jp-8 fuel vs advanced emission controls. a dvanced c ombustion c ombustion e missions e missions r...
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AAdvanced dvanced
CCombustion ombustion
EEmissions missions
RReduction eduction
TTechnologyechnology
On-Highway EPA On-Highway EPA Emissions Emissions
RegulationsRegulations
10.7
NOx, G/HP-HR1 5.04.032 2.50.2
Particulate,
G/HP-HR0.6
0.25
0.10
0.01
1988198819881988
1991199119911991
1994199419941994199819981998199820042004200420042007/20102007/201098% Reduction 98% Reduction in Particulates in Particulates 98% Reduction 98% Reduction in NOxin NOx
98% Reduction 98% Reduction in Particulates in Particulates 98% Reduction 98% Reduction in NOxin NOx
2004 Emissions
Pulled Forward
to October 2002
2004 Emissions
Pulled Forward
to October 2002
20022002
Stringency and Stringency and ConvergenceConvergence
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
U.S. On-Highway
U.S. Non-Road
Euro1 Euro
2 Euro3
Euro4
Emissions Regulations Europe, Japan, U.S.
NO
xN
Ox
JP-8 Fuel InJP-8 Fuel InCaterpillar EnginesCaterpillar Engines
• Caterpillar Has Allowed The Use Of JP-8 Fuel
• Catalytic Converter Reliability and Durability Concerns With High Sulfur Fuel
JP-8 FuelJP-8 Fuel
• Current JP-8 Fuel Specification (MIL-DTL-83133E) Allows Sulfur Levels Up To 3000 PPM
• Sulfur Levels For Commercial On-Highway Fuel Is Currently Regulated at 500 PPM (15 PPM 2006)• Fuel Used For Certifying Engine Emissions Is Regulated By EPA (or EEC)
Using JP-8 FuelUsing JP-8 Fuel
• 7 - 12% Reduced Power
• Less Energy In A Gallon Of Fuel Means More Fuel For A Given Mission• Engines Will No Longer Be Emissions Compliant
AftertreatmentAftertreatment
ReliabilityReliability Over 80,000 in serviceOver 80,000 in service No service requiredNo service required
DurabilityDurability Stainless steel Stainless steel
constructionconstruction Low skin temperaturesLow skin temperatures
High Sulfur JP-8 AndHigh Sulfur JP-8 AndCatalytic ConvertersCatalytic Converters
• Caterpillar Has Not Tested The Durability Of Catalytic Converters With JP-8 Fuel• During Light Load Applications, Sulfur Deposits Will Form On The Catalyst Substrate
• Sulfate Deposits Mix With Water, Sulfuric Acid Is Formed And Deteriorates The Exhaust System At An Accelerated Rate
Options/RecommendatioOptions/Recommendatio
nsns• Update JP-8 Fuel Specification To Match Up With Commercial Fuel Specifications
• Run Durability Tests To Quantify The Degration Of The Catalytic Converter With JP-8