’wasatermconstantlyrepeatedbytheinterviewees,withjournalistsincreasinglygeneratingworkopportunitiesastheworldofjournalismevolvesinthedigitalage.
3.2 Agreedaimsofjournalismcapstoneunits
ThisFellowshipinvolvedanextendeddiscussionastowhatwas,andshouldbe,thenatureofajournalismcapstoneunit.Atissuewaswhetherthecapstoneunitshouldbeprimarilyameansoflearningnewknowledgeandskillsor,whilestillalearningexperience,achanceforstudentstoapplytheirmasteryandsynthesisoftheknowledgeandskillsgainedoverthecourseoftheirdegreeormajorinjournalism.Therewasgeneralagreementthatajournalismcapstoneunitshould:
• resultinapublishableoutcome;• provideanopportunitytodemonstratecorejournalismskills;and• bestudent-centred,requirestudentstoarticulatewhattheywantedtoachieve,and
howtheyproposedtoachieveit.
3.3 Agreedprinciplesforjournalismcapstoneunits
TheProjectValidationGroupagreedonasetof7principles,withtheunderstandingthatprinciplesprovideaguidetothenatureanduniqueimportanceofthecapstoneexperienceinthestudentjourneytograduationandbeyond.Theseprinciplesweresimilartothe5
Journalismcapstoneunits 30
principlesmentionedduringPhase1interviewsbythemajorityofthe30journalismacademicscomprisingthePWG.However,itwasagreedthatthislistprovidesclearercontentanddirection.
Transition:Assiststudentstodevelopasenseofprofessionalidentityandsupportthemtomanagetheircareerplanninganddevelopment.
Integrationandclosure:Enablestudentstoattainasenseofcompletionandanunderstandingofwhatitmeanstobeagraduateandaglobalcitizen.
Diversity:Enhancestudents’capacitytoengagewithdiversityinprofessionalcontexts.
Engagement:Requirestudentstoassumeactiverolesandtoapplytheirlearninginrealistic,authenticandunfamiliarcontexts,andtotakeresponsibilityfortheirownwork.
Assessment:Alignassessmentpracticetoagreedcapstoneprinciples.Askstudentstoreflectontheirowncapabilitiesandperformance.
Evaluation:Regularevaluationscontributetothedemonstrationofstudentattainmentofdisciplinelearningoutcomes.
Skills:Identitycorepivotaljournalismskillsfordemonstrationandapplication—writing,story-telling,digitalbroadcastcompetenciesacrossallplatforms,professionalpublishablecontent,producingtodeadlineandreflectiveanalysis.
3.4 Agreedmodelsofjournalismcapstoneunits
Asmentionedearlier,therearethreemodelsofjournalismcapstoneunitscurrentlyusedwithinAustralianuniversities:
• internships(ProfessionalIndustryPlacements);• newsroomsimulationsorotherin-houseauthenticlearningexperiences,suchas
publishinginaweb-basedpaper/journal;and• projects.
TheProjectValidationGroupconsideredinternshipstobevaluable,butincreasinglydifficulttosecure,ofvariablequalityandnon-inclusive.Newsroomsimulationsofferedanauthenticlearningexperienceandanopportunitytodemonstratestrengths,yettheywereresourceintensive.Projectswereseentoofferscopeforplatform-neutralandacross-platform
Journalismcapstoneunits 31
journalismpractice,plustheopportunitytoengageinextendedresearchandanalysis.Theywerealsoameansbywhichstudentscoulddemonstratecourselearningoutcomes,knowledge,skillsandabilities.
Insummary,thePVGthoughtthateachofthethreemodelshadvalueandshouldberetained,perhapsasCapstone1,Capstone2andCapstone3.Therewasgeneralagreementthataprojectunitshouldbesupportedbyrigorousintendedlearningoutcomeswhich,whilenotoverlyrestrictingstudentchoiceoftopic,shouldensurethatunitoutcomeswerecomparableforallstudents.
3.5 Agreedlistofskillstodemonstrate
TherangeofskillssuggestedbythisFellowship’sProjectWorkingGroupandbythe50newseditorsinthe2014researchreportonindustryneedsandgraduateattributes(Cullen,Tanner,Green&O’Donnell)wasseenbytheProjectValidationGroupascomprehensive.Nonetheless,theybelievedthatstudentswouldnothavetodemonstrateeveryskill—writing,researchandanalysiswereconsideredthecoreskills.ThePVGnotedthattheessentialjournalismskillsshouldbeplatform-neutral.
Additionalsuggestionsforskillstobeaddedtothelistwere:• Audio(toreplacethemedium-specific‘radio’);• Advancedmedialiteracyskills;and• Knowledgeofthecontemporaryandemergingmedialandscape.
RefertoAppendixBforthelistofagreedskillsforjournalismcapstoneunits.ThislistwaspresentedtoJERAAforacceptance.
3.6 Challenges
Asmentionedearlier,notalloftheintervieweeswereinfullagreementwiththefiveprinciplesofajournalismcapstoneunit,andsothereisaneedforfurtherdebateanddiscussiontoarriveatanagreedlist.Alsounresolvedwaswhetheracapstoneunit,orindeedanyotherunitinthecourse,shouldnecessarilyincludeskillsdevelopmentrelatedtofutureemploymentoptions;forexample,freelanceoperations,start-upenterprises,contractnegotiationandfeesetting.Givenconcernsaboutacrowdedcurriculumandthevaryingpolicyrequirementsofthedifferentuniversities,thismatterisprobablybestlefttoindividualuniversitiestodecide.
3.7 Successfactors
3.7.1 Industrycollaboration
Industry’sparticipationinthediscussionandconsultationprocessofthisFellowshiphadtwobeneficialimpacts:improvingthe‘distant’relationshipbetweenacademicsandindustry
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(Tanner,O’Donnell,Green&Cullen2014);andrevitalisingtheprocessofindustryaccreditationforjournalismprogrammesinAustralia,whichiscurrentlyatastandstill.
3.7.2 JERAAsupport
JERAA’ssupport,andeventualendorsement,oftheFellowshiphasbeencriticaltoitssuccess.Themajorityofeducatorsfromthe29AustralianuniversitiesthatofferjournalismprogrammesattendtheJERAAannualnationalconference,makingitapractical,proactiveandeffectivedisseminationstrategyforthisFellowship.
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Chapter4:TheFellowshipimpactandevaluation
4.1 Impact
4.1.1 Teammembers
TheProjectWorkingGroup(PWG),ProjectReferenceTeam(PRT),ExpertFellowshipTeam(EFT),ProjectValidationGroup(PVG)andtheExternalEvaluatorwereconsultedthroughouttheFellowship,fromitsinception,andplayedanintegralroleinitsprogress.
FollowingthisFellowship,fromMarchtoJune2017,Iamconductingworkshopstosupportjournalismeducatorsinthe(re)designoftheircapstoneunits.Amonitorgroup(comprisedofmembersfromtheWPGandtheEFT)willtrackhowmanyjournalismprogrammesembedthecapstoneandelicitgraduatefeedback,toinformcontinualimprovement.ThiscommunityofpracticewillenablejournalismcapstonedevelopmenttocontinuebeyondthisFellowship,asthevariousunitsareimplementedandtheoutcomesarepeer-reviewed.
TheFellowshipwillseektohaveon-goingimpactthroughtheactivitiesoftheseparticipants.
4.1.2 Immediatestudents
DuringtheFellowship,apreliminarycapstonemodelwasdevelopedandtrialledinjournalismprogrammesinAustralia.Thevariouscapstoneunitswereembeddedinjournalismprogrammesbyfirstsemester2017and,bytheendofthatyear,finalyearstudentswillexperiencethebenefitsofaredesignedandnationallyimplementedcapstoneunitthatallowsthemtodemonstratetheirskillsandcapabilitiesmoreeffectively,therebyincreasingtheirchancesofemployabilityinarangeofcommunicationandmediaprofessions.Throughthesemeans,theimpactonstudentswillcontinuebeyondthelifeoftheFellowship,astheresourcescontinuetobeimplementedandrevised.
4.1.3 Spreadingtheword
TheFellowship’sdisseminationstrategieswerevastandmulti-dimensional.Theyincludedwideconsultationwitheducatorsandeditorsinallthreeprojectphases,productionofpeer-reviewedpublications,participationinjournalismeducationconferences,continualengagementwithprofessionalbodiessuchasJERAAandWJEC,andproductionofaFellowshipwebsite.
4.1.4 Narrowopportunisticadoption
MyinvolvementasanAustralianLearningandTeachingFellow(ALTF)hasenabledmetopartakeintheactivitiesandinteractwithotherFellowsonanongoingbasis.ThroughtheFellowswhohaveagreedtoworkwithme,IamabletosharetheoutcomesandoutputsoftheFellowshipatthevariousforumsandbecomepartoftheacademiccommunitythatis
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interestedinthisaspectofuniversitylearningandteaching.TheseactivitiesenableanimpactbeyondthelifeoftheFellowship.
4.1.5 Narrowsystemicadoption
OverthecourseofthisFellowship,thenumerousparticipatinguniversitieshavebeentriallingandadoptingthejournalismcapstoneunits,andembeddingthemintotheircurricula.Australianjournalismgraduatesarenowenabledtodemonstrate,tobotheducatorsandemployers,thattheyhaveacquiredagreedskillsandcompetenciesforemploymentinawholerangeofdigitalmediaandcommunicationsindustries,aligningwiththegovernment’sAQFlevel7standardsforBachelordegrees.
4.1.6 Broadopportunisticadoption
Newseditorsparticipatedinthefirstphaseoftheproject,withcriticalinputontheagreedgraduateskillsandcapabilitiesneededfortheindustry.Theyweresubsequentlypresentedwiththefinaljournalismcapstonemodelandencouragedtoenterintoaprocessofindustryaccreditationwiththoseuniversitieswhoadoptthenewcapstone.
4.1.7 Broadsystemicadoption
Thecapstonemodelwillalsobemadeavailabletootherdisciplines,suchaspublicrelationsandadvertising,especiallysincecommunication,socialanddigitalmediacapabilitiesarebecomingincreasinglypartoftherequiredskillsetforthesedisciplines.AftertheFellowship,aconferencepaperonitsoutcomesandthefinalmodelwillbedeliveredatthePublicRelationsInstituteofAustralia(PRIA)annualconferencein2017.Thesesystemicmeasuresbeyondparticipatinginstitutionswillpotentiallyleadtochangesforallrelevantstudents.
4.2 ExternalevaluationProfessorRobynQuin,formerDeputyViceChancellor(Education)atCurtinUniversity,wastheexternalevaluatorforthisFellowship.RefertoAppendixCforherevaluationreport.
4.3 Conclusion
On17December2016,theFellowship’sresearchoutcomesandrecommendations—theagreedprinciples,models,standardsandskills—wereacceptedbytheExecutiveofJERAAforuseinjournalismprogrammesinAustralianuniversities.RefertoAppendixDfortheJERAAletterofendorsement.Thissupporthasassistedthe(re)designofjournalismcapstonestoalignwiththegovernment’sAQFlevel7standardsforBachelordegrees.Australianjournalismgraduatesarenowenabledtodemonstrate,tobotheducatorsandemployers,thattheyhaveacquiredagreedskillsandcompetenciesforemploymentinawholerangeofdigitalmediaandcommunicationsindustries.
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ReferencesAustralianQualificationFramework(2013)AQFlevels.RetrievedAugust28,2016,from http://www.aqf.edu.au/aqf/in-detail/aqf-levels/Bailey,J.,vanAcker,E.,Frazer,L.,Wilson,K.,Hibbins,R.,Fyffe,J.,Wood,L.,Andrews,L., French,E.,Macneil,J.,Psaros,J.,Turbill,J.&Zanko,M.(2013)Capstonecoursesin undergraduatebusinessdegrees.FinalReport.OfficeforLearningandTeaching. Sydney:DepartmentofEducation.Barrie,S.,Hughes,C.,Crisp.G.,&Bennison,A.(2014)AssessingandassuringAustralian graduatelearningoutcomes:Principlesandpracticeswithinandacrossdisciplines. FinalReport.OfficeforLearningandTeaching.Sydney:DepartmentofEducation.Beck,W.(2014)Improvinggraduateemployabilitybyimplementingsubjectbenchmarks. OLTFellowship.FinalReport.OfficeforLearningandTeaching.Sydney:Department ofEducation.Billett,S.(2011)Curriculumandpedagogicbasesforeffectivelyintegratingpractice-based experiences.OLTFellowship.FinalReport.OfficeforLearningandTeaching.Sydney: DepartmentofEducation.Breit,R.,Romano,A.,O’Donnell,P.&McLellan,T.(2015)DisciplineNetwork:Journalism, MediaandCommunicationNetwork.FinalReport.OfficeforLearningandTeaching. Sydney:DepartmentofEducation.Cullen,T.(2017a)Agreedprinciples,modelsandskillsforcapstoneunits.Researchpaper presentedattheFirstWorldSummitofNationalTeachingFellows.Birmingham: RadissonBluHotel,19February.Cullen,T.(2017b)Journalismcapstoneunitsbasedonagreedprinciplesandstandards. PacificJournalismReview,22(2),172-184.Cullen,T.(2016a)Designingcapstoneunitsthatdemonstratestudentskills.Journalism& MassCommunicationEducator,71(3),360-370.Cullen,T.(2016b)Journalismcapstoneunitsthatdemonstratekeyresearch,communication andentrepreneurialskillsfornewmediajobsandmarkets.Researchpaper presentedattheInternationalAssociationforMediaandCommunicationResearch (IAMCR).Leicester:UniversityofLeicester,29July.Cullen,T.(2016c)Journalismcapstoneunitsbasedonagreedprinciplesandstandards. ResearchpaperpresentedattheWorldJournalismEducationCongress(WJEC). Auckland:AucklandUniversityofTechnology,16July.CullenT.(2016d)Anoverviewoftertiaryjournalismcapstoneunitsandtheneedforagreed principlesandstandards.ResearchpaperpresentedattheHigherEducation ResearchandDevelopmentSocietyofAustralasia(HERDSA)conference.Fremantle: EsplanadeHotel,7July.Cullen,T.(2016e)Whywehaven’tfinishedwithemployability.Researchpaperdeliveredas apanelmemberattheHigherEducationResearchandDevelopmentSocietyof Australasia(HERDSA)conference.Fremantle:EsplanadeHotel,6July.
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Cullen,T.,Tanner,S.,Green,K.,&O’Donnell(2014)Industryneedsandtertiaryjournalism education:viewsfromnewseditorsinWesternAustralia.Peer-reviewedpaper presentedatthe2014TeachingandLearningForum.Perth:UniversityofWestern Australia,30January.Cullen,T.(2015a)Acapstoneunitforjournalismprogramstofacilitatethedemonstrationof graduatecapabilities.ResearchpaperdeliveredasapanelmemberattheJournalism EducationandResearchAssociationofAustralia(JERAA)conference.Bathurst: CharlesSturtUniversity,2December.Cullen,T.(2015b)Capstoneunitsandwaystodemonstrateacquiredknowledgeandskills. ResearchpaperpresentedattheTeachingandLearningconference.Joondalup: EdithCowanUniversity,4November.Cullen,T.(2015c)Acapstoneunitfortertiaryjournalismprogramsthataimstofacilitatethe demonstrationofgraduatecapabilities.AsiaPacificMediaEducator,25(2),297-304.Cullen,T.(2014a)Newseditorsevaluatejournalismcoursesandgraduateemployability. AsiaPacificMediaEducator,24(2),1-16.Cullen,T.(2014b)Industryneedsandtertiaryjournalismeducation:viewsfromnewseditors inWesternAustralia.Peer-reviewedpaperpresentedattheTeachingandLearning Forum2014.Perth:UniversityofWesternAustralia.Cullen,T.(2012)IsittimetoreviewandrewritewhatAustralianuniversitiespromoteas sellingpointstojournalismstudents?PaperdeliveredattheAustralianJournalism EducationAssociationconference.Melbourne:DeakinUniversity.Cullen,T.&Callaghan,R.(2010)Promises,Promises,Promises.WhatUniversitiespromise journalismstudents.AustralianJournalismReview,32(1),117-130.Ferns,S.,Smith,C.&Russell,L.(2014).Assessingtheimpactofwork-integratedlearning (WIL)onstudentworkreadiness.FinalReport.OfficeforLearningandTeaching. Sydney:DepartmentofEducation.Hauhart,R.,&Grahe,J.(2015)Designingandteachingundergraduatecapstonecourses. SanFrancisco:Jossey-Bass.JourNet(2004)Australianeedsjournalismaccreditation.RetrievedApril14,2015,from http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php- URL_ID=19074&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.htmlLee,N.(2015a)Capstonecurriculum.RetrievedJanuary26,2016,from http://www.capstonecurriculum.com.au/one-capstone-two-capstone-bricolage/Lee,N.(2015b)Capstonecurriculumacrossdisciplines:Synthesisingtheory,practiceand policytoprovidepracticaltoolsforcurriculumdesign.OLTNationalSenior TeachingFellowship.FinalReport.OfficeforLearningandTeaching.Sydney: DepartmentofEducation.McNamara,J.,Kift,S.,Bulter,D.,Field,R.,Brown,C.,&Gamble,N.(2012)Work-integrated learningasacomponentofthecapstoneexperienceinundergraduatelaw.Asia- PacificJournalofCooperativeEducation,13(1),1-12.
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Oliver,B.(2015)Assuringgraduatecapabilities:evidencinglevelsofachievementfor graduateemployability.OLTFellowship.FinalReport.OfficeforLearningand Teaching.Sydney:DepartmentofEducation.Oliver,B.,Bethell,P.,Fernandez,J.M.,Harrison,J.,&Breit,R.(2011)Benchmarking journalismcourseswithafocusongraduateemployability:Casestudiesfromthree Australianuniversities,inAUQF2011:ProceedingsoftheAuQF:Demonstrating Quality.Melbourne:AustralianUniversitiesQualityAgency,1-6.Romano,A.(2014)ThresholdlearningoutcomesforJournalism,PublicRelationsand Media&CommunicationStudies.PaperdeliveredattheAustralianNewZealand CommunicationAssociationconference.Melbourne:SwinburneUniversityof Technology.StClair,J.(2015)Doingitforreal:designingexperientialjournalismcurriculathatprepare studentsforthenewanduncertainworldofjournalismwork,Coolabah,16(1),122- 142.Tanner,S.,O’Donnell,M.,Green,K.,&Cullen,T.(2014)Graduatequalitiesandjournalism- curriculumrenewal:Balancingtertiaryexpectationsandindustryneedsina changingenvironment.RetrievedApril14,2015,from
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AppendixA
CertificationbyDeputyVice-ChancellorIcertifythatallpartsofthefinalreportforthisDETFellowshipprovideanaccuraterepresentationoftheimplementation,impactandfindingsoftheproject,andthatthereportisofpublishablequality.
Signature:…………………………………………......…..............................
Name:…………………………………………......…....................................Date:……............………
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AppendixB
Listofagreedskillsforjournalismcapstoneunits
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AppendixC
ExternalEvaluator’sreport
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AppendixD
JERAAletterofendorsement