200 9 2010 2

()

09 409410430

45

1992

1. 2000

2. 2004. .

3. 2002

4. []A.S.E.M.1983

5. 1998

6. 1993

7.

word

1.

2.

Carolus Linnaeus,1707-177818

16

8

3

2

Ginkgo biloba L.(Linn.)

Oryza sativa L.

Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg.

Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.

Brassica juncea (L.)Czern. et Coss.

. Callistemon rigidus R. Br.

et &

et al. etc.

f.ex ()

var.

Euphorbia neriifolia var.cristata

Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge)Hu

1.

(International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, ICBN)(International Botanical Congress, IBC)

(protists)

2.

18678AlphonsodiCandolleLoisdelaNomenclatureBotanique768

3.

1910

4.

: 195981965

5.

197571984

6.

20057(Vienna Code)

7.

19998(St. Louis Code)2001

1

2?

3

Algae

1 Algae

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

35-33

15

P169

a

2d

b,

c

4

++++

++++

+++

+++

+++

++++

+++++

++++

+

+

++

++++

+++

+++++

+

+++++

+++

++++++

+++++++

a.

d

a.

b

a.

d

a.

c

24

21111

Cyanophyta

1.

2.

3.

4.

1501500

1. Chroococcus

2. Microcystis

3. Chamaesiphon

4. Oscillatoria

5. Nostoc

6. Anabeana

7. Stigonema

3533

1.

2.

3.

4.

Prochlorophyta

ProchloronProchlorophyta

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

1. Nostoc

2. Chroococcus

3. Stigonema

4. Microcystis

5. Anabeana

6. Chamaesiphon

7. Oscillatoria

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

2. 1 2 1 2 3 4 1 2 3

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Euglenophyta

1.

2.

3.

4. b.

5.

6.

1

2

1

ac -

2

?

(Xanthophyta)

H

2

2

1

ac -

2

Tribonema

1

1-2

2

2

1

ac -

1-2

2epitheca(hypotheca)valve1girdle band

1

ac--diatoxanthindiadinoxanthin

1

9+0

Chllorophyta

.

1

2.

3.

4.ab ,-,

5.

6.24 9+2

7.1-

.

35050008000214

Chlorophyta

Charophyceae Charales

Chlorophyceae 13

1. Volvocales

2. Tetrasporales

3. Chlorococcales

4. Ulotrichales

5. Chaetophorales

6. Ulvales

7. Prasiolales

8. Oedogoniales

9. Cladophorales

10. Siphonales

11. Siphonocladales

12. Dasycladales

13. Zygnematales

1. (Chlorella)

(Chlorella)

(autospore)

2. Scenedesmus

Scenedesmus

3. (Chlamydomonas)

100

122 1

248162(zoospore)

864(gamete)2N44

4. Volvox

(gonidium)

(plakea)inversion

5. Ulothrix

Ulothrix

1

42

6. (Spirogyra)

(Spirogyra) 300

111

(lateral conjugation)

31

7. (Chara)

(charophyyceae)

150

1060(apical cell)

15181

2

8. Codium

9. Ulva

sporophytegametophyte

(Rhodophyta

()

1.

2.

3.1

4.ad

5.(floridean starch)(floridose)

().

()

(Rhodophyta)5583700200

7604410127300

200

2

(Rhodophyta)5583700 7604410

1. Porphyrdium

2. Porphyra

3. Polysiphonia

Phaeophyta

1.

2.

3. 1

4. 1

31

422

5. ac, -6

6.

0.3%0.0002%

7. 211

2

2501500

1933Kylin

,,(Phaeophyceae)1,13:(Ectocarpales);(Sphace-lariales)Tilopteriales(Chordariales)(Cutileriales)(Sporochnales)(Dictyosiphonales) (Scytosiphonales)(Dictyota-les)(Desmarestiales)(Lamina-riales)(Fucales)(Durvil-laeales10

1.

2. ?

3. ?

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

Fungi

1969Whittaker

Bacteriophyta

0.5-1.2m

Actinomyces

2/3

70SDPAPH

Myxomycota

2n

,

Eumycota

1. ,

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

()

Saprolegnia

inside proliferation

(Mucor)(Rhizopus)

(Saccharomycetes cerevisiae)

(Aspergillus) (Penicillum)

(Sarcoscypha coccinea)

Saccardo 1899

4

(1)Moniliales

(2)Melanconiales

(3)Sphaeropsidales

(4)Agonomycetales

Lichens

99. %

90%

99%

Bryophyta

Bryophyta

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Marchantiales

Jungermanniales

Anthocerotales

Sphagnales

Andreaeales

Bryales

Hepaticae

1

2

3

marchantia ()

Porella ()

Riccardia ()

Schiffneria ()

Anthoceros ()

Marchantia polymorpha L.

Anthoceros

1.

2.

musci

1

2

3

11

12

1. Sphagnum

11

2. Andreae

1. 1800

2.

3. 1-2

4.

3funaria hygrometrica

1

1.

2.

3.

2

()

Gymnosperm

1.

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

1000591579581141236

5

Cycadopsida

Ginkgopsida

Coniferopsida

Taxopsida

Gnetopsida

Cycadopsida

P169

3 Cycadaceae Zamiaceae Stangeriaceae113001

Cycas

StangeriaBowenia

Dioon

Encephalartos

Macrozamia

Lepidozamia

Ceratozamia

Zamia

Microcycas

Cycas revoluta Thunb.

:

20V6-82-410

Ginkgopsida

1

Ginkgo biloba L.

30003000

ConiferopsidaConiferae

Araucariaceae

Pinaceae

Taxodiaceae

Cupressaceae

Pinaceae

1024010120

Pinus

Picea

Larix

Abies Abies beshanzuensis

Cedrus Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don

Pseudotsuga

Tsuga Tsuga longibracteata W. C. Cheng

Keteleeria

Cathaya

Pseudolarix

Cupressaceae

4

Cupressus

Platycladus

Juniperus

Sabina

3

Cunninghamia

Glyptostrobus

Metasequoia 101

Araucariaceae

Araucaria cunninghamia

Agathis australis

Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb)DDon

Podocarpus nagi

Dacrydium pierrei Hickel

Cephalotaxus fortune Hookf

Cephalotaxus sinesis

Cephalotaxus hainanensis Li

Taxaceae

139

1

Torreya grandis Fort.ex Lindl

Taxus celebica

Taxus wallichiana Zucc.

Ephedra equisetina BungeEphedra sinica(Chinese joint fir)

Gnetum parvifolium

2-3 2000""

2

---

Lyginopteris oldhamia

11

4

30A.L.

R.S.J.C.

ParagondwanidiumAngaridiumRufordiaTschernoviaZamiopterisIniopterisAnnularia

LebachiaErnestiodendronSphenopterisSphenobaieraUllmanniaPseudovoltzia

Psaronius

SapaiaGlenopterisGigantopteridium americanum

Lobatannu-lariaEmplectopterisEmplectopteroidiumCathaysiopterisGigantonocleaCladophlebis

GigantopterisRhipidropsisPsygmophyllum

2050

80

0.36%

Cyanophyceae

Chroococcales

Chamaesiphyonales

Osillatoriales

2

n

n

n

2n

n

2n

n

2n

2n

n

n

n

2n

n

2n

n

2n

n

1

2

4

PAGE

59